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sbcblk_core.F90 in branches/UKMO/dev_r5518_FOAMv14_output_heat_fluxes/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC – NEMO

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source: branches/UKMO/dev_r5518_FOAMv14_output_heat_fluxes/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC/sbcblk_core.F90 @ 10879

Last change on this file since 10879 was 10879, checked in by anaguiar, 5 years ago
Changes to reinstate heat fluxes, see https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/gmed/ticket/454
File size: 50.6 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk_core
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!!=====================================================================
6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core_2z
14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
17	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
18	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
19
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
22	!! blk_oce_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
23	!! blk_ice_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ice
24	!! turb_core_2z : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients
25	!! cd_neutral_10m : Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m
26	!! psi_m : universal profile stability function for momentum
27	!! psi_h : universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
28	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
29	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
30	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
31	USE phycst ! physical constants
32	USE fldread ! read input fields
33	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
34	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
35	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
36	USE iom ! I/O manager library
37	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
38	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
39	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
40	USE timing ! Timing
41	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
42	USE prtctl ! Print control
43	USE sbcwave, ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
44	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
45	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
46	#if defined key_lim3
47	USE ice, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, pfrld, a_i_b
48	USE limthd_dh ! for CALL lim_thd_snwblow
49	#elif defined key_lim2
50	USE ice_2, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice
51	USE par_ice_2
52	#endif
53
54	IMPLICIT NONE
55	PRIVATE
56
57	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
58	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
59	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_tau ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
60	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_flx ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
61	#endif
62	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
63
64	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
65	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
66	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
67	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
68	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
69	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
70	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
71	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
74
75	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
76
77	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
78	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
79	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
80	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
81	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
82	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
83	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.4e-3 ! iovi 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
84	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
85
86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
87	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
88	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
89	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation (clem)
90	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
91	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
92	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
93	REAL(wp), PUBLIC :: rn_sfac ! multiplication factor for snow precipitation over sea-ice
94
95	!! * Substitutions
96	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
97	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
98	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
99	!! NEMO/OPA 3.7 , NEMO-consortium (2014)
100	!! $Id$
101	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
102	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
103	CONTAINS
104
105	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
106	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
107	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
108	!!
109	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
110	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
111	!!
112	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
113	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
114	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
115	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
116	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
117	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
118	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
119	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
120	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
121	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
122	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
123	!!
124	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
125	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
126	!!
127	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
128	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
129	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
130	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
131	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
132	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
133	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
134	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
135	!!
136	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
137	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
138	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
139	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
140	!
141	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
142	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
143	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
144	INTEGER :: ios ! Local integer output status for namelist read
145	!
146	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
147	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
148	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
149	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
150	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_tdif ! " "
151	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, &
152	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
153	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
154	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, rn_sfac
155	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
156	!
157	! ! ====================== !
158	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
159	! ! ====================== !
160	!
161	rn_sfac = 1._wp ! Default to one if missing from namelist
162	REWIND( numnam_ref ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in reference namelist : CORE bulk parameters
163	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
164	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in reference namelist', lwp )
165	!
166	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in configuration namelist : CORE bulk parameters
167	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
168	902 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in configuration namelist', lwp )
169
170	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_core )
171	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
172	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
173	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
174	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
175	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
176	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
177	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
178	ENDIF
179	! ! store namelist information in an array
180	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
181	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
182	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
183	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
184	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
185	!
186	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
187	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
188	!
189	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
190	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
191	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
192	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
193	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
194	END DO
195	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
196	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
197	!
198	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
199	!
200	ENDIF
201
202	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
203
204	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
205	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
206
207	#if defined key_cice
208	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
209	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
210	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
211	ELSE ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
212	ENDIF
213	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
214	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
215	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
216	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
217	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
218	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
219	ENDIF
220	#endif
221	!
222	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
223
224
225	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
226	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
227	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
228	!!
229	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
230	!! the ocean surface at each time step
231	!!
232	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
233	!! fields read in sbc_read
234	!!
235	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
236	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
237	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
238	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
239	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
240	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
241	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
242	!!
243	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
244	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
245	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
246	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
247	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
248	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
249	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
250	!
251	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
252	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zevap ! evaporation
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
262	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
263	!
264	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
265	!
266	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zevap )
267	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
268	!
269	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
270	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
271
272	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
273
274	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
275	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
276	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
277
278	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
279	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
280	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
281	#if defined key_cyclone
282	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
283	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
284	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
285	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
286	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
287	END DO
288	END DO
289	#endif
290	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
291	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
292	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
293	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
294	END DO
295	END DO
296	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
297	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
298	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
299	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
300	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
301
302	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
303	! I Radiative FLUXES !
