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sbcblk.F90 in NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC – NEMO

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source: NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC/sbcblk.F90 @ 11845

Last change on this file since 11845 was 11841, checked in by laurent, 4 years ago
Better use of function "bulk_formula()" (in sbcblk_phy.F90)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 70.9 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!! Aerodynamic Bulk Formulas
6	!! SUCCESSOR OF "sbcblk_core"
7	!!=====================================================================
8	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original CORE code
9	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) improved CORE bulk and its user interface
10	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
11	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core
12	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
13	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
14	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
15	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
16	!! 4.0 ! 2016-06 (L. Brodeau) sbcblk_core becomes sbcblk and is not restricted to the CORE algorithm anymore
17	!! ! ==> based on AeroBulk (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk/)
18	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (G. Madec) introduce a sbc_blk_init routine
19	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (M. Vancoppenolle) Introduce conduction flux emulator (M. Vancoppenolle)
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21
22	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
23	!! sbc_blk_init : initialisation of the chosen bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
24	!! sbc_blk : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
25	!! blk_oce : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
26	!! sea-ice case only :
27	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
28	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
29	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
30	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
31	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
32	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
33	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
34	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
35	USE phycst ! physical constants
36	USE fldread ! read input fields
37	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
38	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
39	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
40	USE sbcwave , ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
41	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
42	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
43	#if defined key_si3
44	USE ice , ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, a_i_b, at_i_b, t_su, rn_cnd_s, hfx_err_dif
45	USE icethd_dh ! for CALL ice_thd_snwblow
46	#endif
47	USE sbcblk_algo_ncar ! => turb_ncar : NCAR - CORE (Large & Yeager, 2009)
48	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p0 ! => turb_coare3p0 : COAREv3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
49	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p6 ! => turb_coare3p6 : COAREv3.6 (Fairall et al. 2018 + Edson et al. 2013)
50	USE sbcblk_algo_ecmwf ! => turb_ecmwf : ECMWF (IFS cycle 45r1)
51	!
52	USE iom ! I/O manager library
53	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
54	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
55	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
56	USE prtctl ! Print control
57
58	USE sbcblk_phy !LB: all thermodynamics functions in the marine boundary layer, rho_air, q_sat, etc...
59
60
61	IMPLICIT NONE
62	PRIVATE
63
64	PUBLIC sbc_blk_init ! called in sbcmod
65	PUBLIC sbc_blk ! called in sbcmod
66	#if defined key_si3
67	PUBLIC blk_ice_tau ! routine called in icesbc
68	PUBLIC blk_ice_flx ! routine called in icesbc
69	PUBLIC blk_ice_qcn ! routine called in icesbc
70	#endif
71
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld =10 ! maximum number of files to read
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
75	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 3 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
76	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
77	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 5 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
78	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 6 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
79	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
80	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
81	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_slp = 9 ! index of sea level pressure (Pa)
82	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif =10 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
83
84	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
85
86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_blk : bulk parameters
87	LOGICAL :: ln_NCAR ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
88	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p0 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
89	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p6 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
90	LOGICAL :: ln_ECMWF ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
91	!
92	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation
95	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress
96	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
97	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
98	!!gm ref namelist initialize it so remove the setting to false below
99	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L12 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2012)
100	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L15 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2015)
101	!
102	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Cd_atm ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
103	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ch_atm ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
104	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ce_atm ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
105	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: t_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
106	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: q_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
107	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce ! needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme
108
109	!LB:
110	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_cs ! use the cool-skin (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
111	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_wl ! use the warm-layer parameterization (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
112	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_sph ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is specific humidity [kg/kg] if .true. !LB
113	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_dpt ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is dew-point temperature [K] if .true. !LB
114	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_rlh ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is relative humidity [%] if .true. !LB
115	!
116	INTEGER :: nhumi ! choice of the bulk algorithm
117	! ! associated indices:
118	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_sph = 1
119	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_dpt = 2
120	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_rlh = 3
121	!LB.
122
123	INTEGER :: nblk ! choice of the bulk algorithm
124	! ! associated indices:
125	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_NCAR = 1 ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
126	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p0 = 2 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
127	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p6 = 3 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
128	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_ECMWF = 4 ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
129
130	!! * Substitutions
131	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
132	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
133	!! NEMO/OCE 4.0 , NEMO Consortium (2018)
134	!! $Id$
135	!! Software governed by the CeCILL license (see ./LICENSE)
136	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
137	CONTAINS
138
139	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc()
140	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
141	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_alloc *
142	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
143	ALLOCATE( Cd_atm (jpi,jpj), Ch_atm (jpi,jpj), Ce_atm (jpi,jpj), t_zu(jpi,jpj), q_zu(jpi,jpj), &
144	& cdn_oce(jpi,jpj), chn_oce(jpi,jpj), cen_oce(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_alloc )
145	!
146	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_alloc )
147	IF( sbc_blk_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
148	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc
149
150	!LB:
151	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_cswl_alloc()
152	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
153	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_cswl_alloc *
154	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
155	!WRITE(numout,) '** LB: allocating tsk!'
