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sbcblk.F90 in NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC – NEMO

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source: NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC/sbcblk.F90 @ 12024

Last change on this file since 12024 was 12024, checked in by laurent, 4 years ago
Small fixes...
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 68.3 KB

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1	MODULE sbcblk
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!! Aerodynamic Bulk Formulas
6	!! SUCCESSOR OF "sbcblk_core"
7	!!=====================================================================
8	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original CORE code
9	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) improved CORE bulk and its user interface
10	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
11	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core
12	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
13	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
14	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
15	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
16	!! 4.0 ! 2016-06 (L. Brodeau) sbcblk_core becomes sbcblk and is not restricted to the CORE algorithm anymore
17	!! ! ==> based on AeroBulk (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk/)
18	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (G. Madec) introduce a sbc_blk_init routine
19	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (M. Vancoppenolle) Introduce conduction flux emulator (M. Vancoppenolle)
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21
22	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
23	!! sbc_blk_init : initialisation of the chosen bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
24	!! sbc_blk : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
25	!! blk_oce : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
26	!! sea-ice case only :
27	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
28	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
29	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
30	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
31	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
32	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
33	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
34	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
35	USE phycst ! physical constants
36	USE fldread ! read input fields
37	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
38	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
39	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
40	USE sbcwave , ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
41	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
42	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
43	#if defined key_si3
44	USE ice , ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, a_i_b, at_i_b, t_su, rn_cnd_s, hfx_err_dif
45	USE icethd_dh ! for CALL ice_thd_snwblow
46	#endif
47	USE sbcblk_algo_ncar ! => turb_ncar : NCAR - CORE (Large & Yeager, 2009)
48	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p0 ! => turb_coare3p0 : COAREv3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
49	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p6 ! => turb_coare3p6 : COAREv3.6 (Fairall et al. 201 + Edson et al. 2013)
50	USE sbcblk_algo_ecmwf ! => turb_ecmwf : ECMWF (IFS cycle 45r1)
51	!
52	USE iom ! I/O manager library
53	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
54	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
55	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
56	USE prtctl ! Print control
57
58	USE sbcblk_phy ! a catalog of functions for physical/meteorological parameters in the marine boundary layer, rho_air, q_sat, etc...
59
60
61	IMPLICIT NONE
62	PRIVATE
63
64	PUBLIC sbc_blk_init ! called in sbcmod
65	PUBLIC sbc_blk ! called in sbcmod
66	#if defined key_si3
67	PUBLIC blk_ice_tau ! routine called in icesbc
68	PUBLIC blk_ice_flx ! routine called in icesbc
69	PUBLIC blk_ice_qcn ! routine called in icesbc
70	#endif
71
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld =10 ! maximum number of files to read
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
75	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 3 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
76	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
77	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 5 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
78	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 6 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
79	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
80	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
81	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_slp = 9 ! index of sea level pressure (Pa)
82	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif =10 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
83
84	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
85
86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_blk : bulk parameters
87	LOGICAL :: ln_NCAR ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
88	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p0 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
89	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p6 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
90	LOGICAL :: ln_ECMWF ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
91	!
92	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation
95	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress
96	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
97	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
98	!!gm ref namelist initialize it so remove the setting to false below
99	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L12 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2012)
100	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L15 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2015)
101	!
102	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Cd_atm ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
103	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ch_atm ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
104	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ce_atm ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
105	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: t_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
106	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: q_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
107	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce ! needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme
108
109	!LB:
110	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_cs ! use the cool-skin (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
111	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_wl ! use the warm-layer parameterization (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
112	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_sph ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is specific humidity [kg/kg] if .true. !LB
113	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_dpt ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is dew-point temperature [K] if .true. !LB
114	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_rlh ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is relative humidity [%] if .true. !LB
115	!
116	INTEGER :: nhumi ! choice of the bulk algorithm
117	! ! associated indices:
118	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_sph = 1
119	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_dpt = 2
120	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_rlh = 3
121	!LB.
122
123	INTEGER :: nblk ! choice of the bulk algorithm
124	! ! associated indices:
125	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_NCAR = 1 ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
126	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p0 = 2 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
127	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p6 = 3 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
128	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_ECMWF = 4 ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
129
130	!! * Substitutions
131	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
132	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
133	!! NEMO/OCE 4.0 , NEMO Consortium (2018)
134	!! $Id$
135	!! Software governed by the CeCILL license (see ./LICENSE)
136	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
137	CONTAINS
138
139	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc()
140	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
141	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_alloc *
142	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
143	ALLOCATE( Cd_atm (jpi,jpj), Ch_atm (jpi,jpj), Ce_atm (jpi,jpj), t_zu(jpi,jpj), q_zu(jpi,jpj), &
144	& cdn_oce(jpi,jpj), chn_oce(jpi,jpj), cen_oce(jpi,jpj), tsk (jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_alloc )
145	!