304	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
305
306	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
307	zztmp = 1. - albo
308	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
309	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
310	ENDIF
311
312	qlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
313	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
314	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
315	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
316
317	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
318	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
319
320	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
321	CALL turb_core_2z( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, sf(jp_tair)%fnow, zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
322	& Cd, Ch, Ce, zt_zu, zq_zu )
323
324	! ... tau module, i and j component
325	DO jj = 1, jpj
326	DO ji = 1, jpi
327	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
328	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
329	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
330	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
331	END DO
332	END DO
333
334	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
335	IF( lhftau ) THEN
336	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
337	ENDIF
338	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
339
340	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
341	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
342	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
343	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
344	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
345	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
346	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
347	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
348	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
349	END DO
350	END DO
351	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
352	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
353
354
355	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
356	! -----------------------------
357	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
358	!! q_air and t_air are (or "are almost") given at 10m (wind reference height)
359	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
360	qsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
361	ELSE
362	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
363	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
364	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
365	qsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
366	ENDIF
367	qla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
368
369	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
370	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=qla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
371	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=qsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
372	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=qlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
373	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
374	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
375	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
376	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
377	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
378	ENDIF
379
380	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
381	! III Total FLUXES !
382	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
383	!
384	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
385	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
386	!
387	qns(:,:) = qlw(:,:) - qsb(:,:) - qla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
388	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
389	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
390	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
391	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
392	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
393	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
394	!
395	#if defined key_lim3
396	qns_oce(:,:) = qlw(:,:) - qsb(:,:) - qla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by LIM3)
397	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
398	#endif
399	!
400	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
401	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , qlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
402	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - qsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
403	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - qla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
404	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-qlw+qsb+qla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
405	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
406	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
407	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
408	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
409	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
410	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow
411	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
412	ENDIF
413	!
414	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
415	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=qsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qsb : ', tab2d_2=qlw , clinfo2=' qlw : ')
416	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=qla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
417	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
418	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
419	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
420	ENDIF
421	!
422	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zevap )
423	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
424	!
425	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
426	!
427	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
428
429
430	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
431	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
432	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
433	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau *
434	!!
435	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
436	!!
437	!! ** Method : compute momentum using CORE bulk
438	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
439	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
440	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
441	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
442	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2
443	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
444	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
445	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
446	!
447	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_tau')
448	!
449	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
450	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
451	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
452
453	!!gm brutal....
454	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
455	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
456	wndm_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
457	!!gm end
458
459	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
460	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
461	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
462	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
463	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
464	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
465	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
466	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
467	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
468	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
469	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj)
470	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
471	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj)
472	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
473	! ... ice stress at I-point
474	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
475	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
476	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
477	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( u_ice(ji,jj+1) + u_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
478	& + u_ice(ji,jj ) + u_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
479	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( v_ice(ji,jj+1) + v_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
480	& + v_ice(ji,jj ) + v_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
481	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
482	END DO
483	END DO
484	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'I', -1. )
485	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'I', -1. )
486	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
487	!
488	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
489	DO jj = 2, jpj
490	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
491	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
492	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
493	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
494	END DO
495	END DO
496	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
497	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
498	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
499	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
500	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
501	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
502	END DO
503	END DO
504	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'U', -1. )
505	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
506	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
507	!
508	END SELECT
509
510	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
511	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
512	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: wndm_ice : ')
513	ENDIF
514
515	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_tau')
516
517	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
518
519
520	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx( ptsu, palb )
521	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
522	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx *
523	!!
524	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
525	!!
526	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
527	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
528	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
529	!!
530	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
531	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
532	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
533	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
534	!!
535	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
536	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
537	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
538	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_lsub ! temporary variable
539	!!
540	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
541	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
542	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
543	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
544	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (LIM3)
545	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
546	!
547	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_flx')
548	!
549	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
550
551	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
552	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
553	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
554	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
555
556	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
557	! ! ========================== !
558	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
559	! ! ========================== !
560	DO jj = 1 , jpj
561	DO ji = 1, jpi
562	! ----------------------------!
563	! I Radiative FLUXES !
564	! ----------------------------!
565	zst2 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
566	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
567	! Short Wave (sw)
568	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
569	! Long Wave (lw)
570	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
571	! lw sensitivity
572	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
573
574	! ----------------------------!
575	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
576	! ----------------------------!
