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4 | @STRING{AP = {Academic Press}} |
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5 | |
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6 | @STRING{AREPS = {Annual Review of Earth Planetary Science}} |
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7 | |
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8 | @STRING{ARFM = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics}} |
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9 | |
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10 | @STRING{ASL = {Atmospheric Science Letters}} |
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11 | |
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12 | @STRING{AW = {Addison-Wesley}} |
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13 | |
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14 | @STRING{CD = {Clim. Dyn.}} |
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15 | |
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16 | @STRING{CP = {Clarendon Press}} |
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17 | |
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18 | @STRING{CUP = {Cambridge University Press}} |
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19 | |
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20 | @STRING{D = {Dover Publications}} |
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21 | |
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22 | @STRING{DAO = {Dyn. Atmos. Ocean}} |
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23 | |
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24 | @STRING{DSR = {Deep-Sea Res.}} |
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25 | |
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26 | @STRING{E = {Eyrolles}} |
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27 | |
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28 | @STRING{GRL = {Geophys. Res. Let.}} |
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29 | |
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30 | @STRING{I = {Interscience}} |
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31 | |
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32 | @STRING{JAOT = {J. Atmos. Ocean Tech.}} |
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33 | |
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34 | @STRING{JAS = {J. Atmos. Sc.}} |
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35 | |
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36 | @STRING{JC = {J. Climate}} |
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37 | |
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38 | @STRING{JCP = {J. Comput. Phys.}} |
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39 | |
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40 | @STRING{JGR = {J. Geophys. Res}} |
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41 | |
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42 | @STRING{JHUP = {The Johns Hopkins University Press}} |
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43 | |
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44 | @STRING{JMR = {J. Mar. Res.}} |
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45 | |
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46 | @STRING{JMS = {J. Mar. Sys.}} |
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47 | |
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48 | @STRING{JMSJ = {J. Met. Soc. Japan}} |
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49 | |
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50 | @STRING{JPO = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.}} |
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51 | |
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52 | @STRING{JWS = {John Wiley and Sons}} |
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53 | |
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54 | @STRING{M = {Macmillan}} |
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55 | |
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56 | @STRING{MGH = {McGraw-Hill}} |
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57 | |
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58 | @STRING{MWR = {Mon. Wea. Rev.}} |
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59 | |
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60 | @STRING{Nature = {Nat.}} |
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61 | |
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62 | @STRING{NH = {North-Holland}} |
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63 | |
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64 | @STRING{Ocean = {Oceanology}} |
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65 | |
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66 | @STRING{OD = {Ocean Dynamics}} |
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67 | |
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68 | @STRING{OM = {Ocean Modelling}} |
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69 | |
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70 | @STRING{OS = {Ocean Science}} |
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71 | |
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72 | @STRING{OUP = {Oxford University Press}} |
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73 | |
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74 | @STRING{PH = {Prentice-Hall}} |
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75 | |
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76 | @STRING{PO = {Prog. Oceangr.}} |
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77 | |
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78 | @STRING{PP = {Pergamon Press}} |
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79 | |
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80 | @STRING{PRSL = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London}} |
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81 | |
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82 | @STRING{QJRMS = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.}} |
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83 | |
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84 | @STRING{Recherche = {La Recherche}} |
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85 | |
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86 | @STRING{Science = {Science}} |
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87 | |
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88 | @STRING{SV = {Springer-Verlag}} |
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89 | |
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90 | @STRING{Tellus = {Tellus}} |
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91 | |
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92 | @ARTICLE{Adcroft_Campin_OM04, |
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93 | author = {A. Adcroft and J.-M. Campin}, |
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94 | title = {Re-scaled height coordinates for accurate representation of free-surface |
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95 | flows in ocean circulation models}, |
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96 | journal = OM, |
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97 | year = {2004}, |
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98 | volume = {7}, |
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99 | owner = {gm}, |
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100 | timestamp = {2008.01.27} |
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101 | } |
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102 | |
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103 | @ARTICLE{Arakawa1966, |
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104 | author = {A. Arakawa}, |
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105 | title = {Computational design for long term numerical integration of the equations |
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106 | of fluid motion, two-dimensional incompressible flow, Part. I.}, |
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107 | journal = JCP, |
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108 | year = {1966}, |
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109 | volume = {I}, |
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110 | pages = {119--149}, |
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111 | owner = {gm}, |
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112 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
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113 | } |
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114 | |
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115 | @ARTICLE{Arakawa_Hsu_MWR90, |
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116 | author = {A. Arakawa and Y.-J. G. Hsu}, |
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117 | title = {Energy Conserving and Potential-Enstrophy Dissipating Schemes for |
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118 | the Shallow Water Equations}, |
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119 | journal = MWR, |
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120 | year = {1990}, |
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121 | volume = {118}, |
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122 | pages = {1960--1969}, |
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123 | number = {10}, |
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124 | abstract = {To incorporate potential enstrophy dissipation into discrete shallow |
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125 | water equations with no or arbitrarily small energy dissipation, |
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126 | a family of finite-difference schemes have been derived with which |
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127 | potential enstrophy is guaranteed to decrease while energy is conserved |
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128 | (when the mass flux is nondivergent and time is continuous). Among |
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129 | this family of schemes, there is a member that minimizes the spurious |
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130 | impact of infinite potential vorticities associated with infinitesimal |
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131 | fluid depth. The scheme is, therefore, useful for problems in which |
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132 | the free surface may intersect with the lower boundary.}, |
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133 | date = {October 01, 1990}, |
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134 | owner = {gm}, |
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135 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
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136 | } |
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137 | |
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138 | @ARTICLE{Arakawa_Lamb_MWR81, |
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139 | author = {Arakawa, Akio and Lamb, Vivian R.}, |
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140 | title = {A Potential Enstrophy and Energy Conserving Scheme for the Shallow |
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141 | Water Equations}, |
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142 | journal = MWR, |
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143 | year = {1981}, |
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144 | volume = {109}, |
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145 | pages = {18--36}, |
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146 | number = {1}, |
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147 | abstract = {To improve the simulation of nonlinear aspects of the flow over steep |
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148 | topography, a potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for |
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149 | the shallow water equations is derived. It is pointed out that a |
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150 | family of schemes can conserve total energy for general flow and |
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151 | potential enstrophy for flow with no mass flux divergence. The newly |
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152 | derived scheme is a unique member of this family, that conserves |
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153 | both potential enstrophy and energy for general flow. Comparison |
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154 | by means of numerical experiment with a scheme that conserves (potential) |
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155 | enstrophy for purely horizontal nondivergent flow demonstrated the |
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156 | considerable superiority of the newly derived potential enstrophy |
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157 | and energy conserving scheme, not only in suppressing a spurious |
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158 | energy cascade but also in determining the overall flow regime. The |
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159 | potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for a spherical |
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160 | grid is also presented.}, |
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161 | date = {January 01, 1981}, |
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162 | owner = {gm}, |
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163 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
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164 | } |
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165 | |
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166 | @ARTICLE{Arhan2006, |
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167 | author = {M. Arhan and A.M. Treguier and B. Bourles and S. Michel}, |
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168 | title = {Diagnosing the annual cycle of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the |
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169 | Atlantic Ocean from a general circulation model}, |
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170 | journal = JPO, |
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171 | year = {2006}, |
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172 | volume = { 36}, |
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173 | pages = {1502--1522} |
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174 | } |
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175 | |
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176 | @ARTICLE{ASSELIN1972, |
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177 | author = {R. Asselin}, |
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178 | title = {Frequency Filter for Time Integrations}, |
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179 | journal = MWR, |
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180 | year = {1972}, |
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181 | volume = {100}, |
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182 | pages = {487--490}, |
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183 | number = {6}, |
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184 | abstract = {A simple filter for controlling high-frequency computational and physical |
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185 | modes arising in time integrations is proposed. A linear analysis |
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186 | of the filter with leapfrog, implicit, and semi-implicit, differences |
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187 | is made. The filter very quickly removes the computational mode and |
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188 | is also very useful in damping high-frequency physical waves. The |
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189 | stability of the leapfrog scheme is adversely affected when a large |
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190 | filter parameter is used, but the analysis shows that the use of |
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191 | centered differences with frequency filter is still more advantageous |
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192 | than the use of the Euler-backward method. An example of the use |
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193 | of the filter in an actual forecast with the meteorological equations |
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194 | is shown.}, |
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195 | date = {June 01, 1972}, |
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196 | owner = {gm}, |
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197 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
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198 | } |
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199 | |
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200 | @ARTICLE{Atmadipoera_al_DSR09, |
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201 | author = {A. Atmadipoera and R. Molcard and G. Madec and S.Wijffels and J. |
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202 | Sprintall and A. Koch-Larrouy and I. Jaya and A. Supangat}, |
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203 | title = {Characteristics and Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow Water |
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204 | at the Outflow Straits}, |
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205 | journal = DSR, |
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206 | year = {2009}, |
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207 | volume = {in press}, |
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208 | owner = {gm}, |
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209 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
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210 | } |
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211 | |
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212 | @ARTICLE{Aumont_al_GBC99, |
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213 | author = {O. Aumont and P. Monfray and J. C. Orr and G. Madec and E. Maier-Reimer}, |
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214 | title = {Nutrient trapping in the equatorial Pacific: The ocean circulation |
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215 | solution}, |
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216 | journal = GBC, |
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217 | year = {1999}, |
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218 | volume = {13}, |
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219 | pages = {351--369}, |
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220 | owner = {gm}, |
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221 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
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222 | } |
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223 | |
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224 | @ARTICLE{Aumont_al_CD98, |
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225 | author = {O. Aumont and J.C. Orr and D. Jamous and P. Monfray and O. Marti |
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226 | and G. Madec}, |
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227 | title = {A degradation approach to accelerate simulations to steady state |
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228 | in a 3-D tracer transport model of the global ocean}, |
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229 | journal = CD, |
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230 | year = {1998}, |
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231 | volume = {14}, |
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232 | pages = {101--116}, |
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233 | owner = {gm}, |
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234 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
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235 | } |
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236 | |
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237 | @ARTICLE{Axell_JGR02, |
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238 | author = {L. B. Axell}, |
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239 | title = {Wind-driven internal waves and Langmuir circulations in a numerical |
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240 | ocean model of the southern Baltic Sea}, |
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241 | journal = JGR, |
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242 | year = {2002}, |
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243 | volume = {107}, |
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244 | doi = {doi:10.1029/2001JC000922}, |
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245 | owner = {gm}, |
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246 | timestamp = {2009.01.16} |
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247 | } |
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248 | |
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249 | @ARTICLE{Ayina_al_JC06, |
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250 | author = {L.-H. Ayina and A. Bentamy and A. Munes-Mestaz and G. Madec}, |
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251 | title = {The Impact of Satellite Winds and Latent Heat Fluxes in a Numerical |
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252 | Simulation of the Tropical Pacific Ocean}, |
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253 | journal = JC, |
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254 | year = {2006}, |
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255 | volume = {19}, |
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256 | pages = {5889–-5902}, |
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257 | owner = {gm}, |
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258 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
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259 | } |
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260 | |
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261 | @ARTICLE{Barnier_al_OD06, |
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262 | author = {B. Barnier and G. Madec and T. Penduff and J.-M. Molines and A.-M. |
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263 | Treguier and J. Le Sommer and A. Beckmann and A. Biastoch and C. |
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264 | Boning and J. Dengg and C. Derval and E. Durand and S. Gulev and |
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265 | E. Remy and C. Talandier and S. Theetten and M. Maltrud and J. McClean |
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266 | and B. De Cuevas}, |
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267 | title = {Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global |
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268 | ocean circulation model at eddy-permitting resolution.}, |