146	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_alloc )
147	IF( sbc_blk_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
148	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc
149
150
151	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
152	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
153	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_init *
154	!!
155	!! ** Purpose : choose and initialize a bulk formulae formulation
156	!!
157	!! ** Method :
158	!!
159	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
160	INTEGER :: ifpr, jfld ! dummy loop indice and argument
161	INTEGER :: ios, ierror, ioptio ! Local integer
162	!!
163	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of atmospheric forcing files
164	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
165	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
166	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
167	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_slp , sn_tdif ! " "
168	NAMELIST/namsbc_blk/ sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr, sn_qlw , & ! input fields
169	& sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_slp, sn_tdif, &
170	& ln_NCAR, ln_COARE_3p0, ln_COARE_3p6, ln_ECMWF, & ! bulk algorithm
171	& cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, &
172	& rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, ln_Cd_L12, ln_Cd_L15, &
173	& ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, ln_humi_sph, ln_humi_dpt, ln_humi_rlh ! cool-skin / warm-layer !LB
174	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
175	!
176	! ! allocate sbc_blk_core array
177	IF( sbc_blk_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
178	!
179	! !** read bulk namelist
180	REWIND( numnam_ref ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in reference namelist : bulk parameters
181	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
182	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in reference namelist' )
183	!
184	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in configuration namelist : bulk parameters
185	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
186	902 IF( ios > 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in configuration namelist' )
187	!
188	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_blk )
189	!
190	! !** initialization of the chosen bulk formulae (+ check)
191	! !* select the bulk chosen in the namelist and check the choice
192	ioptio = 0
193	IF( ln_NCAR ) THEN
194	nblk = np_NCAR ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
195	ENDIF
196	IF( ln_COARE_3p0 ) THEN
197	nblk = np_COARE_3p0 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
198	ENDIF
199	IF( ln_COARE_3p6 ) THEN
200	nblk = np_COARE_3p6 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
201	ENDIF
202	IF( ln_ECMWF ) THEN
203	nblk = np_ECMWF ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
204	ENDIF
205	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one bulk algorithm' )
206
207
208
209
210	! !** initialization of the cool-skin / warm-layer parametrization
211	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
212	!! Some namelist sanity tests:
213	IF( ln_NCAR ) &
214	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Cool-skin/warm-layer param. not compatible with NCAR algorithm' )
215	IF( nn_fsbc /= 1 ) &
216	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Please set "nn_fsbc" to 1 when using cool-skin/warm-layer param.')
217	END IF
218
219	ioptio = 0
220	IF( ln_humi_sph ) THEN
221	nhumi = np_humi_sph ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
222	ENDIF
223	IF( ln_humi_dpt ) THEN
224	nhumi = np_humi_dpt ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
225	ENDIF
226	IF( ln_humi_rlh ) THEN
227	nhumi = np_humi_rlh ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
228	ENDIF
229	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one type of air humidity' )
230	!LB.
231
232	!
233	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN !* check: diurnal cycle on Qsr
234	IF( sn_qsr%freqh /= 24. ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T only with daily short-wave input' )
235	IF( sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
236	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T daily qsr time interpolation done by sbcdcy module', &
237	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
238	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
239	ENDIF
240	ENDIF
241	! !* set the bulk structure
242	! !- store namelist information in an array
243	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
244	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
245	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
246	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
247	slf_i(jp_slp) = sn_slp ; slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
248	!
249	lhftau = ln_taudif !- add an extra field if HF stress is used
250	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT.lhftau/) )
251	!
252	! !- allocate the bulk structure
253	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror )
254	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_init: unable to allocate sf structure' )
255	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
256	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
257	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
258	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%freqh > 0. .AND. MOD( NINT(3600. * slf_i(ifpr)%freqh), nn_fsbc * NINT(rdt) ) /= 0 ) &
259	& CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: sbcmod timestep rdt*nn_fsbc is NOT a submultiple of atmospheric forcing frequency.', &
260	& ' This is not ideal. You should consider changing either rdt or nn_fsbc value...' )
261
262	END DO
263	! !- fill the bulk structure with namelist informations
264	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_init', 'surface boundary condition -- bulk formulae', 'namsbc_blk' )
265	!
266	IF( ln_wave ) THEN
267	!Activated wave module but neither drag nor stokes drift activated
268	IF( .NOT.(ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) ) THEN
269	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'Ask for wave coupling but ln_cdgw=F, ln_sdw=F, ln_tauwoc=F, ln_stcor=F' )
270	!drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core
271	ELSEIF(ln_cdgw .AND. .NOT. ln_NCAR ) THEN
272	CALL ctl_stop( 'drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with NCAR and CORE bulk formulae')
273	ELSEIF(ln_stcor .AND. .NOT. ln_sdw) THEN
274	CALL ctl_stop( 'Stokes-Coriolis term calculated only if activated Stokes Drift ln_sdw=T')
275	ENDIF
276	ELSE
277	IF( ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) &
278	& CALL ctl_stop( 'Not Activated Wave Module (ln_wave=F) but asked coupling ', &
279	& 'with drag coefficient (ln_cdgw =T) ' , &
280	& 'or Stokes Drift (ln_sdw=T) ' , &
281	& 'or ocean stress modification due to waves (ln_tauwoc=T) ', &
282	& 'or Stokes-Coriolis term (ln_stcori=T)' )
283	ENDIF
284	!
