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sbcblk.F90 in NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC – NEMO

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source: NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC/sbcblk.F90 @ 11615

Last change on this file since 11615 was 11615, checked in by laurent, 5 years ago
LB: new cool-skin and warm-layer parameterizations for ECMWF and COARE3.6, COARE3.0 uses same CSWL param as for COARE3.6.
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 71.1 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!! Aerodynamic Bulk Formulas
6	!! SUCCESSOR OF "sbcblk_core"
7	!!=====================================================================
8	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original CORE code
9	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) improved CORE bulk and its user interface
10	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
11	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core
12	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
13	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
14	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
15	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
16	!! 4.0 ! 2016-06 (L. Brodeau) sbcblk_core becomes sbcblk and is not restricted to the CORE algorithm anymore
17	!! ! ==> based on AeroBulk (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk/)
18	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (G. Madec) introduce a sbc_blk_init routine
19	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (M. Vancoppenolle) Introduce conduction flux emulator (M. Vancoppenolle)
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21
22	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
23	!! sbc_blk_init : initialisation of the chosen bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
24	!! sbc_blk : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
25	!! blk_oce : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
26	!! sea-ice case only :
27	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
28	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
29	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
30	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
31	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
32	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
33	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
34	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
35	USE phycst ! physical constants
36	USE fldread ! read input fields
37	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
38	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
39	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
40	USE sbcwave , ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
41	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
42	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
43	#if defined key_si3
44	USE ice , ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, a_i_b, at_i_b, t_su, rn_cnd_s, hfx_err_dif
45	USE icethd_dh ! for CALL ice_thd_snwblow
46	#endif
47	USE sbcblk_algo_ncar ! => turb_ncar : NCAR - CORE (Large & Yeager, 2009)
48	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p0 ! => turb_coare3p0 : COAREv3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
49	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p6 ! => turb_coare3p6 : COAREv3.6 (Fairall et al. 2018 + Edson et al. 2013)
50	USE sbcblk_algo_ecmwf ! => turb_ecmwf : ECMWF (IFS cycle 45r1)
51	!
52	USE iom ! I/O manager library
53	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
54	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
55	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
56	USE prtctl ! Print control
57
58	USE sbcblk_phy !LB: all thermodynamics functions in the marine boundary layer, rho_air, q_sat, etc...
59
60
61	IMPLICIT NONE
62	PRIVATE
63
64	PUBLIC sbc_blk_init ! called in sbcmod
65	PUBLIC sbc_blk ! called in sbcmod
66	#if defined key_si3
67	PUBLIC blk_ice_tau ! routine called in icesbc
68	PUBLIC blk_ice_flx ! routine called in icesbc
69	PUBLIC blk_ice_qcn ! routine called in icesbc
70	#endif
71
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld =10 ! maximum number of files to read
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
75	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 3 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
76	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
77	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 5 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
78	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 6 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
79	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
80	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
81	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_slp = 9 ! index of sea level pressure (Pa)
82	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif =10 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
83
84	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
85
86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_blk : bulk parameters
87	LOGICAL :: ln_NCAR ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
88	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p0 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
89	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p6 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
90	LOGICAL :: ln_ECMWF ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
91	!
92	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation
95	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress
96	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
97	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
98	!!gm ref namelist initialize it so remove the setting to false below
99	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L12 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2012)
100	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L15 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2015)
101	!
102	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Cd_atm ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
103	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ch_atm ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
104	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ce_atm ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
105	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: t_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
106	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: q_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
107	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce ! needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme
108
109	!LB:
110	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_cs ! use the cool-skin (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
111	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_wl ! use the warm-layer parameterization (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
112	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_sph ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is specific humidity [kg/kg] if .true. !LB
113	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_dpt ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is dew-point temperature [K] if .true. !LB
114	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_rlh ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is relative humidity [%] if .true. !LB
115	!
116	INTEGER :: nhumi ! choice of the bulk algorithm
117	! ! associated indices:
118	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_sph = 1
119	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_dpt = 2
120	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_rlh = 3
121	!LB.
122
123	INTEGER :: nblk ! choice of the bulk algorithm
124	! ! associated indices:
125	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_NCAR = 1 ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
126	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p0 = 2 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
127	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p6 = 3 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
128	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_ECMWF = 4 ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
129
130	!! * Substitutions
131	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
132	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
133	!! NEMO/OCE 4.0 , NEMO Consortium (2018)
134	!! $Id$
135	!! Software governed by the CeCILL license (see ./LICENSE)
136	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
137	CONTAINS
138
139	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc()
140	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
141	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_alloc *
142	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
143	ALLOCATE( Cd_atm (jpi,jpj), Ch_atm (jpi,jpj), Ce_atm (jpi,jpj), t_zu(jpi,jpj), q_zu(jpi,jpj), &
144	& cdn_oce(jpi,jpj), chn_oce(jpi,jpj), cen_oce(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_alloc )
145	!
146	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_alloc )
147	IF( sbc_blk_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
148	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc
149
150	!LB:
151	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_cswl_alloc()
152	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
153	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_cswl_alloc *
154	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
155	!PRINT , '** LB: allocating tsk!'
