Changeset 400

Timestamp:

10/29/16 17:48:10 (8 years ago)

Author:

nanardon

Message:

more line about computers and clusters

Location:

trunk/clusters-calcul

Files:

• asus_mb.png (added)
• asus_mb.xcf (added)
• cpu.jpg (added)
• presentation.tex (modified) (3 diffs)
• ram.jpg (added)

trunk/clusters-calcul/presentation.tex

@@ -6 +6 @@
 \usepackage{moreverb}
 \usepackage{graphicx}
+
+\newlength{\textlarg}
+\newcommand{\barre}[1]{%
+    \settowidth{\textlarg}{#1}
+    #1\hspace{-\textlarg}\rule[0.5ex]{\textlarg}{0.5pt}}
 
 \mode<presentation>
@@ -119 +124 @@
 \end{frame}
 
+\section{Inside the computers}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{The Motherboard}
+\begin{columns}[c]
+\column{2in}
+\begin{exampleblock}{ASUS AV7333}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=40mm]{asus_mb}
+\end{exampleblock}
+\column{2.5in}
+\begin{block}{}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Main components (PC)
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textcolor{red}{CPU}
+\item \textcolor{green}{Memory}
+\item \textcolor{blue}{Bus}
+\item keyboard
+\item graphic card
+\end{itemize}
+\pause
+\item optionals components
+\begin{itemize}
+\item mouse and others rodents
+\item hard drive
+\item sound card
+\item \ldots
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{The processor}
+\begin{columns}[c]
+\column{3in}
+\begin{block}{CPU}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item perform computation
+        \item one process at a time per processing unit
+        \onslide<2->{
+        \item \og{}CPU\fg{} is the physical component
+        \item \og{}core\fg{} refer to processing unit
+        }
+        \onslide<3->{
+        \item since around 2010 most CPU have multiple cores
+        }
+        \onslide<4->{
+        \item some computers can handle multiple CPU
+        }
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\column{1in}
+\begin{exampleblock}{Intel Core 2}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=20mm]{cpu}
+\end{exampleblock}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+    \frametitle{The Random Access Memory (RAM)}
+\begin{columns}[c]
+\column{3in}
+\begin{block}{Data used by CPUs}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item the programs themself (system and applications)
+        \item the program's data
+        \item hard drive cache
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+
+\begin{block}{Properties}
+    \onslide<2->{
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item is very fast
+        \item is very small compared to storage
+    \end{itemize}
+    }
+\end{block}
+\column{1in}
+\begin{exampleblock}{RAM}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=20mm]{ram}
+\end{exampleblock}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+    \frametitle{Multitasking (long time ago)}
+\begin{block}{Mono task: one thing at time}
+Does not exists anymore on standard computers
+\end{block}
+\pause
+
+\begin{block}{Cooperative multi taskting}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item More than one appplication are launch
+\item Up to the running application to give back CPU
+\end{itemize}
+Concern:
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item MacOS 1 to 9 (before MacOS X)
+    \item Windows 3.x, Windows 9x and Me
+\end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Preemptive Multitasking}
+\begin{block}{The system has the hand}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item the system dispatch CPU to apllication
+        \item the handle user's defined priority
+            \pause
+        \item process can be kill:
+            \begin{itemize}
+                \item not enough memory
+                \item memory corruption attempt
+            \end{itemize}
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\pause
+
+\begin{block}{The scheduler}
+    It manage the order of application to run according
+    \pause
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item CPU resquested by applications
+            \pause
+        \item the number of process unit
+            \pause
+        \item hardware response time (hard drive)
+            \pause
+        \item process priority
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
 \section{Models}
 
@@ -135 +281 @@
 \pause
 
-\begin{block}{Examples}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Cube: ozone level / $m^3$ for 1km3: $1000 * 1000 * 1000 = 10^9 \simeq 1GB$
-\pause
-\item loop: 1 second step for 1 hour: 3600 steps.
-\end{itemize}
-Data to store: around 3TB.
+\begin{exampleblock}{Examples}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Cube: $O_3$ level / $m^3$ for 1km3: $1000 * 1000 * 1000 = 10^9 \simeq 1GB$
+\pause
+\item loop: 1 second step for 1 hour (3600 steps) 3TB of data
+\end{itemize}
+\end{exampleblock}
+\pause
+
+\begin{alertblock}{Issues}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Take a lot of time
+\item Need a lot of memory
+\end{itemize}
+\end{alertblock}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{The memory issue}
+\begin{block}{Solutions:}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Buy more memory
+    \pause\\
+    Necessary in some case but RAM is expensive
+\pause
+\item Write intermediate data / results on hard drive
+    \pause\\
+    Will slowdown the process, less with a proper database format
+\end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Run the code faster}
+\begin{block}{Solutions:}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Buy a faster CPU
+    \pause\\
+    Maybe, but the CPU speed is reaching a limit\\
+    Now the processor number increase, not the speed
+\pause
+\item Optimize the code
+    \pause\\
+    Of course, not enough sometimes
+\pause
+\item Make the code parallel
+    \pause\\
+    Yes ! Will split the work on all availlable cores\\
+    Need some work, sometimes very complex
+\end{itemize}
 \end{block}
 \end{frame}
 
 \section{Clusters}
+
+\begin{frame}
+    \frametitle{About clusters}
+    \begin{block}{Definition (Wikipedia)}
+        A computer cluster consists of [\ldots] connected
+        computers that work together so [\ldots] they can be
+        viewed as a single system.
+    \end{block}
+    \pause
+
+    \hfill
+    \begin{block}{Pratice}
+        \begin{itemize}
+            \item a computer is call "node"
+            \item all computers share the same storages
+            \item computers are independant
+            \item a scheduler dispatch job on free node
+        \end{itemize}
+    \end{block}
+    \pause
+
+\end{frame}
 
 \begin{frame}