156	ALLOCATE( tsk(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_cswl_alloc )
157	!WRITE(numout,) '** LB: done!'
158	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_cswl_alloc )
159	IF( sbc_blk_cswl_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_cswl_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
160	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_cswl_alloc
161	!LB.
162
163
164	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
165	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
166	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_init *
167	!!
168	!! ** Purpose : choose and initialize a bulk formulae formulation
169	!!
170	!! ** Method :
171	!!
172	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
173	INTEGER :: ifpr, jfld ! dummy loop indice and argument
174	INTEGER :: ios, ierror, ioptio ! Local integer
175	!!
176	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of atmospheric forcing files
177	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
178	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
179	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
180	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_slp , sn_tdif ! " "
181	NAMELIST/namsbc_blk/ sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr, sn_qlw , & ! input fields
182	& sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_slp, sn_tdif, &
183	& ln_NCAR, ln_COARE_3p0, ln_COARE_3p6, ln_ECMWF, & ! bulk algorithm
184	& cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, &
185	& rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, ln_Cd_L12, ln_Cd_L15, &
186	& ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, ln_humi_sph, ln_humi_dpt, ln_humi_rlh ! cool-skin / warm-layer !LB
187	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
188	!
189	! ! allocate sbc_blk_core array
190	IF( sbc_blk_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
191	!
192	! !** read bulk namelist
193	REWIND( numnam_ref ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in reference namelist : bulk parameters
194	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
195	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in reference namelist' )
196	!
197	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in configuration namelist : bulk parameters
198	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
199	902 IF( ios > 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in configuration namelist' )
200	!
201	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_blk )
202	!
203	! !** initialization of the chosen bulk formulae (+ check)
204	! !* select the bulk chosen in the namelist and check the choice
205	ioptio = 0
206	IF( ln_NCAR ) THEN
207	nblk = np_NCAR ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
208	ENDIF
209	IF( ln_COARE_3p0 ) THEN
210	nblk = np_COARE_3p0 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
211	ENDIF
212	IF( ln_COARE_3p6 ) THEN
213	nblk = np_COARE_3p6 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
214	ENDIF
215	IF( ln_ECMWF ) THEN
216	nblk = np_ECMWF ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
217	ENDIF
218	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one bulk algorithm' )
219
220
221
222	!LB:
223	! !** initialization of the cool-skin / warm-layer parametrization
224	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
225	IF ( ln_NCAR ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Cool-skin/warm-layer param. not compatible with NCAR algorithm!' )
226	! ! allocate array(s) for cool-skin/warm-layer param.
227	IF( sbc_blk_cswl_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
228	END IF
229	!
230	ioptio = 0
231	IF( ln_humi_sph ) THEN
232	nhumi = np_humi_sph ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
233	ENDIF
234	IF( ln_humi_dpt ) THEN
235	nhumi = np_humi_dpt ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
236	ENDIF
237	IF( ln_humi_rlh ) THEN
238	nhumi = np_humi_rlh ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
239	ENDIF
240	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one type of air humidity' )
241	!LB.
242
243	!
244	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN !* check: diurnal cycle on Qsr
245	IF( sn_qsr%freqh /= 24. ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T only with daily short-wave input' )
246	IF( sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
247	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T daily qsr time interpolation done by sbcdcy module', &
248	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
249	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
250	ENDIF
251	ENDIF
252	! !* set the bulk structure
253	! !- store namelist information in an array
254	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
255	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
256	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
257	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
258	slf_i(jp_slp) = sn_slp ; slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
259	!
260	lhftau = ln_taudif !- add an extra field if HF stress is used
261	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT.lhftau/) )
262	!
263	! !- allocate the bulk structure
264	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror )
265	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_init: unable to allocate sf structure' )
266	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
267	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
268	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
269	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%freqh > 0. .AND. MOD( NINT(3600. * slf_i(ifpr)%freqh), nn_fsbc * NINT(rdt) ) /= 0 ) &
270	& CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: sbcmod timestep rdt*nn_fsbc is NOT a submultiple of atmospheric forcing frequency.', &
271	& ' This is not ideal. You should consider changing either rdt or nn_fsbc value...' )
272
273	END DO
274	! !- fill the bulk structure with namelist informations
275	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_init', 'surface boundary condition -- bulk formulae', 'namsbc_blk' )
276	!
277	IF ( ln_wave ) THEN
278	!Activated wave module but neither drag nor stokes drift activated
279	IF ( .NOT.(ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) ) THEN
280	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'Ask for wave coupling but ln_cdgw=F, ln_sdw=F, ln_tauwoc=F, ln_stcor=F' )
281	!drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core
282	ELSEIF (ln_cdgw .AND. .NOT. ln_NCAR ) THEN
283	CALL ctl_stop( 'drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with NCAR and CORE bulk formulae')
284	ELSEIF (ln_stcor .AND. .NOT. ln_sdw) THEN
285	CALL ctl_stop( 'Stokes-Coriolis term calculated only if activated Stokes Drift ln_sdw=T')
286	ENDIF
287	ELSE
288	IF ( ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) &
289	& CALL ctl_stop( 'Not Activated Wave Module (ln_wave=F) but asked coupling ', &
290	& 'with drag coefficient (ln_cdgw =T) ' , &
291	& 'or Stokes Drift (ln_sdw=T) ' , &
292	& 'or ocean stress modification due to waves (ln_tauwoc=T) ', &
293	& 'or Stokes-Coriolis term (ln_stcori=T)' )
294	ENDIF
295	!