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269 | journal = OD, |
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270 | year = {2006}, |
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271 | volume = {56}, |
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272 | pages = {543--567}, |
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273 | doi = {10.1007/s10236-006-0082-1}, |
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274 | owner = {gm}, |
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275 | timestamp = {2008.01.25} |
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276 | } |
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277 | |
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278 | @INCOLLECTION{Barnier1996, |
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279 | author = {B. Barnier and P. Marchesiello and A.P. de Miranda}, |
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280 | title = {Modeling the ocean circulation in the South Atlantic: A strategy |
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281 | for dealing with open boundaries}, |
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282 | booktitle = {The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation}, |
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283 | publisher = {Springer-Verlag, Berlin}, |
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284 | year = {1996}, |
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285 | editor = {G.Wefer and W.H. Berger and G Siedler and D. Webb}, |
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286 | pages = {289-304} |
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287 | } |
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288 | |
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289 | @ARTICLE{Barnier1998, |
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290 | author = {B. Barnier and P. Marchesiello and A. P. de Miranda and J.M. Molines |
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291 | and M. Coulibaly}, |
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292 | title = {A sigma-coordinate primitive equation model for studying the circulation |
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293 | in the South Atlantic I, Model configuration with error estimates}, |
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294 | journal = DSR, |
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295 | year = {1998}, |
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296 | volume = {45}, |
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297 | pages = {543--572} |
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298 | } |
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299 | |
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300 | @ARTICLE{Barthelet_al_CRAS98, |
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301 | author = {P. Barthelet and S. Bony and P. Braconnot and A. Braum and D. Cariolle |
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302 | and E. Cohen-Solal and J.-L. Dufresne and P. Delecluse and M. D\'{e}qu\'{e} |
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303 | and L. Fairhead and M.-A. Filiberti and M. Forichon and J.-Y. Grandpeix |
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304 | and E. Guilyardi and M.-N. Houssais and M. Imbard and H. Le Treut |
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305 | and C. Lévy and Z.X. Li and G. Madec and P. Marquet and O. Marti |
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306 | and S. Planton and L. Terray and O. Thual and S. Valcke}, |
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307 | title = {Global coupled simulations of climate change due to increased atmospheric |
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308 | CO2 concentration. C. R. Acad. Sci Paris, 326, 677-684.}, |
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309 | journal = {C. R. Acad. Sci Paris}, |
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310 | year = {1998}, |
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311 | volume = {326}, |
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312 | pages = {677--684}, |
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313 | owner = {gm}, |
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314 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
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315 | } |
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316 | |
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317 | @ARTICLE{Beckmann1998, |
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318 | author = {A. Beckmann}, |
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319 | title = {The representation of bottom boundary layer processes in numerical |
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320 | ocean circulation models.}, |
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321 | journal = {Ocean modelling and parameterization, E. P. Chassignet and J. Verron |
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322 | (eds.), NATO Science Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers}, |
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323 | year = {1998}, |
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324 | owner = {gm}, |
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325 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
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326 | } |
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327 | |
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328 | @ARTICLE{BeckDos1998, |
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329 | author = {A. Beckmann and R. D\"{o}scher}, |
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330 | title = {A method for improved representation of dense water spreading over |
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331 | topography in geopotential-coordinate models}, |
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332 | journal = JPO, |
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333 | year = {1998}, |
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334 | volume = {27}, |
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335 | pages = {581--591}, |
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336 | owner = {gm}, |
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337 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
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338 | } |
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339 | |
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340 | @ARTICLE{Beckmann1993, |
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341 | author = {A. Beckmann and D. B. Haidvogel}, |
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342 | title = {Numerical Simulation of Flow around a Tall Isolated Seamount. Part |
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343 | I - Problem Formulation and Model Accuracy}, |
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344 | journal = JPO, |
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345 | year = {1993}, |
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346 | volume = {23}, |
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347 | pages = {1736--1753}, |
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348 | number = {8}, |
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349 | abstract = {A sigma coordinate ocean circulation model is employed to study flow |
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350 | trapped to a tall seamount in a periodic f-plane channel. In Part |
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351 | I, errors arising from the pressure gradient formulation in the steep |
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352 | topography/strong stratification limit are examined. To illustrate |
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353 | the error properties, a linearized adiabatic version of the model |
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354 | is considered, both with and without forcing, and starting from a |
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355 | resting state with level isopycnals. The systematic discretization |
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356 | errors from the horizontal pressure gradient terms are shown analytically |
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357 | to increase with steeper topography (relative to a fixed horizontal |
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358 | grid) and for stronger stratification (as measured by the Burger |
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359 | number). For an initially quiescent unforced ocean, the pressure |
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360 | gradient errors produce a spurious oscillating current that, at the |
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361 | end of 10 days, is approximately 1 cm s−1 in amplitude. The |
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362 | period of the spurious oscillation (about 0.5 days) is shown to be |
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363 | a consequence of the particular form of the pressure gradient terms |
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364 | in the sigma coordinate system. With the addition of an alongchannel |
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365 | diurnal forcing, resonantly generated seamount-trapped waves are |
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366 | observed to form. Error levels in these solutions are less than those |
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367 | in the unforced cases; spurious time-mean currents are several orders |
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368 | of magnitude less in amplitude than the resonant propagating waves. |
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369 | However, numerical instability is encountered in a wider range of |
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370 | parameter space. The properties of these resonantly generated waves |
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371 | is explored in detail in Part II of this study. Several new formulations |
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372 | of the pressure gradient terms are tested. Two of the formulations—constructed |
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373 | to have additional conservation properties relative to the traditional |
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374 | form of the pressure gradient terms (conservation of JEBAR and conservation |
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375 | of energy)—are found to have error properties generally similar |
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376 | to those of the traditional formulation. A corrected gradient algorithm, |
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377 | based upon vertical interpolation of the pressure field, has a dramatically |
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378 | reduced error level but a much more restrictive range of stable behavior.}, |
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379 | date = {August 01, 1993}, |
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380 | owner = {gm}, |
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381 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
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382 | } |
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383 | |
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384 | @ARTICLE{Bernie_al_CD08, |
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385 | author = {D. Bernie and E. Guilyardi and G. Madec and J. M. Slingo and S. J. |
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386 | Woolnough}, |
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387 | title = {Impact of resolving the diurnal cycle in an ocean–atmosphere GCM. |
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388 | Part 2: A diurnally coupled CGCM}, |
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389 | journal = CD, |
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390 | year = {2008}, |
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391 | volume = {31, 7}, |
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392 | pages = {909--925}, |
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393 | owner = {gm}, |
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394 | timestamp = {2009.08.16}, |
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395 | url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0429-z} |
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396 | } |
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397 | |
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398 | @ARTICLE{Bernie_al_CD07, |
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399 | author = {D. Bernie and E. Guilyardi and G. Madec and J. M. Slingo and S. J. |
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400 | Woolnough}, |
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401 | title = {Impact of resolving the diurnal cycle in an ocean–atmosphere GCM. |
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402 | Part 1: a diurnally forced OGCM}, |
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403 | journal = CD, |
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404 | year = {2007}, |
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405 | volume = {29, 6}, |
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406 | pages = {575--590}, |
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407 | owner = {gm}, |
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408 | timestamp = {2009.08.16} |
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409 | } |
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410 | |
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411 | @ARTICLE{Bessiere_al_GRL08, |
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412 | author = {L. Bessi\'{e}res and G. Madec and F. Lyard}, |
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413 | title = {Global Tidal Residual Mean Circulation: Does it Affect a Climate |
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414 | OGCM?}, |
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415 | journal = GRL, |
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416 | year = {2008}, |
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417 | volume = {35}, |
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418 | pages = {L03609}, |
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419 | doi = {10.1029/2007GL032644}, |
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420 | owner = {gm}, |
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421 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
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422 | } |
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423 | |
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424 | @ARTICLE{Biastoch_al_JC08, |
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425 | author = {A. Biastoch and C. W. Böning and J. Getzlaff and J.-M. Molines and |
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426 | G. Madec}, |
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427 | title = {Causes of interannual – decadal variability in the meridional overturning |
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428 | circulation of the mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean}, |
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429 | journal = JC, |
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430 | year = {2008}, |
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431 | volume = {21, 24}, |
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432 | pages = {6599-6615}, |
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433 | doi = {10.1175/2008JCLI2404.1}, |
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434 | owner = {gm}, |
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435 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
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436 | } |
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437 | |
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438 | @ARTICLE{Blanke_al_JPO99, |
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439 | author = {B. Blanke and M. Arhan and G. Madec and S. Roche}, |
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440 | title = {Warm Water Paths in the Equatorial Atlantic as Diagnosed with a General |
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441 | Circulation Model}, |
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442 | journal = JPO, |
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443 | year = {1999}, |
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444 | volume = {29, 11}, |
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445 | pages = {2753-2768}, |
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446 | owner = {gm}, |
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447 | timestamp = {2008.05.27} |
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448 | } |
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449 | |
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450 | @ARTICLE{Blanke1993, |
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451 | author = {B. Blanke and P. Delecluse}, |
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452 | title = {Low frequency variability of the tropical Atlantic ocean simulated |
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453 | by a general circulation model with mixed layer physics}, |
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454 | journal = JPO, |
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455 | year = {1993}, |
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456 | volume = {23}, |
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457 | pages = {1363--1388} |
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458 | } |
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459 | |
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460 | @ARTICLE{blanketal97, |
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461 | author = {B. Blanke and J. D. Neelin and D. Gutzler}, |
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462 | title = {Estimating the effect of stochastic wind forcing on ENSO irregularity}, |
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463 | journal = JC, |
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464 | year = {1997}, |
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465 | volume = {10}, |
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466 | pages = {1473--1486}, |
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467 | abstract = {One open question in El NinoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation |
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468 | and predictability is the role of random |
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469 | |
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470 | forcing by atmospheric variability with short correlation times, on |
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471 | coupled variability with interannual timescales. |
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472 | |
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473 | The discussion of this question requires a quantitative assessment |
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474 | of the stochastic component of the wind stress |
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475 | |
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476 | forcing. Self-consistent estimates of this noise (the stochastic forcing) |
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477 | can be made quite naturally in an empirical |
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478 | |
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479 | atmospheric model that uses a statistical estimate of the relationship |
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480 | between sea surface temperature (SST) and |
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481 | |
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482 | wind stress anomaly patterns as the deterministic feedback between |
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483 | the ocean and the atmosphere. The authors |
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484 | |
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485 | use such an empirical model as the atmospheric component of a hybrid |
---|
486 | coupled model, coupled to the GFDL |
---|
487 | |
---|
488 | ocean general circulation model. The authors define as residual the |
---|
489 | fraction of the Florida State University wind |
---|
490 | |
---|
491 | stress not explained by the empirical atmosphere run from observed |
---|
492 | SST, and a noise product is constructed by |
---|
493 | |
---|
494 | random picks among monthly maps of this residual. |
---|
495 | |
---|
496 | The impact of included or excluded noise is assessed with several |
---|
497 | ensembles of simulations. The model is |
---|
498 | |
---|
499 | run in coupled regimes where, in the absence of noise, it is perfectly |
---|
500 | periodic: in the presence of prescribed |
---|
501 | |
---|
502 | seasonal variability, the model is strongly frequency locked on a |
---|
503 | 2-yr period; in annual average conditions it |
---|
504 | |
---|
505 | has a somewhat longer inherent ENSO period (30 months). Addition of |
---|
506 | noise brings an irregular behavior that |
---|
507 | |
---|
508 | is considerably richer in spatial patterns as well as in temporal |
---|
509 | structures. The broadening of the model ENSO |
---|
510 | |
---|
511 | spectral peak is roughly comparable to observed. The tendency to frequency |
---|
512 | lock to subharmonic resonances |
---|
513 | |
---|
514 | of the seasonal cycle tends to increase the broadening and to emphasize |
---|
515 | lower frequencies. An inclination to |
---|
516 | |
---|
517 | phase lock to preferred seasons persists even in the presence of noise-induced |
---|
518 | irregularity. Natural uncoupled |
---|
519 | |
---|
520 | atmospheric variability is thus a strong candidate for explaining |
---|
521 | the observed aperiodicity in ENSO time series. |
---|
522 | |
---|
523 | Modelmodel hindcast experiments also suggest the importance of atmospheric |
---|
524 | noise in setting limits to ENSO |
---|
525 | |
---|
526 | predictability.}, |
---|
527 | pdf = {Blanke_etal_JC97.pdf} |
---|
528 | } |
---|
529 | |
---|
530 | @ARTICLE{Blanke_Raynaud_JPO97, |
---|
531 | author = {B. Blanke and S. Raynaud}, |
---|
532 | title = {Kinematics of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent: An Eulerian and |
---|
533 | Lagrangian Approach from GCM Results}, |
---|
534 | journal = JPO, |
---|
535 | year = {1997}, |
---|
536 | volume = {27, 6}, |
---|
537 | pages = {1038--1053}, |
---|
538 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
539 | timestamp = {2008.05.27} |
---|
540 | } |
---|
541 | |
---|
542 | @ARTICLE{Blanke_al_JPO01, |
---|
543 | author = {B. Blanke and S. Speich and G. Madec and K. Döös}, |
---|
544 | title = {A global Diagnostic of interocean mass transfers}, |
---|
545 | journal = JPO, |
---|
546 | year = {2001}, |
---|
547 | volume = {31, 6}, |
---|
548 | pages = {1623--1632}, |
---|
549 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