156	ALLOCATE( tsk(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_cswl_alloc )
157	!PRINT , '** LB: done!'
158	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_cswl_alloc )
159	IF( sbc_blk_cswl_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_cswl_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
160	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_cswl_alloc
161	!LB.
162
163
164	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
165	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
166	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_init *
167	!!
168	!! ** Purpose : choose and initialize a bulk formulae formulation
169	!!
170	!! ** Method :
171	!!
172	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
173	INTEGER :: ifpr, jfld ! dummy loop indice and argument
174	INTEGER :: ios, ierror, ioptio ! Local integer
175	!!
176	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of atmospheric forcing files
177	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
178	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
179	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
180	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_slp , sn_tdif ! " "
181	NAMELIST/namsbc_blk/ sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr, sn_qlw , & ! input fields
182	& sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_slp, sn_tdif, &
183	& ln_NCAR, ln_COARE_3p0, ln_COARE_3p6, ln_ECMWF, & ! bulk algorithm
184	& cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, &
185	& rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, ln_Cd_L12, ln_Cd_L15, &
186	& ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, ln_humi_sph, ln_humi_dpt, ln_humi_rlh ! cool-skin / warm-layer !LB
187	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
188	!
189	! ! allocate sbc_blk_core array
190	IF( sbc_blk_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
191	!
192	! !** read bulk namelist
193	REWIND( numnam_ref ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in reference namelist : bulk parameters
194	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
195	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in reference namelist', lwp )
196	!
197	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in configuration namelist : bulk parameters
198	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
199	902 IF( ios > 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in configuration namelist', lwp )
200	!
201	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_blk )
202	!
203	! !** initialization of the chosen bulk formulae (+ check)
204	! !* select the bulk chosen in the namelist and check the choice
205	ioptio = 0
206	IF( ln_NCAR ) THEN
207	nblk = np_NCAR ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
208	ENDIF
209	IF( ln_COARE_3p0 ) THEN
210	nblk = np_COARE_3p0 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
211	ENDIF
212	IF( ln_COARE_3p6 ) THEN
213	nblk = np_COARE_3p6 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
214	ENDIF
215	IF( ln_ECMWF ) THEN
216	nblk = np_ECMWF ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
217	ENDIF
218	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one bulk algorithm' )
219
220
221
222	!LB:
223	! !** initialization of the cool-skin / warm-layer parametrization
224	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
225	IF ( ln_NCAR ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Cool-skin/warm-layer param. not compatible with NCAR algorithm!' )
226	! ! allocate array(s) for cool-skin/warm-layer param.
227	IF( sbc_blk_cswl_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
228	END IF
229	!
230	ioptio = 0
231	IF( ln_humi_sph ) THEN
232	nhumi = np_humi_sph ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
233	ENDIF
234	IF( ln_humi_dpt ) THEN
235	nhumi = np_humi_dpt ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
236	ENDIF
237	IF( ln_humi_rlh ) THEN
238	nhumi = np_humi_rlh ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
239	ENDIF
240	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one type of air humidity' )
241	!LB.
242
243	!
244	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN !* check: diurnal cycle on Qsr
245	IF( sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T only with daily short-wave input' )
246	IF( sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
247	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T daily qsr time interpolation done by sbcdcy module', &
248	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
249	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
250	ENDIF
251	ENDIF
252	! !* set the bulk structure
253	! !- store namelist information in an array
254	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
255	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
256	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
257	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
258	slf_i(jp_slp) = sn_slp ; slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
259	!
260	lhftau = ln_taudif !- add an extra field if HF stress is used
261	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT.lhftau/) )
262	!
263	! !- allocate the bulk structure
264	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror )
265	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_init: unable to allocate sf structure' )
266	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
267	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
268	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
269	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%nfreqh > 0. .AND. MOD( 3600. * slf_i(ifpr)%nfreqh , REAL(nn_fsbc) * rdt) /= 0. ) &
270	& CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: sbcmod timestep rdt*nn_fsbc is NOT a submultiple of atmospheric forcing frequency.', &
271	& ' This is not ideal. You should consider changing either rdt or nn_fsbc value...' )
272
273	END DO
274	! !- fill the bulk structure with namelist informations
275	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_init', 'surface boundary condition -- bulk formulae', 'namsbc_blk' )
276	!
277	IF ( ln_wave ) THEN
278	!Activated wave module but neither drag nor stokes drift activated
279	IF ( .NOT.(ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) ) THEN
280	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'Ask for wave coupling but ln_cdgw=F, ln_sdw=F, ln_tauwoc=F, ln_stcor=F' )
281	!drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core
282	ELSEIF (ln_cdgw .AND. .NOT. ln_NCAR ) THEN
283	CALL ctl_stop( 'drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with NCAR and CORE bulk formulae')
284	ELSEIF (ln_stcor .AND. .NOT. ln_sdw) THEN
285	CALL ctl_stop( 'Stokes-Coriolis term calculated only if activated Stokes Drift ln_sdw=T')
286	ENDIF
287	ELSE
288	IF ( ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) &
289	& CALL ctl_stop( 'Not Activated Wave Module (ln_wave=F) but asked coupling ', &
290	& 'with drag coefficient (ln_cdgw =T) ' , &
291	& 'or Stokes Drift (ln_sdw=T) ' , &
292	& 'or ocean stress modification due to waves (ln_tauwoc=T) ', &
293	& 'or Stokes-Coriolis term (ln_stcori=T)' )
294	ENDIF
295	!