296	!
297	IF(lwp) THEN !** Control print
298	!
299	WRITE(numout,) ! namelist
300	WRITE(numout,*) ' Namelist namsbc_blk (other than data information):'
301	WRITE(numout,*) ' "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008) ln_NCAR = ', ln_NCAR
302	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003) ln_COARE_3p0 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
303	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018 + Edson al 2013)ln_COARE_3p6 = ', ln_COARE_3p6
304	WRITE(numout,*) ' "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1) ln_ECMWF = ', ln_ECMWF
305	WRITE(numout,*) ' add High freq.contribution to the stress module ln_taudif = ', ln_taudif
306	WRITE(numout,*) ' Air temperature and humidity reference height (m) rn_zqt = ', rn_zqt
307	WRITE(numout,*) ' Wind vector reference height (m) rn_zu = ', rn_zu
308	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on precipitation (total & snow) rn_pfac = ', rn_pfac
309	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on evaporation rn_efac = ', rn_efac
310	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on ocean/ice velocity rn_vfac = ', rn_vfac
311	WRITE(numout,*) ' (form absolute (=0) to relative winds(=1))'
312	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2012 ln_Cd_L12 = ', ln_Cd_L12
313	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2015 ln_Cd_L15 = ', ln_Cd_L15
314	!
315	WRITE(numout,*)
316	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !* Print the choice of bulk algorithm
317	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)'
318	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)'
319	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018+Edson et al. 2013)'
320	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)'
321	END SELECT
322	!
323	WRITE(numout,*)
324	WRITE(numout,*) ' use cool-skin parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_cs = ', ln_skin_cs !LB
325	WRITE(numout,*) ' use warm-layer parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_wl = ', ln_skin_wl !LB
326	!
327	!LB:
328	WRITE(numout,*)
329	SELECT CASE( nhumi ) !* Print the choice of air humidity
330	CASE( np_humi_sph ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is SPECIFIC HUMIDITY [kg/kg]'
331	CASE( np_humi_dpt ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE [K]'
332	CASE( np_humi_rlh ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is RELATIVE HUMIDITY [%]'
333	END SELECT
334	!LB.
335	!
336	ENDIF
337	!
338	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
339
340
341	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk( kt )
342	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
343	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk *
344	!!
345	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
346	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
347	!!
348	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
349	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
350	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
351	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
352	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
353	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
354	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
355	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
356	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
357	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
358	!! (2) CALL blk_oce
359	!!
360	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
361	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
362	!!
363	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
364	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
365	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
366	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
367	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
368	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
369	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
370	!!
371	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
372	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
373	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
374	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
375	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
376	!
377	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
378	!
379	IF( kt == nit000 ) tsk(:,:) = sst_m(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) ! no previous estimate of skin temperature => using bulk SST
380	!
381	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m ) ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using bulk formulea
382
383	#if defined key_cice
384	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
385	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(:,:,1)
386	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
387	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
388	ELSE
389	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
390	ENDIF
391	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
392	!LB:
393	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
394	CASE( np_humi_sph )
395	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
396	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
397	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
398	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
399	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1)) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
400	END SELECT
401	!LB.
402	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
403	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
404	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
405	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
406	ENDIF
407	#endif
408	!
409	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk
410
411
412	SUBROUTINE blk_oce( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
413	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
414	!! * ROUTINE blk_oce *
415	!!
416	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
417	!! the ocean surface at each time step
418	!!
419	!! ** Method : bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
420	!! fields read in sbc_read
421	!!
422	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
423	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
424	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
425	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
426	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
427	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
428	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
429	!!
430	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
431	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
432	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
433	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
434	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
435	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
436	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
437	!
438	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
439	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! local variable
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zsq ! specific humidity at pst [kg/kg]
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zU_zu ! bulk wind speed at height zu [m/s]
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztpot ! potential temperature of air at z=rn_zqt [K]
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
448	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
449	!
450	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
451	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
452
453	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
454	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
455	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
456
457	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
458	!!gm move zwnd_i (_j) set to zero inside the key_cyclone ???
459	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0._wp
460	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0._wp
461	#if defined key_cyclone
462	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
463	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
464	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
465	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
466	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
467	END DO
468	END DO
469	#endif
470	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
471	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
472	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
473	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
474	END DO
475	END DO
476	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', zwnd_i, 'T', -1., zwnd_j, 'T', -1. )
477	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
478	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
479	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
480
481	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
482	! I Solar FLUX !