550 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
551 | } |
---|
552 | |
---|
553 | @ARTICLE{Blanke_al_GRL02, |
---|
554 | author = {B. Blanke and S. Speich and G. Madec and R. Maug\'{e}}, |
---|
555 | title = {A global diagnostic of interior ocean ventilation}, |
---|
556 | journal = GRL, |
---|
557 | year = {2002}, |
---|
558 | volume = {29, 8}, |
---|
559 | pages = {1081--1084}, |
---|
560 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
561 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
562 | } |
---|
563 | |
---|
564 | @ARTICLE{Blayo2005, |
---|
565 | author = {E. Blayo and L. Debreu}, |
---|
566 | title = {Revisiting open boundary conditions from the point of view of characteristic |
---|
567 | variables}, |
---|
568 | journal = OM, |
---|
569 | year = {2005}, |
---|
570 | volume = {9}, |
---|
571 | pages = {231--252} |
---|
572 | } |
---|
573 | |
---|
574 | @ARTICLE{Bopp_al_GBC01, |
---|
575 | author = {L. Bopp and P. Monfray and O. Aumont and J.-L. Dufresne and H. Le |
---|
576 | Treut and G. Madec and L. Terray and J.C. Orr}, |
---|
577 | title = {Potential impact of climate change on marine export production}, |
---|
578 | journal = GBC, |
---|
579 | year = {2001}, |
---|
580 | volume = {15, 1}, |
---|
581 | pages = {81--101}, |
---|
582 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
583 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
584 | } |
---|
585 | |
---|
586 | @ARTICLE{Bougeault1989, |
---|
587 | author = {P. Bougeault and P. Lacarrere}, |
---|
588 | title = {Parameterization of Orography-Induced Turbulence in a Mesobeta--Scale |
---|
589 | Model}, |
---|
590 | journal = MWR, |
---|
591 | year = {1989}, |
---|
592 | volume = {117}, |
---|
593 | pages = {1872--1890}, |
---|
594 | number = {8}, |
---|
595 | abstract = {The possibility of extending existing techniques for turbulence parameterization |
---|
596 | in the planetary boundary layer to attitude, orography-induced turbulence |
---|
597 | events is examined. Starting from a well-tested scheme, we show that |
---|
598 | it is possible to generalize the specification method of the length |
---|
599 | scales, with no deterioration of the scheme performance in the boundary |
---|
600 | layer. The new scheme is implemented in a two-dimensional version |
---|
601 | of a limited-area, numerical model used for the simulation of mesobeta-scale |
---|
602 | atmospheric flows. Three well-known cases of orographically induced |
---|
603 | turbulence are studied. The comparison with observations and former |
---|
604 | studies shows a satisfactory behavior of the new scheme.}, |
---|
605 | date = {August 01, 1989}, |
---|
606 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
607 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
608 | } |
---|
609 | |
---|
610 | @ARTICLE{Boulanger_al_GRL01, |
---|
611 | author = {J.-P. Boulanger and E. Durand and J.-P. Duvel and C. Menkes and P. |
---|
612 | Delecluse and M. Imbard and M. Lengaigne and G.Madec and S. Masson}, |
---|
613 | title = {Role of non-linear oceanic processes in the response to westerly |
---|
614 | wind events: new implications for the 1997 El Niño onset}, |
---|
615 | journal = GRL, |
---|
616 | year = {2001}, |
---|
617 | volume = {28, 8}, |
---|
618 | pages = {1603--1606}, |
---|
619 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
620 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
621 | } |
---|
622 | |
---|
623 | @ARTICLE{de_Boyer_Montegut_al_JGR04, |
---|
624 | author = {C. de Boyer Mont\'{e}gut and G. Madec and A.S. Fischer and A. Lazar |
---|
625 | and D. Iudicone}, |
---|
626 | title = {Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile |
---|
627 | data and a profile-based climatology}, |
---|
628 | journal = JGR, |
---|
629 | year = {2004}, |
---|
630 | volume = {109}, |
---|
631 | pages = {C12003}, |
---|
632 | doi = {10.1029/2004JC002378}, |
---|
633 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
634 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
635 | } |
---|
636 | |
---|
637 | @ARTICLE{de_Boyer_Montegut_al_JC07, |
---|
638 | author = {C. de Boyer Mont\'{e}gut and J. Vialard and F. Durand and G. Madec}, |
---|
639 | title = {Simulated seasonal and interannual variability of mixed layer heat |
---|
640 | budget in the northern Indian Ocean}, |
---|
641 | journal = JC, |
---|
642 | year = {2007}, |
---|
643 | volume = {20 (13)}, |
---|
644 | pages = {3249--3268}, |
---|
645 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
646 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
647 | } |
---|
648 | |
---|
649 | @ARTICLE{Brown1978, |
---|
650 | author = {J. A. Brown and K. A. Campana}, |
---|
651 | title = {An Economical Time-Differencing System for Numerical Weather Prediction}, |
---|
652 | journal = MWR, |
---|
653 | year = {1978}, |
---|
654 | volume = {106}, |
---|
655 | pages = {1125--1136}, |
---|
656 | number = {8}, |
---|
657 | month = aug, |
---|
658 | abstract = {A simple method for integrating the primitive equations is presented |
---|
659 | which allows for a timestep increment up to twice that of the conventional |
---|
660 | leapfrog scheme. It consists of a time-averaging operator, which |
---|
661 | incorporates three consecutive time levels, on the pressure gradient |
---|
662 | terms in the equations of motion. An attractive feature of the method |
---|
663 | is its case in programming, since the resulting finite-difference |
---|
664 | equations can he solved explicitly.Presented here are linear analyses |
---|
665 | of the method applied to the barotropic and two-layer baroclinic |
---|
666 | gravity waves. Also presented is an analysis of the method with a |
---|
667 | time-damping device incorporated, which is an alternative in controlling |
---|
668 | linearly amplifying computational modes.}, |
---|
669 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
670 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
671 | } |
---|
672 | |
---|
673 | @ARTICLE{Bryan1997, |
---|
674 | author = {K. Bryan}, |
---|
675 | title = {A Numerical Method for the Study of the Circulation of the World |
---|
676 | Ocean}, |
---|
677 | journal = JCP, |
---|
678 | year = {1997}, |
---|
679 | volume = {135, 2}, |
---|
680 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
681 | timestamp = {2007.08.10} |
---|
682 | } |
---|
683 | |
---|
684 | @ARTICLE{Bryan1984, |
---|
685 | author = {K. Bryan}, |
---|
686 | title = {Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean-climate models}, |
---|
687 | journal = JPO, |
---|
688 | year = {1984}, |
---|
689 | volume = {14}, |
---|
690 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
691 | timestamp = {2007.08.10} |
---|
692 | } |
---|
693 | |
---|
694 | @ARTICLE{Bryden1973, |
---|
695 | author = {H. L. Bryden}, |
---|
696 | title = {New polynomials for thermal expansion, adiabatic temperature gradient |
---|
697 | |
---|
698 | and potential temperature of sea water}, |
---|
699 | journal = DSR, |
---|
700 | year = {1973}, |
---|
701 | volume = {20}, |
---|
702 | pages = {401--408}, |
---|
703 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
704 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
705 | } |
---|
706 | |
---|
707 | @ARTICLE{Burchard_OM02, |
---|
708 | author = {Hans Burchard}, |
---|
709 | title = {Energy-conserving discretisation of turbulent shear and buoyancy |
---|
710 | production}, |
---|
711 | journal = OM, |
---|
712 | year = {2002}, |
---|
713 | volume = {4}, |
---|
714 | pages = {347--361}, |
---|
715 | number = {3-4}, |
---|
716 | doi = {DOI: 10.1016/S1463-5003(02)00009-4}, |
---|
717 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
718 | timestamp = {2008.11.28}, |
---|
719 | url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VPS-45GKJ95-2/2/073d76a0fba5defe75fcd65e9b5d1b4f} |
---|
720 | } |
---|
721 | |
---|
722 | @ARTICLE{Campin2004, |
---|
723 | author = {J.-M. Campin and A. Adcroft and C. Hill and J. Marshall}, |
---|
724 | title = {Conservation of properties in a free-surface model}, |
---|
725 | journal = OM, |
---|
726 | year = {2004}, |
---|
727 | volume = {6, 3-4}, |
---|
728 | pages = {221--244}, |
---|
729 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
730 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
731 | } |
---|
732 | |
---|
733 | @ARTICLE{Campin_al_OM08, |
---|
734 | author = {Jean-Michel Campin and John Marshall and David Ferreira}, |
---|
735 | title = {Sea ice-ocean coupling using a rescaled vertical coordinate z*}, |
---|
736 | journal = {Ocean Modelling}, |
---|
737 | year = {2008}, |
---|
738 | volume = {24}, |
---|
739 | pages = {1 - 14}, |
---|
740 | number = {1-2}, |
---|
741 | doi = {DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.05.005}, |
---|
742 | issn = {1463-5003}, |
---|
743 | timestamp = {2010.01.20}, |
---|
744 | url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VPS-4SJP7N5-1/2/e098c3abccafb0972b52e0caf6dbf1f3} |
---|
745 | } |
---|
746 | |
---|
747 | @ARTICLE{Campin_Goosse_Tel99, |
---|
748 | author = {J. M. Campin and H. Goosse}, |
---|
749 | title = {Parameterization of density-driven downsloping flow for a coarse-resolution |
---|
750 | ocean model in z-coordinate}, |
---|
751 | journal = {Tellus}, |
---|
752 | year = {1999}, |
---|
753 | volume = {51}, |
---|
754 | pages = {412--430}, |
---|
755 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
756 | timestamp = {2008.01.20} |
---|
757 | } |
---|
758 | |
---|
759 | @ARTICLE{Covey_al_CD00, |
---|
760 | author = {C. Covey and A. Abe-Ouchi and G.J. Boer and B.A. Boville and U. Cubasch |
---|
761 | and L. Fairhead and G.M. Flato and H. Gordon and E. Guilyardi and |
---|
762 | X. Jiang and T.C. Johns and H. Le Treut and G. Madec and G.A. Meehl |
---|
763 | and R. Miller and A. Noda and S. B. Power and E. Roeckner and G. |
---|
764 | Russell and E.K. Schneider and R.J. Stouffer and L. Terray and J.-S. |
---|
765 | von Storch}, |
---|
766 | title = {The seasonal cycle in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation |
---|
767 | models}, |
---|
768 | journal = CD, |
---|
769 | year = {2000}, |
---|
770 | volume = {16}, |
---|
771 | pages = {775--787}, |
---|
772 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
773 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
774 | } |
---|
775 | |
---|
776 | @ARTICLE{Cox1987, |
---|
777 | author = {M. Cox}, |
---|
778 | title = {Isopycnal diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model}, |
---|
779 | journal = OM, |
---|
780 | year = {1987}, |
---|
781 | volume = {74}, |
---|
782 | pages = {1--9}, |
---|
783 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
784 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
785 | } |
---|
786 | |
---|
787 | @ARTICLE{Cravatte_al_OM07, |
---|
788 | author = {Cravatte, S. and G. Madec and T. Izumo and C. Menkes and A. Bozec}, |
---|
789 | title = {Progress in the 3-D circulation of the eastern equatorial Pacific |
---|
790 | in a climate ocean model}, |
---|
791 | journal = OM, |
---|
792 | year = {2007}, |
---|
793 | volume = {17, 1}, |
---|
794 | pages = {28--48}, |
---|
795 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
796 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
797 | } |
---|
798 | |
---|
799 | @ARTICLE{Dorscher_Beckmann_JAOT00, |
---|
800 | author = {R. D\"{o}scher and A. Beckmann}, |
---|
801 | title = {Effects of a Bottom Boundary Layer Parameterization in a Coarse-Resolution |
---|
802 | Model of the North Atlantic Ocean}, |
---|
803 | journal = JAOT, |
---|
804 | year = {2000}, |
---|
805 | volume = {17}, |
---|
806 | pages = {698--707}, |
---|
807 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
808 | timestamp = {2008.01.23} |
---|
809 | } |
---|
810 | |
---|
811 | @ARTICLE{Dandonneau_al_S04, |
---|
812 | author = {Y. Dandonneau and C. Menkes and T. Gorgues and G. Madec}, |
---|
813 | title = {Reply to Peter Killworth, 2004 : « Comment on the Oceanic Rossby |
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814 | Waves acting as a “Hay Rake” for ecosystem by-products »}, |
---|
815 | journal = {Science}, |
---|
816 | year = {2004}, |
---|
817 | volume = {304}, |
---|
818 | pages = {390}, |
---|
819 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
820 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
821 | } |
---|
822 | |
---|
823 | @ARTICLE{Debreu_al_CG2008, |
---|
824 | author = {L. Debreu and C. Vouland and E. Blayo}, |
---|
825 | title = {AGRIF: Adaptive Grid Refinement In Fortran}, |
---|
826 | journal = {Computers and Geosciences}, |
---|
827 | year = {2008}, |
---|
828 | volume = {34}, |
---|
829 | pages = {8--13}, |
---|
830 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
831 | timestamp = {2008.02.03} |
---|
832 | } |
---|
833 | |
---|
834 | @ARTICLE{Delecluse_Madec_Bk00, |
---|
835 | author = {P. Delecluse and G. Madec}, |
---|
836 | title = {Ocean modelling and the role of the ocean in the climate system}, |
---|
837 | journal = {In \textit{Modeling the Earth's Climate and its Variability}, Les |
---|
838 | Houches, Session, LXVII 1997, |
---|
839 | |
---|
840 | Eds. W. R. Holland, S. Joussaume and F. David, Elsevier Science,}, |
---|
841 | year = {2000}, |
---|
842 | pages = {237--313}, |
---|
843 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
844 | timestamp = {2008.02.03} |
---|
845 | } |
---|
846 | |
---|
847 | @ARTICLE{Doney_al_GBC04, |
---|
848 | author = {S.C. Doney and K. Lindsay and K. Caldeira and J.−M. Campin and H. |
---|
849 | Drange and J.−C. Dutay and M. Follows and Y. Gao and A. Gnanadesikan |
---|
850 | and N. Gruber and A. Ishida and F. Joos and G. Madec and E. Maier−Reimer |
---|
851 | and J.C. Marshall and R.J. Matear and P. Monfray and A. Mouchet and |
---|
852 | R. Najjar and J.C. Orr and G.−K. Plattner and J. Sarmiento and R. |
---|
853 | Schlitzer and R. Slater and I.J. Totterdell and M.−F. Weirig and |
---|
854 | Y. Yamanaka and A. Yoo}, |
---|
855 | title = {Evaluating global ocean carbon models: the importance of realistic |
---|
856 | physics}, |
---|
857 | journal = GBC, |
---|
858 | year = {2004}, |
---|
859 | volume = {18}, |
---|
860 | pages = {GB3017}, |
---|
861 | doi = {10.1029/2003GB002150}, |
---|
862 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
863 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
864 | } |
---|
865 | |
---|
866 | @ARTICLE{Dukowicz1994, |
---|
867 | author = {J. K. Dukowicz and R. D. Smith}, |
---|
868 | title = {Implicit free-surface method for the Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean model}, |
---|
869 | journal = JGR, |
---|
870 | year = {1994}, |
---|
871 | volume = {99}, |
---|
872 | pages = {7991--8014}, |
---|
873 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
874 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
875 | } |
---|
876 | |
---|
877 | @ARTICLE{Durand_al_JC07, |
---|
878 | author = {F. Durand and D. Shankar and C. de Boyer Mont\'{e}gut and S.S.C. |
---|
879 | Shenoi and B. Blanke and G. Madec}, |
---|
880 | title = {Modeling the barrier-layer formation in the South-Eastern Arabian |
---|
881 | Sea}, |
---|
882 | journal = JC, |
---|
883 | year = {2007}, |
---|
884 | volume = {20 (10)}, |
---|
885 | pages = {2109--2120}, |
---|
886 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
887 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
888 | } |
---|
889 | |
---|
890 | @ARTICLE{Durand_al_GRL04, |
---|
891 | author = {F. Durand and S. R. Shetye and J. Vialard and D. Shankar and S.S.C. |
---|
892 | Shenoi and C. Eth\'{e} and G. Madec}, |
---|
893 | title = {Impact of temperature inversions on SST evolution in the South−Eastern |
---|
894 | Arabian Sea during the pre−summer monsoon season}, |
---|
895 | journal = GRL, |
---|
896 | year = {2004}, |
---|
897 | volume = {31}, |
---|
898 | pages = {L01305}, |
---|
899 | doi = {10.1029/2003GL018906}, |
---|
900 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
901 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
902 | } |
---|
903 | |
---|
904 | @INCOLLECTION{Durran2001, |
---|
905 | author = {D.R. Durran }, |
---|
906 | title = {Open boundary conditions: fact and fiction}, |
---|
907 | booktitle = {Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics}, |
---|
908 | publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, |
---|
909 | year = {2001}, |
---|
910 | editor = {P.F. Hodnett} |
---|
911 | } |
---|
912 | |
---|
913 | @ARTICLE{Dutay_al_OM02, |
---|
914 | author = {J.-C. Dutay and J.L. Bullister and S.C. Doney and J.C. Orr and R. |
---|
915 | Najjar and K. Caldeira and J.-M. Campin and H. Drange and M. Follows |
---|
916 | and Y. Gao and N. Gruber and M. W. Hecht and A. Ishida and F. Joos |
---|
917 | and K. Lindsay and G. Madec and E. Maier-Reimer and J.C. Mashall |
---|
918 | and R. J. Matear and P. Monfray and G.-K. Plattner and J. Sarmiento |
---|
919 | and R. Schlitzer and R. Slater and I.J. Totterdell and M.-F. Weirig |
---|
920 | and Y. Yamanaka and A. Tool}, |
---|
921 | title = {Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of |
---|
922 | 13 global ocean models}, |
---|
923 | journal = OM, |
---|
924 | year = {2002}, |
---|
925 | volume = {4}, |
---|
926 | pages = {89--120}, |
---|
927 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
928 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
929 | } |
---|
930 | |
---|
931 | @ARTICLE{Dutay_al_EFM09, |
---|
932 | author = {J.-C. Dutay and J. Emile-Geay and D. Iudicone and P. Jean-Baptiste |
---|
933 | and G. Madec and C. Carouge}, |
---|
934 | title = {Helium Isotopic Constraints on Simulated Ocean Circulations - Implications |
---|
935 | for abyssal theories}, |
---|
936 | journal = {Environmental Fluid Mechanics}, |
---|
937 | year = {2009}, |
---|
938 | volume = {in revision}, |
---|
939 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
940 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
941 | } |
---|
942 | |
---|
943 | @ARTICLE{Dutay.J.C2004, |
---|
944 | author = {J. -C. Dutay and P. J. -Baptiste and J. -M. Campin and A. Ishida |
---|
945 | and E. M. -Reimer and R. J. Matear and A. Mouchet and I. J. Totterdell |
---|
946 | and Y. Yamanaka and K. Rodgers and G. Madec and J.C. Orr}, |
---|
947 | title = {Evaluation of OCMIP-2 ocean models deep circulation |
---|
948 | |
---|
949 | with mantle helium-3}, |
---|
950 | journal = JMS, |
---|
951 | year = {2004}, |
---|
952 | pages = {1--22}, |
---|
953 | abstract = {We compare simulations of the injection of mantle helium-3 into the |
---|
954 | deep ocean from six global coarse resolution models which participated |
---|
955 | in the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP). We also |
---|
956 | discuss the results of a study carried out with one of the models, |
---|
957 | which examines the effect of the subgrid-scale mixing parameterization. |
---|
958 | These sensitivity tests provide useful information to interpret the |
---|
959 | differences among the OCMIP models and between model simulations |
---|
960 | and the data. |
---|
961 | |
---|
962 | We find that the OCMIP models, which parameterize subgrid-scale mixing |
---|
963 | using an eddy-induced velocity, tend to |
---|
964 | |
---|
965 | underestimate the ventilation of the deep ocean, based on diagnostics |
---|
966 | with d3He. In these models, this parameterization is implemented |
---|
967 | with a constant thickness diffusivity coefficient. In future simulations, |
---|
968 | we recommend using such a parameterization with spatially and temporally |
---|
969 | varying coefficients in order to moderate its effect on stratification. |
---|
970 | |
---|
971 | The performance of the models with regard to the formation of AABW |
---|
972 | confirms the conclusion from a previous evaluation with CFC-11. Models |
---|
973 | coupled with a sea-ice model produce a substantial bottom water formation |
---|
974 | in the Southern Ocean that tends to overestimate AABW ventilation, |
---|
975 | while models that are not coupled with a sea-ice model systematically |
---|
976 | underestimate the formation of AABW. |
---|
977 | |
---|
978 | We also analyze specific features of the deep 3He distribution (3He |
---|
979 | plumes) that are particularly well depicted in the data and which |
---|
980 | put severe constraints on the deep circulation. We show that all |
---|
981 | the models fail to reproduce a correct propagation of these plumes |
---|
982 | in the deep ocean. The resolution of the models may be too coarse |
---|
983 | to reproduce the strong and narrow currents in the deep ocean, and |
---|
984 | the models do not incorporate the geothermal heating that may also |
---|
985 | contribute to the generation of these currents. We also use the context |
---|
986 | of OCMIP-2 to explore the potential of mantle helium-3 as a tool |
---|
987 | to compare and evaluate modeled deep-ocean circulations. Although |
---|
988 | the source function of mantle helium is known with a rather large |
---|
989 | uncertainty, we find that the parameterization used for the injection |
---|
990 | of mantle helium-3 is sufficient to generate realistic results, even |
---|
991 | in the Atlantic Ocean where a previous pioneering study [J. Geophys. |
---|
992 | Res. 100 (1995) 3829] claimed this parameterization generates |
---|
993 | |
---|
994 | inadequate results. These results are supported by a multi-tracer |
---|
995 | evaluation performed by considering the simulated distributions of |
---|
996 | both helium-3 and natural 14C, and comparing the simulated tracer |
---|
997 | fields with available data.}, |
---|
998 | owner = {sandra}, |
---|
999 | pdf = {Dutay_etal_OCMIP_JMS04.pdf}, |
---|
1000 | timestamp = {2006.10.17} |
---|
1001 | } |
---|
1002 | |
---|
1003 | @ARTICLE{D'Ortenzio_al_GRL05, |
---|
1004 | author = {F. D’Ortenzio and D. Iudicone and C. de Boyer Mont\'{e}gut and P. |
---|
1005 | Testor and D. Antoine and S. Marullo and R. Santoleri and G. Madec}, |
---|
1006 | title = {Seasonal variability of the mixed layer depth in the Mediterranean |
---|
1007 | Sea : a new climatology based on analysis of individual profiles}, |
---|
1008 | journal = GRL, |
---|
1009 | year = {2005}, |
---|
1010 | volume = {32}, |
---|
1011 | pages = {L12605}, |
---|
1012 | doi = {10.1029/2005GL022463}, |
---|
1013 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1014 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1015 | } |
---|
1016 | |
---|
1017 | @ARTICLE{Eiseman1980, |
---|
1018 | author = {P. R. Eiseman and A. P. Stone}, |
---|
1019 | title = {Conservation lows of fluid dynamics -- A survey}, |
---|
1020 | journal = {SIAM Review}, |
---|
1021 | year = {1980}, |
---|
1022 | volume = {22}, |
---|
1023 | pages = {12--27}, |
---|
1024 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1025 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1026 | } |
---|
1027 | |
---|
1028 | @ARTICLE{Emile-Geay_Madec_OS09, |
---|
1029 | author = {J. Emile-Geay and G. Madec}, |
---|
1030 | title = {Geothermal heating, diapycnal mixing and the abyssal circulation}, |
---|
1031 | journal = OS, |
---|
1032 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1033 | volume = {5}, |
---|
1034 | pages = {281--325}, |
---|
1035 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1036 | timestamp = {2008.07.16} |
---|
1037 | } |
---|
1038 | |
---|
1039 | @ARTICLE{EUROMODEL_OA95, |
---|
1040 | author = {EUROMODEL Group (P.M. Lehucher, L. Beautier, M. Chartier, F. Martel, |
---|
1041 | L. Mortier, P. Brehmer, C. Millot, C. Alberola, M. Benzhora, I. Taupier-Letage, |
---|
1042 | G. Chabert d'Hieres, H. Didelle, P. Gleizon, D. Obaton, M. Crépon, |
---|
1043 | C. Herbaut, G. Madec, S. Speich, J. Nihoul, J. M. Beckers, P. Brasseur, |
---|
1044 | E. Deleersnijder, S. Djenidi, J. Font, A. Castellon, E. Garcia-Ladona, |
---|
1045 | M. J. Lopez-Garcia, M. Manriquez, M. Maso, J. Salat, J. Tintore, |
---|
1046 | S. Alonso, D. Gomis, A. Viudez, M. Astraldi, D. Bacciola, M. Borghini, |