296	!
297	IF(lwp) THEN !** Control print
298	!
299	WRITE(numout,) ! namelist
300	WRITE(numout,*) ' Namelist namsbc_blk (other than data information):'
301	WRITE(numout,*) ' "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008) ln_NCAR = ', ln_NCAR
302	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003) ln_COARE_3p0 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
303	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018 + Edson al 2013)ln_COARE_3p6 = ', ln_COARE_3p6
304	WRITE(numout,*) ' "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1) ln_ECMWF = ', ln_ECMWF
305	WRITE(numout,*) ' add High freq.contribution to the stress module ln_taudif = ', ln_taudif
306	WRITE(numout,*) ' Air temperature and humidity reference height (m) rn_zqt = ', rn_zqt
307	WRITE(numout,*) ' Wind vector reference height (m) rn_zu = ', rn_zu
308	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on precipitation (total & snow) rn_pfac = ', rn_pfac
309	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on evaporation rn_efac = ', rn_efac
310	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on ocean/ice velocity rn_vfac = ', rn_vfac
311	WRITE(numout,*) ' (form absolute (=0) to relative winds(=1))'
312	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2012 ln_Cd_L12 = ', ln_Cd_L12
313	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2015 ln_Cd_L15 = ', ln_Cd_L15
314	!
315	WRITE(numout,*)
316	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !* Print the choice of bulk algorithm
317	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)'
318	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)'
319	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018+Edson et al. 2013)'
320	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)'
321	END SELECT
322	!
323	WRITE(numout,*)
324	WRITE(numout,*) ' use cool-skin parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_cs = ', ln_skin_cs !LB
325	WRITE(numout,*) ' use warm-layer parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_wl = ', ln_skin_wl !LB
326	!
327	!LB:
328	WRITE(numout,*)
329	SELECT CASE( nhumi ) !* Print the choice of air humidity
330	CASE( np_humi_sph ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is SPECIFIC HUMIDITY [kg/kg]'
331	CASE( np_humi_dpt ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE [K]'
332	CASE( np_humi_rlh ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is RELATIVE HUMIDITY [%]'
333	END SELECT
334	!LB.
335	!
336	ENDIF
337	!
338	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
339
340
341	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk( kt )
342	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
343	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk *
344	!!
345	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
346	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
347	!!
348	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
349	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
350	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
351	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
352	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
353	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
354	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
355	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
356	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
357	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
358	!! (2) CALL blk_oce
359	!!
360	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
361	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
362	!!
363	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
364	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
365	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
366	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
367	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
368	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
369	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
370	!!
371	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
372	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
373	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
374	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
375	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
376	!
377	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
378	!
379	IF( kt == nit000 ) tsk(:,:) = sst_m(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) ! no previous estimate of skin temperature => using bulk SST
380	!
381	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m ) ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using bulk formulea
382
383	#if defined key_cice
384	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
385	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(:,:,1)
386	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
387	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
388	ELSE
389	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
390	ENDIF
391	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
392	!LB:
393	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
394	CASE( np_humi_sph )
395	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
396	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
397	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
398	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
399	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1)) !RH is % percent in file
400	END SELECT
401	!LB.
402	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
403	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
404	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
405	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
406	ENDIF
407	#endif
408	!
409	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk
410
411
412	SUBROUTINE blk_oce( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
413	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
414	!! * ROUTINE blk_oce *
415	!!
416	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
417	!! the ocean surface at each time step
418	!!
419	!! ** Method : bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
420	!! fields read in sbc_read
421	!!
422	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
423	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
424	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
425	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
426	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
427	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
428	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
429	!!
430	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
431	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
432	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
433	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
434	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
435	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
436	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
437	!
438	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
439	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! local variable
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zsq ! specific humidity at pst [kg/kg]
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zU_zu ! bulk wind speed at height zu [m/s]
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztpot ! potential temperature of air at z=rn_zqt [K]
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
448	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
449	!
450	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
451	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
452
453	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
454	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
455	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
456
457	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
458	!!gm move zwnd_i (_j) set to zero inside the key_cyclone ???
459	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0._wp
460	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0._wp
461	#if defined key_cyclone
462	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
463	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
464	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
465	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
466	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
467	END DO
468	END DO
469	#endif
470	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
471	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
472	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
473	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
474	END DO
475	END DO
476	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', zwnd_i, 'T', -1., zwnd_j, 'T', -1. )
477	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
478	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
479	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
480
481	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
482	! I Solar FLUX !