577
578	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
579	! Sensible Heat
580	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
581	! Latent Heat
582	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) &
583	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
584	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
585	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
586	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * wndm_ice(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) )
587	ELSE
588	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
589	ENDIF
590
591	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
592	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
593
594	! ----------------------------!
595	! III Total FLUXES !
596	! ----------------------------!
597	! Downward Non Solar flux
598	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
599	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
600	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
601	END DO
602	!
603	END DO
604	!
605	END DO
606	!
607	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
608	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
609	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow precipitation
610	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
611
612	#if defined key_lim3
613	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
614
615	! --- evaporation --- !
616	z1_lsub = 1._wp / Lsub
617	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! sublimation
618	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
619	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
620
621	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
622	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
623	CALL lim_thd_snwblow( pfrld, zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
624	emp_oce(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
625	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
626	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
627
628	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
629	qemp_oce(:,:) = - pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
630	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
631	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
632	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
633	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
634	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
635
636	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
637	qns_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
638	qsr_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
639
640	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
641	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhosn * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
642
643	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
644	DO jl = 1, jpl
645	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) cpic * tmask(:,:,1) )
646	! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0°C => evap=0
647	END DO
648
649	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
650	#endif
651
652	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
653	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
654	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
655	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
656	!
657	fr1_i0(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice )
658	fr2_i0(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice )
659	!
660	!
661	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
662	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
663	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
664	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
665	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
666	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
667	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
668	ENDIF
669
670	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
671	!
672	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_flx')
673
674	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx
675	#endif
676
677	SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z( zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, &
678	& Cd, Ch, Ce , T_zu, q_zu )
679	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
680	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
681	!!
682	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
683	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004) and Large & Yeager (2008)
684	!! If relevant (zt /= zu), adjust temperature and humidity from height zt to zu
685	!!
686	!! ** Method : Monin Obukhov Similarity Theory
687	!! + Large & Yeager (2004,2008) closure: CD_n10 = f(U_n10)
688	!!
689	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
690	!!
691	!! ** Last update: Laurent Brodeau, June 2014:
692	!! - handles both cases zt=zu and zt/=zu
693	!! - optimized: less 2D arrays allocated and less operations
694	!! - better first guess of stability by checking air-sea difference of virtual temperature
695	!! rather than temperature difference only...
696	!! - added function "cd_neutral_10m" that uses the improved parametrization of
697	!! Large & Yeager 2008. Drag-coefficient reduction for Cyclone conditions!
698	!! - using code-wide physical constants defined into "phycst.mod" rather than redifining them
699	!! => 'vkarmn' and 'grav'
700	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
701	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
702	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
703	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
704	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
705	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
706	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
707	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module at zu [m/s]
708	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
709	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
710	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
711	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
712	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
713	!
714	INTEGER :: j_itt
715	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
716	LOGICAL :: l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE. ! if q and t are given at different height than U
717	!
718	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_zu ! relative wind at zu [m/s]
719	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
720	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
721	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
722	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
723	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
724	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
725	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u
726	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2
727	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
728	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
729
730	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('turb_core_2z')
731
732	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
733	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
734	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
735
736	l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE.
737	IF( ABS(zu - zt) < 0.01 ) l_zt_equal_zu = .TRUE. ! testing "zu == zt" is risky with double precision
738
739	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
740
741	U_zu = MAX( 0.5 , dU ) ! relative wind speed at zu (normally 10m), we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
742
743	!! First guess of stability:
744	ztmp0 = T_zt(1. + 0.608q_zt) - sst(1. + 0.608q_sat) ! air-sea difference of virtual pot. temp. at zt
745	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,ztmp0) ! stab = 1 if dTv > 0 => STABLE, 0 if unstable
746
747	!! Neutral coefficients at 10m:
748	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! wave drag case
749	cdn_wave(:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:) + rsmall * ( 1._wp - tmask(:,:,1) )
750	ztmp0 (:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:)
751	ELSE
752	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m( U_zu )
753	ENDIF
754	sqrt_Cd_n10 = SQRT( ztmp0 )
755	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
756	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab))
757
758	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
759	Cd = ztmp0 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt_Cd_n10
760
761	!! Initializing values at z_u with z_t values:
762	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
763
764	!! * Now starting iteration loop
765	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
766	!