285	!
286	IF(lwp) THEN !** Control print
287	!
288	WRITE(numout,) ! namelist
289	WRITE(numout,*) ' Namelist namsbc_blk (other than data information):'
290	WRITE(numout,*) ' "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008) ln_NCAR = ', ln_NCAR
291	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003) ln_COARE_3p0 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
292	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018 + Edson al 2013)ln_COARE_3p6 = ', ln_COARE_3p6
293	WRITE(numout,*) ' "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1) ln_ECMWF = ', ln_ECMWF
294	WRITE(numout,*) ' add High freq.contribution to the stress module ln_taudif = ', ln_taudif
295	WRITE(numout,*) ' Air temperature and humidity reference height (m) rn_zqt = ', rn_zqt
296	WRITE(numout,*) ' Wind vector reference height (m) rn_zu = ', rn_zu
297	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on precipitation (total & snow) rn_pfac = ', rn_pfac
298	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on evaporation rn_efac = ', rn_efac
299	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on ocean/ice velocity rn_vfac = ', rn_vfac
300	WRITE(numout,*) ' (form absolute (=0) to relative winds(=1))'
301	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2012 ln_Cd_L12 = ', ln_Cd_L12
302	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2015 ln_Cd_L15 = ', ln_Cd_L15
303	!
304	WRITE(numout,*)
305	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !* Print the choice of bulk algorithm
306	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)'
307	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)'
308	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018+Edson et al. 2013)'
309	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)'
310	END SELECT
311	!
312	WRITE(numout,*)
313	WRITE(numout,*) ' use cool-skin parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_cs = ', ln_skin_cs
314	WRITE(numout,*) ' use warm-layer parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_wl = ', ln_skin_wl
315	!
316	WRITE(numout,*)
317	SELECT CASE( nhumi ) !* Print the choice of air humidity
318	CASE( np_humi_sph ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is SPECIFIC HUMIDITY [kg/kg]'
319	CASE( np_humi_dpt ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE [K]'
320	CASE( np_humi_rlh ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is RELATIVE HUMIDITY [%]'
321	END SELECT
322	!
323	ENDIF
324	!
325	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
326
327
328	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk( kt )
329	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
330	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk *
331	!!
332	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
333	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
334	!!
335	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
336	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
337	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
338	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
339	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
340	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
341	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
342	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
343	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
344	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
345	!! (2) CALL blk_oce
346	!!
347	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
348	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
349	!!
350	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
351	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
352	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
353	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
354	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
355	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
356	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
357	!!
358	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
359	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
360	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
361	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
362	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
363	!
364	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
365	!
366	IF( kt == nit000 ) tsk(:,:) = sst_m(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) ! no previous estimate of skin temperature => using bulk SST (use restart?)
367	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using bulk formulea
368	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
369
370	#if defined key_cice
371	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
372	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(:,:,1)
373	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
374	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
375	ELSE
376	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
377	ENDIF
378	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
379	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
380	CASE( np_humi_sph )
381	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
382	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
383	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
384	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
385	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1)) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
386	END SELECT
387	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
388	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
389	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
390	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
391	ENDIF
392	#endif
393	!
394	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk
395
396
397	SUBROUTINE blk_oce( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
398	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
399	!! * ROUTINE blk_oce *
400	!!
401	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
402	!! the ocean surface at each time step
403	!!
404	!! ** Method : bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
405	!! fields read in sbc_read
406	!!
407	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
408	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
409	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
410	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
411	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
412	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
413	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
414	!!
415	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
416	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
417	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
418	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
419	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
420	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
421	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
422	!
423	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
424	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! local variable
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zsq ! specific humidity at pst [kg/kg]
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zU_zu ! bulk wind speed at height zu [m/s]
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztpot ! potential temperature of air at z=rn_zqt [K]
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg]
433	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
434	!
435	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
436	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
437
438	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
439	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
440	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
441
442	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
443	!!gm move zwnd_i (_j) set to zero inside the key_cyclone ???
444	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0._wp
445	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0._wp
446	#if defined key_cyclone
447	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
448	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
449	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
450	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
451	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
452	END DO
453	END DO
454	#endif
455	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
456	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
457	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
458	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
459	END DO
460	END DO
461	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', zwnd_i, 'T', -1., zwnd_j, 'T', -1. )
462	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
463	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
464	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
465
466	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
467	! I Solar FLUX !