483	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
484
485	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
486	zztmp = 1. - albo
487	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
488	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
489	ELSE
490	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
491	ENDIF
492
493
494	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
495	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
496	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
497
498	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST tmask(
499	zsq(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
500
501	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
502	zqsb(:,:) = zst(:,:) !LB: using array zqsb to backup original zst before skin action
503	zqla(:,:) = zsq(:,:) !LB: using array zqla to backup original zsq before skin action
504	END IF
505
506	!LB:
507	! zqair = specific humidity of air at "rn_zqt" m above thes sea:
508	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
509	CASE( np_humi_sph )
510	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
511	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
512	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !'
513	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
514	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
515	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !'
516	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
517	END SELECT
518	!LB.
519
520	!! Estimate of potential temperature at z=rn_zqt, based on adiabatic lapse-rate
521	!! (see Josey, Gulev & Yu, 2013) / doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00005-2
522	!! (since reanalysis products provide T at z, not theta !)
523	ztpot = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) + gamma_moist( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), zqair(:,:) ) * rn_zqt
524
525
526	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
527
528	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
529
530	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
531	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, & ! COARE v3.0
532	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
533	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1), &
534	& Tsk_b=tsk(:,:) )
535
536	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
537	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => calling "turb_coare3p0" WITH CSWL options!!!, nsec_day=', nsec_day
538	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.6
539	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
540	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1), &
541	& isecday_utc=nsec_day, plong=glamt(:,:) )
542
543	CASE( np_ECMWF )
544	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => calling "turb_ecmwf" WITH CSWL options!!!, nsec_day=', nsec_day
545	CALL turb_ecmwf ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, & ! ECMWF
546	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
547	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
548
549	CASE DEFAULT
550	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: unsuported bulk formula selection for "ln_skin_*==.true."' )
551	END SELECT
552
553	!! In the presence of sea-ice we forget about the cool-skin/warm-layer update of zst and zsq:
554	WHERE ( fr_i < 0.001_wp )
555	! zst and zsq have been updated by cool-skin/warm-layer scheme and we keep it!!!
556	zst(:,:) = zst(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
557	zsq(:,:) = zsq(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
558	ELSEWHERE
559	! we forget about the update...
560	zst(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) !LB: using what we backed up before skin-algo
561	zsq(:,:) = zqla(:,:) !LB: " " "
562	END WHERE
563
564	!LB: Update of tsk, the "official" array for skin temperature
565	tsk(:,:) = zst(:,:)
566
567	ELSE !IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl )
568
569
570	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
571	!
572	CASE( np_NCAR )
573	CALL turb_ncar ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, & ! NCAR-COREv2
574	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
575
576	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
577	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => calling "turb_coare3p0" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!'
578	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, & ! COARE v3.0
579	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
580
581	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
582	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => calling "turb_coare3p6" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!'
583	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.6
584	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
585
586	CASE( np_ECMWF )
587	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => calling "turb_ecmwf" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!'
588	CALL turb_ecmwf ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, & ! ECMWF
589	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
590
591	CASE DEFAULT
592	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: non-existing bulk formula selected' )
593	END SELECT
594
595	END IF ! IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl )
596
597
598
599
600	! ! Compute true air density :
601	IF( ABS(rn_zu - rn_zqt) > 0.01 ) THEN ! At zu: (probably useless to remove rhoagravrn_zu from SLP...)
602	rhoa(:,:) = rho_air( t_zu(:,:) , q_zu(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
603	ELSE ! At zt:
604	rhoa(:,:) = rho_air( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), zqair(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
605	END IF
606
607	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_oce", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
608	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_oce", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
609
610	DO jj = 1, jpj ! tau module, i and j component
611	DO ji = 1, jpi
612	zztmp = rhoa(ji,jj) * zU_zu(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) ! using bulk wind speed
613	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
614	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
615	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
616	END DO
617	END DO
618
619	! ! add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module
620	IF( lhftau ) taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
621
622	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
623
624	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
625	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
626	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
627	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
628	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
629	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
630	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
631	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
632	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
633	END DO
634	END DO
635	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau, 'U', -1., vtau, 'V', -1. )
636
637	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
638	! -----------------------------
639
640	! zqla used as temporary array, for rho*U (common term of bulk formulae):
641	zqla(:,:) = rhoa(:,:) * zU_zu(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
642
643	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
644	!! q_air and t_air are given at 10m (wind reference height)
645	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, zqla(:,:)Ce_atm(:,:)*(zsq(:,:) - zqair(:,:)) ) ! Evaporation, using bulk wind speed
646	zqsb (:,:) = cp_air(zqair(:,:))zqla(:,:)Ch_atm(:,:)*(zst(:,:) - ztpot(:,:) ) ! Sensible Heat, using bulk wind speed
647	ELSE
648	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
649	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
650	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, zqla(:,:)Ce_atm(:,:)*(zsq(:,:) - q_zu(:,:) ) ) ! Evaporation, using bulk wind speed
651	zqsb (:,:) = cp_air(zqair(:,:))zqla(:,:)Ch_atm(:,:)*(zst(:,:) - t_zu(:,:) ) ! Sensible Heat, using bulk wind speed
652	ENDIF
653
654	zqla(:,:) = L_vap(zst(:,:)) * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat flux
655
656
657	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
658	! III Net longwave radiative FLUX !
