[10414] | 1 | \documentclass[../main/NEMO_manual]{subfiles} |
---|
| 2 | |
---|
[6997] | 3 | \begin{document} |
---|
[707] | 4 | |
---|
[1223] | 5 | \chapter{Invariants of the Primitive Equations} |
---|
[11544] | 6 | \label{chap:CONS} |
---|
| 7 | |
---|
[11598] | 8 | \thispagestyle{plain} |
---|
| 9 | |
---|
[11435] | 10 | \chaptertoc |
---|
[707] | 11 | |
---|
[11598] | 12 | \paragraph{Changes record} ~\\ |
---|
| 13 | |
---|
| 14 | {\footnotesize |
---|
| 15 | \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l||X|X} |
---|
| 16 | Release & Author(s) & Modifications \\ |
---|
| 17 | \hline |
---|
| 18 | {\em 4.0} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} \\ |
---|
| 19 | {\em 3.6} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} \\ |
---|
| 20 | {\em 3.4} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} \\ |
---|
| 21 | {\em <=3.4} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} |
---|
| 22 | \end{tabularx} |
---|
| 23 | } |
---|
| 24 | |
---|
| 25 | \clearpage |
---|
| 26 | |
---|
[10354] | 27 | The continuous equations of motion have many analytic properties. |
---|
| 28 | Many quantities (total mass, energy, enstrophy, etc.) are strictly conserved in the inviscid and unforced limit, |
---|
| 29 | while ocean physics conserve the total quantities on which they act (momentum, temperature, salinity) but |
---|
| 30 | dissipate their total variance (energy, enstrophy, etc.). |
---|
| 31 | Unfortunately, the finite difference form of these equations is not guaranteed to |
---|
| 32 | retain all these important properties. |
---|
| 33 | In constructing the finite differencing schemes, we wish to ensure that |
---|
| 34 | certain integral constraints will be maintained. |
---|
| 35 | In particular, it is desirable to construct the finite difference equations so that |
---|
| 36 | horizontal kinetic energy and/or potential enstrophy of horizontally non-divergent flow, |
---|
| 37 | and variance of temperature and salinity will be conserved in the absence of dissipative effects and forcing. |
---|
[11123] | 38 | \citet{arakawa_JCP66} has first pointed out the advantage of this approach. |
---|
[10354] | 39 | He showed that if integral constraints on energy are maintained, |
---|
| 40 | the computation will be free of the troublesome "non linear" instability originally pointed out by |
---|
[11123] | 41 | \citet{phillips_TAMS59}. |
---|
[10354] | 42 | A consistent formulation of the energetic properties is also extremely important in carrying out |
---|
| 43 | long-term numerical simulations for an oceanographic model. |
---|
[11123] | 44 | Such a formulation avoids systematic errors that accumulate with time \citep{bryan_JCP97}. |
---|
[707] | 45 | |
---|
[10354] | 46 | The general philosophy of OPA which has led to the discrete formulation presented in {\S}II.2 and II.3 is to |
---|
| 47 | choose second order non-diffusive scheme for advective terms for both dynamical and tracer equations. |
---|
| 48 | At this level of complexity, the resulting schemes are dispersive schemes. |
---|
| 49 | Therefore, they require the addition of a diffusive operator to be stable. |
---|
| 50 | The alternative is to use diffusive schemes such as upstream or flux corrected schemes. |
---|
| 51 | This last option was rejected because we prefer a complete handling of the model diffusion, |
---|
[11435] | 52 | \ie\ of the model physics rather than letting the advective scheme produces its own implicit diffusion without |
---|
