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sbcblk.F90 in NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC – NEMO

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source: NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC/sbcblk.F90 @ 11997

Last change on this file since 11997 was 11997, checked in by laurent, 4 years ago
Better namelist sanity test in sbcblk.F90 w.r.t algo choice.
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 68.2 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!! Aerodynamic Bulk Formulas
6	!! SUCCESSOR OF "sbcblk_core"
7	!!=====================================================================
8	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original CORE code
9	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) improved CORE bulk and its user interface
10	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
11	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core
12	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
13	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
14	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
15	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
16	!! 4.0 ! 2016-06 (L. Brodeau) sbcblk_core becomes sbcblk and is not restricted to the CORE algorithm anymore
17	!! ! ==> based on AeroBulk (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk/)
18	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (G. Madec) introduce a sbc_blk_init routine
19	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (M. Vancoppenolle) Introduce conduction flux emulator (M. Vancoppenolle)
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21
22	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
23	!! sbc_blk_init : initialisation of the chosen bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
24	!! sbc_blk : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
25	!! blk_oce : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
26	!! sea-ice case only :
27	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
28	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
29	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
30	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
31	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
32	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
33	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
34	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
35	USE phycst ! physical constants
36	USE fldread ! read input fields
37	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
38	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
39	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
40	USE sbcwave , ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
41	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
42	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
43	#if defined key_si3
44	USE ice , ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, a_i_b, at_i_b, t_su, rn_cnd_s, hfx_err_dif
45	USE icethd_dh ! for CALL ice_thd_snwblow
46	#endif
47	USE sbcblk_algo_ncar ! => turb_ncar : NCAR - CORE (Large & Yeager, 2009)
48	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p0 ! => turb_coare3p0 : COAREv3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
49	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p6 ! => turb_coare3p6 : COAREv3.6 (Fairall et al. 2018 + Edson et al. 2013)
50	USE sbcblk_algo_ecmwf ! => turb_ecmwf : ECMWF (IFS cycle 45r1)
51	!
52	USE iom ! I/O manager library
53	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
54	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
55	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
56	USE prtctl ! Print control
57
58	USE sbcblk_phy !LB: all thermodynamics functions in the marine boundary layer, rho_air, q_sat, etc...
59
60
61	IMPLICIT NONE
62	PRIVATE
63
64	PUBLIC sbc_blk_init ! called in sbcmod
65	PUBLIC sbc_blk ! called in sbcmod
66	#if defined key_si3
67	PUBLIC blk_ice_tau ! routine called in icesbc
68	PUBLIC blk_ice_flx ! routine called in icesbc
69	PUBLIC blk_ice_qcn ! routine called in icesbc
70	#endif
71
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld =10 ! maximum number of files to read
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
75	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 3 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
76	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
77	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 5 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
78	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 6 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
79	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
80	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
81	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_slp = 9 ! index of sea level pressure (Pa)
82	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif =10 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
83
84	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
85
86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_blk : bulk parameters
87	LOGICAL :: ln_NCAR ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
88	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p0 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
89	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p6 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
90	LOGICAL :: ln_ECMWF ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
91	!
92	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation
95	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress
96	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
97	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
98	!!gm ref namelist initialize it so remove the setting to false below
99	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L12 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2012)
100	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L15 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2015)
101	!
102	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Cd_atm ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
103	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ch_atm ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
104	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ce_atm ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
105	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: t_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
106	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: q_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
107	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce ! needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme
108
109	!LB:
110	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_cs ! use the cool-skin (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
111	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_wl ! use the warm-layer parameterization (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
112	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_sph ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is specific humidity [kg/kg] if .true. !LB
113	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_dpt ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is dew-point temperature [K] if .true. !LB
114	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_rlh ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is relative humidity [%] if .true. !LB
115	!
116	INTEGER :: nhumi ! choice of the bulk algorithm
117	! ! associated indices:
118	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_sph = 1
119	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_dpt = 2
120	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_rlh = 3
121	!LB.
122
123	INTEGER :: nblk ! choice of the bulk algorithm
124	! ! associated indices:
125	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_NCAR = 1 ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
126	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p0 = 2 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
127	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p6 = 3 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
128	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_ECMWF = 4 ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
129
130	!! * Substitutions
131	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
132	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
133	!! NEMO/OCE 4.0 , NEMO Consortium (2018)
134	!! $Id$
135	!! Software governed by the CeCILL license (see ./LICENSE)
136	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
137	CONTAINS
138
139	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc()
140	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
141	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_alloc *
142	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
143	ALLOCATE( Cd_atm (jpi,jpj), Ch_atm (jpi,jpj), Ce_atm (jpi,jpj), t_zu(jpi,jpj), q_zu(jpi,jpj), &
144	& cdn_oce(jpi,jpj), chn_oce(jpi,jpj), cen_oce(jpi,jpj), tsk(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_alloc )
145	!