483	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
484
485	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
486	zztmp = 1. - albo
487	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
488	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
489	ELSE
490	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
491	ENDIF
492
493
494	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
495	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
496	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
497
498	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST tmask(
499	zsq(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
500
501	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
502	zqsb(:,:) = zst(:,:) !LB: using array zqsb to backup original zst before skin action
503	zqla(:,:) = zsq(:,:) !LB: using array zqla to backup original zsq before skin action
504	END IF
505
506	!LB:
507	! zqair = specific humidity of air at "rn_zqt" m above thes sea:
508	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
509	CASE( np_humi_sph )
510	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
511	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
512	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
513	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
514	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
515	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
516	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
517	END SELECT
518	!LB.
519
520	!! Estimate of potential temperature at z=rn_zqt, based on adiabatic lapse-rate
521	!! (see Josey, Gulev & Yu, 2013) / doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00005-2
522	!! (since reanalysis products provide absolute temperature "T" at z, not theta !)
523	ztpot = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) + gamma_moist( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), zqair(:,:) ) * rn_zqt
524
525
526	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
527
528	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
529
530	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
531	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p0" WITH CSWL options!!!, gdept_1d(1)=', gdept_1d(1) !LBrm
532	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.0
533	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
534	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
535
536	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
537	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p6" WITH CSWL options!!!, gdept_1d(1)=', gdept_1d(1) !LBrm
538	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.6
539	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
540	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
541
542	CASE( np_ECMWF )
543	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_ecmwf" WITH CSWL options!!!, gdept_1d(1)=', gdept_1d(1) !LBrm
544	CALL turb_ecmwf ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, & ! ECMWF
545	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
546	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
547
548	CASE DEFAULT
549	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: unsuported bulk formula selection for "ln_skin_*==.true."' )
550	END SELECT
551
552	!! In the presence of sea-ice we forget about the cool-skin/warm-layer update of zst and zsq:
553	WHERE ( fr_i < 0.001_wp )
554	! zst and zsq have been updated by cool-skin/warm-layer scheme and we keep it!!!
555	zst(:,:) = zst(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
556	zsq(:,:) = zsq(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
557	ELSEWHERE
558	! we forget about the update...
559	zst(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) !LB: using what we backed up before skin-algo
560	zsq(:,:) = zqla(:,:) !LB: " " "
561	END WHERE
562
563	!LB: Update of tsk, the "official" array for skin temperature
564	tsk(:,:) = zst(:,:)
565
566	ELSE !IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl )
567
568
569	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
570	!
571	CASE( np_NCAR )
572	CALL turb_ncar ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, & ! NCAR-COREv2
573	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
574
575	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
576	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p0" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!' !LBrm
577	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.0
578	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
579
580	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
581	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p6" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!' !LBrm
582	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.6
583	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
584
585	CASE( np_ECMWF )
586	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_ecmwf" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!' !LBrm
587	CALL turb_ecmwf ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, & ! ECMWF
588	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
589
590	CASE DEFAULT
591	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: non-existing bulk formula selected' )
592	END SELECT
593
594	END IF ! IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl )
595
596	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_oce", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
597	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_oce", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
598
599	IF( ABS(rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.1_wp ) THEN
600	!! If zu == zt, then ensuring once for all that:
601	t_zu(:,:) = ztpot(:,:)
602	q_zu(:,:) = zqair(:,:)
603	END IF
604
605
606	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean => BULK_FORMULA @ sbcblk_phy.F90
607	! -------------------------------------------------------------
608
609	CALL BULK_FORMULA( rn_zu, zst(:,:), zsq(:,:), t_zu(:,:), q_zu(:,:), Cd_atm(:,:), Ch_atm(:,:), Ce_atm(:,:), &
610	& wndm(:,:), zU_zu(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1), &
611	& taum(:,:), zqsb(:,:), zqla(:,:), &
612	& pEvap=zevap(:,:), prhoa=rhoa(:,:) )
613
614	zqla(:,:) = zqla(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
615	zqsb(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
616	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
617	zevap(:,:) = zevap(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
618
619	! Tau i and j component on T-grid points, using array "Cd_atm" as a temporary array...
620	Cd_atm = 0._wp
621	WHERE ( wndm > 0._wp ) Cd_atm = taum / wndm
622	zwnd_i = Cd_atm * zwnd_i
623	zwnd_j = Cd_atm * zwnd_j
624	!DO jj = 1, jpj ! tau i and j component on T-grid points
625	! DO ji = 1, jpi
626	! zztmp = taum(ji,jj) / MAX( wndm(ji,jj) , 0.01_wp )
627	! zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
628	! zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
629	! END DO
630	!END DO
631	! ! add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module
632	IF( lhftau ) taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
633
634	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
635
636	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
637	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
638	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
639	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
640	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
641	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
642	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
643	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
644	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
645	END DO
646	END DO
647	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau, 'U', -1., vtau, 'V', -1. )
648
649
650	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
651	! III Net longwave radiative FLUX !
652	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
653
654	!! LB: now moved after Turbulent fluxes because must use the skin temperature rather that the SST ! (zst is skin temperature if ln_skin_cs==.TRUE. .OR. ln_skin_wl==.TRUE.)