[10354] | 53 | controlling the space and time structure of this implicit diffusion. |
---|
| 54 | Note that in some very specific cases as passive tracer studies, the positivity of the advective scheme is required. |
---|
| 55 | In that case, and in that case only, the advective scheme used for passive tracer is a flux correction scheme |
---|
[11123] | 56 | \citep{Marti1992?, Levy1996?, Levy1998?}. |
---|
[707] | 57 | |
---|
[11597] | 58 | %% ================================================================================================= |
---|
[9393] | 59 | \section{Conservation properties on ocean dynamics} |
---|
[11544] | 60 | \label{sec:CONS_Invariant_dyn} |
---|
[707] | 61 | |
---|
[10354] | 62 | The non linear term of the momentum equations has been split into a vorticity term, |
---|
| 63 | a gradient of horizontal kinetic energy and a vertical advection term. |
---|
| 64 | Three schemes are available for the former (see {\S}~II.2) according to the CPP variable defined |
---|
| 65 | (default option\textbf{?}or \textbf{key{\_}vorenergy} or \textbf{key{\_}vorcombined} defined). |
---|
| 66 | They differ in their conservative properties (energy or enstrophy conserving scheme). |
---|
| 67 | The two latter terms preserve the total kinetic energy: |
---|
| 68 | the large scale kinetic energy is also preserved in practice. |
---|
| 69 | The remaining non-diffusive terms of the momentum equation |
---|
| 70 | (namely the hydrostatic and surface pressure gradient terms) also preserve the total kinetic energy and |
---|
| 71 | have no effect on the vorticity of the flow. |
---|
[707] | 72 | |
---|
| 73 | \textbf{* relative, planetary and total vorticity term:} |
---|
| 74 | |
---|
[10442] | 75 | Let us define as either the relative, planetary and total potential vorticity, \ie, ?, and ?, respectively. |
---|
[10354] | 76 | The continuous formulation of the vorticity term satisfies following integral constraints: |
---|
[10414] | 77 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 78 | % \label{eq:CONS_vor_vorticity} |
---|
[10414] | 79 | \int_D {{\textbf {k}}\cdot \frac{1}{e_3 }\nabla \times \left( {\varsigma |
---|
[11151] | 80 | \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\times {\textbf {U}}_h } \right)\;dv} =0 |
---|
[10414] | 81 | \] |
---|
[707] | 82 | |
---|
[10414] | 83 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 84 | % \label{eq:CONS_vor_enstrophy} |
---|
[10414] | 85 | if\quad \chi =0\quad \quad \int\limits_D {\varsigma \;{\textbf{k}}\cdot |
---|
| 86 | \frac{1}{e_3 }\nabla \times \left( {\varsigma {\textbf{k}}\times {\textbf{U}}_h } \right)\;dv} =-\int\limits_D {\frac{1}{2}\varsigma ^2\,\chi \;dv} |
---|
| 87 | =0 |
---|
| 88 | \] |
---|
[707] | 89 | |
---|
[10414] | 90 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 91 | % \label{eq:CONS_vor_energy} |
---|
[10414] | 92 | \int_D {{\textbf{U}}_h \times \left( {\varsigma \;{\textbf{k}}\times {\textbf{U}}_h } \right)\;dv} =0 |
---|
| 93 | \] |
---|
[10354] | 94 | where $dv = e_1\, e_2\, e_3\, di\, dj\, dk$ is the volume element. |
---|
| 95 | (II.4.1a) means that $\varsigma $ is conserved. (II.4.1b) is obtained by an integration by part. |
---|
| 96 | It means that $\varsigma^2$ is conserved for a horizontally non-divergent flow. |
---|
| 97 | (II.4.1c) is even satisfied locally since the vorticity term is orthogonal to the horizontal velocity. |
---|
| 98 | It means that the vorticity term has no contribution to the evolution of the total kinetic energy. |
---|
| 99 | (II.4.1a) is obviously always satisfied, but (II.4.1b) and (II.4.1c) cannot be satisfied simultaneously with |