146	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_alloc )
147	IF( sbc_blk_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
148	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc
149
150
151	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
152	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
153	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_init *
154	!!
155	!! ** Purpose : choose and initialize a bulk formulae formulation
156	!!
157	!! ** Method :
158	!!
159	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
160	INTEGER :: ifpr, jfld ! dummy loop indice and argument
161	INTEGER :: ios, ierror, ioptio ! Local integer
162	!!
163	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of atmospheric forcing files
164	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
165	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
166	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
167	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_slp , sn_tdif ! " "
168	NAMELIST/namsbc_blk/ sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr, sn_qlw , & ! input fields
169	& sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_slp, sn_tdif, &
170	& ln_NCAR, ln_COARE_3p0, ln_COARE_3p6, ln_ECMWF, & ! bulk algorithm
171	& cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, &
172	& rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, ln_Cd_L12, ln_Cd_L15, &
173	& ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, ln_humi_sph, ln_humi_dpt, ln_humi_rlh ! cool-skin / warm-layer !LB
174	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
175	!
176	! ! allocate sbc_blk_core array
177	IF( sbc_blk_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
178	!
179	! !** read bulk namelist
180	REWIND( numnam_ref ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in reference namelist : bulk parameters
181	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
182	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in reference namelist' )
183	!
184	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in configuration namelist : bulk parameters
185	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
186	902 IF( ios > 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in configuration namelist' )
187	!
188	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_blk )
189	!
190	! !** initialization of the chosen bulk formulae (+ check)
191	! !* select the bulk chosen in the namelist and check the choice
192	ioptio = 0
193	IF( ln_NCAR ) THEN
194	nblk = np_NCAR ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
195	ENDIF
196	IF( ln_COARE_3p0 ) THEN
197	nblk = np_COARE_3p0 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
198	ENDIF
199	IF( ln_COARE_3p6 ) THEN
200	nblk = np_COARE_3p6 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
201	ENDIF
202	IF( ln_ECMWF ) THEN
203	nblk = np_ECMWF ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
204	ENDIF
205	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one bulk algorithm' )
206
207
208
209
210	! !** initialization of the cool-skin / warm-layer parametrization
211	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
212	!! Some namelist sanity tests:
213	IF( ln_NCAR ) &
214	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Cool-skin/warm-layer param. not compatible with NCAR algorithm' )
215	IF( nn_fsbc /= 1 ) &
216	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Please set "nn_fsbc" to 1 when using cool-skin/warm-layer param.')
217	END IF
218
219	ioptio = 0
220	IF( ln_humi_sph ) THEN
221	nhumi = np_humi_sph ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
222	ENDIF
223	IF( ln_humi_dpt ) THEN
224	nhumi = np_humi_dpt ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
225	ENDIF
226	IF( ln_humi_rlh ) THEN
227	nhumi = np_humi_rlh ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
228	ENDIF
229	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one type of air humidity' )
230	!LB.
231
232	!
233	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN !* check: diurnal cycle on Qsr
234	IF( sn_qsr%freqh /= 24. ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T only with daily short-wave input' )
235	IF( sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
236	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T daily qsr time interpolation done by sbcdcy module', &
237	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
238	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
239	ENDIF
240	ENDIF
241	! !* set the bulk structure
242	! !- store namelist information in an array
243	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
244	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
245	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
246	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
247	slf_i(jp_slp) = sn_slp ; slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
248	!
249	lhftau = ln_taudif !- add an extra field if HF stress is used
250	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT.lhftau/) )
251	!
252	! !- allocate the bulk structure
253	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror )
254	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_init: unable to allocate sf structure' )
255	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
256	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
257	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
258	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%freqh > 0. .AND. MOD( NINT(3600. * slf_i(ifpr)%freqh), nn_fsbc * NINT(rdt) ) /= 0 ) &
259	& CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: sbcmod timestep rdt*nn_fsbc is NOT a submultiple of atmospheric forcing frequency.', &
260	& ' This is not ideal. You should consider changing either rdt or nn_fsbc value...' )
261
262	END DO
263	! !- fill the bulk structure with namelist informations
264	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_init', 'surface boundary condition -- bulk formulae', 'namsbc_blk' )
265	!
266	IF( ln_wave ) THEN
267	!Activated wave module but neither drag nor stokes drift activated
268	IF( .NOT.(ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) ) THEN
269	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'Ask for wave coupling but ln_cdgw=F, ln_sdw=F, ln_tauwoc=F, ln_stcor=F' )
270	!drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core
271	ELSEIF(ln_cdgw .AND. .NOT. ln_NCAR ) THEN
272	CALL ctl_stop( 'drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with NCAR and CORE bulk formulae')
273	ELSEIF(ln_stcor .AND. .NOT. ln_sdw) THEN
274	CALL ctl_stop( 'Stokes-Coriolis term calculated only if activated Stokes Drift ln_sdw=T')
275	ENDIF
276	ELSE
277	IF( ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) &
278	& CALL ctl_stop( 'Not Activated Wave Module (ln_wave=F) but asked coupling ', &
279	& 'with drag coefficient (ln_cdgw =T) ' , &
280	& 'or Stokes Drift (ln_sdw=T) ' , &
281	& 'or ocean stress modification due to waves (ln_tauwoc=T) ', &
282	& 'or Stokes-Coriolis term (ln_stcori=T)' )
283	ENDIF
284	!