655	zqlw(:,:) = emiss_w * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - stefanzst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1) ! Net radiative longwave flux
656
657
658	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
659	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zevap , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zevap : ') !LB
660	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce_atm , clinfo2=' Ce_oce : ' )
661	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch_atm , clinfo2=' Ch_oce : ' )
662	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
663	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zsq , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zsq : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
664	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
665	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ', mask2=vmask )
666	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce: wndm : ')
667	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zst : ')
668	ENDIF
669
670	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
671	! IV Total FLUXES !
672	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
673	!
674	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
675	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
676	!
677	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
678	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * rLfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
679	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST !LB??? pst is Celsius !?
680	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
681	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
682	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
683	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi
684	qns(:,:) = qns(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
685	!
686	#if defined key_si3
687	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by SI3)
688	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
689	#endif
690	!
691	!!#LB: NO WHY???? IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
692	CALL iom_put( "rho_air" , rhoa ) ! output air density (kg/m^3) !#LB
693	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
694	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
695	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
696	CALL iom_put( "evap_oce" , zevap ) ! evaporation
697	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce" , qns-zqlw-zqsb-zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
698	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
699	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
700	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
701	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
702	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
703	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow
704	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
705	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
706	CALL iom_put( "t_skin" , (zst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin in Celsius
707	CALL iom_put( "dt_skin" , (zst - pst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin - SST temperature difference...
708	END IF
709	!!#LB. ENDIF
710	!
711	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
712	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
713	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
714	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
715	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
716	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
717	ENDIF
718	!
719	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce
720
721
722
723	#if defined key_si3
724	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
725	!! 'key_si3' SI3 sea-ice model
726	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
727	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
728	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
729	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
730	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
731	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
732	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
733
734	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
735	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
736	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_tau *
737	!!
738	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
739	!!
740	!! ** Method : compute momentum using bulk formulation
741	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
742	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
743	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
744	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
745	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_f , zwndj_f, zwnorm_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
746	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
747	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
748	!
749	! set transfer coefficients to default sea-ice values
750	Cd_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
751	Ch_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
752	Ce_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
753
754	wndm_ice(:,:) = 0._wp !!gm brutal....
755
756	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
757	! Wind module relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
758	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
759	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
760	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
761	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
762	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
763	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
764	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
765	END DO
766	END DO
767	CALL lbc_lnk( 'sbcblk', wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
768	!
769	! Make ice-atm. drag dependent on ice concentration
770	IF ( ln_Cd_L12 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2012) equations
771	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd_atm )
772	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) ! momentum and heat transfer coef. are considered identical
773	ELSEIF( ln_Cd_L15 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2015) equations
774	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd_atm, Ch_atm )
775	ENDIF
776
777	!! CALL iom_put( "rCd_ice", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
778	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_ice", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
779
780	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
781
782	!!gm brutal....
783	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
784	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
785	!!gm end
786
787	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
788	! Wind stress relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
789	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
790	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
791	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
792	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
793	utau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
794	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
795	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
796	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
797	END DO
798	END DO
799	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau_ice, 'U', -1., vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
800	!
801	!
802	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
803	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
804	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: wndm_ice : ')
805	ENDIF
806	!
807	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
808
809
810	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx( ptsu, phs, phi, palb )
811	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
812	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_flx *
813	!!
814	!! ** Purpose : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
815	!!
816	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
817	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using bulk formulation
818	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
819	!!
820	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
821	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
822	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
823	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phs ! snow thickness
824	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phi ! ice thickness
825	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
826	!!
827	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
828	REAL(wp) :: zst3 ! local variable
829	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla ! - -
830	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_rLsub ! - -
831	REAL(wp) :: zfr1, zfr2 ! local variables
832	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z1_st ! inverse of surface temperature
833	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
834	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
835	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
836	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
837	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (SI3)
838	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
839	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
840	!
841	zcoef_dqlw = 4._wp * 0.95_wp * stefan ! local scalars
842	zcoef_dqla = -rLsub * 11637800._wp * (-5897.8_wp) !LB: BAD!
843	!
844
845	!LB:
846	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
847	CASE( np_humi_sph )
848	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
849	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
850	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
851	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
852	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
853	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
854	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
855	END SELECT
856	!LB.
857
858	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
859	WHERE( ptsu(:,:,:) /= 0._wp )
860	z1_st(:,:,:) = 1._wp / ptsu(:,:,:)
861	ELSEWHERE
862	z1_st(:,:,:) = 0._wp
863	END WHERE
864	! ! ========================== !
865	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
866	! ! ========================== !
867	DO jj = 1 , jpj
868	DO ji = 1, jpi
869	! ----------------------------!
870	! I Radiative FLUXES !
871	! ----------------------------!
872	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
873	! Short Wave (sw)
874	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
875	! Long Wave (lw)
876	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - stefan * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
877	! lw sensitivity
878	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
879
880	! ----------------------------!
881	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
882	! ----------------------------!