---|
1047 | F. Dell'amico, C. Galli, E. Lazzoni, G. P. Gasparini, S. Sparnocchia, |
---|
1048 | and A. Harzallah, 1995 : Progress from 1989 to 1992 in understanding |
---|
1049 | the circulation of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Oceanologica Acta, |
---|
1050 | 18, 2, 255-271.}, |
---|
1051 | title = {EUROMODEL Group (P.M. Lehucher, L. Beautier, M. Chartier, F. Martel, |
---|
1052 | L. Mortier, P. Brehmer, C. Millot, C. Alberola, M. Benzhora, I. Taupier-Letage, |
---|
1053 | G. Chabert d'Hieres, H. Didelle, P. Gleizon, D. Obaton, M. Crépon, |
---|
1054 | C. Herbaut, G. Madec, S. Speich, J. Nihoul, J. M. Beckers, P. Brasseur, |
---|
1055 | E. Deleersnijder, S. Djenidi, J. Font, A. Castellon, E. Garcia-Ladona, |
---|
1056 | M. J. Lopez-Garcia, M. Manriquez, M. Maso, J. Salat, J. Tintore, |
---|
1057 | S. Alonso, D. Gomis, A. Viudez, M. Astraldi, D. Bacciola, M. Borghini, |
---|
1058 | F. Dell'amico, C. Galli, E. Lazzoni, G. P. Gasparini, S. Sparnocchia, |
---|
1059 | and A. Harzallah, 1995 : Progress from 1989 to 1992 in understanding |
---|
1060 | the circulation of the Western Mediterranean Sea.}, |
---|
1061 | journal = {Oceanologica Acta}, |
---|
1062 | year = {1995}, |
---|
1063 | volume = {18, 2}, |
---|
1064 | pages = {255--271}, |
---|
1065 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1066 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
1067 | } |
---|
1068 | |
---|
1069 | @PHDTHESIS{Farge1987, |
---|
1070 | author = {M. Farge}, |
---|
1071 | title = {Dynamique non lineaire des ondes et des tourbillons dans les equations |
---|
1072 | de Saint Venant}, |
---|
1073 | school = {Doctorat es Mathematiques, Paris VI University, 401 pp.}, |
---|
1074 | year = {1987}, |
---|
1075 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1076 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1077 | } |
---|
1078 | |
---|
1079 | @ARTICLE{Farrow1995, |
---|
1080 | author = {D. E. Farrow and D. P. Stevens}, |
---|
1081 | title = {A new tracer advection scheme for Bryan--Cox type ocean general circulation |
---|
1082 | models}, |
---|
1083 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1084 | year = {1995}, |
---|
1085 | volume = {25}, |
---|
1086 | pages = {1731--1741.}, |
---|
1087 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1088 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1089 | } |
---|
1090 | |
---|
1091 | @ARTICLE{Fujio1991, |
---|
1092 | author = {S. Fujio and N. Imasato}, |
---|
1093 | title = {Diagnostic calculation for circulation and water mass movement in |
---|
1094 | the deep Pacific}, |
---|
1095 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1096 | year = {1991}, |
---|
1097 | volume = {96}, |
---|
1098 | pages = {759--774}, |
---|
1099 | month = jan, |
---|
1100 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1101 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1102 | } |
---|
1103 | |
---|
1104 | @ARTICLE{Gargett1984, |
---|
1105 | author = {A. E. Gargett}, |
---|
1106 | title = {Vertical eddy diffusivity in the ocean interior}, |
---|
1107 | journal = JMR, |
---|
1108 | year = {1984}, |
---|
1109 | volume = {42}, |
---|
1110 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1111 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1112 | } |
---|
1113 | |
---|
1114 | @ARTICLE{Gaspar1990, |
---|
1115 | author = {P. Gaspar and Y. Gr{\'e}goris and J.-M. Lefevre}, |
---|
1116 | title = {A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of the oceanic |
---|
1117 | vertical mixing\: Tests at Station Papa and long-term upper ocean |
---|
1118 | study site}, |
---|
1119 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1120 | year = {1990}, |
---|
1121 | volume = {95(C9)}, |
---|
1122 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1123 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1124 | } |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | @ARTICLE{Gent1990, |
---|
1127 | author = {P. R. Gent and J. C. Mcwilliams}, |
---|
1128 | title = {Isopycnal Mixing in Ocean Circulation Models}, |
---|
1129 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1130 | year = {1990}, |
---|
1131 | volume = {20}, |
---|
1132 | pages = {150--155}, |
---|
1133 | number = {1}, |
---|
1134 | abstract = {A subgrid-scale form for mesoscale eddy mixing on isopycnal surfaces |
---|
1135 | is proposed for use in non-eddy-resolving ocean circulation models. |
---|
1136 | The mixing is applied in isopycnal coordinates to isopycnal layer |
---|
1137 | thickness, or inverse density gradient, as well as to passive scalars, |
---|
1138 | temperature and salinity. The transformation of these mixing forms |
---|
1139 | to physical coordinates is also presented.}, |
---|
1140 | date = {January 01, 1990}, |
---|
1141 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1142 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1143 | } |
---|
1144 | |
---|
1145 | @ARTICLE{Gerdes1993a, |
---|
1146 | author = {R. Gerdes}, |
---|
1147 | title = {A primitive equation ocean circulation model using a general vertical |
---|
1148 | coordinate transformation 1. Description and testing of the model}, |
---|
1149 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1150 | year = {1993}, |
---|
1151 | volume = {98}, |
---|
1152 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1153 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1154 | } |
---|
1155 | |
---|
1156 | @ARTICLE{Gerdes1993b, |
---|
1157 | author = {R. Gerdes}, |
---|
1158 | title = {A primitive equation ocean circulation model using a general vertical |
---|
1159 | coordinate transformation 2. Application to an overflow problem}, |
---|
1160 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1161 | year = {1993}, |
---|
1162 | volume = {98}, |
---|
1163 | pages = {14703--14726}, |
---|
1164 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1165 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1166 | } |
---|
1167 | |
---|
1168 | @TECHREPORT{Gibson_TR86, |
---|
1169 | author = {J. K. Gibson}, |
---|
1170 | title = {Standard software development and maintenance}, |
---|
1171 | institution = {Operational Dep., ECMWF, Reading, UK.}, |
---|
1172 | year = {1986}, |
---|
1173 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1174 | timestamp = {2008.02.03} |
---|
1175 | } |
---|
1176 | |
---|
1177 | @BOOK{Gill1982, |
---|
1178 | title = {Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics}, |
---|
1179 | publisher = {International Geophysics Series, Academic Press, New-York}, |
---|
1180 | year = {1982}, |
---|
1181 | author = {A. E. Gill} |
---|
1182 | } |
---|
1183 | |
---|
1184 | @ARTICLE{Goosse_al_JGR99, |
---|
1185 | author = {H. Goosse and E. Deleersnijder and T. Fichefet and M. England}, |
---|
1186 | title = {Sensitivity of a global coupled ocean-sea ice model to the parameterization |
---|
1187 | of vertical mixing}, |
---|
1188 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1189 | year = {1999}, |
---|
1190 | volume = {104}, |
---|
1191 | pages = {13,681--13,695}, |
---|
1192 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1193 | timestamp = {2008.05.27} |
---|
1194 | } |
---|
1195 | |
---|
1196 | @ARTICLE{Gorgues_al_GRL07, |
---|
1197 | author = {T. Gorgues and C. Menkes and O. Aumont and K. Rodgers and G. Madec |
---|
1198 | and Y. Dandonneau}, |
---|
1199 | title = {Indonesian Throughflow control of the eastern equatorial Pacific |
---|
1200 | biogeochemistry}, |
---|
1201 | journal = GRL, |
---|
1202 | year = {2007}, |
---|
1203 | volume = {34}, |
---|
1204 | pages = {L05609}, |
---|
1205 | doi = {10.1029/2006GL028210}, |
---|
1206 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1207 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1208 | } |
---|
1209 | |
---|
1210 | @ARTICLE{Greatbatch_JGR94, |
---|
1211 | author = {R. J. Greatbatch}, |
---|
1212 | title = {A note on the representation of steric sea level in models that conserve |
---|
1213 | volume rather than mass}, |
---|
1214 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1215 | year = {1994}, |
---|
1216 | volume = {99, C6}, |
---|
1217 | pages = {12,767--12,771}, |
---|
1218 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1219 | timestamp = {2009.10.01} |
---|
1220 | } |
---|
1221 | |
---|
1222 | @BOOK{Griffies_Bk04, |
---|
1223 | title = {Fundamentals of ocean climate models}, |
---|
1224 | publisher = {Princeton University Press, 434pp}, |
---|
1225 | year = {2004}, |
---|
1226 | author = {S.M. Griffies}, |
---|
1227 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1228 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
1229 | } |
---|
1230 | |
---|
1231 | @ARTICLE{Griffies_JPO98, |
---|
1232 | author = {S.M. Griffies}, |
---|
1233 | title = {The Gent-McWilliams skew-flux}, |
---|
1234 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1235 | year = {1998}, |
---|
1236 | volume = {28}, |
---|
1237 | pages = {831--841}, |
---|
1238 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1239 | timestamp = {2008.06.28} |
---|
1240 | } |
---|
1241 | |
---|
1242 | @ARTICLE{Griffies_al_OM09, |
---|
1243 | author = {S.M. Griffies and A. Biastoch and C. Boning and F. Bryan and G. Danabasoglu |
---|
1244 | and E. P. Chassignet and M. H. England and R. Gerdes and H. Haak |
---|
1245 | and R. W. Hallberg and W. Hazeleger and J. Jungclaus and W. G. Large |
---|
1246 | and G. Madec and A. Pirani and B. L. Samuels and M. Scheinert and |
---|
1247 | A. Sen Gupta and C. A. Severijns and H. L. Simmons and A.-M. Treguier |
---|
1248 | and M. Winton and S. Yeager and J. Yin}, |
---|
1249 | title = {Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs)}, |
---|
1250 | journal = OM, |
---|
1251 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1252 | volume = {26, 1-2}, |
---|
1253 | pages = {1--46}, |
---|
1254 | doi = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.08.007}, |
---|
1255 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1256 | timestamp = {2009.08.15} |
---|
1257 | } |
---|
1258 | |
---|
1259 | @ARTICLE{Griffies_al_OS05, |
---|
1260 | author = {S.M. Griffies and A. Gnanadesikan and K.W. Dixon and J.P. Dunne and |
---|
1261 | R. Gerdes and M.J. Harrison and A. Rosati and J.L. Russell and B.L. |
---|
1262 | Samuels and M.J. Spelman and M. Winton and R. Zhang}, |
---|
1263 | title = {Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations}, |
---|
1264 | journal = OS, |
---|
1265 | year = {2005}, |
---|
1266 | volume = {1}, |
---|
1267 | pages = {45--79}, |
---|
1268 | abstract = {This paper summarizes the formulation of the ocean component to the |
---|
1269 | Geophysical |
---|
1270 | |
---|
1271 | Fluid Dynamics Laboratorys (GFDL) coupled climate model used for |
---|
1272 | the 4th IPCC As- Assessment |
---|
1273 | |
---|
1274 | (AR4) of global climate change. In particular, it reviews elements |
---|
1275 | of ocean |
---|
1276 | |
---|
1277 | sessment climate models and how they are pieced together for use in |
---|
1278 | a state-of-the-art coupled 5 |
---|
1279 | |
---|
1280 | model. Novel issues are also highlighted, with particular attention |
---|
1281 | given to sensitivity of |
---|
1282 | |
---|
1283 | the coupled simulation to physical parameterizations and numerical |
---|
1284 | methods. Features |
---|
1285 | |
---|
1286 | of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid |
---|
1287 | to resolve the Arctic |
---|
1288 | |
---|
1289 | Ocean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation |
---|
1290 | of topography to |
---|
1291 | |
---|
1292 | better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, |
---|
1293 | (3) more 10 |
---|
1294 | |
---|
1295 | accurate equation of state, (4) three-dimensional flux limited tracer |
---|
1296 | advection to reduce |
---|
1297 | |
---|
1298 | overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological |
---|
1299 | variability in |
---|
1300 | |
---|
1301 | shortwave penetration, (6) neutral physics parameterization for representation |
---|
1302 | of the |
---|
1303 | |
---|
1304 | pathways of tracer transport, (7) staggered time stepping for tracer |
---|
1305 | conservation and |
---|
1306 | |
---|
1307 | numerical eciency, (8) anisotropic horizontal viscosities for representation |
---|
1308 | of equato- 15 |
---|
1309 | |
---|
1310 | rial currents, (9) parameterization of exchange with marginal seas, |
---|
1311 | (10) incorporation |
---|
1312 | |
---|
1313 | of a free surface that accomodates a dynamic ice model and wave propagation, |
---|
1314 | (11) |
---|
1315 | |
---|
1316 | transport of water across the ocean free surface to eliminate unphysical |
---|
1317 | virtual tracer |
---|
1318 | |
---|
1319 | flux methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental |
---|
1320 | shelves.}, |
---|
1321 | owner = {sandra}, |
---|
1322 | pdf = {Griffies_al_OSD05.pdf}, |
---|
1323 | timestamp = {2007.01.25} |
---|
1324 | } |
---|
1325 | |
---|
1326 | @ARTICLE{Griffies_al_JPO98, |
---|
1327 | author = {S.M. Griffies and A. Gnanadesikan and R.C. Pacanowski and V.D. Larichev |
---|
1328 | and J.K. Dukowicz and R.D. Smith}, |
---|
1329 | title = {Isoneutral Diffusion in a z-Coordinate Ocean Model}, |
---|
1330 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1331 | year = {1998}, |
---|
1332 | volume = {28}, |
---|
1333 | pages = {805--830}, |
---|
1334 | number = {5}, |
---|
1335 | abstract = {This paper considers the requirements that must be satisfied in order |
---|
1336 | to provide a stable and physically based isoneutral tracer diffusion |
---|
1337 | scheme in a z-coordinate ocean model. Two properties are emphasized: |
---|
1338 | 1) downgradient orientation of the diffusive fluxes along the neutral |
---|
1339 | directions and 2) zero isoneutral diffusive flux of locally referenced |
---|
1340 | potential density. It is shown that the Cox diffusion scheme does |
---|
1341 | not respect either of these properties, which provides an explanation |
---|
1342 | for the necessity to add a nontrivial background horizontal diffusion |
---|
1343 | to that scheme. A new isoneutral diffusion scheme is proposed that |
---|
1344 | aims to satisfy the stated properties and is found to require no |
---|
1345 | horizontal background diffusion.}, |
---|
1346 | date = {May 01, 1998}, |
---|
1347 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1348 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
1349 | } |
---|
1350 | |
---|
1351 | @ARTICLE{Griffies_al_MWR01, |
---|
1352 | author = {S.M. Griffies and R.C. Pacanowski and M. Schmidt and V. Balaji}, |
---|
1353 | title = {Tracer Conservation with an Explicit Free Surface Method for z-Coordinate |
---|
1354 | Ocean Models}, |
---|
1355 | journal = MWR, |
---|
1356 | year = {2001}, |
---|
1357 | volume = {129}, |
---|
1358 | pages = {1081--1098}, |
---|
1359 | number = {5}, |
---|
1360 | abstract = {This paper details a free surface method using an explicit time stepping |
---|
1361 | scheme for use in z-coordinate ocean models. One key property that |
---|
1362 | makes the method especially suitable for climate simulations is its |
---|
1363 | very stable numerical time stepping scheme, which allows for the |
---|
1364 | use of a long density time step, as commonly employed with coarse-resolution |
---|
1365 | rigid-lid models. Additionally, the effects of the undulating free |
---|
1366 | surface height are directly incorporated into the baroclinic momentum |
---|
1367 | and tracer equations. The novel issues related to local and global |
---|
1368 | tracer conservation when allowing for the top cell to undulate are |
---|
1369 | the focus of this work. The method presented here is quasi-conservative |
---|
1370 | locally and globally of tracer when the baroclinic and tracer time |
---|
1371 | steps are equal. Important issues relevant for using this method |
---|
1372 | in regional as well as large-scale climate models are discussed and |
---|
1373 | illustrated, and examples of scaling achieved on parallel computers |
---|
1374 | provided.}, |
---|
1375 | date = {May 01, 2001}, |
---|
1376 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1377 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1378 | } |
---|
1379 | |
---|
1380 | @ARTICLE{Guilyardi_al_JC04, |
---|
1381 | author = {E. Guilyardi and S. Gualdi and J. M. Slingo and A. Navarra and P. |
---|
1382 | Delecluse and J. Cole and G. Madec and M. Roberts and M. Latif and |
---|
1383 | L. Terray}, |
---|
1384 | title = {Representing El Ni\~{n}o in coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs: the dominant |
---|
1385 | role of the atmospheric component}, |
---|
1386 | journal = JC, |
---|
1387 | year = {2004}, |
---|
1388 | volume = {17}, |
---|
1389 | pages = {4623--4629}, |
---|
1390 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1391 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1392 | } |
---|
1393 | |
---|
1394 | @ARTICLE{Guilyardi_Madec_CD98, |
---|
1395 | author = {E. Guilyardi and G. Madec}, |
---|
1396 | title = {Performance of the OPA-ARPEGE-T21 global ocean-atmosphere coupled |
---|
1397 | model}, |
---|
1398 | journal = CD, |
---|
1399 | year = {1997}, |
---|
1400 | volume = {13}, |
---|
1401 | pages = {149--165}, |
---|
1402 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1403 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
1404 | } |
---|
1405 | |
---|
1406 | @ARTICLE{Guilyardi_al_CD01, |
---|
1407 | author = {E. Guilyardi and G. Madec and L. Terray}, |
---|
1408 | title = {The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance |
---|
1409 | of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM}, |
---|
1410 | journal = CD, |
---|
1411 | year = {2001}, |
---|
1412 | volume = {17}, |
---|
1413 | pages = {589--599}, |
---|
1414 | number = {8}, |
---|
1415 | pdf = {/home/ericg/TeX/Papers/Published_pdfs/Guilyardi_al_CD01.pdf} |
---|
1416 | } |
---|
1417 | |
---|
1418 | @ARTICLE{Guilyardi_al_CRAS95, |
---|
1419 | author = {E. Guilyardi and G. Madec and L. Terray and M. D\'{e}qu\'{e} and |
---|
1420 | M. Pontaud and M. Imbard and D. Stephenson and M.-A. Filiberti and |
---|
1421 | D. Cariolle and P. Delecluse and O. Thual}, |
---|
1422 | title = {Simulation couplée océan-atmosphère de la variabilité du climat}, |
---|
1423 | journal = {C. R. Acad. Sci Paris}, |
---|
1424 | year = {1995}, |
---|
1425 | volume = {320, s\'{e}rie IIa}, |
---|
1426 | pages = {683--690}, |
---|
1427 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1428 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
1429 | } |
---|
1430 | |
---|
1431 | @ARTICLE{Guyon_al_EP99, |
---|
1432 | author = {M. Guyon and G. Madec and F.-X. Roux and M. Imbard}, |
---|
1433 | title = {A Parallel ocean model for high resolution studies}, |
---|
1434 | journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, |
---|
1435 | year = {1999}, |
---|
1436 | volume = {Euro-Par'99}, |
---|
1437 | pages = {603--607}, |
---|
1438 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1439 | timestamp = {2008.05.27} |
---|
1440 | } |
---|
1441 | |
---|
1442 | @ARTICLE{Guyon_al_CalPar99, |
---|
1443 | author = {M. Guyon and G. Madec and F.-X. Roux and M. Imbard and C. Herbaut |
---|
1444 | and P. Fronier}, |
---|
1445 | title = {Parallelization of the OPA ocean model}, |
---|
1446 | journal = {Calculateurs Paralleles}, |
---|
1447 | year = {1999}, |
---|
1448 | volume = {11, 4}, |
---|
1449 | pages = {499--517}, |
---|
1450 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1451 | timestamp = {2008.05.27} |
---|
1452 | } |
---|
1453 | |
---|
1454 | @BOOK{Haltiner1980, |
---|
1455 | title = {Numerical prediction and dynamic meteorology}, |
---|
1456 | publisher = {John Wiley {\&} Sons Eds., second edition, 477pp}, |
---|
1457 | year = {1980}, |
---|
1458 | author = {G. J. Haltiner and R. T. Williams}, |
---|
1459 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1460 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1461 | } |
---|
1462 | |
---|
1463 | @ARTICLE{Haney1991, |
---|
1464 | author = {R. L. Haney}, |
---|
1465 | title = {On the Pressure Gradient Force over Steep Topography in Sigma Coordinate |
---|
1466 | Ocean Models}, |
---|
1467 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1468 | year = {1991}, |
---|
1469 | volume = {21}, |
---|
1470 | pages = {610--619}, |
---|
1471 | number = {4}, |
---|
1472 | abstract = {The error in computing the pressure gradient force near steep topography |
---|
1473 | using terms following (σ) coordinates is investigated in an |
---|
1474 | ocean model using the family of vertical differencing schemes proposed |
---|
1475 | by Arakawa and Suarez. The truncation error is estimated by substituting |
---|
1476 | known buoyancy profiles into the finite difference hydrostatic and |
---|
1477 | pressure gradient terms. The error due to “hydrostatic inconsistency,” |
---|
1478 | which is not simply a space truncation error, is also documented. |
---|
1479 | The results show that the pressure gradient error is spread throughout |
---|
1480 | the water column, and it is sensitive to the vertical resolution |
---|
1481 | and to the placement of the grid points relative to the vertical |
---|
1482 | structure of the buoyancy field being modeled. Removing a reference |
---|
1483 | state, as suggested for the atmosphere by Gary, reduces the truncation |
---|
1484 | error associated with the two lowest vertical modes by a factor of |
---|
1485 | 2 to 3. As an example, the error in computing the pressure gradient |
---|
1486 | using a standard 10-level primitive equation model applied to buoyancy |
---|
1487 | profiles and topographic slopes typical of the California Current |
---|
1488 | region corresponds to a false geostrophic current of the order of |
---|
1489 | 10–12 cm s−1. The analogous error in a hydrostatically |
---|
1490 | consistent 30-level model with the reference state removed is about |
---|
1491 | an order of magnitude smaller.}, |
---|
1492 | date = {April 01, 1991}, |
---|
1493 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1494 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1495 | } |
---|
1496 | |
---|
1497 | @ARTICLE{Hordoir_al_CD08, |
---|
1498 | author = {R. Hordoir and J. Polcher and J.-C. Brun-Cottan and G. Madec}, |
---|
1499 | title = {Towards a parametrization of river discharges into ocean general |
---|
1500 | circulation models: a closure through energy conservation}, |
---|
1501 | journal = CD, |
---|
1502 | year = {2008}, |
---|
1503 | volume = {31, 7--8}, |
---|
1504 | pages = {891--908}, |
---|
1505 | doi = {10.1007/s00382-008-0416-4}, |
---|
1506 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1507 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1508 | } |
---|
1509 | |
---|
1510 | @ARTICLE{Hsu1990, |
---|
1511 | author = {Hsu, Yueh-Jiuan G. and Arakawa, Akio}, |
---|
1512 | title = {Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere with an Isentropic Vertical |
---|
1513 | Coordinate}, |
---|
1514 | journal = MWR, |
---|
1515 | year = {1990}, |
---|
1516 | volume = {118}, |
---|
1517 | pages = {1933--1959}, |
---|
1518 | number = {10}, |
---|
1519 | abstract = {In constructing a numerical model of the atmosphere, we must choose |
---|
1520 | an appropriate vertical coordinate. Among the various possibilities, |
---|
1521 | isentropic vertical coordinates such as the θ-coordinate seem |
---|
1522 | to have the greatest potential, in spite of the technical difficulties |
---|
1523 | in treating the intersections of coordinate surfaces with the lower |
---|
1524 | boundary. The purpose of this paper is to describe the θ-coordinate |
---|
1525 | model we have developed and to demonstrate its potential through |
---|
1526 | simulating the nonlinear evolution of a baroclinic wave.In the model |
---|
1527 | we have developed, vertical discretization maintains important integral |
---|
1528 | constraints, such as conservation of the angular momentum and total |