285	!
286	IF(lwp) THEN !** Control print
287	!
288	WRITE(numout,) ! namelist
289	WRITE(numout,*) ' Namelist namsbc_blk (other than data information):'
290	WRITE(numout,*) ' "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008) ln_NCAR = ', ln_NCAR
291	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003) ln_COARE_3p0 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
292	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018 + Edson al 2013)ln_COARE_3p6 = ', ln_COARE_3p6
293	WRITE(numout,*) ' "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1) ln_ECMWF = ', ln_ECMWF
294	WRITE(numout,*) ' add High freq.contribution to the stress module ln_taudif = ', ln_taudif
295	WRITE(numout,*) ' Air temperature and humidity reference height (m) rn_zqt = ', rn_zqt
296	WRITE(numout,*) ' Wind vector reference height (m) rn_zu = ', rn_zu
297	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on precipitation (total & snow) rn_pfac = ', rn_pfac
298	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on evaporation rn_efac = ', rn_efac
299	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on ocean/ice velocity rn_vfac = ', rn_vfac
300	WRITE(numout,*) ' (form absolute (=0) to relative winds(=1))'
301	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2012 ln_Cd_L12 = ', ln_Cd_L12
302	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2015 ln_Cd_L15 = ', ln_Cd_L15
303	!
304	WRITE(numout,*)
305	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !* Print the choice of bulk algorithm
306	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)'
307	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)'
308	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018+Edson et al. 2013)'
309	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)'
310	END SELECT
311	!
312	WRITE(numout,*)
313	WRITE(numout,*) ' use cool-skin parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_cs = ', ln_skin_cs
314	WRITE(numout,*) ' use warm-layer parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_wl = ', ln_skin_wl
315	!
316	WRITE(numout,*)
317	SELECT CASE( nhumi ) !* Print the choice of air humidity
318	CASE( np_humi_sph ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is SPECIFIC HUMIDITY [kg/kg]'
319	CASE( np_humi_dpt ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE [K]'
320	CASE( np_humi_rlh ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is RELATIVE HUMIDITY [%]'
321	END SELECT
322	!
323	ENDIF
324	!
325	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
326
327
328	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk( kt )
329	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
330	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk *
331	!!
332	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
333	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
334	!!
335	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
336	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
337	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
338	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
339	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
340	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
341	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
342	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
343	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
344	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
345	!! (2) CALL blk_oce
346	!!
347	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
348	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
349	!!
350	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
351	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
352	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
353	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
354	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
355	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
356	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
357	!!
358	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
359	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
360	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
361	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
362	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
363	!
364	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
365	!
366	IF( kt == nit000 ) tsk(:,:) = sst_m(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) ! no previous estimate of skin temperature => using bulk SST
367	!
368	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m ) ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using bulk formulea
369
370	#if defined key_cice
371	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
372	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(:,:,1)
373	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
374	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
375	ELSE
376	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
377	ENDIF
378	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
379
380	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
381	CASE( np_humi_sph )
382	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
383	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
384	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
385	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
386	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1)) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
387	END SELECT
388
389	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
390	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
391	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
392	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
393	ENDIF
394	#endif
395	!
396	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk
397
398
399	SUBROUTINE blk_oce( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
400	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
401	!! * ROUTINE blk_oce *
402	!!
403	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
404	!! the ocean surface at each time step
405	!!
406	!! ** Method : bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
407	!! fields read in sbc_read
408	!!
409	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
410	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
411	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
412	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
413	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
414	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
415	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
416	!!
417	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
418	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
419	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
420	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
421	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
422	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
423	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
424	!
425	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
426	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! local variable
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zsq ! specific humidity at pst [kg/kg]
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zU_zu ! bulk wind speed at height zu [m/s]
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztpot ! potential temperature of air at z=rn_zqt [K]
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg]
435	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
436	!
437	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
438	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
439
440	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
441	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
442	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
443
444	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
445	!!gm move zwnd_i (_j) set to zero inside the key_cyclone ???
446	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0._wp
447	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0._wp
448	#if defined key_cyclone
449	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
450	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
451	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
452	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
453	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
454	END DO
455	END DO
456	#endif
457	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
458	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
459	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
460	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
461	END DO
462	END DO
463	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', zwnd_i, 'T', -1., zwnd_j, 'T', -1. )
464	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
465	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
466	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
467
468	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
469	! I Solar FLUX !
