1 | % $Id$ |
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2 | \documentclass[blends,slideColor,colorBG,pdf,ps2pdf]{prosper} |
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3 | \usepackage[frenchb]{babel} |
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4 | \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} |
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5 | %\usepackage{multicol} |
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6 | \usepackage{moreverb} |
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7 | |
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8 | |
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9 | \title{RPM and policy for packaging} |
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10 | \subtitle{Adapt a rpm to a GNU/Linux distribution} |
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11 | \author{Olivier Thauvin} |
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12 | \email{olivier.thauvin@aerov.jussieu.fr} |
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13 | %%\institution{ |
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14 | %% \includegraphics*[height=0.3\textheight]{gnutux.eps} |
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15 | %%} |
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16 | |
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17 | \NoFrenchBabelItemize |
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18 | |
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19 | \begin{document} |
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20 | \maketitle |
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21 | |
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22 | \part{Introduction} |
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23 | |
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24 | \begin{slide}{Plan} |
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25 | \bigskip |
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26 | \begin{itemize} |
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27 | \item{RPM reminder} |
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28 | \item{Policy: introduction} |
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29 | \item{Matter of fact case: Mandriva} |
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30 | \end{itemize} |
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31 | \end{slide} |
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32 | |
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33 | \part{RPM reminder} |
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34 | |
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35 | \overlays{2}{ |
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36 | \begin{slide}{RPM: Rpm Package Manager} |
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37 | What is it ? |
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38 | \begin{itemize} |
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39 | \item a set of tools |
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40 | \item an archive format (.rpm) |
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41 | \item files in rpm format |
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42 | \end{itemize} |
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43 | \bigskip |
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44 | |
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45 | \FromSlide{2} |
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46 | Roles: |
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47 | \begin{itemize} |
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48 | \item install |
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49 | \item list |
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50 | \item control |
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51 | %\item make easier software installation |
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52 | %\item versioning (evr) |
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53 | %\item ensure that the environment is compatible with the software |
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54 | %\item ensure system's integrity |
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55 | \end{itemize} |
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56 | \end{slide} |
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57 | } |
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58 | |
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59 | \begin{slide}{The package} |
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60 | An .rpm file containing: |
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61 | \begin{itemize} |
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62 | \item{entête} informations about the rpm |
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63 | \begin{itemize} |
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64 | \item practical informations about the software (name, version, url, \ldots) |
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65 | \item to make the rpm |
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66 | \item a list of dependances |
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67 | \item a list of files provided |
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68 | \item history of the package (changelog) |
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69 | \end{itemize} |
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70 | \item an archive containing the files |
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71 | \end{itemize} |
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72 | \end{slide} |
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73 | |
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74 | \begin{slide}{Making an rpm} |
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75 | \begin{center} |
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76 | \includegraphics*[height=1\textheight]{rpm-building-en} |
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77 | \end{center} |
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78 | \end{slide} |
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79 | |
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80 | \begin{slide}{The spec file} |
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81 | It describes: |
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82 | \begin{itemize} |
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83 | \item the rpm(s) produced(s) |
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84 | \item the compiling of the software |
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85 | \end{itemize} |
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86 | \bigskip |
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87 | There are the following sections: |
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88 | \begin{itemize} |
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89 | \item header, \%description |
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90 | \item \%package |
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91 | \item \%prep, \%build, \%install, \%check |
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92 | \item \%files |
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93 | \item \%verify, \%pre, \%preun, \%post, \%postun, \%posttrans, \ldots |
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94 | \item \%changelog |
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95 | \end{itemize} |
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96 | \end{slide} |
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97 | |
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98 | \begin{slide}{Specfile: example} |
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99 | \begin{small} |
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100 | \verbatiminput{simple.spec} |
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101 | \bigskip |
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102 | \begin{verbatim} |
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103 | $ rpm -ba simple.spec |
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104 | Write: /home/users/olivier/RPM/SRPMS/simple-1-1.src.rpm |
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105 | \o/ |
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106 | \end{verbatim} |
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107 | \end{small} |
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108 | \end{slide} |
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109 | |
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110 | \begin{slide}{Macros} |
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111 | RPM specific variables. |
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112 | |
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113 | Origine: |
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114 | \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} |
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115 | \hline |
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116 | where&provider\\ |
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117 | \hline |
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118 | \hline |
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119 | system macros files&rpm\\ |
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120 | \hline |