---|
1529 | energy. In treating the intersections of coordinate surfaces with |
---|
1530 | the lower boundary, we have followed the massless-layer approach |
---|
1531 | in which the intersecting coordinate surfaces are extended along |
---|
1532 | the boundary by introducing massless layers. Although this approach |
---|
1533 | formally eliminates the intersection problem, it raises other computational |
---|
1534 | problems. Horizontal discretization of the continuity and momentum |
---|
1535 | equations in the model has been carefully designed to overcome these |
---|
1536 | problems.Selected results from a 10-day integration with the 25-layer, |
---|
1537 | β-plane version of the model are presented. It seems that the |
---|
1538 | model can simulate the nonlinear evolution of a baroclinic wave and |
---|
1539 | associated dynamical processes without major computational difficulties.}, |
---|
1540 | date = {October 01, 1990}, |
---|
1541 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1542 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
1543 | } |
---|
1544 | |
---|
1545 | @ARTICLE{Huang_JPO93, |
---|
1546 | author = {R.X. Huang}, |
---|
1547 | title = {Real freshwater flux as a natural boundary condition for the salinity |
---|
1548 | balance and thermohaline circulation forced by evaporation and precipitation}, |
---|
1549 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1550 | year = {1993}, |
---|
1551 | volume = {23}, |
---|
1552 | pages = {2428--2446}, |
---|
1553 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1554 | timestamp = {2009.05.01} |
---|
1555 | } |
---|
1556 | |
---|
1557 | @ARTICLE{Iudicone_al_JPO08b, |
---|
1558 | author = {D. Iudicone and G. Madec and B. Blanke and S. Speich}, |
---|
1559 | title = {The role of Southern Ocean surface forcings and mixing in the global |
---|
1560 | conveyor}, |
---|
1561 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1562 | year = {2008}, |
---|
1563 | volume = {38}, |
---|
1564 | pages = {1377--1400}, |
---|
1565 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1566 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1567 | } |
---|
1568 | |
---|
1569 | @ARTICLE{Iudicone_al_JPO08a, |
---|
1570 | author = {D. Iudicone and G. Madec and T. J. McDougall}, |
---|
1571 | title = {Diagnosing water transformations and the key role of light penetration}, |
---|
1572 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1573 | year = {2008}, |
---|
1574 | volume = {38}, |
---|
1575 | pages = {1357--1376}, |
---|
1576 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1577 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1578 | } |
---|
1579 | |
---|
1580 | @ARTICLE{Iudicone_al_JPO07, |
---|
1581 | author = {D. Iudicone and K. Rodgers and R. Schopp and G. Madec}, |
---|
1582 | title = {An Exchange window for the Antarctic Intermediate Water Injection |
---|
1583 | into the South Pacific}, |
---|
1584 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1585 | year = {2007}, |
---|
1586 | volume = {37}, |
---|
1587 | pages = {31--49}, |
---|
1588 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1589 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1590 | } |
---|
1591 | |
---|
1592 | @ARTICLE{Iudicone_al_JPO08c, |
---|
1593 | author = {D. Iudicone and S. Speich and G. Madec and B. Blanke}, |
---|
1594 | title = {The global Conveyor Belt in a Southern Ocean perspective}, |
---|
1595 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1596 | year = {2008}, |
---|
1597 | volume = {38}, |
---|
1598 | pages = {1401--1425}, |
---|
1599 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1600 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1601 | } |
---|
1602 | |
---|
1603 | @ARTICLE{Izumo_al_CD09, |
---|
1604 | author = {T. Izumo and S.Masson and J. Vialard and C. de Boyer Montegut and |
---|
1605 | S. K. Behera and G. Madec and K. Takahashi and T. Yamagata}, |
---|
1606 | title = {Interannual variations of low-frequency Madden-Julian Oscillation |
---|
1607 | in autral summer: Observations}, |
---|
1608 | journal = CD, |
---|
1609 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1610 | volume = {in press}, |
---|
1611 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1612 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1613 | } |
---|
1614 | |
---|
1615 | @ARTICLE{JackMcD1995, |
---|
1616 | author = {D. R. Jackett and T. J. McDougall}, |
---|
1617 | title = {Minimal adjustment of hydrographic data to achieve static stability}, |
---|
1618 | journal = JAOT, |
---|
1619 | year = {1995}, |
---|
1620 | volume = {12}, |
---|
1621 | pages = {381--389}, |
---|
1622 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1623 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1624 | } |
---|
1625 | |
---|
1626 | @BOOK{Jerlov_Bk68, |
---|
1627 | title = {Optical Oceanography}, |
---|
1628 | publisher = {Elsevier}, |
---|
1629 | year = {1968}, |
---|
1630 | author = {N. G. Jerlov}, |
---|
1631 | pages = {194pp}, |
---|
1632 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1633 | timestamp = {2008.08.31} |
---|
1634 | } |
---|
1635 | |
---|
1636 | @ARTICLE{Killworth_al_JPO91, |
---|
1637 | author = {P.D. Killworth and D. Stainforth and D.J. Webb and S.M. Paterson}, |
---|
1638 | title = {The Development of a Free-Surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner Ocean Model}, |
---|
1639 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1640 | year = {1991}, |
---|
1641 | volume = {21}, |
---|
1642 | pages = {1333--1348}, |
---|
1643 | number = {9}, |
---|
1644 | abstract = {A version of the Bryan–Cox–Semtner numerical ocean general |
---|
1645 | circulation model, adapted to include a free surface, is described. |
---|
1646 | The model is designed for the following uses: tidal studies |
---|
1647 | (a tidal option is explicitly included); assimilation of altimetric |
---|
1648 | data (since the surface elevation is now a prognostic variable); |
---|
1649 | and in situations where accurate relaxation to obtain the streamfunction |
---|
1650 | in the original model is too time consuming. Comparison is made between |
---|
1651 | a 300-year run of the original model and the free-surface version, |
---|
1652 | using a very coarse North Atlantic calculation as the basis. The |
---|
1653 | results are very similar, differing only in the streamfunction over |
---|
1654 | topography; this is to be expected, since the treatment of topographic |
---|
1655 | torques on the barotropic flow differs because of the nature of the |
---|
1656 | modifications.}, |
---|
1657 | date = {September 01, 1991}, |
---|
1658 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1659 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1660 | } |
---|
1661 | |
---|
1662 | @INPROCEEDINGS{Killworth1989, |
---|
1663 | author = {P. D. Killworth}, |
---|
1664 | title = {On the parameterization of deep convection in ocean models}, |
---|
1665 | booktitle = {Parameterization of small-scale processes}, |
---|
1666 | year = {1989}, |
---|
1667 | editor = {Hawaiian winter workshop}, |
---|
1668 | month = {January 17-20}, |
---|
1669 | organization = {University of Hawaii at Manoa}, |
---|
1670 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1671 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1672 | } |
---|
1673 | |
---|
1674 | @ARTICLE{Killworth1992, |
---|
1675 | author = {P. D. Killworth}, |
---|
1676 | title = {An equivalent-barotropic mode in the fine resolution Antarctic model}, |
---|
1677 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1678 | year = {1992}, |
---|
1679 | volume = {22}, |
---|
1680 | pages = {1379--1387} |
---|
1681 | } |
---|
1682 | |
---|
1683 | @ARTICLE{Koch-Larrouy_al_CD09, |
---|
1684 | author = {A. Koch-Larrouy and M. Lengaigne and P. Terray and G. Madec and S. |
---|
1685 | Masson}, |
---|
1686 | title = {Tidal mixing in the Indonesian Seas and its effect on the tropical |
---|
1687 | climate system}, |
---|
1688 | journal = CD, |
---|
1689 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1690 | pages = {in press}, |
---|
1691 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1692 | timestamp = {2009.08.16} |
---|
1693 | } |
---|
1694 | |
---|
1695 | @ARTICLE{Koch-Larrouy_al_OD08b, |
---|
1696 | author = {A. Koch-Larrouy and G. Madec and B. Blanke and R. Molcard}, |
---|
1697 | title = {Water mass transformation along the Indonesian throughflow in an |
---|
1698 | OGCM}, |
---|
1699 | journal = OD, |
---|
1700 | year = {2008}, |
---|
1701 | volume = {58, 3-4}, |
---|
1702 | pages = {289--309}, |
---|
1703 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1704 | timestamp = {2009.08.16}, |
---|
1705 | url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-008-0155-4} |
---|
1706 | } |
---|
1707 | |
---|
1708 | @ARTICLE{Koch-Larrouy_al_GRL07, |
---|
1709 | author = {A. Koch-Larrouy and G. Madec and P. Bouruet-Aubertot and T. Gerkema |
---|
1710 | and L. Bessieres and R. Molcard}, |
---|
1711 | title = {Tidal mixing in the Indonesian Seas and its effect on the tropical |
---|
1712 | climate system}, |
---|
1713 | journal = GRL, |
---|
1714 | year = {2007}, |
---|
1715 | volume = {34}, |
---|
1716 | pages = {L04604}, |
---|
1717 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1718 | timestamp = {2009.08.16}, |
---|
1719 | url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028405} |
---|
1720 | } |
---|
1721 | |
---|
1722 | @ARTICLE{Koch-Larrouy_al_OD08a, |
---|
1723 | author = {A. Koch-Larrouy and G. Madec and D. Iudicone and A. Atmadipoera and |
---|
1724 | R. Molcard}, |
---|
1725 | title = {Physical processes contributing to the water mass transformation |
---|
1726 | of the Indonesian Throughflow}, |
---|
1727 | journal = OD, |
---|
1728 | year = {2008}, |
---|
1729 | volume = {58, 3-4}, |
---|
1730 | pages = {275--288}, |
---|
1731 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1732 | timestamp = {2009.08.16}, |
---|
1733 | url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-008-0154-5} |
---|
1734 | } |
---|
1735 | |
---|
1736 | @ARTICLE{Kolmogorov1942, |
---|
1737 | author = {A. N. Kolmogorov}, |
---|
1738 | title = {The equation of turbulent motion in an incompressible fluid}, |
---|
1739 | journal = {Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz.}, |
---|
1740 | year = {1942}, |
---|
1741 | volume = {6}, |
---|
1742 | pages = {56--58}, |
---|
1743 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1744 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1745 | } |
---|
1746 | |
---|
1747 | @PHDTHESIS{Levy_PhD96, |
---|
1748 | author = {M. L\'{e}vy}, |
---|
1749 | title = {Mod\'{e}lisation des processus biog\'{e}ochimiques en M\'{e}diterran\'{e}e |
---|
1750 | nord-occidentale. Cycle saisonnier et variabilit\'{e} m\'{e}so\'{e}chelle}, |
---|
1751 | school = {Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 207pp}, |
---|
1752 | year = {1996}, |
---|
1753 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1754 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1755 | } |
---|
1756 | |
---|
1757 | @ARTICLE{Levy_al_GRL01, |
---|
1758 | author = {M. L\'{e}vy and A. Estubier and G Madec}, |
---|
1759 | title = {Choice of an advection scheme for biogeochemical models}, |
---|
1760 | journal = GRL, |
---|
1761 | year = {2001}, |
---|
1762 | volume = {28}, |
---|
1763 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1764 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1765 | } |
---|
1766 | |
---|
1767 | @ARTICLE{Levy_al_JGR09, |
---|
1768 | author = {M. L\'{e}vy and P. Klein and A.-M. Tr\'{e}guier and D. Iovino and |
---|
1769 | G. Madec and S. Masson and T. Takahashi}, |
---|
1770 | title = {Impacts of sub-mesoscale physics on idealized gyres}, |
---|
1771 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1772 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1773 | volume = {in revision}, |
---|
1774 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1775 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1776 | } |
---|
1777 | |
---|
1778 | @ARTICLE{Levy_al_JMS99, |
---|
1779 | author = {M. L\'{e}vy and L. M\'{e}mery and G. Madec}, |
---|
1780 | title = {The onset of a bloom after deep winter convection in the Northwestern |
---|
1781 | Mediterranean Sea: mesoscale process study with a primitive equation |
---|
1782 | model}, |
---|
1783 | journal = JMS, |
---|
1784 | year = {1999}, |
---|
1785 | volume = {16/1-2}, |
---|
1786 | pages = {7--21}, |
---|
1787 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1788 | timestamp = {2007.08.10} |
---|
1789 | } |
---|
1790 | |
---|
1791 | @ARTICLE{Levy_al_DSR98, |
---|
1792 | author = {M. L\'{e}vy and L. M\'{e}mery and G. Madec}, |
---|
1793 | title = {The onset of the spring bloom in the MEDOC area: mesoscale spatial |
---|
1794 | variability}, |
---|
1795 | journal = DSR, |
---|
1796 | year = {1998}, |
---|
1797 | volume = {I, 46}, |
---|
1798 | pages = {1137--1160}, |
---|
1799 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1800 | timestamp = {2007.08.10} |
---|
1801 | } |
---|
1802 | |
---|
1803 | @ARTICLE{Levy_al_DSR00, |
---|
1804 | author = {M. L\'{e}vy and L. Mémery and G. Madec}, |
---|
1805 | title = {Combined effects of mesoscale processes and atmospheric high-frequency |
---|
1806 | variability on the spring bloom in the MEDOC area}, |
---|
1807 | journal = DSR, |
---|
1808 | year = {2000}, |
---|
1809 | volume = {47}, |
---|
1810 | pages = {527--531}, |
---|
1811 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1812 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
1813 | } |
---|
1814 | |
---|
1815 | @BOOK{Large_Yeager_Rep04, |
---|
1816 | title = {Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the |
---|
1817 | data sets and flux climatologies}, |
---|
1818 | publisher = {NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN-460+STR, CGD Division of the National |
---|
1819 | Center for Atmospheric Research}, |
---|
1820 | year = {2004}, |
---|
1821 | author = {W. Large and S. Yeager}, |
---|
1822 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1823 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1824 | } |
---|
1825 | |
---|
1826 | @ARTICLE{Large_al_RG94, |
---|
1827 | author = {W. G. Large and J. C. McWilliams and S. C. Doney}, |
---|
1828 | title = {Oceanic vertical mixing - a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary |
---|
1829 | layer parameterization}, |
---|
1830 | journal = {Reviews of Geophysics}, |
---|
1831 | year = {1994}, |
---|
1832 | volume = {32}, |
---|
1833 | pages = {363--404}, |
---|
1834 | doi = {10.1029/94RG01872}, |
---|
1835 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1836 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
1837 | } |
---|
1838 | |
---|
1839 | @ARTICLE{Latif_al_JC06, |
---|
1840 | author = {M. Latif and C. Böning and J. Willebrand and A. Biastoch and J. Dengg |
---|
1841 | and N. Keenlyside and U. Schweckendiek and G. Madec}, |
---|
1842 | title = {Is the Thermohaline Circulation Changing?}, |
---|
1843 | journal = JC, |
---|
1844 | year = {2006}, |
---|
1845 | volume = {19}, |
---|
1846 | pages = {4631--4637}, |
---|
1847 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1848 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1849 | } |
---|
1850 | |
---|
1851 | @PHDTHESIS{Lazar_PhD97, |
---|
1852 | author = {A. Lazar}, |
---|
1853 | title = {La branche froide de la circulation thermohaline - sensibilit\'{e} |
---|
1854 | \`{a} la diffusion turbulente dans un mod\`{e}le de circulation g\'{e}n\'{e}rale |
---|
1855 | id\'{e}alis\'{e}e}, |
---|
1856 | school = {Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 200pp}, |
---|
1857 | year = {1997}, |
---|
1858 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1859 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1860 | } |
---|
1861 | |
---|
1862 | @ARTICLE{Lazar_al_JPO99, |
---|
1863 | author = {A. Lazar and G. Madec and P. Delecluse}, |
---|
1864 | title = {The Deep Interior Downwelling, the Veronis Effect, and Mesoscale |
---|
1865 | Tracer Transport Parameterizations in an OGCM}, |
---|
1866 | journal = JPO, |
---|
1867 | year = {1999}, |
---|
1868 | volume = {29}, |
---|
1869 | pages = {2945--2961}, |
---|
1870 | number = {11}, |
---|
1871 | abstract = {Numerous numerical simulations of basin-scale ocean circulation display |
---|
1872 | a vast interior downwelling and a companion intense western boundary |
---|
1873 | layer upwelling at midlatitude below the thermocline. These features, |
---|
1874 | related to the so-called Veronis effect, are poorly rationalized |
---|
1875 | and depart strongly from the classical vision of the deep circulation |
---|
1876 | where upwelling is considered to occur in the interior. Furthermore, |
---|
1877 | they significantly alter results of ocean general circulation models |
---|
1878 | (OGCMs) using horizontal Laplacian diffusion. Recently, some studies |
---|
1879 | showed that the parameterization for mesoscale eddy effects formulated |
---|
1880 | by Gent and McWilliams allows integral quantities like the streamfunction |
---|
1881 | and meridional heat transport to be free of these undesired effects. |
---|
1882 | In this paper, an idealized OGCM is used to validate an analytical |
---|
1883 | rationalization of the processes at work and help understand the |
---|
1884 | physics. The results show that the features associated with the Veronis |
---|
1885 | effect can be related quantitatively to three different width scales |
---|
1886 | that characterize the baroclinic structure of the deep western boundary |
---|
1887 | current. In addition, since one of these scales may be smaller than |
---|
1888 | the Munk barotropic layer, usually considered to determine the minimum |
---|
1889 | resolution and horizontal viscosity for numerical models, the authors |
---|
1890 | recommend that it be taken into account. Regarding the introduction |
---|
1891 | of the new parameterization, diagnostics in terms of heat balances |
---|
1892 | underline some interesting similarities between local heat fluxes |
---|
1893 | by eddy-induced velocities and horizontal diffusion at low and midlatitudes |
---|
1894 | when a common large diffusivity (here 2000 m2 s−1) is used. |
---|
1895 | The near-quasigeostrophic character of the flow explains these results. |
---|
1896 | As a consequence, the response of the Eulerian-mean circulation is |
---|
1897 | locally similar for runs using either of the two parameterizations. |
---|
1898 | However, it is shown that the advective nature of the eddy-induced |
---|
1899 | heat fluxes results in a very different effective circulation, which |
---|
1900 | is the one felt by tracers.}, |
---|
1901 | date = {November 01, 1999}, |
---|
1902 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1903 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
1904 | } |
---|
1905 | |
---|
1906 | @ARTICLE{Leclair_Madec_OM09, |
---|
1907 | author = {M. Leclair and G. Madec}, |
---|
1908 | title = {A conservative leap-frog time stepping method}, |
---|
1909 | journal = OM, |
---|
1910 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1911 | volume = {XX}, |
---|
1912 | pages = {YYY}, |
---|
1913 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1914 | timestamp = {2009.08.15} |
---|
1915 | } |
---|
1916 | |
---|
1917 | @ARTICLE{Lengaigne_al_JC03, |
---|
1918 | author = {M. Lengaigne and J.-P. Boulanger and C. Menkes and G. Madec and P. |
---|
1919 | Delecluse and E. Guilyardi, and J. Slingo}, |
---|
1920 | title = {The March 1997 Westerly Wind Event and the onset of the 1997/98 El |
---|
1921 | Niño: Understanding the role of the atmospheric}, |
---|
1922 | journal = JC, |
---|
1923 | year = {2003}, |
---|
1924 | volume = {16, 20}, |
---|
1925 | pages = {3330--3343}, |
---|
1926 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1927 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
1928 | } |
---|
1929 | |
---|
1930 | @ARTICLE{Lengaigne_al_JGR02, |
---|
1931 | author = {M. Lengaigne and J.-P. Boulanger and C. Menkes and S. Masson and |
---|
1932 | G. Madec and P. Delecluse}, |
---|
1933 | title = {Ocean response to the March 1997 Westerly Wind Event}, |
---|
1934 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1935 | year = {2002}, |
---|
1936 | doi = {10.1029/2001JC000841}, |
---|
1937 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1938 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
1939 | } |
---|
1940 | |
---|
1941 | @ARTICLE{Lengaigne_al_JGR03, |
---|
1942 | author = {M. Lengaigne and G. Madec and G. Alory and C. Menkes}, |
---|
1943 | title = {Sensitivity of the tropical Pacific Ocean to isopycnal diffusion |
---|
1944 | on tracer and dynamics}, |
---|
1945 | journal = JGR, |
---|
1946 | year = {2003}, |
---|
1947 | volume = {108 (C11)}, |
---|
1948 | pages = {3345}, |
---|
1949 | doi = {10.1029/2002JC001704}, |
---|
1950 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1951 | timestamp = {2008.01.26} |
---|
1952 | } |
---|
1953 | |
---|
1954 | @ARTICLE{Lengaigne_al_GRL09, |
---|
1955 | author = {M. Lengaigne and G. Madec and L. Bopp and C. Menkes and O. Aumont |
---|
1956 | and P. Cadule}, |
---|
1957 | title = {Bio-physical feedbacks in the Arctic Ocean using an Earth System |
---|
1958 | model}, |
---|
1959 | journal = GRL, |
---|
1960 | year = {2009}, |
---|
1961 | volume = {submitted}, |
---|
1962 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1963 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1964 | } |
---|
1965 | |
---|
1966 | @ARTICLE{Lengaigne_al_CD07, |
---|
1967 | author = {M. Lengaigne and C. Menkes and O. Aumont and T. Gorgues and L. Bopp |
---|
1968 | and J.-M. Andr\'{e} G. Madec}, |
---|
1969 | title = {Bio-physical feedbacks on the tropical Pacific climate in a Coupled |
---|
1970 | General Circulation Model}, |
---|
1971 | journal = CD, |
---|
1972 | year = {2007}, |
---|
1973 | volume = {28}, |
---|
1974 | pages = {503--516}, |
---|
1975 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1976 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
1977 | } |
---|
1978 | |
---|
1979 | @ARTICLE{Leonard1991, |
---|
1980 | author = {B. P. Leonard}, |
---|
1981 | title = {The ULTIMATE conservative difference scheme applied to unsteady one--dimensional |
---|
1982 | advection}, |
---|
1983 | journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering}, |
---|
1984 | year = {1991}, |
---|
1985 | pages = {17--74}, |
---|
1986 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1987 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1988 | } |
---|
1989 | |
---|
1990 | @TECHREPORT{Leonard_Rep88, |
---|
1991 | author = {B. P. Leonard}, |
---|
1992 | title = {Universal limiter for transient interpolation modelling of the advective |
---|
1993 | transport equations}, |
---|
1994 | institution = {Technical Memorandum TM-100916 ICOMP-88-11, NASA}, |
---|
1995 | year = {1988}, |
---|
1996 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
1997 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
1998 | } |
---|
1999 | |
---|
2000 | @ARTICLE{Leonard1979, |
---|
2001 | author = {B. P. Leonard}, |
---|
2002 | title = {A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic |
---|
2003 | upstream interpolation}, |
---|
2004 | journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering}, |
---|
2005 | year = {1979}, |
---|
2006 | volume = {19}, |
---|
2007 | pages = {59--98}, |
---|
2008 | month = jun, |
---|
2009 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2010 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2011 | } |
---|
2012 | |
---|
2013 | @TECHREPORT{Levier2007, |
---|
2014 | author = {B. Levier and A.-M. Tr\'{e}guier and G. Madec and V. Garnier}, |
---|
2015 | title = {Free surface and variable volume in the NEMO code}, |
---|
2016 | institution = {MERSEA MERSEA IP report WP09-CNRS-STR-03-1A, 47pp, available on the |
---|
2017 | NEMO web site}, |