659	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
660
661	!! LB: now after Turbulent fluxes because must use the skin temperature rather that the SST ! (zst is skin temperature if ln_skin_cs==.TRUE. .OR. ln_skin_wl==.TRUE.)
662	zqlw(:,:) = emiss_w * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - stefanzst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1) ! Net radiative longwave flux
663
664
665	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
666	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce_atm , clinfo2=' Ce_oce : ' )
667	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch_atm , clinfo2=' Ch_oce : ' )
668	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
669	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zsq , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zsq : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
670	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
671	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ', mask2=vmask )
672	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce: wndm : ')
673	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zst : ')
674	ENDIF
675
676	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
677	! IV Total FLUXES !
678	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
679	!
680	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
681	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
682	!
683	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
684	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * rLfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
685	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST !LB??? pst is Celsius !?
686	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
687	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
688	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
689	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi
690	qns(:,:) = qns(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
691	!
692	#if defined key_si3
693	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by SI3)
694	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
695	#endif
696	!
697	!!#LB: NO WHY???? IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
698	CALL iom_put( "rho_air" , rhoa ) ! output air density (kg/m^3) !#LB
699	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
700	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
701	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
702	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
703	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
704	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
705	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
706	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
707	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
708	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow
709	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
710	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
711	CALL iom_put( "t_skin" , (zst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin in Celsius
712	CALL iom_put( "dt_skin" , (zst - pst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin - SST temperature difference...
713	END IF
714	!!#LB. ENDIF
715	!
716	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
717	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
718	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
719	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
720	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
721	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
722	ENDIF
723	!
724	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce
725
726
727
728	#if defined key_si3
729	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
730	!! 'key_si3' SI3 sea-ice model
731	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
732	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
733	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
734	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
735	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
736	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
737	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
738
739	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
740	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
741	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_tau *
742	!!
743	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
744	!!
745	!! ** Method : compute momentum using bulk formulation
746	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
747	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
748	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
749	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
750	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_f , zwndj_f, zwnorm_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
751	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
752	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
753	!
754	! set transfer coefficients to default sea-ice values
755	Cd_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
756	Ch_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
757	Ce_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
758
759	wndm_ice(:,:) = 0._wp !!gm brutal....
760
761	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
762	! Wind module relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
763	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
764	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
765	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
766	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
767	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
768	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
769	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
770	END DO
771	END DO
772	CALL lbc_lnk( 'sbcblk', wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
773	!
774	! Make ice-atm. drag dependent on ice concentration
775	IF ( ln_Cd_L12 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2012) equations
776	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd_atm )
777	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) ! momentum and heat transfer coef. are considered identical
778	ELSEIF( ln_Cd_L15 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2015) equations
779	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd_atm, Ch_atm )
780	ENDIF
781
782	!! CALL iom_put( "rCd_ice", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
783	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_ice", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
784
785	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
786
787	!!gm brutal....
788	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
789	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
790	!!gm end
791
792	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
793	! Wind stress relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
794	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
795	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
796	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
797	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
798	utau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
799	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
800	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
801	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
802	END DO
803	END DO
804	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau_ice, 'U', -1., vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
805	!
806	!
807	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
808	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
809	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: wndm_ice : ')
810	ENDIF
811	!
812	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
813
814
815	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx( ptsu, phs, phi, palb )
816	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
817	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_flx *
818	!!
819	!! ** Purpose : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
820	!!
821	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
822	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using bulk formulation
823	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
824	!!
825	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
826	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
827	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
828	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phs ! snow thickness
829	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phi ! ice thickness
830	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
831	!!
832	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
833	REAL(wp) :: zst3 ! local variable
834	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla ! - -
835	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_rLsub ! - -
836	REAL(wp) :: zfr1, zfr2 ! local variables
837	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z1_st ! inverse of surface temperature
838	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
839	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
840	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
841	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
842	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (SI3)
843	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
844	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
845	!
846	zcoef_dqlw = 4._wp * 0.95_wp * stefan ! local scalars
847	zcoef_dqla = -rLsub * 11637800._wp * (-5897.8_wp) !LB: BAD!
848	!
849
850	!LB:
851	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
852	CASE( np_humi_sph )
853	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
854	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
855	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => ICE !!! computing q_air out of d_air and slp !'
856	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
857	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
858	IF (lwp) PRINT , ' ** LB(sbcblk.F90) => ICE !!! computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !'
859	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
860	END SELECT
861	!LB.
862
863	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
864	WHERE( ptsu(:,:,:) /= 0._wp )
865	z1_st(:,:,:) = 1._wp / ptsu(:,:,:)
866	ELSEWHERE
867	z1_st(:,:,:) = 0._wp
868	END WHERE
869	! ! ========================== !
870	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
871	! ! ========================== !
872	DO jj = 1 , jpj
873	DO ji = 1, jpi
874	! ----------------------------!
875	! I Radiative FLUXES !
876	! ----------------------------!
877	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
878	! Short Wave (sw)
879	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
880	! Long Wave (lw)
881	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - stefan * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
882	! lw sensitivity
883	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
884
885	! ----------------------------!