468	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
469
470	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
471	zztmp = 1. - albo
472	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
473	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
474	ELSE
475	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
476	ENDIF
477
478
479	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
480	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
481	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
482
483	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST tmask(
484	zsq(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
485
486	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
487	zqsb(:,:) = zst(:,:) !LB: using array zqsb to backup original zst before skin action
488	zqla(:,:) = zsq(:,:) !LB: using array zqla to backup original zsq before skin action
489	ENDIF
490
491	!LB:
492	! zqair = specific humidity of air at "rn_zqt" m above thes sea:
493	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
494	CASE( np_humi_sph )
495	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
496	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
497	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
498	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
499	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
500	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
501	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
502	END SELECT
503	!LB.
504
505	!! Estimate of potential temperature at z=rn_zqt, based on adiabatic lapse-rate
506	!! (see Josey, Gulev & Yu, 2013) / doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00005-2
507	!! (since reanalysis products provide absolute temperature "T" at z, not theta !)
508	ztpot = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) + gamma_moist( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), zqair(:,:) ) * rn_zqt
509
510
511	!! Time to call the user-selected bulk parameterization for
512	!! == transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point, and more...
513	SELECT CASE( nblk )
514
515	CASE( np_NCAR )
516	CALL turb_ncar ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, &
517	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
518
519	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
520	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, &
521	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
522	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
523
524	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
525	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, &
526	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
527	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
528
529	CASE( np_ECMWF )
530	CALL turb_ecmwf ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, &
531	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
532	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
533
534	CASE DEFAULT
535	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: non-existing bulk formula selected' )
536	END SELECT
537
538	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
539	!! In the presence of sea-ice we forget about the cool-skin/warm-layer update of zst and zsq:
540	WHERE ( fr_i(:,:) < 0.001_wp )
541	! zst and zsq have been updated by cool-skin/warm-layer scheme and we keep them !!!
542	zst(:,:) = zst(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
543	zsq(:,:) = zsq(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
544	ELSEWHERE
545	! we forget about the update...
546	zst(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) !#LB: using what we backed up before skin-algo
547	zsq(:,:) = zqla(:,:) !#LB: " " "
548	END WHERE
549	tsk(:,:) = zst(:,:) !#LB: Update of tsk, the "official" array for skin temperature
550	END IF
551
552	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_oce", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
553	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_oce", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
554
555	IF( ABS(rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.1_wp ) THEN
556	!! If zu == zt, then ensuring once for all that:
557	t_zu(:,:) = ztpot(:,:)
558	q_zu(:,:) = zqair(:,:)
559	ENDIF
560
561
562	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean => BULK_FORMULA @ sbcblk_phy.F90
563	! -------------------------------------------------------------
564
565	CALL BULK_FORMULA( rn_zu, zst(:,:), zsq(:,:), t_zu(:,:), q_zu(:,:), &
566	& Cd_atm(:,:), Ch_atm(:,:), Ce_atm(:,:), &
567	& wndm(:,:), zU_zu(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1), &
568	& taum(:,:), zqsb(:,:), zqla(:,:), &
569	& pEvap=zevap(:,:), prhoa=rhoa(:,:) )
570
571	zqla(:,:) = zqla(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
572	zqsb(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
573	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
574	zevap(:,:) = zevap(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
575
576	! Tau i and j component on T-grid points, using array "Cd_atm" as a temporary array...
577	Cd_atm(:,:) = 0._wp
578	WHERE ( wndm(:,:) > 0._wp ) Cd_atm(:,:) = taum(:,:) / wndm(:,:)
579	zwnd_i(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:)
580	zwnd_j(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:)
581
582	! ! add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module
583	IF( lhftau ) taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
584
585	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
586
587	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
588	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
589	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
590	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
591	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
592	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
593	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
594	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
595	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
596	END DO
597	END DO
598	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau, 'U', -1., vtau, 'V', -1. )
599
600
601	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
602	! III Net longwave radiative FLUX !
603	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
604
605	!! LB: now moved after Turbulent fluxes because must use the skin temperature rather that the SST
606	!! (zst is skin temperature if ln_skin_cs==.TRUE. .OR. ln_skin_wl==.TRUE.)
607	zqlw(:,:) = emiss_w * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - stefanzst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1) ! Net radiative longwave flux
608
609
610	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
611	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zevap , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zevap : ') !LB
612	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce_atm , clinfo2=' Ce_oce : ' )
613	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch_atm , clinfo2=' Ch_oce : ' )
614	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
615	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zsq , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zsq : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
616	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
617	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ', mask2=vmask )
618	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce: wndm : ')
619	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zst : ')
620	ENDIF
621
622	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
623	! IV Total FLUXES !
624	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
625	!
626	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
627	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
628	!
629	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
630	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * rLfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
631	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST !LB??? pst is Celsius !?