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121 | system macros files&distribution\\ |
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122 | \hline |
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123 | \verb+~/.rpmmacros+&user\\ |
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124 | \hline |
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125 | spec file&packager\\ |
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126 | \hline |
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127 | \end{tabular} |
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128 | |
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129 | \bigskip |
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130 | They provide values or functions. |
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131 | \end{slide} |
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132 | |
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133 | \part{Policy: introduction} |
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134 | |
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135 | \overlays{2}{ |
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136 | \begin{slide}{What is a policy} |
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137 | To define rules. |
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138 | |
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139 | \FromSlide{2} |
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140 | \bigskip |
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141 | |
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142 | Goal: |
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143 | \bigskip |
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144 | \begin{itemize} |
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145 | \item homogeneity |
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146 | \item work factorisation |
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147 | \item quality |
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148 | \item ease the work |
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149 | \end{itemize} |
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150 | \bigskip |
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151 | In brief, that's good (tm) |
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152 | \bigskip |
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153 | |
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154 | \end{slide} |
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155 | } |
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156 | |
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157 | \overlays{2}{ |
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158 | \begin{slide}{Root is evil} |
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159 | Do not build as root,\\ |
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160 | Do not build as root,\\ |
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161 | And do not build as root.\\ |
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162 | \FromSlide{2} |
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163 | \bigskip |
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164 | |
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165 | Risks : |
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166 | \begin{itemize} |
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167 | \item pollute your system |
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168 | \item skip errors unwillingly |
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169 | \item compromission, corruption of your system |
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170 | \item cannot be done on the compile-server |
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171 | \item it gives buttons |
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172 | %\item It makes you impotent |
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173 | \end{itemize} |
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174 | \end{slide} |
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175 | } |
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176 | |
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177 | \begin{slide}{Do not change the config} |
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178 | The environment provided with rpm adapts the rpms one to each other. |
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179 | |
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180 | You notably find: |
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181 | \begin{itemize} |
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182 | \item default paths |
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183 | \item dependances generation |
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184 | \item post-installation |
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185 | \end{itemize} |
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186 | \end{slide} |
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187 | |
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188 | \begin{slide}{Summary of basic rules} |
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189 | \begin{itemize} |
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190 | \item document yourself |
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191 | \item ask people used to making packages for their distribution |
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192 | \item understand rather than work-around |
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193 | \item a package well done for a distribution often becomes uncompatible |
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194 | with others |
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195 | \item get your package integrated to the distribution |
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196 | (it's worth doing for other things than rpm) |
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197 | \end{itemize} |
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198 | \end{slide} |
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199 | |
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200 | \part{Matter of fact case: Mandriva} |
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201 | |
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202 | \overlays{2}{ |
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203 | \begin{slide}{User configuration} |
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204 | \begin{itemize} |
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205 | \item define your rpm environment |
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206 | \item define the packager tag |
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207 | \end{itemize} |
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208 | |
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209 | \FromSlide{2} |
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210 | .rpmmacros: |
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211 | \bigskip |
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212 | \begin{small} |
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213 | \listinginput[5]{1}{rpmmacros} |
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214 | \end{small} |
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215 | \end{slide} |
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216 | } |
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217 | |
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218 | \begin{slide}{Package naming policy} |
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219 | \begin{itemize} |
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220 | \item package name are lowercase (there are some exceptions) |
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221 | \item package name should match software name |
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222 | \item language modules have package name prefixed by language name |
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223 | \end{itemize} |
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224 | |
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225 | Example: |
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226 | \begin{itemize} |
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227 | \item perl |
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228 | \item rpm |
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229 | \item perl-POE |
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230 | \end{itemize} |
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231 | \end{slide} |
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232 | |
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233 | \overlays{2}{ |
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234 | \begin{slide}{\%mkrel} |
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235 | Problems with backport: |
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236 | |
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237 | \begin{tabular}{|l|l|c|l|} |
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238 | \hline |
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239 | &cooker&&stable\\ |
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240 | \hline |
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241 | \hline |