886	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
887	! ----------------------------!
888
889	! ... turbulent heat fluxes with Ch_atm recalculated in blk_ice_tau
890	! Sensible Heat
891	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * (ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
892	! Latent Heat
893	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa(ji,jj) * rLsub * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
894	& ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa(ji,jj) - zqair(ji,jj) ) )
895	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
896	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
897	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
898	& z1_st(ji,jj,jl)z1_st(ji,jj,jl) EXP(-5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl))
899	ELSE
900	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
901	ENDIF
902
903	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
904	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
905
906	! ----------------------------!
907	! III Total FLUXES !
908	! ----------------------------!
909	! Downward Non Solar flux
910	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
911	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
912	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
913	END DO
914	!
915	END DO
916	!
917	END DO
918	!
919	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
920	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
921	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow precipitation
922	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
923
924	! --- evaporation --- !
925	z1_rLsub = 1._wp / rLsub
926	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! sublimation
927	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
928	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
929
930	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
931	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
932	CALL ice_thd_snwblow( (1.-at_i_b(:,:)), zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
933	emp_oce(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
934	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
935	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
936
937	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
938	qemp_oce(:,:) = - ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
939	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
940	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
941	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
942	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
943	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
944
945	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
946	qns_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) &
947	& + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
948	qsr_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
949
950	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
951	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhos * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
952
953	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) ---
954	DO jl = 1, jpl
955	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) )
956	! ! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0degC => evap=0
957	END DO
958
959	! --- shortwave radiation transmitted below the surface (W/m2, see Grenfell Maykut 77) --- !
960	zfr1 = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice ) ! transmission when hi>10cm
961	zfr2 = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice ) ! zfr2 such that zfr1 + zfr2 to equal 1
962	!
963	WHERE ( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) < 0.1_wp ) ! linear decrease from hi=0 to 10cm
964	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * ( zfr1 + zfr2 * ( 1._wp - phi(:,:,:) * 10._wp ) )
965	ELSEWHERE( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) >= 0.1_wp ) ! constant (zfr1) when hi>10cm
966	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * zfr1
967	ELSEWHERE ! zero when hs>0
968	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = 0._wp
969	END WHERE
970	!
971	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
972	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
973	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
974	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
975	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
976	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
977	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
978	ENDIF
979	!
980	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx
981
982
983	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn( ld_virtual_itd, ptsu, ptb, phs, phi )
984	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
985	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_qcn *
986	!!
987	!! ** Purpose : Compute surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux
988	!! to force sea ice / snow thermodynamics
989	!! in the case conduction flux is emulated
990	!!
991	!! ** Method : compute surface energy balance assuming neglecting heat storage
992	!! following the 0-layer Semtner (1976) approach
993	!!
994	!! ** Outputs : - ptsu : sea-ice / snow surface temperature (K)
995	!! - qcn_ice : surface inner conduction flux (W/m2)
996	!!
997	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
998	LOGICAL , INTENT(in ) :: ld_virtual_itd ! single-category option
999	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(inout) :: ptsu ! sea ice / snow surface temperature
1000	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: ptb ! sea ice base temperature
1001	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phs ! snow thickness
1002	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phi ! sea ice thickness
1003	!
1004	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nit = 10 ! number of iterations
1005	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zepsilon = 0.1_wp ! characteristic thickness for enhanced conduction
1006	!
1007	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
1008	INTEGER :: iter ! local integer
1009	REAL(wp) :: zfac, zfac2, zfac3 ! local scalars
1010	REAL(wp) :: zkeff_h, ztsu, ztsu0 !
1011	REAL(wp) :: zqc, zqnet !
1012	REAL(wp) :: zhe, zqa0 !
1013	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: zgfac ! enhanced conduction factor
1014	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
1015
1016	! -------------------------------------!
1017	! I Enhanced conduction factor !
1018	! -------------------------------------!
1019	! Emulates the enhancement of conduction by unresolved thin ice (ld_virtual_itd = T)
1020	! Fichefet and Morales Maqueda, JGR 1997
1021	!
1022	zgfac(:,:,:) = 1._wp
1023
1024	IF( ld_virtual_itd ) THEN
1025	!
1026	zfac = 1._wp / ( rn_cnd_s + rcnd_i )
1027	zfac2 = EXP(1._wp) * 0.5_wp * zepsilon
1028	zfac3 = 2._wp / zepsilon
1029	!
1030	DO jl = 1, jpl
1031	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1032	DO ji = 1, jpi
1033	zhe = ( rn_cnd_s * phi(ji,jj,jl) + rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zfac ! Effective thickness
1034	IF( zhe >= zfac2 ) zgfac(ji,jj,jl) = MIN( 2._wp, 0.5_wp * ( 1._wp + LOG( zhe * zfac3 ) ) ) ! Enhanced conduction factor
1035	END DO
1036	END DO
1037	END DO
1038	!
1039	ENDIF
1040
1041	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1042	! II Surface temperature and conduction flux !
1043	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1044	!
1045	zfac = rcnd_i * rn_cnd_s
1046	!
1047	DO jl = 1, jpl
1048	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1049	DO ji = 1, jpi
1050	!