632	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
633	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
634	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
635	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi
636	qns(:,:) = qns(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
637	!
638	#if defined key_si3
639	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by SI3)
640	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
641	#endif
642	!
643	CALL iom_put( "rho_air" , rhoa ) ! output air density (kg/m^3) !#LB
644	CALL iom_put( "evap_oce" , zevap ) ! evaporation
645	!
646	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
647	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
648	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
649	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
650	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce" , qns-zqlw-zqsb-zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
651	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
652	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
653	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
654	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
655	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
656	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow
657	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
658	ENDIF
659	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
660	CALL iom_put( "t_skin" , (zst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin in Celsius
661	CALL iom_put( "dt_skin" , (zst - pst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin - SST temperature difference...
662	ENDIF
663	!
664	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
665	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
666	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
667	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
668	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
669	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
670	ENDIF
671	!
672	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce
673
674
675
676	#if defined key_si3
677	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
678	!! 'key_si3' SI3 sea-ice model
679	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
680	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
681	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
682	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
683	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
684	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
685	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
686
687	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
688	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
689	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_tau *
690	!!
691	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
692	!!
693	!! ** Method : compute momentum using bulk formulation
694	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
695	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
696	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
697	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
698	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_f , zwndj_f, zwnorm_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
699	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
700	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
701	!
702	! set transfer coefficients to default sea-ice values
703	Cd_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
704	Ch_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
705	Ce_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
706
707	wndm_ice(:,:) = 0._wp !!gm brutal....
708
709	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
710	! Wind module relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
711	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
712	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
713	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
714	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
715	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
716	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
717	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
718	END DO
719	END DO
720	CALL lbc_lnk( 'sbcblk', wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
721	!
722	! Make ice-atm. drag dependent on ice concentration
723	IF ( ln_Cd_L12 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2012) equations
724	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd_atm )
725	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) ! momentum and heat transfer coef. are considered identical
726	ELSEIF( ln_Cd_L15 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2015) equations
727	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd_atm, Ch_atm )
728	ENDIF
729
730	!! CALL iom_put( "rCd_ice", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
731	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_ice", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
732
733	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
734
735	!!gm brutal....
736	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
737	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
738	!!gm end
739
740	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
741	! Wind stress relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
742	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
743	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
744	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
745	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
746	utau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
747	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
748	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
749	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
750	END DO
751	END DO
752	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau_ice, 'U', -1., vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
753	!
754	!
755	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
756	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
757	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: wndm_ice : ')
758	ENDIF
759	!
760	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
761
762
763	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx( ptsu, phs, phi, palb )
764	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
765	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_flx *
766	!!
767	!! ** Purpose : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
768	!!
769	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
770	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using bulk formulation
771	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
772	!!
773	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
774	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
775	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
776	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phs ! snow thickness
777	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phi ! ice thickness
778	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
779	!!
780	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
781	REAL(wp) :: zst3 ! local variable
782	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla ! - -
783	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_rLsub ! - -
784	REAL(wp) :: zfr1, zfr2 ! local variables
785	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z1_st ! inverse of surface temperature
786	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
787	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
788	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
789	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
790	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (SI3)
791	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
792	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
793	!
794	zcoef_dqlw = 4._wp * 0.95_wp * stefan ! local scalars
795	zcoef_dqla = -rLsub * 11637800._wp * (-5897.8_wp) !LB: BAD!
796	!
797
798	!LB:
799	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
800	CASE( np_humi_sph )
801	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
802	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
803	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
804	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
805	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
806	!IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
807	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
808	END SELECT
809	!LB.
810
811	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
812	WHERE( ptsu(:,:,:) /= 0._wp )
813	z1_st(:,:,:) = 1._wp / ptsu(:,:,:)
814	ELSEWHERE
815	z1_st(:,:,:) = 0._wp
816	END WHERE
817	! ! ========================== !
818	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
819	! ! ========================== !
820	DO jj = 1 , jpj
821	DO ji = 1, jpi
822	! ----------------------------!
823	! I Radiative FLUXES !
824	! ----------------------------!
825	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
826	! Short Wave (sw)
827	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
828	! Long Wave (lw)
829	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - stefan * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
830	! lw sensitivity
831	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
832
833	! ----------------------------!
834	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
835	! ----------------------------!
836
837	! ... turbulent heat fluxes with Ch_atm recalculated in blk_ice_tau
838	! Sensible Heat
839	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * (ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
840	! Latent Heat
841	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa(ji,jj) * rLsub * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
842	& ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa(ji,jj) - zqair(ji,jj) ) )
843	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
844	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
845	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
846	& z1_st(ji,jj,jl)z1_st(ji,jj,jl) EXP(-5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl))
847	ELSE
848	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
849	ENDIF
850
851	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
852	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
853
854	! ----------------------------!
855	! III Total FLUXES !
856	! ----------------------------!
857	! Downward Non Solar flux
858	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
859	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
860	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
861	END DO
862	!