883
884	! ... turbulent heat fluxes with Ch_atm recalculated in blk_ice_tau
885	! Sensible Heat
886	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * (ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
887	! Latent Heat
888	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa(ji,jj) * rLsub * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
889	& ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa(ji,jj) - zqair(ji,jj) ) )
890	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
891	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
892	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
893	& z1_st(ji,jj,jl)z1_st(ji,jj,jl) EXP(-5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl))
894	ELSE
895	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
896	ENDIF
897
898	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
899	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
900
901	! ----------------------------!
902	! III Total FLUXES !
903	! ----------------------------!
904	! Downward Non Solar flux
905	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
906	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
907	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
908	END DO
909	!
910	END DO
911	!
912	END DO
913	!
914	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
915	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
916	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow precipitation
917	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
918
919	! --- evaporation --- !
920	z1_rLsub = 1._wp / rLsub
921	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! sublimation
922	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
923	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
924
925	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
926	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
927	CALL ice_thd_snwblow( (1.-at_i_b(:,:)), zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
928	emp_oce(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
929	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
930	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
931
932	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
933	qemp_oce(:,:) = - ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
934	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
935	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
936	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
937	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
938	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
939
940	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
941	qns_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) &
942	& + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
943	qsr_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
944
945	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
946	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhos * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
947
948	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) ---
949	DO jl = 1, jpl
950	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) )
951	! ! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0degC => evap=0
952	END DO
953
954	! --- shortwave radiation transmitted below the surface (W/m2, see Grenfell Maykut 77) --- !
955	zfr1 = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice ) ! transmission when hi>10cm
956	zfr2 = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice ) ! zfr2 such that zfr1 + zfr2 to equal 1
957	!
958	WHERE ( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) < 0.1_wp ) ! linear decrease from hi=0 to 10cm
959	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * ( zfr1 + zfr2 * ( 1._wp - phi(:,:,:) * 10._wp ) )
960	ELSEWHERE( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) >= 0.1_wp ) ! constant (zfr1) when hi>10cm
961	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * zfr1
962	ELSEWHERE ! zero when hs>0
963	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = 0._wp
964	END WHERE
965	!
966	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
967	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
968	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
969	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
970	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
971	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
972	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
973	ENDIF
974	!
975	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx
976
977
978	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn( ld_virtual_itd, ptsu, ptb, phs, phi )
979	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
980	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_qcn *
981	!!
982	!! ** Purpose : Compute surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux
983	!! to force sea ice / snow thermodynamics
984	!! in the case conduction flux is emulated
985	!!
986	!! ** Method : compute surface energy balance assuming neglecting heat storage
987	!! following the 0-layer Semtner (1976) approach
988	!!
989	!! ** Outputs : - ptsu : sea-ice / snow surface temperature (K)
990	!! - qcn_ice : surface inner conduction flux (W/m2)
991	!!
992	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
993	LOGICAL , INTENT(in ) :: ld_virtual_itd ! single-category option
994	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(inout) :: ptsu ! sea ice / snow surface temperature
995	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: ptb ! sea ice base temperature
996	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phs ! snow thickness
997	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phi ! sea ice thickness
998	!
999	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nit = 10 ! number of iterations
1000	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zepsilon = 0.1_wp ! characteristic thickness for enhanced conduction
1001	!
1002	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
1003	INTEGER :: iter ! local integer
1004	REAL(wp) :: zfac, zfac2, zfac3 ! local scalars
1005	REAL(wp) :: zkeff_h, ztsu, ztsu0 !
1006	REAL(wp) :: zqc, zqnet !
1007	REAL(wp) :: zhe, zqa0 !
1008	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: zgfac ! enhanced conduction factor
1009	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
1010
1011	! -------------------------------------!
1012	! I Enhanced conduction factor !
1013	! -------------------------------------!
1014	! Emulates the enhancement of conduction by unresolved thin ice (ld_virtual_itd = T)
1015	! Fichefet and Morales Maqueda, JGR 1997
1016	!
1017	zgfac(:,:,:) = 1._wp
1018
1019	IF( ld_virtual_itd ) THEN
1020	!
1021	zfac = 1._wp / ( rn_cnd_s + rcnd_i )
1022	zfac2 = EXP(1._wp) * 0.5_wp * zepsilon
1023	zfac3 = 2._wp / zepsilon
1024	!
1025	DO jl = 1, jpl
1026	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1027	DO ji = 1, jpi
1028	zhe = ( rn_cnd_s * phi(ji,jj,jl) + rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zfac ! Effective thickness
1029	IF( zhe >= zfac2 ) zgfac(ji,jj,jl) = MIN( 2._wp, 0.5_wp * ( 1._wp + LOG( zhe * zfac3 ) ) ) ! Enhanced conduction factor
1030	END DO
1031	END DO
1032	END DO
1033	!
1034	ENDIF
1035
1036	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1037	! II Surface temperature and conduction flux !
1038	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1039	!
1040	zfac = rcnd_i * rn_cnd_s
1041	!
1042	DO jl = 1, jpl
1043	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1044	DO ji = 1, jpi
1045	!