767	ztmp1 = T_zu - sst ! Updating air/sea differences
768	ztmp2 = q_zu - q_sat
769
770	! Updating turbulent scales : (L&Y 2004 eq. (7))
771	ztmp1 = Ch/sqrt_Cdztmp1 ! theta
772	ztmp2 = Ce/sqrt_Cdztmp2 ! q
773
774	ztmp0 = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! virtual potential temperature at zu
775
776	! Estimate the inverse of Monin-Obukov length (1/L) at height zu:
777	ztmp0 = (vkarmngrav/ztmp0(ztmp1(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuztmp2)) / (CdU_zuU_zu)
778	! ( CdU_zuU_zu is U*^2 at zu)
779
780	!! Stability parameters :
781	zeta_u = zu*ztmp0 ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
782	zpsi_h_u = psi_h( zeta_u )
783	zpsi_m_u = psi_m( zeta_u )
784
785	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu (L&Y 2004 eq. (9b-9c))
786	IF ( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) THEN
787	zeta_t = zt*ztmp0 ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
788	stab = LOG(zu/zt) - zpsi_h_u + psi_h(zeta_t) ! stab just used as temp array!!!
789	T_zu = T_zt + ztmp1/vkarmnstab ! ztmp1 is still theta
790	q_zu = q_zt + ztmp2/vkarmnstab ! ztmp2 is still q
791	q_zu = max(0., q_zu)
792	END IF
793
794	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! surface wave case
795	sqrt_Cd = vkarmn / ( vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10 - zpsi_m_u )
796	Cd = sqrt_Cd * sqrt_Cd
797	ELSE
798	! Update neutral wind speed at 10m and neutral Cd at 10m (L&Y 2004 eq. 9a)...
799	! In very rare low-wind conditions, the old way of estimating the
800	! neutral wind speed at 10m leads to a negative value that causes the code
801	! to crash. To prevent this a threshold of 0.25m/s is imposed.
802	ztmp0 = MAX( 0.25 , U_zu/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u)) ) ! U_n10
803	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m(ztmp0) ! Cd_n10
804	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(ztmp0)
805
806	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6b)
807	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u) ! update stability
808	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab)) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6c-6d)
809
810	!! Update of transfer coefficients:
811	ztmp1 = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10a)
812	Cd = ztmp0 / ( ztmp1*ztmp1 )
813	sqrt_Cd = SQRT( Cd )
814	ENDIF
815	!
816	ztmp0 = (LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_h_u) / vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10
817	ztmp2 = sqrt_Cd / sqrt_Cd_n10
818	ztmp1 = 1. + Ch_n10*ztmp0
819	Ch = Ch_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10b)
820	!
821	ztmp1 = 1. + Ce_n10*ztmp0
822	Ce = Ce_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10c)
823	!
824	END DO
825
826	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
827	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
828	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
829
830	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
831
832	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('turb_core_2z')
833	!
834	END SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z
835
836
837	FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m( zw10 )
838	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
839	!! Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m as a function
840	!! of neutral wind speed at 10m
841	!!
842	!! Origin: Large & Yeager 2008 eq.(11a) and eq.(11b)
843	!!
844	!! Author: L. Brodeau, june 2014
845	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
846	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zw10 ! scalar wind speed at 10m (m/s)
847	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: cd_neutral_10m
848	!
849	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: rgt33
850	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
851	!
852	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33 )
853	!
854	!! When wind speed > 33 m/s => Cyclone conditions => special treatment
855	rgt33 = 0.5_wp + SIGN( 0.5_wp, (zw10 - 33._wp) ) ! If zw10 < 33. => 0, else => 1
856	cd_neutral_10m = 1.e-3 * ( &
857	& (1._wp - rgt33)( 2.7_wp/zw10 + 0.142_wp + zw10/13.09_wp - 3.14807E-10zw10**6) & ! zw10< 33.
858	& + rgt33 * 2.34 ) ! zw10 >= 33.
859	!
860	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33)
861	!
862	END FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m
863
864
865	FUNCTION psi_m(pta) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
866	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
867	! universal profile stability function for momentum
868	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
869	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
870	!
871	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
872	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
873	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
874	!
875	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
876	!
877	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
878	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
879	psi_m = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
880	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG((1. + X)0.5) + LOG((1. + X2)0.5) - 2.ATAN(X) + rpi0.5) ! Unstable
881	!
882	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
883	!
884	END FUNCTION psi_m
885
886
887	FUNCTION psi_h( pta ) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
888	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
889	! universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
890	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
891	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
892	!
893	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
894	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
895	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
896	!
897	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
898	!
899	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
900	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
901	psi_h = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
902	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG( (1. + X2)*0.5 )) ! Unstable
903	!
904	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
905	!
906	END FUNCTION psi_h
907
908	!!======================================================================
909	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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