863	END DO
864	!
865	END DO
866	!
867	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
868	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
869	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow precipitation
870	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
871
872	! --- evaporation --- !
873	z1_rLsub = 1._wp / rLsub
874	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! sublimation
875	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
876	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
877
878	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
879	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
880	CALL ice_thd_snwblow( (1.-at_i_b(:,:)), zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
881	emp_oce(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
882	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
883	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
884
885	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
886	qemp_oce(:,:) = - ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
887	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
888	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
889	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
890	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
891	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
892
893	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
894	qns_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) &
895	& + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
896	qsr_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
897
898	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
899	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhos * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
900
901	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) ---
902	DO jl = 1, jpl
903	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) )
904	! ! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0degC => evap=0
905	END DO
906
907	! --- shortwave radiation transmitted below the surface (W/m2, see Grenfell Maykut 77) --- !
908	zfr1 = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice ) ! transmission when hi>10cm
909	zfr2 = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice ) ! zfr2 such that zfr1 + zfr2 to equal 1
910	!
911	WHERE ( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) < 0.1_wp ) ! linear decrease from hi=0 to 10cm
912	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * ( zfr1 + zfr2 * ( 1._wp - phi(:,:,:) * 10._wp ) )
913	ELSEWHERE( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) >= 0.1_wp ) ! constant (zfr1) when hi>10cm
914	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * zfr1
915	ELSEWHERE ! zero when hs>0
916	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = 0._wp
917	END WHERE
918	!
919	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
920	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
921	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
922	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
923	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
924	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
925	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
926	ENDIF
927	!
928	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx
929
930
931	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn( ld_virtual_itd, ptsu, ptb, phs, phi )
932	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
933	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_qcn *
934	!!
935	!! ** Purpose : Compute surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux
936	!! to force sea ice / snow thermodynamics
937	!! in the case conduction flux is emulated
938	!!
939	!! ** Method : compute surface energy balance assuming neglecting heat storage
940	!! following the 0-layer Semtner (1976) approach
941	!!
942	!! ** Outputs : - ptsu : sea-ice / snow surface temperature (K)
943	!! - qcn_ice : surface inner conduction flux (W/m2)
944	!!
945	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
946	LOGICAL , INTENT(in ) :: ld_virtual_itd ! single-category option
947	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(inout) :: ptsu ! sea ice / snow surface temperature
948	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: ptb ! sea ice base temperature
949	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phs ! snow thickness
950	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phi ! sea ice thickness
951	!
952	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nit = 10 ! number of iterations
953	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zepsilon = 0.1_wp ! characteristic thickness for enhanced conduction
954	!
955	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
956	INTEGER :: iter ! local integer
957	REAL(wp) :: zfac, zfac2, zfac3 ! local scalars
958	REAL(wp) :: zkeff_h, ztsu, ztsu0 !
959	REAL(wp) :: zqc, zqnet !
960	REAL(wp) :: zhe, zqa0 !
961	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: zgfac ! enhanced conduction factor
962	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
963
964	! -------------------------------------!
965	! I Enhanced conduction factor !
966	! -------------------------------------!
967	! Emulates the enhancement of conduction by unresolved thin ice (ld_virtual_itd = T)
968	! Fichefet and Morales Maqueda, JGR 1997
969	!
970	zgfac(:,:,:) = 1._wp
971
972	IF( ld_virtual_itd ) THEN
973	!
974	zfac = 1._wp / ( rn_cnd_s + rcnd_i )
975	zfac2 = EXP(1._wp) * 0.5_wp * zepsilon
976	zfac3 = 2._wp / zepsilon
977	!
978	DO jl = 1, jpl
979	DO jj = 1 , jpj
980	DO ji = 1, jpi
981	zhe = ( rn_cnd_s * phi(ji,jj,jl) + rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zfac ! Effective thickness
982	IF( zhe >= zfac2 ) zgfac(ji,jj,jl) = MIN( 2._wp, 0.5_wp * ( 1._wp + LOG( zhe * zfac3 ) ) ) ! Enhanced conduction factor
983	END DO
984	END DO
985	END DO
986	!
987	ENDIF
988
989	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
990	! II Surface temperature and conduction flux !
991	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
992	!
993	zfac = rcnd_i * rn_cnd_s
994	!
995	DO jl = 1, jpl
996	DO jj = 1 , jpj
997	DO ji = 1, jpi
998	!
999	zkeff_h = zfac * zgfac(ji,jj,jl) / & ! Effective conductivity of the snow-ice system divided by thickness
1000	& ( rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) + rn_cnd_s * MAX( 0.01, phi(ji,jj,jl) ) )
1001	ztsu = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store current iteration temperature
1002	ztsu0 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store initial surface temperature
1003	zqa0 = qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) ! Net initial atmospheric heat flux
1004	!