---|
2018 | year = {2007}, |
---|
2019 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2020 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2021 | } |
---|
2022 | |
---|
2023 | @BOOK{levitus82, |
---|
2024 | title = {Climatological Atlas of the world ocean}, |
---|
2025 | publisher = {NOAA professional paper No. 13, 174pp}, |
---|
2026 | year = {1982}, |
---|
2027 | author = {S Levitus }, |
---|
2028 | note = {173 p.} |
---|
2029 | } |
---|
2030 | |
---|
2031 | @TECHREPORT{Lott1989, |
---|
2032 | author = {F. Lott and G. Madec}, |
---|
2033 | title = {Implementation of bottom topography in the Ocean General Circulation |
---|
2034 | Model OPA of the LODYC: formalism and experiments.}, |
---|
2035 | institution = {LODYC, France, 36pp.}, |
---|
2036 | year = {1989}, |
---|
2037 | number = {3}, |
---|
2038 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2039 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2040 | } |
---|
2041 | |
---|
2042 | @ARTICLE{Lott_al_OM90, |
---|
2043 | author = {F. Lott and G. Madec and J. Verron}, |
---|
2044 | title = {Topographic experiments in an Ocean General Circulation Model}, |
---|
2045 | journal = OM, |
---|
2046 | year = {1990}, |
---|
2047 | volume = {88}, |
---|
2048 | pages = {1--4}, |
---|
2049 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2050 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2051 | } |
---|
2052 | |
---|
2053 | @ARTICLE{Luo_al_JC05, |
---|
2054 | author = {J.-J. Luo and S. Masson and E. Roeckner and G. Madec and T. Yamagata}, |
---|
2055 | title = {Reducing climatology bias in an ocean-atmosphere CGCM with improved |
---|
2056 | coupling physics}, |
---|
2057 | journal = JC, |
---|
2058 | year = {2005}, |
---|
2059 | volume = {18 (13)}, |
---|
2060 | pages = {2344--2360}, |
---|
2061 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2062 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2063 | } |
---|
2064 | |
---|
2065 | @BOOK{Madec_Bk08, |
---|
2066 | title = {NEMO ocean engine}, |
---|
2067 | publisher = {Note du P\^ole de mod\'{e}lisation, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace |
---|
2068 | (IPSL), France, No 27, ISSN No 1288-1619}, |
---|
2069 | year = {2008}, |
---|
2070 | author = {G. Madec}, |
---|
2071 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2072 | timestamp = {2008.07.05} |
---|
2073 | } |
---|
2074 | |
---|
2075 | @BOOK{Madec_HDR01, |
---|
2076 | title = {Le Cycle des Masses d'Eau Oc\'{e}aniqueset sa variabilit\'{e} dans |
---|
2077 | le Syst\'{e}me Climatique}, |
---|
2078 | year = {2001}, |
---|
2079 | author = {G. Madec}, |
---|
2080 | pages = {63pp.}, |
---|
2081 | series = {Habilitation \'{a} Diriger des Recherches, Universit\'{e} Pierre |
---|
2082 | et Marie Curie}, |
---|
2083 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2084 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2085 | } |
---|
2086 | |
---|
2087 | @PHDTHESIS{Madec_PhD90, |
---|
2088 | author = {G. Madec}, |
---|
2089 | title = {La formation d'eau profonde et son impact sur la circulation r\'{e}gionale |
---|
2090 | en M\'{e}diterran\'{e}e Occidentale - une approche num\'{e}rique}, |
---|
2091 | school = {Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 194pp.}, |
---|
2092 | year = {1990}, |
---|
2093 | month = {2 mai}, |
---|
2094 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2095 | timestamp = {2007.08.10} |
---|
2096 | } |
---|
2097 | |
---|
2098 | @ARTICLE{Madec_al_DAO91, |
---|
2099 | author = {G. Madec and M. Chartier and M. Cr\'{e}pon}, |
---|
2100 | title = {Effect of thermohaline forcing variability on deep water formation |
---|
2101 | in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea - a high resulution three-dimensional |
---|
2102 | study}, |
---|
2103 | journal = DAO, |
---|
2104 | year = {1991}, |
---|
2105 | volume = {15}, |
---|
2106 | pages = {301--332}, |
---|
2107 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2108 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
2109 | } |
---|
2110 | |
---|
2111 | @ARTICLE{Madec_al_JPO91, |
---|
2112 | author = {G. Madec and M. Chartier and P. Delecluse and M. Cr\'{e}pon}, |
---|
2113 | title = {A three-dimensional numerical study of deep water formation in the |
---|
2114 | |
---|
2115 | |
---|
2116 | Northwestern Mediterranean Sea .}, |
---|
2117 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2118 | year = {1991}, |
---|
2119 | volume = {21}, |
---|
2120 | pages = {1349--1371}, |
---|
2121 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2122 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
2123 | } |
---|
2124 | |
---|
2125 | @INBOOK{Madec_Crepon_Bk91, |
---|
2126 | chapter = {Thermohaline-driven deep water formation in the Northwestern Mediterranean |
---|
2127 | Sea}, |
---|
2128 | pages = {241--265}, |
---|
2129 | title = {Deep convection and deep water formation in the oceans}, |
---|
2130 | publisher = {Elsevier Oceanographic Series, P.C. Chu and J.C. Gascard (Eds.)}, |
---|
2131 | year = {1991}, |
---|
2132 | author = {G. Madec and M. Cr\'{e}pon}, |
---|
2133 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2134 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
2135 | } |
---|
2136 | |
---|
2137 | @ARTICLE{Madec1997, |
---|
2138 | author = {G. Madec and P. Delecluse}, |
---|
2139 | title = {The OPA/ARPEGE and OPA/LMD Global Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model}, |
---|
2140 | journal = {Int. WOCE Newsletter}, |
---|
2141 | year = {1997}, |
---|
2142 | volume = {26}, |
---|
2143 | pages = {12--15}, |
---|
2144 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2145 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
2146 | } |
---|
2147 | |
---|
2148 | @TECHREPORT{Madec1998, |
---|
2149 | author = {G. Madec and P. Delecluse and M. Imbard and C. Levy}, |
---|
2150 | title = {OPA 8 Ocean General Circulation Model - Reference Manual}, |
---|
2151 | institution = {LODYC/IPSL Note 11}, |
---|
2152 | year = {1998} |
---|
2153 | } |
---|
2154 | |
---|
2155 | @ARTICLE{Madec_Imbard_CD96, |
---|
2156 | author = {G Madec and M Imbard}, |
---|
2157 | title = {A global ocean mesh to overcome the north pole singularity}, |
---|
2158 | journal = CD, |
---|
2159 | year = {1996}, |
---|
2160 | volume = {12}, |
---|
2161 | pages = {381--388} |
---|
2162 | } |
---|
2163 | |
---|
2164 | @ARTICLE{Madec_al_JPO96, |
---|
2165 | author = {G. Madec and F. Lott and P. Delecluse and M. Cr\'{e}pon}, |
---|
2166 | title = {Large-Scale Preconditioning of Deep-Water Formation in the Northwestern |
---|
2167 | Mediterranean Sea}, |
---|
2168 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2169 | year = {1996}, |
---|
2170 | volume = {26}, |
---|
2171 | pages = {1393--1408}, |
---|
2172 | number = {8}, |
---|
2173 | month = aug, |
---|
2174 | abstract = {The large-scale processes preconditioning the winter deep-water formation |
---|
2175 | in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea are investigated with a primitive |
---|
2176 | equation numerical model where convection is parameterized by a non-penetrative |
---|
2177 | convective adjustment algorithm. The ocean is forced by momentum |
---|
2178 | and buoyancy fluxes that have the gross features of mean winter forcing |
---|
2179 | found in the MEDOC area. The wind-driven barotropic circulation appears |
---|
2180 | to be a major ingredient of the preconditioning phase of deep-water |
---|
2181 | formation. After three months, the ocean response is dominated by |
---|
2182 | a strong barotropic cyclonic vortex located under the forcing area, |
---|
2183 | which fits the Sverdrup balance away from the northern coast. In |
---|
2184 | the vortex center, the whole water column remains trapped under the |
---|
2185 | forcing area all winter. This trapping enables the thermohaline forcing |
---|
2186 | to drive deep-water formation efficiently. Sensitivity studies show |
---|
2187 | that, β effect and bottom topography play a paramount role and |
---|
2188 | confirm that deep convection occurs only in areas that combine a |
---|
2189 | strong surface thermohaline forcing and a weak barotropic advection |
---|
2190 | so that water masses are submitted to the negative buoyancy fluxes |
---|
2191 | for a much longer time. In particular, the impact of the Rhône |
---|
2192 | Deep Sea Fan on the barotropic circulation dominates the β effect: |
---|
2193 | the barotropic flow is constrained to follow the bathymetric contours |
---|
2194 | and the cyclonic vortex is shifted southward so that the fluid above |
---|
2195 | the fan remains quiescent. Hence, buoyancy fluxes trigger deep convection |
---|
2196 | above the fan in agreement with observations. The selection of the |
---|
2197 | area of deep-water formation through the defection of the barotropic |
---|
2198 | circulation by the topography seems a more efficient mechanism than |
---|
2199 | those associated with the wind- driven barotropic vortex. This is |
---|
2200 | due to its permanency, while the latter may be too sensitive to time |
---|
2201 | and space variations of the forcing.}, |
---|
2202 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2203 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2204 | } |
---|
2205 | |
---|
2206 | @ARTICLE{Madec_al_OM88, |
---|
2207 | author = {G. Madec and C. Rahier and M. Chartier}, |
---|
2208 | title = {A comparison of two-dimensional elliptic solvers for the streamfunction |
---|
2209 | in a multilevel OGCM}, |
---|
2210 | journal = OM, |
---|
2211 | year = {1988}, |
---|
2212 | volume = {78}, |
---|
2213 | pages = {1-6}, |
---|
2214 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2215 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2216 | } |
---|
2217 | |
---|
2218 | @ARTICLE{Maes_al_CD98, |
---|
2219 | author = {C. Maes and P. Delecluse and G. Madec}, |
---|
2220 | title = {Impact of westerly wind bursts on the warm pool of the TOGA-COARE |
---|
2221 | domain in an OGCM}, |
---|
2222 | journal = CD, |
---|
2223 | year = {1998}, |
---|
2224 | volume = {14}, |
---|
2225 | pages = {55--70}, |
---|
2226 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2227 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2228 | } |
---|
2229 | |
---|
2230 | @ARTICLE{Maes_al_MWR97, |
---|
2231 | author = {C. Maes and G. Madec and P. Delecluse}, |
---|
2232 | title = {Sensitivity of an Equatorial Pacific OGCM to the lateral diffusion}, |
---|
2233 | journal = MWR, |
---|
2234 | year = {1997}, |
---|
2235 | volume = {125, 5}, |
---|
2236 | pages = {958--971}, |
---|
2237 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2238 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2239 | } |
---|
2240 | |
---|
2241 | @ARTICLE{Maltrud1998, |
---|
2242 | author = {M. E. Maltrud and R. D. Smith and A. J. Semtner and R. C. Malone}, |
---|
2243 | title = {Global eddy-resolving ocean simulations driven by 1985-1995 atmospheric |
---|
2244 | winds}, |
---|
2245 | journal = JGR, |
---|
2246 | year = {1998}, |
---|
2247 | volume = {103(C13)}, |
---|
2248 | pages = {30,825--30,854}, |
---|
2249 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2250 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
2251 | } |
---|
2252 | |
---|
2253 | @ARTICLE{Marchesiello2001, |
---|
2254 | author = { P. Marchesiello and J. Mc Williams and A. Shchepetkin }, |
---|
2255 | title = {Open boundary conditions for long-term integrations of Regional Oceanic |
---|
2256 | Models}, |
---|
2257 | journal = OM, |
---|
2258 | year = {2001}, |
---|
2259 | volume = {3}, |
---|
2260 | pages = {1--20} |
---|
2261 | } |
---|
2262 | |
---|
2263 | @ARTICLE{Marsaleix_al_OM08, |
---|
2264 | author = {P. Marsaleix and F. Auclair and J. W. Floor and M. J. Herrmann and |
---|
2265 | C. Estournel and I. Pairaud and C. Ulses}, |
---|
2266 | title = {Energy conservation issues in sigma-coordinate free-surface ocean |
---|
2267 | models}, |
---|
2268 | journal = OM, |
---|
2269 | year = {2008}, |
---|
2270 | volume = {20}, |
---|
2271 | pages = {61--89}, |
---|
2272 | number = {1}, |
---|
2273 | doi = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.07.005}, |
---|
2274 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2275 | timestamp = {2008.11.28} |
---|
2276 | } |
---|
2277 | |
---|
2278 | @BOOK{MIT-GCM_2004, |
---|
2279 | title = {MIT-gcm User Manual}, |
---|
2280 | year = {2004}, |
---|
2281 | editor = {MIT Department of EAPS}, |
---|
2282 | author = {J. Marshall and A. Adcroft and J.-M. Campin and P. Heimbach and A. |
---|
2283 | Molod and S. Dutkiewicz and H. Hill and M. Losch and B. Fox-Kemper |
---|
2284 | and D. Menemenlis and D. Ferreira and E. Hill and M. Follows and |
---|
2285 | C. Hill and C. Evangelinos and G. Forget}, |
---|
2286 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2287 | timestamp = {2008.07.04} |
---|
2288 | } |
---|
2289 | |
---|
2290 | @PHDTHESIS{Marti_PhD92, |
---|
2291 | author = {O. Marti}, |
---|
2292 | title = {Etude de l'oc\'{e}an mondial : mod\'{e}lisation de la circulation |
---|
2293 | et du transport de traceurs anthropog\'{e}niques}, |
---|
2294 | school = {Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 201pp}, |
---|
2295 | year = {1992}, |
---|
2296 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2297 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2298 | } |
---|
2299 | |
---|
2300 | @ARTICLE{Marti_al_CD09, |
---|
2301 | author = {O. Marti and P. Braconnot and J.-L. Dufresne and J. Bellier and R. |
---|
2302 | Benshila and S. Bony and P. Brockmann and P. Cadule and A. Caubel |
---|
2303 | and F Codron and S. Denvil and L. Fairhead and T. Fichefet and M.-A. |
---|
2304 | Filiberti and M.-A. Foujols and P. Friedlingstein and H. Goosse and |
---|
2305 | J.-Y. Grandpeix and E. Guilyardi and F. Hourdin and G. Krinner and |
---|
2306 | C. L\'{e}vy and G. Madec and J. Mignot and I. Musat and D. Swingedouw |
---|
2307 | and C. Talandier}, |
---|
2308 | title = {Key features of the IPSL ocean atmosphere model and its sensitivity |
---|
2309 | to atmospheric resolution}, |
---|
2310 | journal = CD, |
---|
2311 | year = {2009}, |
---|
2312 | volume = {in press}, |
---|
2313 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2314 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2315 | } |
---|
2316 | |
---|
2317 | @ARTICLE{Marti_al_JGR92, |
---|
2318 | author = {O. Marti and G. Madec and P. Delecluse}, |
---|
2319 | title = {Comment on "Net diffusivity in ocean general circulation models with |
---|
2320 | nonuniform grids" by F. L. Yin and I. Y. Fung}, |
---|
2321 | journal = JGR, |
---|
2322 | year = {1992}, |
---|
2323 | volume = {97}, |
---|
2324 | pages = {12,763--12,766}, |
---|
2325 | month = aug, |
---|
2326 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2327 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2328 | } |
---|
2329 | |
---|
2330 | @INBOOK{Masson_al_Bk08, |
---|
2331 | chapter = {OPA9 - French experiments on the Earth Simulator and Teraflop Workbench |
---|
2332 | tunings}, |
---|
2333 | pages = {25-34}, |
---|
2334 | title = {In High Performance computing on Vector System 2007, Stuttgart, Germany}, |
---|
2335 | publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, |
---|
2336 | year = {2008}, |
---|
2337 | editor = {Resch M, Roller S, Lammers P, Furui T, Galle M, Bez W}, |
---|
2338 | author = {S. Masson and M.-A. Foujols and P. Klein and G. Madec and L. Hua |
---|
2339 | and M. Levy and H. Sasaki and K. Takahashi and F. Svensson}, |
---|
2340 | doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-74384-2}, |
---|
2341 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2342 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2343 | } |
---|
2344 | |
---|
2345 | @ARTICLE{Masson_al_GRL05, |
---|
2346 | author = {S. Masson and J.-J. Luo and G. Madec and J. Vialard and F. Durand |
---|
2347 | and S. Gualdi and E. Guilyardi and S. Behera and P. Delecluse and |
---|
2348 | A. Navarra and T. Yamagata}, |
---|
2349 | title = {Impact of barrier layer on winter-spring variability of the South-Eastern |
---|
2350 | Arabian Sea}, |
---|
2351 | journal = GRL, |
---|
2352 | year = {2005}, |
---|
2353 | volume = {32}, |
---|
2354 | pages = {L07703}, |
---|
2355 | doi = {10.1029/2004GL021980}, |
---|
2356 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2357 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2358 | } |
---|
2359 | |
---|
2360 | @ARTICLE{McDougall1987, |
---|
2361 | author = {T. J. McDougall}, |
---|
2362 | title = {Neutral Surfaces}, |
---|
2363 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2364 | year = {1987}, |
---|
2365 | volume = {17}, |
---|
2366 | pages = {1950--1964}, |
---|
2367 | number = {11}, |
---|
2368 | abstract = {Scalar properties in the ocean are stirred (and subsequently mixed) |
---|
2369 | rather efficiently by mesoscale eddies and two-dimensional turbulence |
---|
2370 | along “neutral surfaces”, defined such that when water |
---|
2371 | parcels are moved small distances in the neutral surface, they experience |
---|
2372 | no buoyant restoring forces. By contrast, work would have to be done |
---|
2373 | on a moving fluid parcel in order to keep it on a potential density |
---|
2374 | surface. The differences between neutral surfaces and potential density |
---|
2375 | surfaces are due to the variation of α/β with pressure |
---|
2376 | (where α is the thermal expansion coefficient and β is |
---|
2377 | the saline contraction coefficient). By regarding the equation of |
---|
2378 | state of seawater as a function of salinity, potential temperature, |
---|
2379 | and pressure, rather than in terms of salinity, temperature, and |
---|
2380 | pressure, it is possible to quantify the differences between neutral |
---|
2381 | surfaces and potential density surfaces. In particular, the spatial |
---|
2382 | gradients of scalar properties (e.g., S, θ, tritium or potential |
---|
2383 | vorticity) on a neutral surface can be quite different to the corresponding |
---|
2384 | gradients in a potential density surface. For example, at a potential |
---|
2385 | temperature of 4°C and a pressure of 1000 db, the lateral gradient |
---|
2386 | of potential temperature in a potential density surface (referenced |
---|
2387 | to sea level) is too large by between 50% and 350% (depending |
---|
2388 | on the stability ratio Rp of the water column) compared with the |
---|
2389 | physically relevant gradient of potential temperature on the neutral |
---|
2390 | surface. Three-examples of neutral surfaces are presented, based |
---|
2391 | on the Levitus atlas of the North Atlantic.}, |
---|
2392 | date = {November 01, 1987}, |
---|
2393 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2394 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2395 | } |
---|
2396 | |
---|
2397 | @ARTICLE{McDougall_Taylor_JMR84, |
---|
2398 | author = {T. J. McDougall and J. R. Taylor}, |
---|
2399 | title = {Flux measurements across a finger interface at low values of the |
---|
2400 | stability ratio}, |
---|
2401 | journal = JMR, |
---|
2402 | year = {1984}, |
---|
2403 | volume = {42}, |
---|
2404 | pages = {1--14}, |
---|
2405 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2406 | timestamp = {2008.05.20} |
---|
2407 | } |
---|
2408 | |
---|
2409 | @ARTICLE{Mellor_Blumberg_JPO04, |
---|
2410 | author = {G. Mellor and A. Blumberg}, |
---|
2411 | title = {Wave Breaking and Ocean Surface Layer Thermal Response}, |
---|
2412 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2413 | year = {2004}, |
---|
2414 | volume = {34}, |
---|
2415 | pages = {693--698}, |
---|
2416 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2417 | timestamp = {2009.01.16} |
---|
2418 | } |
---|
2419 | |
---|
2420 | @ARTICLE{Menkes_al_JPO06, |
---|
2421 | author = {C. Menkes and J. Vialard and S C. Kennan and J.-P. Boulanger and |
---|
2422 | G. Madec}, |
---|
2423 | title = {A modelling study of the three-dimensional heat budget of Tropical |
---|
2424 | Instability Waves in the Equatorial Pacific}, |
---|
2425 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2426 | year = {2006}, |
---|
2427 | volume = {36, 5}, |
---|
2428 | pages = {847--865}, |
---|
2429 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2430 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2431 | } |
---|
2432 | |
---|
2433 | @ARTICLE{Merryfield1999, |
---|
2434 | author = {W. J. Merryfield and G. Holloway and A. E. Gargett}, |
---|
2435 | title = {A Global Ocean Model with Double-Diffusive Mixing}, |
---|
2436 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2437 | year = {1999}, |
---|
2438 | volume = {29}, |
---|
2439 | pages = {1124--1142}, |
---|
2440 | number = {6}, |
---|
2441 | abstract = {A global ocean model is described in which parameterizations of diapycnal |
---|
2442 | mixing by double-diffusive fingering and layering are added to a |
---|
2443 | stability-dependent background turbulent diffusivity. Model runs |
---|
2444 | with and without double-diffusive mixing are compared for annual-mean |
---|
2445 | and seasonally varying surface forcing. Sensitivity to different |
---|
2446 | double-diffusive mixing parameterizations is considered. In all cases, |
---|
2447 | the locales and extent of salt fingering (as diagnosed from buoyancy |
---|
2448 | ratio Rρ) are grossly comparable to climatology, although fingering |
---|
2449 | in the models tends to be less intense than observed. Double-diffusive |
---|
2450 | mixing leads to relatively minor changes in circulation but exerts |
---|
2451 | significant regional influences on temperature and salinity.}, |
---|
2452 | date = {June 01, 1999}, |
---|
2453 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2454 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
2455 | } |
---|
2456 | |
---|
2457 | @BOOK{Mesinger_Arakawa_Bk76, |
---|
2458 | title = {Numerical methods used in Atmospheric models}, |
---|
2459 | publisher = {GARP Publication Series No 17}, |
---|
2460 | year = {1976}, |
---|
2461 | author = {F. Mesinger and A. Arakawa}, |
---|
2462 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2463 | timestamp = {2008.02.09} |
---|
2464 | } |
---|
2465 | |
---|
2466 | @ARTICLE{Murray_JCP96, |
---|
2467 | author = {R. J. Murray}, |
---|
2468 | title = {Explicit Generation of Orthogonal Grids for Ocean Models}, |
---|
2469 | journal = JCP, |
---|
2470 | year = {1996}, |
---|
2471 | volume = {126}, |
---|
2472 | pages = {251--273}, |
---|
2473 | number = {2}, |
---|
2474 | month = {July}, |
---|
2475 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2476 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2477 | } |
---|
2478 | |
---|
2479 | @PHDTHESIS{Olivier_PhD01, |
---|
2480 | author = {F. Olivier}, |
---|
2481 | title = {Etude de l'activit\'{e} biologique et de la circulation oc\'{e}anique |
---|
2482 | dans un jet g\'{e}ostrophique: le front Alm\'{e}ria-Oran}, |
---|
2483 | school = {Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France}, |
---|
2484 | year = {2001}, |
---|
2485 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2486 | timestamp = {2007.08.14} |
---|
2487 | } |
---|
2488 | |
---|
2489 | @ARTICLE{Pacanowski_Philander_JPO81, |
---|
2490 | author = {R.C. Pacanowski and S.G.H. Philander}, |
---|
2491 | title = {Parameterization of Vertical Mixing in Numerical Models of Tropical |
---|
2492 | Oceans}, |
---|
2493 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2494 | year = {1981}, |
---|
2495 | volume = {11}, |
---|
2496 | pages = {1443--1451}, |
---|
2497 | number = {11}, |
---|
2498 | abstract = {Measurements indicate that mixing processes are intense in the surface |
---|
2499 | layers of the ocean but weak below the thermocline, except for the |
---|
2500 | region below the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent where vertical |
---|
2501 | temperature gradients are small and the shear is large. Parameterization |
---|