---|
| 100 | a second order scheme. |
---|
| 101 | Using the symmetry or anti-symmetry properties of the operators (Eqs II.1.10 and 11), |
---|
| 102 | it can be shown that the scheme (II.2.11) satisfies (II.4.1b) but not (II.4.1c), |
---|
[11544] | 103 | while scheme (II.2.12) satisfies (II.4.1c) but not (II.4.1b) (see appendix C). |
---|
[10354] | 104 | Note that the enstrophy conserving scheme on total vorticity has been chosen as the standard discrete form of |
---|
| 105 | the vorticity term. |
---|
[707] | 106 | |
---|
| 107 | \textbf{* Gradient of kinetic energy / vertical advection} |
---|
| 108 | |
---|
[10354] | 109 | In continuous formulation, the gradient of horizontal kinetic energy has no contribution to the evolution of |
---|
| 110 | the vorticity as the curl of a gradient is zero. |
---|
| 111 | This property is satisfied locally with the discrete form of both the gradient and the curl operator we have made |
---|
| 112 | (property (II.1.9)~). |
---|
| 113 | Another continuous property is that the change of horizontal kinetic energy due to |
---|
| 114 | vertical advection is exactly balanced by the change of horizontal kinetic energy due to |
---|
| 115 | the horizontal gradient of horizontal kinetic energy: |
---|
[707] | 116 | |
---|
[11544] | 117 | \begin{equation} \label{eq:CONS_keg_zad} |
---|
| 118 | \int_D {{\textbf{U}}_h \cdot \nabla _h \left( {1/2\;{\textbf{U}}_h ^2} \right)\;dv} =-\int_D {{\textbf{U}}_h \cdot \frac{w}{e_3 }\;\frac{\partial |
---|
[707] | 119 | {\textbf{U}}_h }{\partial k}\;dv} |
---|
| 120 | \end{equation} |
---|
| 121 | |
---|
[10354] | 122 | Using the discrete form given in {\S}II.2-a and the symmetry or anti-symmetry properties of |
---|
[11544] | 123 | the mean and difference operators, \autoref{eq:CONS_keg_zad} is demonstrated in the Appendix C. |
---|
| 124 | The main point here is that satisfying \autoref{eq:CONS_keg_zad} links the choice of the discrete forms of |
---|
[10354] | 125 | the vertical advection and of the horizontal gradient of horizontal kinetic energy. |
---|
| 126 | Choosing one imposes the other. |
---|
| 127 | The discrete form of the vertical advection given in {\S}II.2-a is a direct consequence of |
---|
| 128 | formulating the horizontal kinetic energy as $1/2 \left( \overline{u^2}^i + \overline{v^2}^j \right) $ in |
---|
| 129 | the gradient term. |
---|
[707] | 130 | |
---|
| 131 | \textbf{* hydrostatic pressure gradient term} |
---|
| 132 | |
---|
[10354] | 133 | In continuous formulation, a pressure gradient has no contribution to the evolution of the vorticity as |
---|
| 134 | the curl of a gradient is zero. |
---|
| 135 | This properties is satisfied locally with the choice of discretization we have made (property (II.1.9)~). |
---|
| 136 | In addition, when the equation of state is linear |
---|
[11435] | 137 | (\ie\ when an advective-diffusive equation for density can be derived from those of temperature and salinity) |
---|
[10354] | 138 | the change of horizontal kinetic energy due to the work of pressure forces is balanced by the change of |
---|
| 139 | potential energy due to buoyancy forces: |
---|
[707] | 140 | |
---|
[10414] | 141 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 142 | % \label{eq:CONS_hpg_pe} |
---|
[10414] | 143 | \int_D {-\frac{1}{\rho_o }\left. {\nabla p^h} \right|_z \cdot {\textbf {U}}_h \;dv} \;=\;\int_D {\nabla .\left( {\rho \,{\textbf{U}}} \right)\;g\;z\;\;dv} |
---|
| 144 | \] |
---|
[707] | 145 | |