470	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
471
472	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
473	zztmp = 1. - albo
474	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
475	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
476	ELSE
477	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
478	ENDIF
479
480
481	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
482	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
483	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
484
485	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST tmask(
486	zsq(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
487
488	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
489	zqsb(:,:) = zst(:,:) !LB: using array zqsb to backup original zst before skin action
490	zqla(:,:) = zsq(:,:) !LB: using array zqla to backup original zsq before skin action
491	ENDIF
492
493	!LB:
494	! zqair = specific humidity of air at "rn_zqt" m above thes sea:
495	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
496	CASE( np_humi_sph )
497	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
498	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
499	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
500	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
501	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
502	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
503	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
504	END SELECT
505	!LB.
506
507	!! Estimate of potential temperature at z=rn_zqt, based on adiabatic lapse-rate
508	!! (see Josey, Gulev & Yu, 2013) / doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00005-2
509	!! (since reanalysis products provide absolute temperature "T" at z, not theta !)
510	ztpot = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) + gamma_moist( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), zqair(:,:) ) * rn_zqt
511
512
513	!! Time to call the user-selected bulk parameterization for
514	!! == transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point, and more...
515	SELECT CASE( nblk )
516
517	CASE( np_NCAR )
518	CALL turb_ncar ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, &
519	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
520
521	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
522	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, &
523	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
524	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
525
526	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
527	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, &
528	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
529	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
530
531	CASE( np_ECMWF )
532	CALL turb_ecmwf ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, &
533	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
534	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
535
536	CASE DEFAULT
537	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: non-existing bulk formula selected' )
538	END SELECT
539
540	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
541	!! In the presence of sea-ice we forget about the cool-skin/warm-layer update of zst and zsq:
542	WHERE ( fr_i < 0.001_wp )
543	! zst and zsq have been updated by cool-skin/warm-layer scheme and we keep it!!!
544	zst(:,:) = zst(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
545	zsq(:,:) = zsq(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
546	ELSEWHERE
547	! we forget about the update...
548	zst(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) !#LB: using what we backed up before skin-algo
549	zsq(:,:) = zqla(:,:) !#LB: " " "
550	END WHERE
551	tsk(:,:) = zst(:,:) !#LB: Update of tsk, the "official" array for skin temperature
552	END IF
553
554	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_oce", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
555	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_oce", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
556
557	IF( ABS(rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.1_wp ) THEN
558	!! If zu == zt, then ensuring once for all that:
559	t_zu(:,:) = ztpot(:,:)
560	q_zu(:,:) = zqair(:,:)
561	ENDIF
562
563
564	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean => BULK_FORMULA @ sbcblk_phy.F90
565	! -------------------------------------------------------------
566
567	CALL BULK_FORMULA( rn_zu, zst(:,:), zsq(:,:), t_zu(:,:), q_zu(:,:), &
568	& Cd_atm(:,:), Ch_atm(:,:), Ce_atm(:,:), &
569	& wndm(:,:), zU_zu(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1), &
570	& taum(:,:), zqsb(:,:), zqla(:,:), &
571	& pEvap=zevap(:,:), prhoa=rhoa(:,:) )
572
573	zqla(:,:) = zqla(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
574	zqsb(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
575	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
576	zevap(:,:) = zevap(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
577
578	! Tau i and j component on T-grid points, using array "Cd_atm" as a temporary array...
579	Cd_atm = 0._wp
580	WHERE ( wndm > 0._wp ) Cd_atm = taum / wndm
581	zwnd_i = Cd_atm * zwnd_i
582	zwnd_j = Cd_atm * zwnd_j
583
584	! ! add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module
585	IF( lhftau ) taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
586
587	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
588
589	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
590	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
591	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
592	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
593	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
594	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
595	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
596	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
597	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
598	END DO
599	END DO
600	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau, 'U', -1., vtau, 'V', -1. )
601
602
603	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
604	! III Net longwave radiative FLUX !
605	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
606
607	!! LB: now moved after Turbulent fluxes because must use the skin temperature rather that the SST
608	!! (zst is skin temperature if ln_skin_cs==.TRUE. .OR. ln_skin_wl==.TRUE.)
609	zqlw(:,:) = emiss_w * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - stefanzst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1) ! Net radiative longwave flux
610
611
612	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
613	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zevap , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zevap : ') !LB
614	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce_atm , clinfo2=' Ce_oce : ' )
615	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch_atm , clinfo2=' Ch_oce : ' )
616	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
617	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zsq , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zsq : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
618	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
619	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ', mask2=vmask )
620	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce: wndm : ')
621	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zst : ')
622	ENDIF
623
624	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
625	! IV Total FLUXES !
626	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
627	!
628	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
629	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
630	!
631	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
632	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * rLfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
633	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST !LB??? pst is Celsius !?
634	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
635	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
636	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
637	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi
638	qns(:,:) = qns(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
639	!