1005	DO iter = 1, nit ! --- Iterative loop
1006	zqc = zkeff_h * ( ztsu - ptb(ji,jj) ) ! Conduction heat flux through snow-ice system (>0 downwards)
1007	zqnet = zqa0 + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ztsu - ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) - zqc ! Surface energy budget
1008	ztsu = ztsu - zqnet / ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - zkeff_h ) ! Temperature update
1009	END DO
1010	!
1011	ptsu (ji,jj,jl) = MIN( rt0, ztsu )
1012	qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zkeff_h * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ptb(ji,jj) )
1013	qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 )
1014	qml_ice(ji,jj,jl) = ( qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) ) &
1015	& * MAX( 0._wp , SIGN( 1._wp, ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - rt0 ) )
1016
1017	! --- Diagnose the heat loss due to changing non-solar flux (as in icethd_zdf_bl99) --- !
1018	hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) = hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) - ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 ) ) * a_i_b(ji,jj,jl)
1019
1020	END DO
1021	END DO
1022	!
1023	END DO
1024	!
1025	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn
1026
1027
1028	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd )
1029	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1030	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012 *
1031	!!
1032	!! ** Purpose : Recompute the neutral air-ice drag referenced at 10m
1033	!! to make it dependent on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows.
1034	!! After some approximations, this can be resumed to a dependency
1035	!! on ice concentration.
1036	!!
1037	!! ** Method : The parameterization is taken from Lupkes et al. (2012) eq.(50)
1038	!! with the highest level of approximation: level4, eq.(59)
1039	!! The generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice can be re-written as follows:
1040	!!
1041	!! Cd = Cdw * (1-A) + Cdi * A + Ce * (1-A)*(nu+1/(10beta)) * A**mu
1042	!!
1043	!! Ce = 2.23e-3 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1044	!! nu = mu = beta = 1 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1045	!! A is the concentration of ice minus melt ponds (if any)
1046	!!
1047	!! This new drag has a parabolic shape (as a function of A) starting at
1048	!! Cdw(say 1.5e-3) for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A~0.5
1049	!! and going down to Cdi(say 1.4e-3) for A=1
1050	!!
1051	!! It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ)
1052	!! => see Lupkes et al (2013)
1053	!!
1054	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2012 (theory)
1055	!! Lupkes et al. GRL 2013 (application to GCM)
1056	!!
1057	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1058	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1059	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zCe = 2.23e-03_wp
1060	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: znu = 1._wp
1061	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zmu = 1._wp
1062	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1._wp
1063	REAL(wp) :: zcoef
1064	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1065	zcoef = znu + 1._wp / ( 10._wp * zbeta )
1066
1067	! generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice
1068	!!Cd(:,:) = Cd_oce(:,:) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) + & ! pure ocean drag
1069	!! & rCd_ice * at_i_b(:,:) + & ! pure ice drag
1070	!! & zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**zmu ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1071
1072	! ice-atm drag
1073	Cd(:,:) = rCd_ice + & ! pure ice drag
1074	& zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**(zmu-1._wp) ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1075
1076	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012
1077
1078
1079	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd, Ch )
1080	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1081	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015 *
1082	!!
1083	!! ** pUrpose : Alternative turbulent transfert coefficients formulation
1084	!! between sea-ice and atmosphere with distinct momentum
1085	!! and heat coefficients depending on sea-ice concentration
1086	!! and atmospheric stability (no meltponds effect for now).
1087	!!
1088	!! ** Method : The parameterization is adapted from Lupkes et al. (2015)
1089	!! and ECHAM6 atmospheric model. Compared to Lupkes2012 scheme,
1090	!! it considers specific skin and form drags (Andreas et al. 2010)
1091	!! to compute neutral transfert coefficients for both heat and
1092	!! momemtum fluxes. Atmospheric stability effect on transfert
1093	!! coefficient is also taken into account following Louis (1979).
1094	!!
1095	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2015 (theory)
1096	!! Lupkes et al. ECHAM6 documentation 2015 (implementation)
1097	!!
1098	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1099	!
1100	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1101	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Ch
1102	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztm_su, zst, zqo_sat, zqi_sat
1103	!
1104	! ECHAM6 constants
1105	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_skin_ice = 0.69e-3_wp ! Eq. 43 [m]
1106	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_form_ice = 0.57e-3_wp ! Eq. 42 [m]
1107	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_ice = 1.00e-3_wp ! Eq. 15 [m]
1108	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zce10 = 2.80e-3_wp ! Eq. 41
1109	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1.1_wp ! Eq. 41
1110	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc = 5._wp ! Eq. 13
1111	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc2 = zc * zc
1112	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zam = 2. * zc ! Eq. 14
1113	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zah = 3. * zc ! Eq. 30
1114	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alpha = 1._wp / 0.2_wp ! Eq. 51
1115	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alphaf = z1_alpha ! Eq. 56
1116	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbetah = 1.e-3_wp ! Eq. 26
1117	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zgamma = 1.25_wp ! Eq. 26
1118	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_gamma = 1._wp / zgamma
1119	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: r1_3 = 1._wp / 3._wp
1120	!