---|
[10354] | 146 | Using the discrete form given in {\S}~II.2-a and the symmetry or anti-symmetry properties of |
---|
| 147 | the mean and difference operators, (II.4.3) is demonstrated in the Appendix C. |
---|
[11544] | 148 | The main point here is that satisfying (II.4.3) strongly constraints the discrete expression of the depth of |
---|
[10354] | 149 | $T$-points and of the term added to the pressure gradient in $s-$coordinates: the depth of a $T$-point, $z_T$, |
---|
| 150 | is defined as the sum the vertical scale factors at $w$-points starting from the surface. |
---|
[707] | 151 | |
---|
| 152 | \textbf{* surface pressure gradient term} |
---|
| 153 | |
---|
[10354] | 154 | In continuous formulation, the surface pressure gradient has no contribution to the evolution of vorticity. |
---|
| 155 | This properties is trivially satisfied locally as (II.2.3) |
---|
| 156 | (the equation verified by $\psi$ has been derived from the discrete formulation of the momentum equations, |
---|
| 157 | vertical sum and curl). |
---|
| 158 | Nevertheless, the $\psi$-equation is solved numerically by an iterative solver (see {\S}~III.5), |
---|
| 159 | thus the property is only satisfied with the accuracy required on the solver. |
---|
[11544] | 160 | In addition, with the rigid-lid approximation, the change of horizontal kinetic energy due to the work of |
---|
[707] | 161 | surface pressure forces is exactly zero: |
---|
[10414] | 162 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 163 | % \label{eq:CONS_spg} |
---|
[10414] | 164 | \int_D {-\frac{1}{\rho_o }\nabla _h } \left( {p_s } \right)\cdot {\textbf{U}}_h \;dv=0 |
---|
| 165 | \] |
---|
[707] | 166 | |
---|
[10354] | 167 | (II.4.4) is satisfied in discrete form only if |
---|
| 168 | the discrete barotropic streamfunction time evolution equation is given by (II.2.3) (see appendix C). |
---|
| 169 | This shows that (II.2.3) is the only way to compute the streamfunction, |
---|
| 170 | otherwise there is no guarantee that the surface pressure force work vanishes. |
---|
[707] | 171 | |
---|
[11597] | 172 | %% ================================================================================================= |
---|
[9393] | 173 | \section{Conservation properties on ocean thermodynamics} |
---|
[11544] | 174 | \label{sec:CONS_Invariant_tra} |
---|
[707] | 175 | |
---|
[10354] | 176 | In continuous formulation, the advective terms of the tracer equations conserve the tracer content and |
---|
[10442] | 177 | the quadratic form of the tracer, \ie |
---|
[10414] | 178 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 179 | % \label{eq:CONS_tra_tra2} |
---|
[10414] | 180 | \int_D {\nabla .\left( {T\;{\textbf{U}}} \right)\;dv} =0 |
---|
| 181 | \;\text{and} |
---|
| 182 | \int_D {T\;\nabla .\left( {T\;{\textbf{U}}} \right)\;dv} =0 |
---|
| 183 | \] |
---|
[707] | 184 | |
---|
[10354] | 185 | The numerical scheme used ({\S}II.2-b) (equations in flux form, second order centred finite differences) satisfies |
---|
| 186 | (II.4.5) (see appendix C). |
---|
| 187 | Note that in both continuous and discrete formulations, there is generally no strict conservation of mass, |
---|
| 188 | since the equation of state is non linear with respect to $T$ and $S$. |
---|
[11544] | 189 | In practice, the mass is conserved with a very good accuracy. |
---|
[707] | 190 | |
---|
[11597] | 191 | %% ================================================================================================= |
---|
[9393] | 192 | \subsection{Conservation properties on momentum physics} |