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242 | without&1mdv&==&1mdv\\ |
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243 | \hline |
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244 | with&1mdk&>&0.1.20060mdk\\ |
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245 | &1mdv2007.0&>&1mdv2006.0\\ |
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246 | \hline |
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247 | \end{tabular} |
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248 | \bigskip |
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249 | \FromSlide{2} |
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250 | |
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251 | Release: 1mdk |
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252 | |
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253 | becomes: |
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254 | |
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255 | Release: \%mkrel 1 |
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256 | |
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257 | \end{slide} |
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258 | } |
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259 | |
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260 | \begin{slide}{Path for files} |
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261 | \begin{itemize} |
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262 | \item Prefix has a specific meaning, do not use it |
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263 | \item respect the standard paths |
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264 | \item prefer macros |
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265 | \item /usr/local is reserved for softwares installed without rpm |
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266 | \end{itemize} |
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267 | \end{slide} |
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268 | |
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269 | \begin{slide}{Standard path} |
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270 | \bigskip |
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271 | \begin{small} |
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272 | \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} |
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273 | \hline |
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274 | path¯o&usage\\ |
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275 | \hline |
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276 | \hline |
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277 | /usr&\%\_prefix&general path\\ |
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278 | \hline |
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279 | /etc&\%\_sysconfdir&configuration\\ |
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280 | \hline |
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281 | /usr/bin&\%\_bindir&application\\ |
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282 | \hline |
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283 | /usr/sbin&\%\_sbindir&app. for root\\ |
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284 | \hline |
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285 | /usr/lib&\%\_libdir&libraries\\ |
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286 | /usr/lib64&&\\ |
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287 | \hline |
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288 | /usr/share&\%\_datadir&data\\ |
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289 | \hline |
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290 | /usr/share/man&\%\_mandir&man pages\\ |
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291 | \hline |
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292 | \end{tabular} |
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293 | \end{small} |
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294 | \end{slide} |
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295 | |
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296 | \begin{slide}{Compilation and installation} |
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297 | Compiling a software: |
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298 | |
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299 | \begin{itemize} |
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300 | \item use the appropriate options (\%optflags) |
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301 | \item take care to paths |
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302 | \item install files in \%buildroot |
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303 | \end{itemize} |
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304 | \bigskip |
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305 | Simple case with autotools |
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306 | |
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307 | {\scriptsize\begin{verbatim} |
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308 | %build |
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309 | %configure |
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310 | %make |
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311 | |
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312 | %install |
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313 | %makeinstall_std |
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314 | \end{verbatim} |
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315 | } |
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316 | \end{slide} |
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317 | |
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318 | \begin{slide}{Spec extracts} |
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319 | Example of a complicated case: |
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320 | |
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321 | {\tiny\begin{verbatim} |
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322 | export CFLAGS="%optflags" |
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323 | ./configure \ |
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324 | --prefix %_prefix \ |
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325 | --bindir %_bindir \ |
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326 | --libdir %_libdir |
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327 | # parallel make do not work |
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328 | make |
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329 | |
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330 | %install |
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331 | make install DEST=%buildroot |
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332 | |
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333 | #install one file: |
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334 | cat > %buildroot%_sysconfdir/%name.cfg <<EOF |
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335 | blabla |
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336 | EOF |
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337 | \end{verbatim}% |
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338 | } |
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339 | |
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340 | \end{slide} |
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341 | |
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342 | \overlays{3}{ |
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343 | \begin{slide}{Include the files in the package} |
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344 | \begin{itemstep} |
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345 | \item all files must be listed |
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346 | \item use macros |
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347 | \item software-specific directories must be included |
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348 | \end{itemstep} |
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349 | \end{slide} |
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350 | } |
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351 | |
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352 | \overlays{3}{ |
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353 | \begin{slide}{Include the files in the package} |
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354 | \begin{itemstep} |
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355 | \item configuration files must not be replaced |
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356 | |
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357 | {\scriptsize% |
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358 | \%config(noreplace) \%\_sysconfdir/foo |
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359 | } |
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360 | |
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361 | \item documentations are included with \%doc |
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362 | {\scriptsize% |
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363 | \%doc README \ldots |
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364 | } |
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365 | |