640	#if defined key_si3
641	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by SI3)
642	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
643	#endif
644	!
645	!!#LB: NO WHY???? IF( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
646	CALL iom_put( "rho_air" , rhoa ) ! output air density (kg/m^3) !#LB
647	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
648	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
649	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
650	CALL iom_put( "evap_oce" , zevap ) ! evaporation
651	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce" , qns-zqlw-zqsb-zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
652	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
653	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
654	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
655	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
656	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
657	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow
658	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
659	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
660	CALL iom_put( "t_skin" , (zst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin in Celsius
661	CALL iom_put( "dt_skin" , (zst - pst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin - SST temperature difference...
662	ENDIF
663	!!#LB. ENDIF
664	!
665	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
666	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
667	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
668	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
669	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
670	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
671	ENDIF
672	!
673	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce
674
675
676
677	#if defined key_si3
678	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
679	!! 'key_si3' SI3 sea-ice model
680	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
681	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
682	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
683	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
684	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
685	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
686	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
687
688	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
689	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
690	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_tau *
691	!!
692	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
693	!!
694	!! ** Method : compute momentum using bulk formulation
695	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
696	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
697	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
698	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
699	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_f , zwndj_f, zwnorm_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
700	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
701	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
702	!
703	! set transfer coefficients to default sea-ice values
704	Cd_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
705	Ch_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
706	Ce_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
707
708	wndm_ice(:,:) = 0._wp !!gm brutal....
709
710	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
711	! Wind module relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
712	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
713	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
714	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
715	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
716	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
717	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
718	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
719	END DO
720	END DO
721	CALL lbc_lnk( 'sbcblk', wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
722	!
723	! Make ice-atm. drag dependent on ice concentration
724	IF ( ln_Cd_L12 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2012) equations
725	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd_atm )
726	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) ! momentum and heat transfer coef. are considered identical
727	ELSEIF( ln_Cd_L15 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2015) equations
728	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd_atm, Ch_atm )
729	ENDIF
730
731	!! CALL iom_put( "rCd_ice", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
732	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_ice", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
733
734	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
735
736	!!gm brutal....
737	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
738	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
739	!!gm end
740
741	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
742	! Wind stress relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
743	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
744	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
745	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
746	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
747	utau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
748	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
749	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
750	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
751	END DO
752	END DO
753	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau_ice, 'U', -1., vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
754	!
755	!
756	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
757	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
758	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: wndm_ice : ')
759	ENDIF
760	!
761	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
762
763
764	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx( ptsu, phs, phi, palb )
765	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
766	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_flx *
767	!!
768	!! ** Purpose : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
769	!!
770	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
771	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using bulk formulation
772	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
773	!!
774	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
775	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
776	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
777	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phs ! snow thickness
778	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phi ! ice thickness
779	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
780	!!
781	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
782	REAL(wp) :: zst3 ! local variable
783	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla ! - -
784	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_rLsub ! - -
785	REAL(wp) :: zfr1, zfr2 ! local variables
786	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z1_st ! inverse of surface temperature
787	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
788	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
789	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
790	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
791	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (SI3)
792	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
793	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
794	!
795	zcoef_dqlw = 4._wp * 0.95_wp * stefan ! local scalars
796	zcoef_dqla = -rLsub * 11637800._wp * (-5897.8_wp) !LB: BAD!
797	!
798
799	!LB:
800	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
801	CASE( np_humi_sph )
802	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
803	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
804	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
805	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
806	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
807	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
808	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
809	END SELECT
810	!LB.
811
812	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
813	WHERE( ptsu(:,:,:) /= 0._wp )
814	z1_st(:,:,:) = 1._wp / ptsu(:,:,:)
815	ELSEWHERE
816	z1_st(:,:,:) = 0._wp
817	END WHERE
818	! ! ========================== !
819	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
820	! ! ========================== !
821	DO jj = 1 , jpj
822	DO ji = 1, jpi
823	! ----------------------------!
824	! I Radiative FLUXES !
825	! ----------------------------!
826	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
827	! Short Wave (sw)
828	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
829	! Long Wave (lw)
830	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - stefan * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
831	! lw sensitivity
832	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
833
834	! ----------------------------!
835	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
836	! ----------------------------!
837
838	! ... turbulent heat fluxes with Ch_atm recalculated in blk_ice_tau
839	! Sensible Heat
840	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * (ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
841	! Latent Heat
842	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa(ji,jj) * rLsub * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
843	& ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa(ji,jj) - zqair(ji,jj) ) )
844	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
845	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
846	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
847	& z1_st(ji,jj,jl)z1_st(ji,jj,jl) EXP(-5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl))
848	ELSE
849	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
850	ENDIF
851
852	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
853	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
854
855	! ----------------------------!
856	! III Total FLUXES !
857	! ----------------------------!