2502 | of these mixing processes by means of coefficients of eddy mixing |
---|
2503 | that are Richardson-number dependent, leads to realistic simulations |
---|
2504 | of the response of the equatorial oceans to different windstress |
---|
2505 | patterns. In the case of eastward winds results agree well with measurements |
---|
2506 | in the Indian Ocean. In the case of westward winds it is of paramount |
---|
2507 | importance that the nonzero heat flux into the ocean be taken into |
---|
2508 | account. This beat flux stabilizes the upper layers and reduces the |
---|
2509 | intensity of the mixing, especially in the cast. With an appropriate |
---|
2510 | surface boundary condition, the results are relatively insensitive |
---|
2511 | to values assigned to constants in the parameterization formula.}, |
---|
2512 | date = {November 01, 1981}, |
---|
2513 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2514 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
2515 | } |
---|
2516 | |
---|
2517 | @ARTICLE{Pacanowski_Gnanadesikan_MWR98, |
---|
2518 | author = {R. C. Pacanowski and A. Gnanadesikan}, |
---|
2519 | title = {Transient response in a z-level ocean model that resolves topography |
---|
2520 | |
---|
2521 | |
---|
2522 | with partial-cells}, |
---|
2523 | journal = MWR, |
---|
2524 | year = {1998}, |
---|
2525 | volume = {126}, |
---|
2526 | pages = {3248-3270}, |
---|
2527 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2528 | timestamp = {2008.01.26} |
---|
2529 | } |
---|
2530 | |
---|
2531 | @ARTICLE{Park_al_JC09, |
---|
2532 | author = {W. Park and N. Keenlyside and M. Latif and A. Str\¨{o}h and R. Redler |
---|
2533 | and E. Roeckner and G. Madec}, |
---|
2534 | title = {Tropical Pacific Climate and its Response to Global Warming in the |
---|
2535 | Kiel Climate Model}, |
---|
2536 | journal = JC, |
---|
2537 | year = {2009}, |
---|
2538 | volume = {22, 1}, |
---|
2539 | pages = {71--92}, |
---|
2540 | doi = {10.1175/2008JCLI2261.1}, |
---|
2541 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2542 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2543 | } |
---|
2544 | |
---|
2545 | @ARTICLE{Paulson1977, |
---|
2546 | author = {C. A. Paulson and J. J. Simpson}, |
---|
2547 | title = {Irradiance Measurements in the Upper Ocean}, |
---|
2548 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2549 | year = {1977}, |
---|
2550 | volume = {7}, |
---|
2551 | pages = {952--956}, |
---|
2552 | number = {6}, |
---|
2553 | abstract = {Observations were made of downward solar radiation as a function of |
---|
2554 | depth during an experiment in the North Pacific (35°N, 155°W). |
---|
2555 | The irradiance meter employed was sensitive to solar radiation of |
---|
2556 | wavelength 400–1000 nm arriving from above at a horizontal |
---|
2557 | surface. Because of selective absorption of the short and long wavelengths, |
---|
2558 | the irradiance decreases much faster than exponential in the upper |
---|
2559 | few meters, falling to one-third of the incident value between 2 |
---|
2560 | and 3 m depth. Below 10 m the decrease was exponential at a rate |
---|
2561 | characteristic of moderately clear water of Type IA. Neglecting one |
---|
2562 | case having low sun altitude, the observations are well represented |
---|
2563 | by the expression I/I0=Rez/ζ1+(1−R)ezζ2, |
---|
2564 | where I is the irradiance at depth −z, I0 is the irradiance |
---|
2565 | at the surface less reflected solar radiation, R=0.62, ζ1 |
---|
2566 | and ζ2 are attenuation lengths equal to 1.5 and 20 m, respectively, |
---|
2567 | and z is the vertical space coordinate, positive upward with the |
---|
2568 | origin at mean sea level. The depth at which the irradiance falls |
---|
2569 | to 10% of its surface value is nearly the same as observations |
---|
2570 | of Secchi depth when cases with high wind speed or low solar altitude |
---|
2571 | are neglected. Parameters R, ζ1, and ζ2 are computed for |
---|
2572 | the entire range of oceanic water types.}, |
---|
2573 | date = {November 01, 1977}, |
---|
2574 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2575 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2576 | } |
---|
2577 | |
---|
2578 | @ARTICLE{Penduff_al_OM06, |
---|
2579 | author = {T. Penduff and B. Barnier and J.-M. Molines and G. Madec}, |
---|
2580 | title = {On the use of current meter data to assess the realism of ocean model |
---|
2581 | simulations}, |
---|
2582 | journal = OM, |
---|
2583 | year = {2006}, |
---|
2584 | volume = {11, 3--4}, |
---|
2585 | pages = {399--416}, |
---|
2586 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2587 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2588 | } |
---|
2589 | |
---|
2590 | @ARTICLE{Penduff_al_JGR00, |
---|
2591 | author = {T. Penduff and B. Barnier and A. Colin de Verdi\`{e}re}, |
---|
2592 | title = {Self-adapting open boundaries for a regional model of the eastern |
---|
2593 | North Atlantic}, |
---|
2594 | journal = JGR, |
---|
2595 | year = {2000}, |
---|
2596 | volume = {105}, |
---|
2597 | pages = {11,279--11,297} |
---|
2598 | } |
---|
2599 | |
---|
2600 | @ARTICLE{Penduff_al_OS07, |
---|
2601 | author = {T. Penduff and J. Le Sommer and B. Barnier and A.M. Treguier and |
---|
2602 | J. Molines and G. Madec}, |
---|
2603 | title = {Influence of numerical schemes on current-topography interactions |
---|
2604 | in 1/4$^{\circ}$ global ocean simulations}, |
---|
2605 | journal = OS, |
---|
2606 | year = {2007}, |
---|
2607 | volume = {3}, |
---|
2608 | pages = {509--524} |
---|
2609 | } |
---|
2610 | |
---|
2611 | @ARTICLE{Phillips1959, |
---|
2612 | author = {R. S. Phillips}, |
---|
2613 | title = {Dissipative Operators and Hyperbolic Systems of Partial Differential |
---|
2614 | Equations}, |
---|
2615 | journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society}, |
---|
2616 | year = {1959}, |
---|
2617 | volume = {90 (2)}, |
---|
2618 | pages = {193--254}, |
---|
2619 | doi = {doi:10.2307/1993202}, |
---|
2620 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2621 | timestamp = {2007.08.10} |
---|
2622 | } |
---|
2623 | |
---|
2624 | @ARTICLE{Le_Quere_al_GBC00, |
---|
2625 | author = {C. Le Qu\'{e}r\'{e} and J. C. Orr and P. Monfray and O. Aumont and |
---|
2626 | G. Madec}, |
---|
2627 | title = {Interannual variability of the global and regional sea-air flux of |
---|
2628 | C02 from 1979 to 1993}, |
---|
2629 | journal = GBC, |
---|
2630 | year = {2000}, |
---|
2631 | volume = {14}, |
---|
2632 | pages = {1247--1266}, |
---|
2633 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2634 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2635 | } |
---|
2636 | |
---|
2637 | @ARTICLE{Raynaud_al_GRL00, |
---|
2638 | author = {S. Raynaud and S. Speich and E. Guilyardi and G. Madec}, |
---|
2639 | title = {Impact of the ocean lateral diffusion on the ENSO-like variability |
---|
2640 | of a global coupled GCM}, |
---|
2641 | journal = GRL, |
---|
2642 | year = {2000}, |
---|
2643 | volume = {27, 19}, |
---|
2644 | pages = {3041--3044}, |
---|
2645 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2646 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2647 | } |
---|
2648 | |
---|
2649 | @ARTICLE{Redi_JPO82, |
---|
2650 | author = {M. H. Redi}, |
---|
2651 | title = {Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation}, |
---|
2652 | journal = JPO, |
---|
2653 | year = {1982}, |
---|
2654 | volume = {13}, |
---|
2655 | pages = {1154--1158}, |
---|
2656 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2657 | timestamp = {2008.02.02} |
---|
2658 | } |
---|
2659 | |
---|
2660 | @ARTICLE{Reverdin1991, |
---|
2661 | author = {G. Reverdin and P. Delecluse and C. L\'{e}vy and P. Andrich and A. |
---|
2662 | Morli\`{e}re and J. M. Verstraete}, |
---|
2663 | title = {The near surface tropical Atlantic in 1982-1984 : results from a |
---|
2664 | numerical simulation and a data analysis}, |
---|
2665 | journal = PO, |
---|
2666 | year = {1991}, |
---|
2667 | volume = {27}, |
---|
2668 | pages = {273-340}, |
---|
2669 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2670 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2671 | } |
---|
2672 | |
---|
2673 | @BOOK{Richtmyer1967, |
---|
2674 | title = {Difference methods for initial-value problems}, |
---|
2675 | publisher = {Interscience Publisher, Second Edition, 405pp}, |
---|
2676 | year = {1967}, |
---|
2677 | author = {R. D. Richtmyer and K. W. Morton}, |
---|
2678 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2679 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2680 | } |
---|
2681 | |
---|
2682 | @ARTICLE{Robert1966, |
---|
2683 | author = {A. J. Robert}, |
---|
2684 | title = {The integration of a Low order spectral form of the primitive meteorological |
---|
2685 | equations}, |
---|
2686 | journal = JMSJ, |
---|
2687 | year = {1966}, |
---|
2688 | volume = {44, 2}, |
---|
2689 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2690 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2691 | } |
---|
2692 | |
---|
2693 | @ARTICLE{Rodgers_al_GRL04, |
---|
2694 | author = {K. Rodgers and O. Aumont and G. Madec and C. Menkes}, |
---|
2695 | title = {Radiocarbon as a thermocline proxy for the eastern equatorial Pacific}, |
---|
2696 | journal = GRL, |
---|
2697 | year = {2004}, |
---|
2698 | volume = {31}, |
---|
2699 | pages = {L14314}, |
---|
2700 | doi = {10.1029/2004GL019764}, |
---|
2701 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2702 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
2703 | } |
---|
2704 | |
---|
2705 | @ARTICLE{Rodgers_al_GRL03, |
---|
2706 | author = {K. Rodgers and B. Blanke and G. Madec and O. Aumont and P. Ciais |
---|
2707 | and J.-C. Dutay}, |
---|
2708 | title = {Extratropical sources of equatorial pacific upwelling in an OGCM}, |
---|
2709 | journal = GRL, |
---|
2710 | year = {2003}, |
---|
2711 | volume = {30, 2}, |
---|
2712 | doi = {10.1029/2002GL016003}, |
---|
2713 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2714 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
2715 | } |
---|
2716 | |
---|
2717 | @INCOLLECTION{Roed1986, |
---|
2718 | author = {L.P. Roed and C.K. Cooper}, |
---|
2719 | title = {Open boundary conditions in numerical ocean models}, |
---|
2720 | booktitle = {Advanced Physical Oceanography Numerical Modelling}, |
---|
2721 | publisher = { NATO ASI Series, vol. 186.}, |
---|
2722 | year = {1986}, |
---|
2723 | editor = {J.J. O'Brien} |
---|
2724 | } |
---|
2725 | |
---|
2726 | @ARTICLE{Roullet_Madec_JGR00, |
---|
2727 | author = {G. Roullet and G. Madec}, |
---|
2728 | title = {salt conservation, free surface, and varying levels: a new formulation |
---|
2729 | for ocean general circulation models}, |
---|
2730 | journal = JGR, |
---|
2731 | year = {2000}, |
---|
2732 | volume = {105}, |
---|
2733 | pages = {23,927--23,942}, |
---|
2734 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2735 | pdf = {Roullet_Madec_JGR00.pdf}, |
---|
2736 | timestamp = {2007.03.22} |
---|
2737 | } |
---|
2738 | |
---|
2739 | @ARTICLE{Sadourny1975, |
---|
2740 | author = {R. Sadourny}, |
---|
2741 | title = {The Dynamics of Finite-Difference Models of the Shallow-Water Equations}, |
---|
2742 | journal = JAS, |
---|
2743 | year = {1975}, |
---|
2744 | volume = {32}, |
---|
2745 | pages = {680--689}, |
---|
2746 | number = {4}, |
---|
2747 | abstract = {Two simple numerical models of the shallow-water equations identical |
---|
2748 | in all respects but for their con-servation properties have been |
---|
2749 | tested regarding their internal mixing processes. The experiments |
---|
2750 | show that violation of enstrophy conservation results in a spurious |
---|
2751 | accumulation of rotational energy in the smaller scales, reflected |
---|
2752 | by an unrealistic increase of enstrophy, which ultimately produces |
---|
2753 | a finite rate of energy dissipation in the zero viscosity limit, |
---|
2754 | thus violating the well-known dynamics of two-dimensional flow. Further, |
---|
2755 | the experiments show a tendency to equipartition of the kinetic energy |
---|
2756 | of the divergent part of the flow in the inviscid limit, suggesting |
---|
2757 | the possibility of a divergent energy cascade in the physical system, |
---|
2758 | as well as a possible influence of the energy mixing on the process |
---|
2759 | of adjustment toward balanced flow.}, |
---|
2760 | date = {April 01, 1975}, |
---|
2761 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2762 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
2763 | } |
---|
2764 | |
---|
2765 | @ARTICLE{Sarmiento1982, |
---|
2766 | author = {J. L. Sarmiento and K. Bryan}, |
---|
2767 | title = {Ocean transport model for the North Atlantic}, |
---|
2768 | journal = JGR, |
---|
2769 | year = {1982}, |
---|
2770 | volume = {87}, |
---|
2771 | pages = {394--409}, |
---|
2772 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2773 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2774 | } |
---|
2775 | |
---|
2776 | @ARTICLE{Sacha2005, |
---|
2777 | author = {A. F. Shchepetkin and J. C. McWilliams}, |
---|
2778 | title = {The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS) - a split-explicit, free-surface, |
---|
2779 | topography-following-coordinate oceanic modelr}, |
---|
2780 | journal = {Ocean Modelling}, |
---|
2781 | year = {2005}, |
---|
2782 | volume = {9, 4}, |
---|
2783 | pages = {347--404}, |
---|
2784 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2785 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2786 | } |
---|
2787 | |
---|
2788 | @ARTICLE{Sacha2003, |
---|
2789 | author = {A. F. Shchepetkin and J. C. McWilliams}, |
---|
2790 | title = {A method for computing horizontal pressure-gradient force in an oceanic |
---|
2791 | model with a nonaligned |
---|
2792 | |
---|
2793 | vertical coordinate}, |
---|
2794 | journal = JGR, |
---|
2795 | year = {2003}, |
---|
2796 | volume = {108(C3)}, |
---|
2797 | pages = {3090}, |
---|
2798 | doi = {10.1029/2001JC001047}, |
---|
2799 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2800 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
2801 | } |
---|
2802 | |
---|
2803 | @ARTICLE{Shchepetkin1996, |
---|
2804 | author = {A. F. Shchepetkin and J. J. O'Brien}, |
---|
2805 | title = {A Physically Consistent Formulation of Lateral Friction in Shallow-Water |
---|
2806 | Equation Ocean Models}, |
---|
2807 | journal = MWR, |
---|
2808 | year = {1996}, |
---|
2809 | volume = {124}, |
---|
2810 | pages = {1285--1300}, |
---|
2811 | number = {6}, |
---|
2812 | abstract = {Dissipation in numerical ocean models has two purposes: to simulate |
---|
2813 | processes in which the friction is physically relevant and to prevent |
---|
2814 | numerical instability by suppressing accumulation of energy in the |
---|
2815 | smallest resolved scales. This study shows that even for the latter |
---|
2816 | case the form of the friction term should be chosen in a physically |
---|
2817 | consistent way. Violation of fundamental physical principles reduces |
---|
2818 | the fidelity of the numerical solution, even if the friction is small. |
---|
2819 | Several forms of the lateral friction, commonly used in numerical |
---|
2820 | ocean models, are discussed in the context of shallow-water equations |
---|
2821 | with nonuniform layer thickness. It is shown that in a numerical |
---|
2822 | model tuned for the minimal dissipation, the improper form of the |
---|
2823 | friction term creates finite artificial vorticity sources that do |
---|
2824 | not vanish with increased resolution, even if the viscous coefficient |
---|
2825 | is reduced consistently with resolution. An alternative numerical |
---|
2826 | implementation of the no-slip boundary conditions for an arbitrary |
---|
2827 | coast line is considered. It was found that the quality of the numerical |
---|
2828 | solution may be considerably improved by discretization of the viscous |
---|
2829 | stress tensor in such a way that the numerical boundary scheme approximates |
---|
2830 | not only the stress tensor to a certain order of accuracy but also |
---|
2831 | simulates the truncation error of the numerical scheme used in the |
---|
2832 | interior of the domain. This ensures error cancellation during subsequent |
---|
2833 | use of the elements of the tensor in the discrete version of the |
---|
2834 | momentum equations, allowing for approximation of them without decrease |
---|
2835 | in the order of accuracy near the boundary.}, |
---|
2836 | date = {June 01, 1996}, |
---|
2837 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2838 | timestamp = {2007.08.14} |
---|
2839 | } |
---|
2840 | |
---|
2841 | @ARTICLE{Simmons_al_OM03, |
---|
2842 | author = {H. L. Simmons and S. R. Jayne and L. C. St. Laurent and A. J. Weaver}, |
---|
2843 | title = {Tidally driven mixing in a numerical model of the |
---|
2844 | |
---|
2845 | ocean general circulation}, |
---|
2846 | journal = OM, |
---|
2847 | year = {2003}, |
---|
2848 | pages = {1--19}, |
---|
2849 | abstract = {Astronomical data reveals that approximately 3.5 terawatts (TW) of |
---|
2850 | tidal energy is dissipated in the |
---|
2851 | |
---|
2852 | ocean. Tidal models and satellite altimetry suggest that 1 TW of this |
---|
2853 | energy is converted from the barotropic |
---|
2854 | |
---|
2855 | to internal tides in the deep ocean, predominantly around regions |
---|
2856 | of rough topography such as midocean |
---|
2857 | |
---|
2858 | ridges. Aglobal tidal model is used to compute turbulent energy levels |
---|
2859 | associated with the dissipation |
---|
2860 | |
---|
2861 | of internal tides, and the diapycnal mixing supported by this energy |
---|
2862 | ?ux is computed using a simple parameterization. |
---|
2863 | |
---|
2864 | The mixing parameterization has been incorporated into a coarse resolution |
---|
2865 | numerical model of the |
---|
2866 | |
---|
2867 | global ocean. This parameterization o?ers an energetically consistent |
---|
2868 | and practical means of improving the |
---|
2869 | |
---|
2870 | representation of ocean mixing processes in climate models. Novel |
---|
2871 | features of this implementation are that |
---|
2872 | |
---|
2873 | the model explicitly accounts for the tidal energy source for mixing, |
---|
2874 | and that the mixing evolves both |
---|
2875 | |
---|
2876 | spatially and temporally with the model state. At equilibrium, the |
---|
2877 | globally averaged di?usivity pro?le |
---|
2878 | |
---|
2879 | ranges from 0.3 cm2 s1 at thermocline depths to 7.7 cm2 s1 in the |
---|
2880 | abyss with a depth average of 0.9 |
---|
2881 | |
---|
2882 | cm2 s1, in close agreement with inferences from global balances. |
---|
2883 | Water properties are strongly in?uenced |
---|
2884 | |
---|
2885 | by the combination of weak mixing in the main thermocline and enhanced |
---|
2886 | mixing in the deep ocean. |
---|
2887 | |
---|
2888 | Climatological comparisons show that the parameterized mixing scheme |
---|
2889 | results in a substantial reduction}, |
---|
2890 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2891 | pdf = {Simmons_mixing_OM2003.pdf}, |
---|
2892 | timestamp = {2007.03.22} |
---|
2893 | } |
---|
2894 | |
---|
2895 | @ARTICLE{Le_Sommer_al_OM09, |
---|
2896 | author = {J. Le Sommer and T. Penduff and S. Theetten and G. Madec and B. Barnier}, |
---|
2897 | title = {How momentum advection schemes influence current-topography interactions |
---|
2898 | at eddy permitting resolution}, |
---|
2899 | journal = OM, |
---|
2900 | year = {2009}, |
---|
2901 | volume = {29, 1}, |
---|
2902 | pages = {1--14}, |
---|
2903 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2904 | timestamp = {2009.08.16}, |
---|
2905 | url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.11.007} |
---|
2906 | } |
---|
2907 | |
---|
2908 | @ARTICLE{Song_Haidvogel_JCP94, |
---|
2909 | author = {Y. Song and D. Haidvogel}, |
---|
2910 | title = {A semi-implicit ocean circulation model using a generalized topography-following |
---|
2911 | coordinate system}, |
---|
2912 | journal = JCP, |
---|
2913 | year = {1994}, |
---|
2914 | volume = {115, 1}, |
---|
2915 | pages = {228--244}, |
---|
2916 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2917 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
2918 | } |
---|
2919 | |
---|
2920 | @ARTICLE{Song1998, |
---|
2921 | author = {Y. T. Song}, |
---|
2922 | title = {A General Pressure Gradient Formulation for Ocean Models. Part I: |
---|
2923 | Scheme Design and Diagnostic Analysis}, |
---|
2924 | journal = MWR, |
---|
2925 | year = {1998}, |
---|
2926 | volume = {126}, |
---|
2927 | pages = {3213--3230}, |
---|
2928 | number = {12}, |
---|
2929 | abstract = {A Jacobian formulation of the pressure gradient force for use in models |
---|
2930 | with topography-following coordinates is proposed. It can be used |
---|
2931 | in conjunction with any vertical coordinate system and is easily |
---|
2932 | implemented. Vertical variations in the pressure gradient are expressed |
---|
2933 | in terms of a vertical integral of the Jacobian of density and depth |
---|
2934 | with respect to the vertical computational coordinate. Finite difference |
---|
2935 | approximations are made on the density field, consistent with piecewise |
---|
2936 | linear and continuous fields, and accurate pressure gradients are |
---|
2937 | obtained by vertically integrating the discrete Jacobian from sea |
---|
2938 | surface.Two discrete schemes are derived and examined in detail: |
---|
2939 | the first using standard centered differencing in the generalized |
---|
2940 | vertical coordinate and the second using a vertical weighting such |
---|
2941 | that the finite differences are centered with respect to the Cartesian |
---|
2942 | z coordinate. Both schemes achieve second-order accuracy for any |
---|
2943 | vertical coordinate system and are significantly more accurate than |
---|
2944 | conventional schemes based on estimating the pressure gradients by |
---|
2945 | finite differencing a previously determined pressure field.The standard |
---|
2946 | Jacobian formulation is constructed to give exact pressure gradient |
---|
2947 | results, independent of the bottom topography, if the buoyancy field |
---|
2948 | varies bilinearly with horizontal position, x, and the generalized |
---|
2949 | vertical coordinate, s, over each grid cell. Similarly, the weighted |
---|
2950 | Jacobian scheme is designed to achieve exact results, when the buoyancy |
---|
2951 | field varies linearly with z and arbitrarily with x, that is, b(x,z) |
---|
2952 | = b0(x) + b1(x)z.When horizontal resolution cannot be made |
---|
2953 | fine enough to avoid hydrostatic inconsistency, errors can be substantially |
---|
2954 | reduced by the choice of an appropriate vertical coordinate. Tests |
---|
2955 | with horizontally uniform, vertically varying, and with horizontally |
---|
2956 | and vertically varying buoyancy fields show that the standard Jacobian |
---|
2957 | formulation achieves superior results when the condition for hydrostatic |
---|
2958 | consistency is satisfied, but when coarse horizontal resolution causes |
---|
2959 | this condition to be strongly violated, the weighted Jacobian may |
---|
2960 | give superior results.}, |
---|
2961 | date = {December 01, 1998}, |
---|
2962 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
2963 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
2964 | } |
---|
2965 | |
---|
2966 | @ARTICLE{SongWright1998, |
---|
2967 | author = {Y. T. Song and D. G. Wright}, |
---|
2968 | title = {A General Pressure Gradient Formulation for Ocean Models. Part II |
---|
2969 | - Energy, Momentum, and Bottom Torque Consistency}, |
---|
2970 | journal = MWR, |
---|
2971 | year = {1998}, |
---|
2972 | volume = {126}, |
---|
2973 | pages = {3231--3247}, |
---|
2974 | number = {12}, |
---|