1121	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
1122	REAL(wp) :: zthetav_os, zthetav_is, zthetav_zu
1123	REAL(wp) :: zrib_o, zrib_i
1124	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_skin_ice, zCdn_form_ice, zCdn_ice
1125	REAL(wp) :: zChn_skin_ice, zChn_form_ice
1126	REAL(wp) :: z0w, z0i, zfmi, zfmw, zfhi, zfhw
1127	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_form_tmp
1128	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1129
1130	! mean temperature
1131	WHERE( at_i_b(:,:) > 1.e-20 )
1132	ztm_su(:,:) = SUM( t_su(:,:,:) * a_i_b(:,:,:) , dim=3 ) / at_i_b(:,:)
1133	ELSEWHERE
1134	ztm_su(:,:) = rt0
1135	ENDWHERE
1136
1137	! Momentum Neutral Transfert Coefficients (should be a constant)
1138	zCdn_form_tmp = zce10 * ( LOG( 10._wp / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) / LOG( rn_zu / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 40
1139	zCdn_skin_ice = ( vkarmn / LOG( rn_zu / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 7
1140	zCdn_ice = zCdn_skin_ice ! Eq. 7 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1141	!zCdn_ice = 1.89e-3 ! old ECHAM5 value (cf Eq. 32)
1142
1143	! Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1144	zChn_skin_ice = vkarmn*2 / ( LOG( rn_zu / z0_ice + 1._wp ) LOG( rn_zu * z1_alpha / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) ) ! Eq. 50 + Eq. 52 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1145
1146	! Atmospheric and Surface Variables
1147	zst(:,:) = sst_m(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin
1148	zqo_sat(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1149	zqi_sat(:,:) = q_sat( ztm_su(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg] !LB: no 0.98 !!(rdct_qsat_salt)
1150	!
1151	DO jj = 2, jpjm1 ! reduced loop is necessary for reproducibility
1152	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1
1153	! Virtual potential temperature [K]
1154	zthetav_os = zst(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqo_sat(ji,jj) ) ! over ocean
1155	zthetav_is = ztm_su(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqi_sat(ji,jj) ) ! ocean ice
1156	zthetav_zu = t_zu (ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * q_zu(ji,jj) ) ! at zu
1157
1158	! Bulk Richardson Number (could use Ri_bulk function from aerobulk instead)
1159	zrib_o = grav / zthetav_os * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_os ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ocean
1160	zrib_i = grav / zthetav_is * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_is ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm_ice(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ice
1161
1162	! Momentum and Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1163	zCdn_form_ice = zCdn_form_tmp * at_i_b(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) )**zbeta ! Eq. 40
1164	zChn_form_ice = zCdn_form_ice / ( 1._wp + ( LOG( z1_alphaf ) / vkarmn ) * SQRT( zCdn_form_ice ) ) ! Eq. 53
1165
1166	! Momentum and Heat Stability functions (possibility to use psi_m_ecmwf instead)
1167	z0w = rn_zu * EXP( -1._wp * vkarmn / SQRT( Cdn_oce(ji,jj) ) ) ! over water
1168	z0i = z0_skin_ice ! over ice (cf Lupkes email for details)
1169	IF( zrib_o <= 0._wp ) THEN
1170	zfmw = 1._wp - zam * zrib_o / ( 1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * Cdn_oce(ji,jj) * SQRT( -zrib_o * ( rn_zu / z0w + 1._wp ) ) ) ! Eq. 10
1171	zfhw = ( 1._wp + ( zbetah * ( zthetav_os - zthetav_zu )*r1_3 / ( Chn_oce(ji,jj) MAX(0.01, wndm(ji,jj)) ) & ! Eq. 26
1172	& )zgamma )z1_gamma
1173	ELSE
1174	zfmw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 12
1175	zfhw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 28
1176	ENDIF
1177
1178	IF( zrib_i <= 0._wp ) THEN
1179	zfmi = 1._wp - zam * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 9
1180	zfhi = 1._wp - zah * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 25
1181	ELSE
1182	zfmi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 11
1183	zfhi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 27
1184	ENDIF
1185
1186	! Momentum Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 38)
1187	Cd(ji,jj) = zCdn_skin_ice * zfmi + &
1188	& zCdn_form_ice * ( zfmi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfmw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1189
1190	! Heat Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 49)
1191	Ch(ji,jj) = zChn_skin_ice * zfhi + &
1192	& zChn_form_ice * ( zfhi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfhw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1193	!
1194	END DO
1195	END DO
1196	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', Cd, 'T', 1., Ch, 'T', 1. )
1197	!
1198	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015
1199
1200	#endif
1201
1202	!!======================================================================
1203	END MODULE sbcblk

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