1046	zkeff_h = zfac * zgfac(ji,jj,jl) / & ! Effective conductivity of the snow-ice system divided by thickness
1047	& ( rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) + rn_cnd_s * MAX( 0.01, phi(ji,jj,jl) ) )
1048	ztsu = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store current iteration temperature
1049	ztsu0 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store initial surface temperature
1050	zqa0 = qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) ! Net initial atmospheric heat flux
1051	!
1052	DO iter = 1, nit ! --- Iterative loop
1053	zqc = zkeff_h * ( ztsu - ptb(ji,jj) ) ! Conduction heat flux through snow-ice system (>0 downwards)
1054	zqnet = zqa0 + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ztsu - ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) - zqc ! Surface energy budget
1055	ztsu = ztsu - zqnet / ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - zkeff_h ) ! Temperature update
1056	END DO
1057	!
1058	ptsu (ji,jj,jl) = MIN( rt0, ztsu )
1059	qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zkeff_h * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ptb(ji,jj) )
1060	qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 )
1061	qml_ice(ji,jj,jl) = ( qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) ) &
1062	& * MAX( 0._wp , SIGN( 1._wp, ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - rt0 ) )
1063
1064	! --- Diagnose the heat loss due to changing non-solar flux (as in icethd_zdf_bl99) --- !
1065	hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) = hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) - ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 ) ) * a_i_b(ji,jj,jl)
1066
1067	END DO
1068	END DO
1069	!
1070	END DO
1071	!
1072	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn
1073
1074
1075	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd )
1076	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1077	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012 *
1078	!!
1079	!! ** Purpose : Recompute the neutral air-ice drag referenced at 10m
1080	!! to make it dependent on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows.
1081	!! After some approximations, this can be resumed to a dependency
1082	!! on ice concentration.
1083	!!
1084	!! ** Method : The parameterization is taken from Lupkes et al. (2012) eq.(50)
1085	!! with the highest level of approximation: level4, eq.(59)
1086	!! The generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice can be re-written as follows:
1087	!!
1088	!! Cd = Cdw * (1-A) + Cdi * A + Ce * (1-A)*(nu+1/(10beta)) * A**mu
1089	!!
1090	!! Ce = 2.23e-3 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1091	!! nu = mu = beta = 1 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1092	!! A is the concentration of ice minus melt ponds (if any)
1093	!!
1094	!! This new drag has a parabolic shape (as a function of A) starting at
1095	!! Cdw(say 1.5e-3) for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A~0.5
1096	!! and going down to Cdi(say 1.4e-3) for A=1
1097	!!
1098	!! It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ)
1099	!! => see Lupkes et al (2013)
1100	!!
1101	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2012 (theory)
1102	!! Lupkes et al. GRL 2013 (application to GCM)
1103	!!
1104	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1105	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1106	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zCe = 2.23e-03_wp
1107	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: znu = 1._wp
1108	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zmu = 1._wp
1109	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1._wp
1110	REAL(wp) :: zcoef
1111	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1112	zcoef = znu + 1._wp / ( 10._wp * zbeta )
1113
1114	! generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice
1115	!!Cd(:,:) = Cd_oce(:,:) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) + & ! pure ocean drag
1116	!! & rCd_ice * at_i_b(:,:) + & ! pure ice drag
1117	!! & zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**zmu ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1118
1119	! ice-atm drag
1120	Cd(:,:) = rCd_ice + & ! pure ice drag
1121	& zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**(zmu-1._wp) ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1122
1123	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012
1124
1125
1126	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd, Ch )
1127	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1128	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015 *
1129	!!
1130	!! ** pUrpose : Alternative turbulent transfert coefficients formulation
1131	!! between sea-ice and atmosphere with distinct momentum
1132	!! and heat coefficients depending on sea-ice concentration
1133	!! and atmospheric stability (no meltponds effect for now).
1134	!!
1135	!! ** Method : The parameterization is adapted from Lupkes et al. (2015)
1136	!! and ECHAM6 atmospheric model. Compared to Lupkes2012 scheme,
1137	!! it considers specific skin and form drags (Andreas et al. 2010)
1138	!! to compute neutral transfert coefficients for both heat and
1139	!! momemtum fluxes. Atmospheric stability effect on transfert
1140	!! coefficient is also taken into account following Louis (1979).
1141	!!
1142	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2015 (theory)
1143	!! Lupkes et al. ECHAM6 documentation 2015 (implementation)
1144	!!
1145	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1146	!
1147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Ch
1149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztm_su, zst, zqo_sat, zqi_sat
1150	!
1151	! ECHAM6 constants
1152	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_skin_ice = 0.69e-3_wp ! Eq. 43 [m]
1153	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_form_ice = 0.57e-3_wp ! Eq. 42 [m]
1154	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_ice = 1.00e-3_wp ! Eq. 15 [m]
1155	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zce10 = 2.80e-3_wp ! Eq. 41
1156	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1.1_wp ! Eq. 41
1157	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc = 5._wp ! Eq. 13
1158	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc2 = zc * zc
1159	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zam = 2. * zc ! Eq. 14
1160	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zah = 3. * zc ! Eq. 30
1161	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alpha = 1._wp / 0.2_wp ! Eq. 51
1162	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alphaf = z1_alpha ! Eq. 56
1163	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbetah = 1.e-3_wp ! Eq. 26
1164	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zgamma = 1.25_wp ! Eq. 26
1165	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_gamma = 1._wp / zgamma
1166	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: r1_3 = 1._wp / 3._wp
1167	!