1051	zkeff_h = zfac * zgfac(ji,jj,jl) / & ! Effective conductivity of the snow-ice system divided by thickness
1052	& ( rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) + rn_cnd_s * MAX( 0.01, phi(ji,jj,jl) ) )
1053	ztsu = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store current iteration temperature
1054	ztsu0 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store initial surface temperature
1055	zqa0 = qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) ! Net initial atmospheric heat flux
1056	!
1057	DO iter = 1, nit ! --- Iterative loop
1058	zqc = zkeff_h * ( ztsu - ptb(ji,jj) ) ! Conduction heat flux through snow-ice system (>0 downwards)
1059	zqnet = zqa0 + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ztsu - ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) - zqc ! Surface energy budget
1060	ztsu = ztsu - zqnet / ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - zkeff_h ) ! Temperature update
1061	END DO
1062	!
1063	ptsu (ji,jj,jl) = MIN( rt0, ztsu )
1064	qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zkeff_h * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ptb(ji,jj) )
1065	qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 )
1066	qml_ice(ji,jj,jl) = ( qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) ) &
1067	& * MAX( 0._wp , SIGN( 1._wp, ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - rt0 ) )
1068
1069	! --- Diagnose the heat loss due to changing non-solar flux (as in icethd_zdf_bl99) --- !
1070	hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) = hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) - ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 ) ) * a_i_b(ji,jj,jl)
1071
1072	END DO
1073	END DO
1074	!
1075	END DO
1076	!
1077	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn
1078
1079
1080	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd )
1081	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1082	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012 *
1083	!!
1084	!! ** Purpose : Recompute the neutral air-ice drag referenced at 10m
1085	!! to make it dependent on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows.
1086	!! After some approximations, this can be resumed to a dependency
1087	!! on ice concentration.
1088	!!
1089	!! ** Method : The parameterization is taken from Lupkes et al. (2012) eq.(50)
1090	!! with the highest level of approximation: level4, eq.(59)
1091	!! The generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice can be re-written as follows:
1092	!!
1093	!! Cd = Cdw * (1-A) + Cdi * A + Ce * (1-A)*(nu+1/(10beta)) * A**mu
1094	!!
1095	!! Ce = 2.23e-3 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1096	!! nu = mu = beta = 1 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1097	!! A is the concentration of ice minus melt ponds (if any)
1098	!!
1099	!! This new drag has a parabolic shape (as a function of A) starting at
1100	!! Cdw(say 1.5e-3) for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A~0.5
1101	!! and going down to Cdi(say 1.4e-3) for A=1
1102	!!
1103	!! It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ)
1104	!! => see Lupkes et al (2013)
1105	!!
1106	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2012 (theory)
1107	!! Lupkes et al. GRL 2013 (application to GCM)
1108	!!
1109	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1110	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1111	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zCe = 2.23e-03_wp
1112	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: znu = 1._wp
1113	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zmu = 1._wp
1114	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1._wp
1115	REAL(wp) :: zcoef
1116	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1117	zcoef = znu + 1._wp / ( 10._wp * zbeta )
1118
1119	! generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice
1120	!!Cd(:,:) = Cd_oce(:,:) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) + & ! pure ocean drag
1121	!! & rCd_ice * at_i_b(:,:) + & ! pure ice drag
1122	!! & zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**zmu ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1123
1124	! ice-atm drag
1125	Cd(:,:) = rCd_ice + & ! pure ice drag
1126	& zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**(zmu-1._wp) ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1127
1128	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012
1129
1130
1131	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd, Ch )
1132	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1133	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015 *
1134	!!
1135	!! ** pUrpose : Alternative turbulent transfert coefficients formulation
1136	!! between sea-ice and atmosphere with distinct momentum
1137	!! and heat coefficients depending on sea-ice concentration
1138	!! and atmospheric stability (no meltponds effect for now).
1139	!!
1140	!! ** Method : The parameterization is adapted from Lupkes et al. (2015)
1141	!! and ECHAM6 atmospheric model. Compared to Lupkes2012 scheme,
1142	!! it considers specific skin and form drags (Andreas et al. 2010)
1143	!! to compute neutral transfert coefficients for both heat and
1144	!! momemtum fluxes. Atmospheric stability effect on transfert
1145	!! coefficient is also taken into account following Louis (1979).
1146	!!
1147	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2015 (theory)
1148	!! Lupkes et al. ECHAM6 documentation 2015 (implementation)
1149	!!
1150	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1151	!
1152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Ch
1154	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztm_su, zst, zqo_sat, zqi_sat
1155	!
1156	! ECHAM6 constants
1157	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_skin_ice = 0.69e-3_wp ! Eq. 43 [m]
1158	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_form_ice = 0.57e-3_wp ! Eq. 42 [m]
1159	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_ice = 1.00e-3_wp ! Eq. 15 [m]
1160	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zce10 = 2.80e-3_wp ! Eq. 41
1161	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1.1_wp ! Eq. 41
1162	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc = 5._wp ! Eq. 13
1163	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc2 = zc * zc
1164	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zam = 2. * zc ! Eq. 14
1165	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zah = 3. * zc ! Eq. 30
1166	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alpha = 1._wp / 0.2_wp ! Eq. 51
1167	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alphaf = z1_alpha ! Eq. 56
1168	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbetah = 1.e-3_wp ! Eq. 26
1169	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zgamma = 1.25_wp ! Eq. 26
1170	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_gamma = 1._wp / zgamma
1171	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: r1_3 = 1._wp / 3._wp
1172	!