---|
[11544] | 193 | \label{subsec:CONS_Invariant_dyn_physics} |
---|
[707] | 194 | |
---|
| 195 | \textbf{* lateral momentum diffusion term} |
---|
| 196 | |
---|
[10354] | 197 | The continuous formulation of the horizontal diffusion of momentum satisfies the following integral constraints~: |
---|
[10414] | 198 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 199 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynldf_dyn} |
---|
[11151] | 200 | \int\limits_D {\frac{1}{e_3 }{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\cdot \nabla \times \left[ {\nabla |
---|
[10414] | 201 | _h \left( {A^{lm}\;\chi } \right)-\nabla _h \times \left( {A^{lm}\;\zeta |
---|
[11151] | 202 | \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}} \right)} \right]\;dv} =0 |
---|
[10414] | 203 | \] |
---|
[707] | 204 | |
---|
[10414] | 205 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 206 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynldf_div} |
---|
[10414] | 207 | \int\limits_D {\nabla _h \cdot \left[ {\nabla _h \left( {A^{lm}\;\chi } |
---|
[11151] | 208 | \right)-\nabla _h \times \left( {A^{lm}\;\zeta \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}} \right)} |
---|
[10414] | 209 | \right]\;dv} =0 |
---|
| 210 | \] |
---|
[707] | 211 | |
---|
[10414] | 212 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 213 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynldf_curl} |
---|
[11151] | 214 | \int_D {{\mathrm {\mathbf U}}_h \cdot \left[ {\nabla _h \left( {A^{lm}\;\chi } |
---|
| 215 | \right)-\nabla _h \times \left( {A^{lm}\;\zeta \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}} \right)} |
---|
[10414] | 216 | \right]\;dv} \leqslant 0 |
---|
| 217 | \] |
---|
[707] | 218 | |
---|
[10414] | 219 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 220 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynldf_curl2} |
---|
[11151] | 221 | \mbox{if}\quad A^{lm}=cste\quad \quad \int_D {\zeta \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\cdot |
---|
[10414] | 222 | \nabla \times \left[ {\nabla _h \left( {A^{lm}\;\chi } \right)-\nabla _h |
---|
[11151] | 223 | \times \left( {A^{lm}\;\zeta \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}} \right)} \right]\;dv} |
---|
[10414] | 224 | \leqslant 0 |
---|
| 225 | \] |
---|
[707] | 226 | |
---|
[10414] | 227 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 228 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynldf_div2} |
---|
[10414] | 229 | \mbox{if}\quad A^{lm}=cste\quad \quad \int_D {\chi \;\nabla _h \cdot \left[ |
---|
| 230 | {\nabla _h \left( {A^{lm}\;\chi } \right)-\nabla _h \times \left( |
---|
[11151] | 231 | {A^{lm}\;\zeta \;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}} \right)} \right]\;dv} \leqslant 0 |
---|
[10414] | 232 | \] |
---|
[707] | 233 | |
---|
[10354] | 234 | (II.4.6a) and (II.4.6b) means that the horizontal diffusion of momentum conserve both the potential vorticity and |
---|
| 235 | the divergence of the flow, while Eqs (II.4.6c) to (II.4.6e) mean that it dissipates the energy, the enstrophy and |
---|
| 236 | the square of the divergence. |
---|
| 237 | The two latter properties are only satisfied when the eddy coefficients are horizontally uniform. |
---|
[707] | 238 | |
---|
[10354] | 239 | Using (II.1.8) and (II.1.9), and the symmetry or anti-symmetry properties of the mean and difference operators, |
---|
| 240 | it is shown that the discrete form of the lateral momentum diffusion given in |
---|