858	! Downward Non Solar flux
859	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
860	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
861	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
862	END DO
863	!
864	END DO
865	!
866	END DO
867	!
868	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
869	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
870	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow precipitation
871	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
872
873	! --- evaporation --- !
874	z1_rLsub = 1._wp / rLsub
875	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! sublimation
876	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
877	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
878
879	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
880	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
881	CALL ice_thd_snwblow( (1.-at_i_b(:,:)), zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
882	emp_oce(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
883	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
884	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
885
886	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
887	qemp_oce(:,:) = - ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
888	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
889	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
890	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
891	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
892	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
893
894	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
895	qns_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) &
896	& + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
897	qsr_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
898
899	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
900	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhos * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
901
902	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) ---
903	DO jl = 1, jpl
904	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) )
905	! ! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0degC => evap=0
906	END DO
907
908	! --- shortwave radiation transmitted below the surface (W/m2, see Grenfell Maykut 77) --- !
909	zfr1 = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice ) ! transmission when hi>10cm
910	zfr2 = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice ) ! zfr2 such that zfr1 + zfr2 to equal 1
911	!
912	WHERE ( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) < 0.1_wp ) ! linear decrease from hi=0 to 10cm
913	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * ( zfr1 + zfr2 * ( 1._wp - phi(:,:,:) * 10._wp ) )
914	ELSEWHERE( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) >= 0.1_wp ) ! constant (zfr1) when hi>10cm
915	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * zfr1
916	ELSEWHERE ! zero when hs>0
917	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = 0._wp
918	END WHERE
919	!
920	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
921	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
922	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
923	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
924	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
925	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
926	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
927	ENDIF
928	!
929	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx
930
931
932	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn( ld_virtual_itd, ptsu, ptb, phs, phi )
933	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
934	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_qcn *
935	!!
936	!! ** Purpose : Compute surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux
937	!! to force sea ice / snow thermodynamics
938	!! in the case conduction flux is emulated
939	!!
940	!! ** Method : compute surface energy balance assuming neglecting heat storage
941	!! following the 0-layer Semtner (1976) approach
942	!!
943	!! ** Outputs : - ptsu : sea-ice / snow surface temperature (K)
944	!! - qcn_ice : surface inner conduction flux (W/m2)
945	!!
946	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
947	LOGICAL , INTENT(in ) :: ld_virtual_itd ! single-category option
948	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(inout) :: ptsu ! sea ice / snow surface temperature
949	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: ptb ! sea ice base temperature
950	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phs ! snow thickness
951	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phi ! sea ice thickness
952	!
953	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nit = 10 ! number of iterations
954	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zepsilon = 0.1_wp ! characteristic thickness for enhanced conduction
955	!
956	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
957	INTEGER :: iter ! local integer
958	REAL(wp) :: zfac, zfac2, zfac3 ! local scalars
959	REAL(wp) :: zkeff_h, ztsu, ztsu0 !
960	REAL(wp) :: zqc, zqnet !
961	REAL(wp) :: zhe, zqa0 !
962	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: zgfac ! enhanced conduction factor
963	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
964
965	! -------------------------------------!
966	! I Enhanced conduction factor !
967	! -------------------------------------!
968	! Emulates the enhancement of conduction by unresolved thin ice (ld_virtual_itd = T)
969	! Fichefet and Morales Maqueda, JGR 1997
970	!
971	zgfac(:,:,:) = 1._wp
972
973	IF( ld_virtual_itd ) THEN
974	!
975	zfac = 1._wp / ( rn_cnd_s + rcnd_i )
976	zfac2 = EXP(1._wp) * 0.5_wp * zepsilon
977	zfac3 = 2._wp / zepsilon
978	!
979	DO jl = 1, jpl
980	DO jj = 1 , jpj
981	DO ji = 1, jpi
982	zhe = ( rn_cnd_s * phi(ji,jj,jl) + rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zfac ! Effective thickness
983	IF( zhe >= zfac2 ) zgfac(ji,jj,jl) = MIN( 2._wp, 0.5_wp * ( 1._wp + LOG( zhe * zfac3 ) ) ) ! Enhanced conduction factor
984	END DO
985	END DO
986	END DO
987	!
988	ENDIF
989
990	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
991	! II Surface temperature and conduction flux !
992	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
993	!
994	zfac = rcnd_i * rn_cnd_s
995	!
996	DO jl = 1, jpl
997	DO jj = 1 , jpj
998	DO ji = 1, jpi
999	!
1000	zkeff_h = zfac * zgfac(ji,jj,jl) / & ! Effective conductivity of the snow-ice system divided by thickness
1001	& ( rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) + rn_cnd_s * MAX( 0.01, phi(ji,jj,jl) ) )
1002	ztsu = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store current iteration temperature
1003	ztsu0 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store initial surface temperature
1004	zqa0 = qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) ! Net initial atmospheric heat flux
1005	!