2975 | abstract = {A new formulation of the pressure gradient force for use in models |
---|
2976 | with topography-following coordinates is proposed and diagnostically |
---|
2977 | analyzed in Part I. Here, it is shown that important properties of |
---|
2978 | the continuous equations are retained by the resulting numerical |
---|
2979 | schemes, and their performance in prognostic simulations is examined. |
---|
2980 | Numerical consistency is investigated with respect to global energy |
---|
2981 | conservation, depth-integrated momentum changes, and the representation |
---|
2982 | of the bottom pressure torque. The performances of the numerical |
---|
2983 | schemes are tested in prognostic integrations of an ocean model to |
---|
2984 | demonstrate numerical accuracy and long-term integral stability. |
---|
2985 | Two typical geometries, an isolated tall seamount and an unforced |
---|
2986 | basin with sloping boundaries, are considered for the special case |
---|
2987 | of no external forcing and horizontal isopycnals to test numerical |
---|
2988 | accuracy. These test problems confirm that the proposed schemes yield |
---|
2989 | accurate approximations to the pressure gradient force. Integral |
---|
2990 | consistency conditions are verified and the energetics of the “advective |
---|
2991 | elimination” of the pressure gradient error (Mellor et al) |
---|
2992 | is considered.A large-scale wind-driven basin with and without topography |
---|
2993 | is used to test the model’s long-term integral performance |
---|
2994 | and the effects of bottom pressure torque on the transport in western |
---|
2995 | boundary currents. Integrations are carried out for 10 years in each |
---|
2996 | case and results show that the schemes are stable, and the steep |
---|
2997 | topography causes no obvious numerical problems. A realistic meandering |
---|
2998 | western boundary current is well developed with detached cold cyclonic |
---|
2999 | and warm anticyclonic eddies as it extends across the basin. In addition, |
---|
3000 | the results with topography show earlier separation and enhanced |
---|
3001 | transport in the western boundary currents due to the bottom pressure |
---|
3002 | torque.}, |
---|
3003 | date = {December 01, 1998}, |
---|
3004 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3005 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
3006 | } |
---|
3007 | |
---|
3008 | @ARTICLE{Speer_al_Tel00, |
---|
3009 | author = {K. Speer and E. Guilyardi and G. Madec}, |
---|
3010 | title = {Southern Ocean transformation in a coupled model with and without |
---|
3011 | eddy mass fluxes}, |
---|
3012 | journal = {Tellus}, |
---|
3013 | year = {2000}, |
---|
3014 | volume = {52A, 5}, |
---|
3015 | pages = {554--565}, |
---|
3016 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3017 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
3018 | } |
---|
3019 | |
---|
3020 | @PHDTHESIS{Speich_PhD92, |
---|
3021 | author = {S. Speich}, |
---|
3022 | title = {Etude du for\c{c}age de la circulation g\'{e}n\'{e}rale oc\'{e}anique |
---|
3023 | par les d\'{e}troits - cas de la mer d'Alboran}, |
---|
3024 | school = {Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France}, |
---|
3025 | year = {1992}, |
---|
3026 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3027 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
3028 | } |
---|
3029 | |
---|
3030 | @ARTICLE{Speich_al_GRL01, |
---|
3031 | author = {S. Speich and B. Blanke and G. Madec}, |
---|
3032 | title = {Warm and cold water paths of an OGCM thermohaline conveyor belt}, |
---|
3033 | journal = GRL, |
---|
3034 | year = {2001}, |
---|
3035 | volume = {28, 2}, |
---|
3036 | pages = {311--314}, |
---|
3037 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3038 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
3039 | } |
---|
3040 | |
---|
3041 | @ARTICLE{Speich_al_JPO96, |
---|
3042 | author = {S. Speich and G. Madec and M. Cr\'{e}pon}, |
---|
3043 | title = {The circulation in the Alboran Sea - a sensitivity study}, |
---|
3044 | journal = JPO, |
---|
3045 | year = {1996}, |
---|
3046 | volume = {26, 3}, |
---|
3047 | pages = {320--340}, |
---|
3048 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3049 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
3050 | } |
---|
3051 | |
---|
3052 | @ARTICLE{Steele2001, |
---|
3053 | author = {M. Steele and R. Morley and W. Ermold}, |
---|
3054 | title = {PHC- A Global Ocean Hydrography with a High-Quality Arctic Ocean}, |
---|
3055 | journal = JC, |
---|
3056 | year = {2001}, |
---|
3057 | volume = {14}, |
---|
3058 | pages = {2079--2087 |
---|
3059 | |
---|
3060 | }, |
---|
3061 | number = {9}, |
---|
3062 | abstract = {A new gridded ocean climatology, the Polar Science Center Hydrographic |
---|
3063 | Climatology (PHC), has been created that merges the 1998 version |
---|
3064 | of the World Ocean Atlas with the new regional Arctic Ocean Atlas. |
---|
3065 | The result is a global climatology for temperature and salinity that |
---|
3066 | contains a good description of the Arctic Ocean and its environs. |
---|
3067 | Monthly, seasonal, and annual average products have been generated. |
---|
3068 | How the original datasets were prepared for merging, how the optimal |
---|
3069 | interpolation procedure was performed, and characteristics of the |
---|
3070 | resulting dataset are discussed, followed by a summary and discussion |
---|
3071 | of future plans.}, |
---|
3072 | date = {May 01, 2001}, |
---|
3073 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3074 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
3075 | } |
---|
3076 | |
---|
3077 | @ARTICLE{Stein_Stein_Nat92, |
---|
3078 | author = {C. A. Stein and S. Stein}, |
---|
3079 | title = {A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with |
---|
3080 | lithospheric age}, |
---|
3081 | journal = {Nature}, |
---|
3082 | year = {1992}, |
---|
3083 | volume = {359}, |
---|
3084 | pages = {123--129}, |
---|
3085 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3086 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
3087 | } |
---|
3088 | |
---|
3089 | @ARTICLE{Thiem_Berntsen_OM06, |
---|
3090 | author = {O. Thiem and J. Berntsen}, |
---|
3091 | title = {Internal pressure errors in sigma-coordinate ocean models due to |
---|
3092 | anisotropy}, |
---|
3093 | journal = OM, |
---|
3094 | year = {2006}, |
---|
3095 | volume = {12, 1-2}, |
---|
3096 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3097 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
3098 | } |
---|
3099 | |
---|
3100 | @ARTICLE{Timmermann_al_OM05, |
---|
3101 | author = {R. Timmermann and H. Goosse and G. Madec and T. Fichefet, and C. |
---|
3102 | Ethe and V. Duli\`{e}re}, |
---|
3103 | title = {On the representation of high latitude processes in the ORCA-LIM |
---|
3104 | global coupled |
---|
3105 | |
---|
3106 | sea ice-ocean model.}, |
---|
3107 | journal = OM, |
---|
3108 | year = {2005}, |
---|
3109 | volume = {8}, |
---|
3110 | pages = {175–201}, |
---|
3111 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3112 | timestamp = {2008.07.05} |
---|
3113 | } |
---|
3114 | |
---|
3115 | @ARTICLE{Treguier_JGR92, |
---|
3116 | author = {A.M. Tr\'{e}guier}, |
---|
3117 | title = {Kinetic energy analysis of an eddy resolving, primitive equation |
---|
3118 | North Atlantic model}, |
---|
3119 | journal = JGR, |
---|
3120 | year = {1992}, |
---|
3121 | volume = {97}, |
---|
3122 | pages = {687-701} |
---|
3123 | } |
---|
3124 | |
---|
3125 | @ARTICLE{Treguier_al_JGR01, |
---|
3126 | author = {A.M Tr\'{e}guier and B. Barnier and A.P. de Miranda and J.M. Molines |
---|
3127 | and N. Grima and M. Imbard and G. Madec and C. Messager and T. Reynaud |
---|
3128 | and S. Michel}, |
---|
3129 | title = {An Eddy Permitting model of the Atlantic circulation: evaluating |
---|
3130 | open boundary conditions}, |
---|
3131 | journal = JGR, |
---|
3132 | year = {2001}, |
---|
3133 | volume = {106}, |
---|
3134 | pages = {22,115--22,129} |
---|
3135 | } |
---|
3136 | |
---|
3137 | @ARTICLE{Treguier_al_DSR03, |
---|
3138 | author = {A.-M. Tr\'{e}guier and O. Boedel and B. Barnier and G. Madec}, |
---|
3139 | title = {Agulhas eddy fluxes in a 1/6^o Atlantic model}, |
---|
3140 | journal = DSR, |
---|
3141 | year = {2003}, |
---|
3142 | pages = {251--280}, |
---|
3143 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3144 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
3145 | } |
---|
3146 | |
---|
3147 | @ARTICLE{Treguier1996, |
---|
3148 | author = {A.-M. Tr\'{e}guier and J. Dukowicz and K. Bryan}, |
---|
3149 | title = {Properties of nonuniform grids used in ocean general circulation |
---|
3150 | models}, |
---|
3151 | journal = JGR, |
---|
3152 | year = {1996}, |
---|
3153 | volume = {101}, |
---|
3154 | pages = {20,877--20,881}, |
---|
3155 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3156 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
3157 | } |
---|
3158 | |
---|
3159 | @ARTICLE{Treguier_al_OS07, |
---|
3160 | author = {A.-M. Tr\'{e}guier and M. H. England and S. R. Rintoul and G. Madec |
---|
3161 | and J. Le Sommer and J.-M. Molines}, |
---|
3162 | title = {Southern Ocean overturning across streamlines in an eddying simulation |
---|
3163 | of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current}, |
---|
3164 | journal = OS, |
---|
3165 | year = {2007}, |
---|
3166 | volume = {4}, |
---|
3167 | pages = {653--698}, |
---|
3168 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3169 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
3170 | } |
---|
3171 | |
---|
3172 | @ARTICLE{Treguier_al_OD06, |
---|
3173 | author = {A.-M. Tr\'{e}guier and C. Gourcuff and P. Lherminier and H. Mercier |
---|
3174 | and B. Barnier and G. Madec and J.-M. Molines and T. Penduff and |
---|
3175 | L. Czeschel and C. Böning}, |
---|
3176 | title = {Internal and forced variability along a section between Greenland |
---|
3177 | and Portugal in the CLIPPER Atlantic model}, |
---|
3178 | journal = OD, |
---|
3179 | year = {2006}, |
---|
3180 | volume = {56}, |
---|
3181 | pages = {568--580}, |
---|
3182 | doi = {i10.1007/s10236-006-0069-y}, |
---|
3183 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3184 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
3185 | } |
---|
3186 | |
---|
3187 | @ARTICLE{Treguier1997, |
---|
3188 | author = {A. M. Tr\'{e}guier and I. M. Held and V. D. Larichev}, |
---|
3189 | title = {Parameterization of Quasigeostrophic Eddies in Primitive Equation |
---|
3190 | Ocean Models}, |
---|
3191 | journal = JPO, |
---|
3192 | year = {1997}, |
---|
3193 | volume = {27}, |
---|
3194 | pages = {567--580}, |
---|
3195 | number = {4}, |
---|
3196 | abstract = {A parameterization of mesoscale eddy fluxes in the ocean should be |
---|
3197 | consistent with the fact that the ocean interior is nearly adiabatic. |
---|
3198 | Gent and McWilliams have described a framework in which this can |
---|
3199 | be approximated in z-coordinate primitive equation models by incorporating |
---|
3200 | the effects of eddies on the buoyancy field through an eddy-induced |
---|
3201 | velocity. It is also natural to base a parameterization on the simple |
---|
3202 | picture of the mixing of potential vorticity in the interior and |
---|
3203 | the mixing of buoyancy at the surface. The authors discuss the various |
---|
3204 | constraints imposed by these two requirements and attempt to clarify |
---|
3205 | the appropriate boundary conditions on the eddy-induced velocities |
---|
3206 | at the surface. Quasigeostrophic theory is used as a guide to the |
---|
3207 | simplest way of satisfying these constraints.}, |
---|
3208 | date = {April 01, 1997}, |
---|
3209 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3210 | timestamp = {2007.08.03} |
---|
3211 | } |
---|
3212 | |
---|
3213 | @BOOK{UNESCO1983, |
---|
3214 | title = {Algorithms for computation of fundamental property of sea water}, |
---|
3215 | publisher = {Techn. Paper in Mar. Sci, 44, UNESCO}, |
---|
3216 | year = {1983}, |
---|
3217 | author = {UNESCO}, |
---|
3218 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3219 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
3220 | } |
---|
3221 | |
---|
3222 | @TECHREPORT{OASIS2006, |
---|
3223 | author = {S. Valcke}, |
---|
3224 | title = {OASIS3 User Guide (prism\_2-5)}, |
---|
3225 | institution = {PRISM Support Initiative Report No 3, CERFACS, Toulouse, France, |
---|
3226 | 64 pp}, |
---|
3227 | year = {2006}, |
---|
3228 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3229 | timestamp = {2007.08.05} |
---|
3230 | } |
---|
3231 | |
---|
3232 | @TECHREPORT{Valcke_al_Rep00, |
---|
3233 | author = {S. Valcke and L. Terray and A. Piacentini }, |
---|
3234 | title = {The OASIS Coupled User Guide Version 2.4}, |
---|
3235 | institution = {CERFACS}, |
---|
3236 | year = {2000}, |
---|
3237 | number = {TR/CMGC/00-10}, |
---|
3238 | owner = {gm} |
---|
3239 | } |
---|
3240 | |
---|
3241 | @ARTICLE{Vancoppenolle_al_OM09b, |
---|
3242 | author = {M. Vancoppenolle and T. Fichefet and H. Goosse}, |
---|
3243 | title = {Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic |
---|
3244 | sea ice. 2. Importance of sea ice salinity variations}, |
---|
3245 | journal = {0M}, |
---|
3246 | year = {2009}, |
---|
3247 | volume = {27}, |
---|
3248 | pages = {54--69}, |
---|
3249 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3250 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
3251 | } |
---|
3252 | |
---|
3253 | @ARTICLE{Vancoppenolle_al_OM09a, |
---|
3254 | author = {M. Vancoppenolle and T. Fichefet and H. Goosse and S. Bouillon and |
---|
3255 | G. Madec and M. A. Morales Maqueda}, |
---|
3256 | title = {Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic |
---|
3257 | sea ice. 1. Model description and validation}, |
---|
3258 | journal = OM, |
---|
3259 | year = {2009}, |
---|
3260 | volume = {27}, |
---|
3261 | pages = {33--53}, |
---|
3262 | doi = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.10.005}, |
---|
3263 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3264 | timestamp = {2008.07.05} |
---|
3265 | } |
---|
3266 | |
---|
3267 | @ARTICLE{Vialard_al_JPO01, |
---|
3268 | author = {J. Vialard and C. Menkes and J.-P. Boulanger and P. Delecluse and |
---|
3269 | E. Guilyardi and M.J. McPhaden and G. Madec}, |
---|
3270 | title = {A Model Study of Oceanic Mechanisms Affecting Equatorial Pacific |
---|
3271 | Sea Surface Temperature During the 1997-98 El Niño}, |
---|
3272 | journal = JPO, |
---|
3273 | year = {2001}, |
---|
3274 | volume = {31, 7}, |
---|
3275 | pages = {1649--1675}, |
---|
3276 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3277 | timestamp = {2009.08.20} |
---|
3278 | } |
---|
3279 | |
---|
3280 | @ARTICLE{Weatherly_JMR84, |
---|
3281 | author = {G. L. Weatherly}, |
---|
3282 | title = {An estimate of bottom frictional dissipation by Gulf Stream fluctuations}, |
---|
3283 | journal = JMR, |
---|
3284 | year = {1984}, |
---|
3285 | volume = {42, 2}, |
---|
3286 | pages = {289-301}, |
---|
3287 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3288 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
3289 | } |
---|
3290 | |
---|
3291 | @ARTICLE{Weaver_Eby_JPO97, |
---|
3292 | author = {A. J. Weaver and M. Eby}, |
---|
3293 | title = {On the numerical implementation of advection schemes for use in conjuction |
---|
3294 | with various mixing |
---|
3295 | |
---|
3296 | parameterizations in the GFDL ocean model}, |
---|
3297 | journal = JPO, |
---|
3298 | year = {1997}, |
---|
3299 | volume = {27}, |
---|
3300 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3301 | timestamp = {2007.08.06} |
---|
3302 | } |
---|
3303 | |
---|
3304 | @ARTICLE{Webb_al_JAOT98, |
---|
3305 | author = {D. J. Webb and B. A. de Cuevas and C. S. Richmond}, |
---|
3306 | title = {Improved Advection Schemes for Ocean Models}, |
---|
3307 | journal = JAOT, |
---|
3308 | year = {1998}, |
---|
3309 | volume = {15}, |
---|
3310 | pages = {1171-1187}, |
---|
3311 | number = {5}, |
---|
3312 | abstract = {Leonard’s widely used QUICK advection scheme is, like the Bryan–Cox–Semtner |
---|
3313 | ocean model, based on a control volume form of the advection equation. |
---|
3314 | Unfortunately, in its normal form it cannot be used with the leapfrog–Euler |
---|
3315 | forward time-stepping schemes used by the ocean model. Farrow and |
---|
3316 | Stevens overcame the problem by implementing a predictor–corrector |
---|
3317 | time-stepping scheme, but this is computationally expensive to run. |
---|
3318 | The present paper shows that the problem can be overcome by splitting |
---|
3319 | the QUICK operator into an O(δx2) advective term and a velocity |
---|
3320 | dependent biharmonic diffusion term. These can then be time-stepped |
---|
3321 | using the combined leapfrog and Euler forward schemes of the Bryan–Cox–Semtner |
---|
3322 | ocean model, leading to a significant increase in model efficiency. |
---|
3323 | A small change in the advection operator coefficients may also be |
---|
3324 | made leading to O(δx4) accuracy. Tests of the improved schemes |
---|
3325 | are carried out making use of a global eddy-permitting ocean model. |
---|
3326 | Results are presented from cases where the schemes were applied to |
---|
3327 | only the tracer fields and also from cases where they were applied |
---|
3328 | to both the tracer and velocity fields. It is found that the new |
---|
3329 | schemes have the most effect in the western boundary current regions, |
---|
3330 | where, for example, the warm core of the Agulhas Current is no longer |
---|
3331 | broken up by numerical noise.}, |
---|
3332 | date = {October 01, 1998}, |
---|
3333 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3334 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
3335 | } |
---|
3336 | |
---|
3337 | @ARTICLE{Willebrand_al_PO01, |
---|
3338 | author = {J. Willebrand and B. Barnier and C. Boning and C. Dieterich and P. |
---|
3339 | D. Killworth and C. Le Provost and Y. Jia and J.-M. Molines and A. |
---|
3340 | L. New}, |
---|
3341 | title = {Circulation characteristics in three eddy-permitting models of the |
---|
3342 | North Atlantic}, |
---|
3343 | journal = PO, |
---|
3344 | year = {2001}, |
---|
3345 | volume = {48, 2}, |
---|
3346 | pages = {123--161}, |
---|
3347 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3348 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
3349 | } |
---|
3350 | |
---|
3351 | @ARTICLE{Williams_al_DAO09, |
---|
3352 | author = {P.D. Williams and E. Guilyardi and G. Madec and S. Gualdi and E. |
---|
3353 | Scoccimarro}, |
---|
3354 | title = {The role of mean ocean salinity on climate}, |
---|
3355 | journal = DAO, |
---|
3356 | year = {2009}, |
---|
3357 | volume = {in press}, |
---|
3358 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3359 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
3360 | } |
---|
3361 | |
---|
3362 | @ARTICLE{Williams_al_GRL07, |
---|
3363 | author = {P.D. Williams and E. Guilyardi and R. Sutton and J.M. Gregory and |
---|
3364 | G. Madec}, |
---|
3365 | title = {A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle}, |
---|
3366 | journal = GRL, |
---|
3367 | year = {2007}, |
---|
3368 | volume = {34}, |
---|
3369 | pages = {L08706}, |
---|
3370 | doi = {10.1029/2007GL029275}, |
---|
3371 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3372 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
3373 | } |
---|
3374 | |
---|
3375 | @ARTICLE{Williams_al_CD06, |
---|
3376 | author = {P.D. Williams and E. Guilyardi and R. Sutton and J.M. Gregory and |
---|
3377 | G. Madec}, |
---|
3378 | title = {On the climate response of the low-latitude Pacific ocean to changes |
---|
3379 | in the global freshwater cycle}, |
---|
3380 | journal = CD, |
---|
3381 | year = {2006}, |
---|
3382 | volume = {27}, |
---|
3383 | pages = {593--611}, |
---|
3384 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3385 | timestamp = {2009.08.19} |
---|
3386 | } |
---|
3387 | |
---|
3388 | @ARTICLE{Zalesak_JCP79, |
---|
3389 | author = {S. T. Zalesak}, |
---|
3390 | title = {Fully multidimensional flux corrected transport algorithms for fluids}, |
---|
3391 | journal = JCP, |
---|
3392 | year = {1979}, |
---|
3393 | volume = {31}, |
---|
3394 | owner = {gm}, |
---|
3395 | timestamp = {2007.08.04} |
---|
3396 | } |
---|
3397 | |
---|
3398 | @ARTICLE{Zhang_Endoh_JGR92, |
---|
3399 | author = {Zhang, R.-H. and Endoh, M.}, |
---|
3400 | title = {A free surface general circulation model for the tropical Pacific |
---|
3401 | Ocean}, |
---|
3402 | journal = JGR, |
---|
3403 | year = {1992}, |
---|
3404 | volume = {97}, |
---|
3405 | pages = {11,237--11,255}, |
---|
3406 | month = jul, |
---|
3407 | owner = {gm} |
---|
3408 | } |
---|
3409 | |
---|
3410 | @comment{jabref-meta: groupsversion:3;} |
---|
3411 | |
---|
3412 | @comment{jabref-meta: groupstree: |
---|
3413 | 0 AllEntriesGroup:; |
---|
3414 | 1 ExplicitGroup:El Nino\;2\;blanketal97\;; |
---|
3415 | 2 ExplicitGroup:97/98 event\;0\;; |
---|
3416 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Forecast\;0\;; |
---|
3417 | 2 ExplicitGroup:GHG change\;0\;; |
---|
3418 | 2 ExplicitGroup:in GCMs\;0\;; |
---|
3419 | 2 ExplicitGroup:in MIPs\;0\;; |
---|
3420 | 2 ExplicitGroup:momentum balance\;0\;; |
---|
3421 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Obs analysis\;0\;; |
---|
3422 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Paleo\;0\;; |
---|
3423 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Previous events\;0\;; |
---|
3424 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Reviews\;0\;; |
---|
3425 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Simple models\;0\;Zhang_Endoh_JGR92\;; |
---|
3426 | 2 ExplicitGroup:SPL, SC, mean\;0\;; |
---|
3427 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Teleconnections\;0\;; |
---|
3428 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Low freq\;0\;; |
---|
3429 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Theory\;0\;; |
---|
3430 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Energetics\;0\;; |
---|
3431 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Diurnal in tropics\;0\;; |
---|
3432 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Indian\;0\;; |
---|
3433 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Atlantic\;0\;; |
---|
3434 | 1 ExplicitGroup:MJO, IO, TIW\;2\;; |
---|
3435 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Obs\;0\;; |
---|
3436 | 2 ExplicitGroup:GCM\;0\;; |
---|
3437 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Mechanims\;0\;; |
---|
3438 | 2 ExplicitGroup:TIW\;0\;; |
---|
3439 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Observations\;2\;; |
---|
3440 | 2 ExplicitGroup:ERBE\;0\;; |
---|
3441 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Tropical\;0\;; |
---|
3442 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Global\;0\;; |
---|
3443 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Clouds\;0\;; |
---|
3444 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Scale interactions\;0\;; |
---|
3445 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Mechanisms\;2\;; |
---|
3446 | 2 ExplicitGroup:CRF\;0\;; |
---|
3447 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Water vapor\;0\;; |
---|
3448 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Atmos mechanisms\;0\;; |
---|
3449 | 1 ExplicitGroup:GCMs\;2\;; |
---|
3450 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Uncertainty\;0\;; |
---|
3451 | 2 ExplicitGroup:Momentum balance\;0\;; |
---|
3452 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Climate change\;0\;; |
---|
3453 | 2 ExplicitGroup:IPCC AR4\;0\;; |
---|
3454 | 1 ExplicitGroup:Analysis tools\;0\;; |
---|
3455 | 1 KeywordGroup:EG publis\;0\;author\;guilyardi\;0\;0\;; |
---|
3456 | } |
---|
3457 | |
---|