| 241 | {\S}II.2-c satisfies all the integral constraints (II.4.6) (see appendix C). |
---|
| 242 | In particular, when the eddy coefficients are horizontally uniform, |
---|
| 243 | a complete separation of vorticity and horizontal divergence fields is ensured, |
---|
| 244 | so that diffusion (dissipation) of vorticity (enstrophy) does not generate horizontal divergence |
---|
| 245 | (variance of the horizontal divergence) and \textit{vice versa}. |
---|
| 246 | When the vertical curl of the horizontal diffusion of momentum (discrete sense) is taken, |
---|
| 247 | the term associated to the horizontal gradient of the divergence is zero locally. |
---|
| 248 | When the horizontal divergence of the horizontal diffusion of momentum (discrete sense) is taken, |
---|
| 249 | the term associated to the vertical curl of the vorticity is zero locally. |
---|
| 250 | The resulting term conserves $\chi$ and dissipates $\chi^2$ when the eddy coefficient is horizontally uniform. |
---|
[707] | 251 | |
---|
| 252 | \textbf{* vertical momentum diffusion term} |
---|
| 253 | |
---|
[10354] | 254 | As for the lateral momentum physics, the continuous form of the vertical diffusion of |
---|
| 255 | momentum satisfies following integral constraints~: |
---|
[707] | 256 | |
---|
| 257 | conservation of momentum, dissipation of horizontal kinetic energy |
---|
| 258 | |
---|
[10414] | 259 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 260 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynzdf_dyn} |
---|
[10414] | 261 | \begin{aligned} |
---|
| 262 | & \int_D {\frac{1}{e_3 }} \frac{\partial }{\partial k}\left( \frac{A^{vm}}{e_3 }\frac{\partial {\textbf{U}}_h }{\partial k} \right) \;dv = \overrightarrow{\textbf{0}} \\ |
---|
| 263 | & \int_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \frac{1}{e_3} \frac{\partial}{\partial k} \left( {\frac{A^{vm}}{e_3 }}{\frac{\partial \textbf{U}_h }{\partial k}} \right) \;dv \leq 0 \\ |
---|
| 264 | \end{aligned} |
---|
| 265 | \] |
---|
[707] | 266 | conservation of vorticity, dissipation of enstrophy |
---|
[10414] | 267 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 268 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynzdf_vor} |
---|
[10414] | 269 | \begin{aligned} |
---|
[11151] | 270 | & \int_D {\frac{1}{e_3 }{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\cdot \nabla \times \left( {\frac{1}{e_3 |
---|
| 271 | }\frac{\partial }{\partial k}\left( {\frac{A^{vm}}{e_3 }\frac{\partial {\mathrm |
---|
| 272 | {\mathbf U}}_h }{\partial k}} \right)} \right)\;dv} =0 \\ |
---|
| 273 | & \int_D {\zeta \,{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\cdot \nabla \times \left( {\frac{1}{e_3 |
---|
| 274 | }\frac{\partial }{\partial k}\left( {\frac{A^{vm}}{e_3 }\frac{\partial {\mathrm |
---|
| 275 | {\mathbf U}}_h }{\partial k}} \right)} \right)\;dv} \leq 0 \\ |
---|
[10414] | 276 | \end{aligned} |
---|
| 277 | \] |
---|
[10354] | 278 | conservation of horizontal divergence, dissipation of square of the horizontal divergence |
---|
[10414] | 279 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 280 | % \label{eq:CONS_dynzdf_div} |
---|
[10414] | 281 | \begin{aligned} |
---|
| 282 | &\int_D {\nabla \cdot \left( {\frac{1}{e_3 }\frac{\partial }{\partial |
---|
[11151] | 283 | k}\left( {\frac{A^{vm}}{e_3 }\frac{\partial {\mathrm {\mathbf U}}_h }{\partial k}} |
---|
[10414] | 284 | \right)} \right)\;dv} =0 \\ |
---|
| 285 | & \int_D {\chi \;\nabla \cdot \left( {\frac{1}{e_3 }\frac{\partial }{\partial |
---|