1173	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
1174	REAL(wp) :: zthetav_os, zthetav_is, zthetav_zu
1175	REAL(wp) :: zrib_o, zrib_i
1176	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_skin_ice, zCdn_form_ice, zCdn_ice
1177	REAL(wp) :: zChn_skin_ice, zChn_form_ice
1178	REAL(wp) :: z0w, z0i, zfmi, zfmw, zfhi, zfhw
1179	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_form_tmp
1180	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1181
1182	! mean temperature
1183	WHERE( at_i_b(:,:) > 1.e-20 )
1184	ztm_su(:,:) = SUM( t_su(:,:,:) * a_i_b(:,:,:) , dim=3 ) / at_i_b(:,:)
1185	ELSEWHERE
1186	ztm_su(:,:) = rt0
1187	ENDWHERE
1188
1189	! Momentum Neutral Transfert Coefficients (should be a constant)
1190	zCdn_form_tmp = zce10 * ( LOG( 10._wp / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) / LOG( rn_zu / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 40
1191	zCdn_skin_ice = ( vkarmn / LOG( rn_zu / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 7
1192	zCdn_ice = zCdn_skin_ice ! Eq. 7 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1193	!zCdn_ice = 1.89e-3 ! old ECHAM5 value (cf Eq. 32)
1194
1195	! Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1196	zChn_skin_ice = vkarmn*2 / ( LOG( rn_zu / z0_ice + 1._wp ) LOG( rn_zu * z1_alpha / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) ) ! Eq. 50 + Eq. 52 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1197
1198	! Atmospheric and Surface Variables
1199	zst(:,:) = sst_m(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin
1200	zqo_sat(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1201	zqi_sat(:,:) = q_sat( ztm_su(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg] !LB: no 0.98 !!(rdct_qsat_salt)
1202	!
1203	DO jj = 2, jpjm1 ! reduced loop is necessary for reproducibility
1204	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1
1205	! Virtual potential temperature [K]
1206	zthetav_os = zst(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqo_sat(ji,jj) ) ! over ocean
1207	zthetav_is = ztm_su(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqi_sat(ji,jj) ) ! ocean ice
1208	zthetav_zu = t_zu (ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * q_zu(ji,jj) ) ! at zu
1209
1210	! Bulk Richardson Number (could use Ri_bulk function from aerobulk instead)
1211	zrib_o = grav / zthetav_os * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_os ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ocean
1212	zrib_i = grav / zthetav_is * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_is ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm_ice(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ice
1213
1214	! Momentum and Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1215	zCdn_form_ice = zCdn_form_tmp * at_i_b(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) )**zbeta ! Eq. 40
1216	zChn_form_ice = zCdn_form_ice / ( 1._wp + ( LOG( z1_alphaf ) / vkarmn ) * SQRT( zCdn_form_ice ) ) ! Eq. 53
1217
1218	! Momentum and Heat Stability functions (possibility to use psi_m_ecmwf instead)
1219	z0w = rn_zu * EXP( -1._wp * vkarmn / SQRT( Cdn_oce(ji,jj) ) ) ! over water
1220	z0i = z0_skin_ice ! over ice (cf Lupkes email for details)
1221	IF( zrib_o <= 0._wp ) THEN
1222	zfmw = 1._wp - zam * zrib_o / ( 1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * Cdn_oce(ji,jj) * SQRT( -zrib_o * ( rn_zu / z0w + 1._wp ) ) ) ! Eq. 10
1223	zfhw = ( 1._wp + ( zbetah * ( zthetav_os - zthetav_zu )*r1_3 / ( Chn_oce(ji,jj) MAX(0.01, wndm(ji,jj)) ) & ! Eq. 26
1224	& )zgamma )z1_gamma
1225	ELSE
1226	zfmw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 12
1227	zfhw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 28
1228	ENDIF
1229
1230	IF( zrib_i <= 0._wp ) THEN
1231	zfmi = 1._wp - zam * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 9
1232	zfhi = 1._wp - zah * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 25
1233	ELSE
1234	zfmi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 11
1235	zfhi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 27
1236	ENDIF
1237
1238	! Momentum Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 38)
1239	Cd(ji,jj) = zCdn_skin_ice * zfmi + &
1240	& zCdn_form_ice * ( zfmi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfmw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1241
1242	! Heat Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 49)
1243	Ch(ji,jj) = zChn_skin_ice * zfhi + &
1244	& zChn_form_ice * ( zfhi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfhw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1245	!
1246	END DO
1247	END DO
1248	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', Cd, 'T', 1., Ch, 'T', 1. )
1249	!
1250	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015
1251
1252	#endif
1253
1254	!!======================================================================
1255	END MODULE sbcblk

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