1168	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
1169	REAL(wp) :: zthetav_os, zthetav_is, zthetav_zu
1170	REAL(wp) :: zrib_o, zrib_i
1171	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_skin_ice, zCdn_form_ice, zCdn_ice
1172	REAL(wp) :: zChn_skin_ice, zChn_form_ice
1173	REAL(wp) :: z0w, z0i, zfmi, zfmw, zfhi, zfhw
1174	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_form_tmp
1175	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1176
1177	! mean temperature
1178	WHERE( at_i_b(:,:) > 1.e-20 )
1179	ztm_su(:,:) = SUM( t_su(:,:,:) * a_i_b(:,:,:) , dim=3 ) / at_i_b(:,:)
1180	ELSEWHERE
1181	ztm_su(:,:) = rt0
1182	ENDWHERE
1183
1184	! Momentum Neutral Transfert Coefficients (should be a constant)
1185	zCdn_form_tmp = zce10 * ( LOG( 10._wp / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) / LOG( rn_zu / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 40
1186	zCdn_skin_ice = ( vkarmn / LOG( rn_zu / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 7
1187	zCdn_ice = zCdn_skin_ice ! Eq. 7 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1188	!zCdn_ice = 1.89e-3 ! old ECHAM5 value (cf Eq. 32)
1189
1190	! Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1191	zChn_skin_ice = vkarmn*2 / ( LOG( rn_zu / z0_ice + 1._wp ) LOG( rn_zu * z1_alpha / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) ) ! Eq. 50 + Eq. 52 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1192
1193	! Atmospheric and Surface Variables
1194	zst(:,:) = sst_m(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin
1195	zqo_sat(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1196	zqi_sat(:,:) = q_sat( ztm_su(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg] !LB: no 0.98 !!(rdct_qsat_salt)
1197	!
1198	DO jj = 2, jpjm1 ! reduced loop is necessary for reproducibility
1199	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1
1200	! Virtual potential temperature [K]
1201	zthetav_os = zst(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqo_sat(ji,jj) ) ! over ocean
1202	zthetav_is = ztm_su(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqi_sat(ji,jj) ) ! ocean ice
1203	zthetav_zu = t_zu (ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * q_zu(ji,jj) ) ! at zu
1204
1205	! Bulk Richardson Number (could use Ri_bulk function from aerobulk instead)
1206	zrib_o = grav / zthetav_os * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_os ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ocean
1207	zrib_i = grav / zthetav_is * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_is ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm_ice(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ice
1208
1209	! Momentum and Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1210	zCdn_form_ice = zCdn_form_tmp * at_i_b(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) )**zbeta ! Eq. 40
1211	zChn_form_ice = zCdn_form_ice / ( 1._wp + ( LOG( z1_alphaf ) / vkarmn ) * SQRT( zCdn_form_ice ) ) ! Eq. 53
1212
1213	! Momentum and Heat Stability functions (possibility to use psi_m_ecmwf instead)
1214	z0w = rn_zu * EXP( -1._wp * vkarmn / SQRT( Cdn_oce(ji,jj) ) ) ! over water
1215	z0i = z0_skin_ice ! over ice (cf Lupkes email for details)
1216	IF( zrib_o <= 0._wp ) THEN
1217	zfmw = 1._wp - zam * zrib_o / ( 1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * Cdn_oce(ji,jj) * SQRT( -zrib_o * ( rn_zu / z0w + 1._wp ) ) ) ! Eq. 10
1218	zfhw = ( 1._wp + ( zbetah * ( zthetav_os - zthetav_zu )*r1_3 / ( Chn_oce(ji,jj) MAX(0.01, wndm(ji,jj)) ) & ! Eq. 26
1219	& )zgamma )z1_gamma
1220	ELSE
1221	zfmw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 12
1222	zfhw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 28
1223	ENDIF
1224
1225	IF( zrib_i <= 0._wp ) THEN
1226	zfmi = 1._wp - zam * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 9
1227	zfhi = 1._wp - zah * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 25
1228	ELSE
1229	zfmi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 11
1230	zfhi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 27
1231	ENDIF
1232
1233	! Momentum Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 38)
1234	Cd(ji,jj) = zCdn_skin_ice * zfmi + &
1235	& zCdn_form_ice * ( zfmi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfmw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1236
1237	! Heat Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 49)
1238	Ch(ji,jj) = zChn_skin_ice * zfhi + &
1239	& zChn_form_ice * ( zfhi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfhw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1240	!
1241	END DO
1242	END DO
1243	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', Cd, 'T', 1., Ch, 'T', 1. )
1244	!
1245	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015
1246
1247	#endif
1248
1249	!!======================================================================
1250	END MODULE sbcblk

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