1006	DO iter = 1, nit ! --- Iterative loop
1007	zqc = zkeff_h * ( ztsu - ptb(ji,jj) ) ! Conduction heat flux through snow-ice system (>0 downwards)
1008	zqnet = zqa0 + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ztsu - ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) - zqc ! Surface energy budget
1009	ztsu = ztsu - zqnet / ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - zkeff_h ) ! Temperature update
1010	END DO
1011	!
1012	ptsu (ji,jj,jl) = MIN( rt0, ztsu )
1013	qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zkeff_h * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ptb(ji,jj) )
1014	qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 )
1015	qml_ice(ji,jj,jl) = ( qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) ) &
1016	& * MAX( 0._wp , SIGN( 1._wp, ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - rt0 ) )
1017
1018	! --- Diagnose the heat loss due to changing non-solar flux (as in icethd_zdf_bl99) --- !
1019	hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) = hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) - ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 ) ) * a_i_b(ji,jj,jl)
1020
1021	END DO
1022	END DO
1023	!
1024	END DO
1025	!
1026	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn
1027
1028
1029	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd )
1030	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1031	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012 *
1032	!!
1033	!! ** Purpose : Recompute the neutral air-ice drag referenced at 10m
1034	!! to make it dependent on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows.
1035	!! After some approximations, this can be resumed to a dependency
1036	!! on ice concentration.
1037	!!
1038	!! ** Method : The parameterization is taken from Lupkes et al. (2012) eq.(50)
1039	!! with the highest level of approximation: level4, eq.(59)
1040	!! The generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice can be re-written as follows:
1041	!!
1042	!! Cd = Cdw * (1-A) + Cdi * A + Ce * (1-A)*(nu+1/(10beta)) * A**mu
1043	!!
1044	!! Ce = 2.23e-3 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1045	!! nu = mu = beta = 1 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1046	!! A is the concentration of ice minus melt ponds (if any)
1047	!!
1048	!! This new drag has a parabolic shape (as a function of A) starting at
1049	!! Cdw(say 1.5e-3) for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A~0.5
1050	!! and going down to Cdi(say 1.4e-3) for A=1
1051	!!
1052	!! It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ)
1053	!! => see Lupkes et al (2013)
1054	!!
1055	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2012 (theory)
1056	!! Lupkes et al. GRL 2013 (application to GCM)
1057	!!
1058	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1059	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1060	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zCe = 2.23e-03_wp
1061	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: znu = 1._wp
1062	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zmu = 1._wp
1063	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1._wp
1064	REAL(wp) :: zcoef
1065	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1066	zcoef = znu + 1._wp / ( 10._wp * zbeta )
1067
1068	! generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice
1069	!!Cd(:,:) = Cd_oce(:,:) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) + & ! pure ocean drag
1070	!! & rCd_ice * at_i_b(:,:) + & ! pure ice drag
1071	!! & zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**zmu ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1072
1073	! ice-atm drag
1074	Cd(:,:) = rCd_ice + & ! pure ice drag
1075	& zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**(zmu-1._wp) ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1076
1077	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012
1078
1079
1080	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd, Ch )
1081	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1082	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015 *
1083	!!
1084	!! ** pUrpose : Alternative turbulent transfert coefficients formulation
1085	!! between sea-ice and atmosphere with distinct momentum
1086	!! and heat coefficients depending on sea-ice concentration
1087	!! and atmospheric stability (no meltponds effect for now).
1088	!!
1089	!! ** Method : The parameterization is adapted from Lupkes et al. (2015)
1090	!! and ECHAM6 atmospheric model. Compared to Lupkes2012 scheme,
1091	!! it considers specific skin and form drags (Andreas et al. 2010)
1092	!! to compute neutral transfert coefficients for both heat and
1093	!! momemtum fluxes. Atmospheric stability effect on transfert
1094	!! coefficient is also taken into account following Louis (1979).
1095	!!
1096	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2015 (theory)
1097	!! Lupkes et al. ECHAM6 documentation 2015 (implementation)
1098	!!
1099	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1100	!
1101	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1102	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Ch
1103	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztm_su, zst, zqo_sat, zqi_sat
1104	!
1105	! ECHAM6 constants
1106	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_skin_ice = 0.69e-3_wp ! Eq. 43 [m]
1107	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_form_ice = 0.57e-3_wp ! Eq. 42 [m]
1108	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_ice = 1.00e-3_wp ! Eq. 15 [m]
1109	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zce10 = 2.80e-3_wp ! Eq. 41
1110	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1.1_wp ! Eq. 41
1111	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc = 5._wp ! Eq. 13
1112	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc2 = zc * zc
1113	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zam = 2. * zc ! Eq. 14
1114	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zah = 3. * zc ! Eq. 30
1115	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alpha = 1._wp / 0.2_wp ! Eq. 51
1116	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alphaf = z1_alpha ! Eq. 56
1117	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbetah = 1.e-3_wp ! Eq. 26
1118	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zgamma = 1.25_wp ! Eq. 26
1119	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_gamma = 1._wp / zgamma
1120	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: r1_3 = 1._wp / 3._wp
1121	!