[11151] | 286 | k}\left( {\frac{A^{vm}}{e_3 }\frac{\partial {\mathrm {\mathbf U}}_h }{\partial k}} |
---|
[10414] | 287 | \right)} \right)\;dv} \leq 0 \\ |
---|
| 288 | \end{aligned} |
---|
| 289 | \] |
---|
[707] | 290 | |
---|
[10354] | 291 | In discrete form, all these properties are satisfied in $z$-coordinate (see Appendix C). |
---|
| 292 | In $s$-coordinates, only first order properties can be demonstrated, |
---|
[11435] | 293 | \ie\ the vertical momentum physics conserve momentum, potential vorticity, and horizontal divergence. |
---|
[707] | 294 | |
---|
[11597] | 295 | %% ================================================================================================= |
---|
[9393] | 296 | \subsection{Conservation properties on tracer physics} |
---|
[11544] | 297 | \label{subsec:CONS_Invariant_tra_physics} |
---|
[707] | 298 | |
---|
[10354] | 299 | The numerical schemes used for tracer subgridscale physics are written in such a way that |
---|
| 300 | the heat and salt contents are conserved (equations in flux form, second order centred finite differences). |
---|
| 301 | As a form flux is used to compute the temperature and salinity, |
---|
[11435] | 302 | the quadratic form of these quantities (\ie\ their variance) globally tends to diminish. |
---|
[10354] | 303 | As for the advective term, there is generally no strict conservation of mass even if, |
---|
[11544] | 304 | in practice, the mass is conserved with a very good accuracy. |
---|
[707] | 305 | |
---|
[11544] | 306 | \textbf{* lateral physics: }conservation of tracer, dissipation of tracer |
---|
[707] | 307 | variance, i.e. |
---|
| 308 | |
---|
[10414] | 309 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 310 | % \label{eq:CONS_traldf_t_t2} |
---|
[10414] | 311 | \begin{aligned} |
---|
| 312 | &\int_D \nabla\, \cdot\, \left( A^{lT} \,\Re \,\nabla \,T \right)\;dv = 0 \\ |
---|
| 313 | &\int_D \,T\, \nabla\, \cdot\, \left( A^{lT} \,\Re \,\nabla \,T \right)\;dv \leq 0 \\ |
---|
| 314 | \end{aligned} |
---|
| 315 | \] |
---|
[707] | 316 | |
---|
[10442] | 317 | \textbf{* vertical physics: }conservation of tracer, dissipation of tracer variance, \ie |
---|
[707] | 318 | |
---|
[10414] | 319 | \[ |
---|
[11544] | 320 | % \label{eq:CONS_trazdf_t_t2} |
---|
[10414] | 321 | \begin{aligned} |
---|
| 322 | & \int_D \frac{1}{e_3 } \frac{\partial }{\partial k}\left( \frac{A^{vT}}{e_3 } \frac{\partial T}{\partial k} \right)\;dv = 0 \\ |
---|
| 323 | & \int_D \,T \frac{1}{e_3 } \frac{\partial }{\partial k}\left( \frac{A^{vT}}{e_3 } \frac{\partial T}{\partial k} \right)\;dv \leq 0 \\ |
---|
| 324 | \end{aligned} |
---|
| 325 | \] |
---|
[707] | 326 | |
---|
[10354] | 327 | Using the symmetry or anti-symmetry properties of the mean and difference operators, |
---|
| 328 | it is shown that the discrete form of tracer physics given in {\S}~II.2-c satisfies all the integral constraints |
---|
| 329 | (II.4.8) and (II.4.9) except the dissipation of the square of the tracer when non-geopotential diffusion is used |
---|
| 330 | (see appendix C). |
---|
| 331 | A discrete form of the lateral tracer physics can be derived which satisfies these last properties. |
---|
| 332 | Nevertheless, it requires a horizontal averaging of the vertical component of the lateral physics that |
---|
| 333 | prevents the use of implicit resolution in the vertical. |
---|
| 334 | It has not been implemented. |
---|
[707] | 335 | |
---|
[11693] | 336 | \subinc{\input{../../global/epilogue}} |
---|
[10414] | 337 | |
---|
[6997] | 338 | \end{document} |
---|