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366 | \item use \%find\_lang for translations |
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367 | |
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368 | {\scriptsize% |
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369 | \%install\\ |
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370 | \%find\_lang \%name\\ |
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371 | \ldots\\ |
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372 | \%files -f \%name.lang\\ |
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373 | } |
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374 | |
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375 | \end{itemstep} |
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376 | \end{slide} |
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377 | } |
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378 | |
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379 | \begin{slide}{Dependances} |
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380 | For binary packages: usually, nothing to do |
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381 | |
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382 | For sources: |
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383 | \begin{itemize} |
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384 | \item identical for all architectures |
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385 | \item suficient to build the packages |
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386 | \item no redundancy |
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387 | \end{itemize} |
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388 | \bigskip |
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389 | Example: |
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390 | \begin{verbatim} |
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391 | BuildRequires: libfoo-devel |
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392 | \end{verbatim} |
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393 | \end{slide} |
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394 | |
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395 | \begin{slide}{Libidification} |
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396 | Goal: |
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397 | \begin{itemize} |
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398 | \item have many versions of a library\\ |
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399 | Name packages using major number |
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400 | \item have many architectures\\ |
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401 | Name package including a prefix |
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402 | \end{itemize} |
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403 | \bigskip |
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404 | {\begin{center} |
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405 | \scriptsize |
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406 | \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} |
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407 | \hline |
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408 | majeur:&0&1\\ |
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409 | \hline |
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410 | 32bits&libfoo0&libfoo1\\ |
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411 | &lib/foo.so.0&lib/foo.so.1\\ |
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412 | \hline |
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413 | 64bits&lib64foo0&lib64foo1\\ |
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414 | &lib64/foo.so.0&lib64/foo.so.1\\ |
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415 | \hline |
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416 | \end{tabular} |
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417 | \end{center} |
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418 | } |
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419 | |
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420 | \end{slide} |
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421 | |
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422 | \begin{slide}{Libidification: use case} |
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423 | |
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424 | \begin{verbatim} |
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425 | %define major 0 |
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426 | #similar to %_lib%name%major |
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427 | %define libname %name %major |
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428 | \end{verbatim} |
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429 | \ldots |
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430 | \begin{verbatim} |
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431 | %package -n %libname |
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432 | Provide: lib%name = %version-%release |
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433 | \end{verbatim} |
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434 | \ldots |
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435 | \begin{verbatim} |
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436 | %files -n %libname |
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437 | %defattr(-, root, root, -) |
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438 | %_libdir/*.so.* |
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439 | \end{verbatim} |
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440 | \end{slide} |
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441 | |
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442 | \part{Conclusion} |
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443 | |
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444 | \begin{slide}{rpmlint} |
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445 | Tool to check packages complies to the policy |
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446 | \begin{itemize} |
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447 | \item maintained by the wonderful Michaël Scherer |
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448 | \item available at \url{http://rpmlint.zarb.org/} |
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449 | \end{itemize} |
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450 | \bigskip |
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451 | {\tiny |
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452 | \begin{verbatim} |
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453 | $ rpmlint -i rpm-mandriva-setup-1.24-1mdv2007.0.i586.rpm |
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454 | E: rpm-mandriva-setup no-binary |
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455 | The package should be of the noarch architecture because it |
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456 | doesn't contain any binaries. |
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457 | |
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458 | E: rpm-mandriva-setup only-non-binary-in-usr-lib |
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459 | There are only non binary files in /usr/lib so they should |
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460 | be in /usr/share. |
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461 | |
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462 | \end{verbatim} |
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463 | } |
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464 | \end{slide} |
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465 | |
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466 | \begin{slide}{The End} |
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467 | This document is there: {\scriptsize\url{http://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/docipsl/}}. |
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468 | |
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469 | Mandriva's rpmhowto: {\scriptsize\url{http://qa.mandriva.com/twiki/bin/view/Main/RpmHowTo}}. |
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470 | |
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471 | \bigskip |
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472 | Thanks: |
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473 | \begin{itemize} |
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474 | \item Guillaume Rousse |
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475 | \item Benoît Audouard |
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476 | \item Eric Villard |
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477 | \item CNRS/ISPL for web hosting |
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478 | \end{itemize} |
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479 | |
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480 | \bigskip |
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481 | Questions ? |
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482 | |
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483 | \end{slide} |
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484 | \end{document} |
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