1122	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
1123	REAL(wp) :: zthetav_os, zthetav_is, zthetav_zu
1124	REAL(wp) :: zrib_o, zrib_i
1125	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_skin_ice, zCdn_form_ice, zCdn_ice
1126	REAL(wp) :: zChn_skin_ice, zChn_form_ice
1127	REAL(wp) :: z0w, z0i, zfmi, zfmw, zfhi, zfhw
1128	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_form_tmp
1129	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1130
1131	! mean temperature
1132	WHERE( at_i_b(:,:) > 1.e-20 )
1133	ztm_su(:,:) = SUM( t_su(:,:,:) * a_i_b(:,:,:) , dim=3 ) / at_i_b(:,:)
1134	ELSEWHERE
1135	ztm_su(:,:) = rt0
1136	ENDWHERE
1137
1138	! Momentum Neutral Transfert Coefficients (should be a constant)
1139	zCdn_form_tmp = zce10 * ( LOG( 10._wp / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) / LOG( rn_zu / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 40
1140	zCdn_skin_ice = ( vkarmn / LOG( rn_zu / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 7
1141	zCdn_ice = zCdn_skin_ice ! Eq. 7 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1142	!zCdn_ice = 1.89e-3 ! old ECHAM5 value (cf Eq. 32)
1143
1144	! Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1145	zChn_skin_ice = vkarmn*2 / ( LOG( rn_zu / z0_ice + 1._wp ) LOG( rn_zu * z1_alpha / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) ) ! Eq. 50 + Eq. 52 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1146
1147	! Atmospheric and Surface Variables
1148	zst(:,:) = sst_m(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin
1149	zqo_sat(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1150	zqi_sat(:,:) = q_sat( ztm_su(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg] !LB: no 0.98 !!(rdct_qsat_salt)
1151	!
1152	DO jj = 2, jpjm1 ! reduced loop is necessary for reproducibility
1153	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1
1154	! Virtual potential temperature [K]
1155	zthetav_os = zst(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqo_sat(ji,jj) ) ! over ocean
1156	zthetav_is = ztm_su(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqi_sat(ji,jj) ) ! ocean ice
1157	zthetav_zu = t_zu (ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * q_zu(ji,jj) ) ! at zu
1158
1159	! Bulk Richardson Number (could use Ri_bulk function from aerobulk instead)
1160	zrib_o = grav / zthetav_os * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_os ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ocean
1161	zrib_i = grav / zthetav_is * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_is ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm_ice(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ice
1162
1163	! Momentum and Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1164	zCdn_form_ice = zCdn_form_tmp * at_i_b(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) )**zbeta ! Eq. 40
1165	zChn_form_ice = zCdn_form_ice / ( 1._wp + ( LOG( z1_alphaf ) / vkarmn ) * SQRT( zCdn_form_ice ) ) ! Eq. 53
1166
1167	! Momentum and Heat Stability functions (possibility to use psi_m_ecmwf instead)
1168	z0w = rn_zu * EXP( -1._wp * vkarmn / SQRT( Cdn_oce(ji,jj) ) ) ! over water
1169	z0i = z0_skin_ice ! over ice (cf Lupkes email for details)
1170	IF( zrib_o <= 0._wp ) THEN
1171	zfmw = 1._wp - zam * zrib_o / ( 1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * Cdn_oce(ji,jj) * SQRT( -zrib_o * ( rn_zu / z0w + 1._wp ) ) ) ! Eq. 10
1172	zfhw = ( 1._wp + ( zbetah * ( zthetav_os - zthetav_zu )*r1_3 / ( Chn_oce(ji,jj) MAX(0.01, wndm(ji,jj)) ) & ! Eq. 26
1173	& )zgamma )z1_gamma
1174	ELSE
1175	zfmw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 12
1176	zfhw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 28
1177	ENDIF
1178
1179	IF( zrib_i <= 0._wp ) THEN
1180	zfmi = 1._wp - zam * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 9
1181	zfhi = 1._wp - zah * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 25
1182	ELSE
1183	zfmi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 11
1184	zfhi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 27
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	! Momentum Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 38)
1188	Cd(ji,jj) = zCdn_skin_ice * zfmi + &
1189	& zCdn_form_ice * ( zfmi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfmw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1190
1191	! Heat Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 49)
1192	Ch(ji,jj) = zChn_skin_ice * zfhi + &
1193	& zChn_form_ice * ( zfhi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfhw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1194	!
1195	END DO
1196	END DO
1197	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', Cd, 'T', 1., Ch, 'T', 1. )
1198	!
1199	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015
1200
1201	#endif
1202
1203	!!======================================================================
1204	END MODULE sbcblk

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