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sbcblk_core.F90 in branches/UKMO/dev_r5518_GO6_package_FOAMv14/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC – NEMO

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source: branches/UKMO/dev_r5518_GO6_package_FOAMv14/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC/sbcblk_core.F90 @ 11442

Last change on this file since 11442 was 11442, checked in by mattmartin, 5 years ago
Introduction of stochastic physics in NEMO, based on Andrea Storto's code. For details, see ticket https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/utils/ticket/251.
File size: 51.5 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk_core
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!!=====================================================================
6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core_2z
14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
17	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
18	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
19
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
22	!! blk_oce_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
23	!! blk_ice_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ice
24	!! turb_core_2z : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients
25	!! cd_neutral_10m : Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m
26	!! psi_m : universal profile stability function for momentum
27	!! psi_h : universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
28	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
29	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
30	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
31	USE phycst ! physical constants
32	USE fldread ! read input fields
33	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
34	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
35	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
36	USE iom ! I/O manager library
37	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
38	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
39	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
40	USE timing ! Timing
41	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
42	USE prtctl ! Print control
43	USE sbcwave, ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
44	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
45	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
46	#if defined key_lim3
47	USE ice, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, pfrld, a_i_b
48	USE limthd_dh ! for CALL lim_thd_snwblow
49	#elif defined key_lim2
50	USE ice_2, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice
51	USE par_ice_2
52	#endif
53	USE stopack
54
55	IMPLICIT NONE
56	PRIVATE
57
58	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
59	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
60	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_tau ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
61	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_flx ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
62	#endif
63	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
64
65	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
66	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
67	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
68	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
69	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
70	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
71	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
75
76	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
77
78	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
79	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
80	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
81	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
82	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
83	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
84	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.4e-3 ! iovi 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
85	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
86
87	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
88	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
89	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
90	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation (clem)
91	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
92	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE :: rn_vfac0(:,:) ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
95	REAL(wp), PUBLIC :: rn_sfac ! multiplication factor for snow precipitation over sea-ice
96
97	!! * Substitutions
98	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
99	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
100	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
101	!! NEMO/OPA 3.7 , NEMO-consortium (2014)
102	!! $Id$
103	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
104	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
105	CONTAINS
106
107	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
108	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
109	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
110	!!
111	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
112	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
113	!!
114	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
115	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
116	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
117	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
118	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
119	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
120	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
121	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
122	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
123	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
124	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
125	!!
126	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
127	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
128	!!
129	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
130	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
131	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
132	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
133	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
134	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
135	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
136	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
137	!!
138	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
139	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
140	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
141	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
142	!
143	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
144	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
145	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
146	INTEGER :: ios ! Local integer output status for namelist read
147	!
148	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
149	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
150	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
151	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
152	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_tdif ! " "
153	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, &
154	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
155	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
156	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, rn_sfac
157	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
158	!
159	! ! ====================== !
160	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
161	! ! ====================== !
162	!
163	rn_sfac = 1._wp ! Default to one if missing from namelist
164	REWIND( numnam_ref ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in reference namelist : CORE bulk parameters
165	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
166	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in reference namelist', lwp )
167	!
168	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in configuration namelist : CORE bulk parameters
169	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
170	902 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in configuration namelist', lwp )
171
172	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_core )
173	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
174	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
175	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
176	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
177	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
178	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
179	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
180	ENDIF
181	! ! store namelist information in an array
182	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
183	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
184	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
185	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
186	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
187	!
188	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
189	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
190	!
191	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
192	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
193	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
194	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
195	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
196	END DO
197	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
198	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
199	!
200	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
201	!
202	ALLOCATE ( rn_vfac0(jpi,jpj) )
203	rn_vfac0(:,:) = rn_vfac
204	!
205	ENDIF
206
207	IF( ln_stopack .AND. nn_spp_relw > 0 ) THEN
208	rn_vfac0(:,:) = rn_vfac
209	CALL spp_gen(kt, rn_vfac0, nn_spp_relw, rn_relw_sd, jk_spp_relw )
210	ENDIF
211
212	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
213
214	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
215	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
216
217	#if defined key_cice
218	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
219	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
220	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
221	ELSE ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
222	ENDIF
223	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
224	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
225	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
226	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
227	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
228	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
229	ENDIF
230	#endif
231	!
232	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
233
234
235	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
236	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
237	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
238	!!
239	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
240	!! the ocean surface at each time step
241	!!
242	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
243	!! fields read in sbc_read
244	!!
245	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
246	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
247	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
248	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
249	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
250	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
251	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
252	!!
253	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
254	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
255	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
256	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
257	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
258	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
259	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
260	!
261	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
262	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
273	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
274	!
275	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
276	!
277	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
278	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
279	!
280	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
281	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
282
283	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
284
285	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
286	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
287	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
288
289	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
290	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
291	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
292	#if defined key_cyclone
293	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
294	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
295	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
296	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
297	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
298	END DO
299	END DO
300	#endif
301	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
302	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
303	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
304	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
305	END DO
306	END DO
307	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
308	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
309	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
310	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
311	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
312
313	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
314	! I Radiative FLUXES !
315	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
316
317	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
318	zztmp = 1. - albo
319	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
320	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
321	ENDIF
322
323	zqlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
324	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
325	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
326	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
327
328	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
329	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
330
331	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
332	CALL turb_core_2z( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, sf(jp_tair)%fnow, zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
333	& Cd, Ch, Ce, zt_zu, zq_zu )
334
335	! ... tau module, i and j component
336	DO jj = 1, jpj
337	DO ji = 1, jpi
338	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
339	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
340	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
341	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
342	END DO
343	END DO
344
345	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
346	IF( lhftau ) THEN
347	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
348	ENDIF
349	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
350
351	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
352	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
353	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
354	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
355	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
356	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
357	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
358	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
359	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
360	END DO
361	END DO
362	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
363	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
364
365
366	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
367	! -----------------------------
368	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
369	!! q_air and t_air are (or "are almost") given at 10m (wind reference height)
370	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
371	zqsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
372	ELSE
373	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
374	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
375	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
376	zqsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
377	ENDIF
378	zqla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
379
380	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
381	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
382	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
383	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
384	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
385	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
386	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
387	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
388	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
389	ENDIF
390
391	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
392	! III Total FLUXES !
393	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
394	!
395	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
396	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
397	!
398	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
399	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
400	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
401	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
402	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
403	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
404	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
405	!
406	#if defined key_lim3
407	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by LIM3)
408	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
409	#endif
410	!
411	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
412	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
413	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
414	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
415	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
416	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
417	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
418	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
419	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
420	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
421	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow
422	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
423	ENDIF
424	!
425	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
426	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
427	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
428	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
429	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
430	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
431	ENDIF
432	!
433	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
434	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
435	!
436	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
437	!
438	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
439
440
441	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
442	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
443	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
444	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau *
445	!!
446	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
447	!!
448	!! ** Method : compute momentum using CORE bulk
449	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
450	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
451	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
452	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
453	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2
454	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
455	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
456	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
457	!
458	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_tau')
459	!
460	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
461	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
462	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
463
464	!!gm brutal....
465	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
466	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
467	wndm_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
468	!!gm end
469
470	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
471	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
472	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
473	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
474	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
475	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
476	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
477	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
478	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
479	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
480	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) &
481	& - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * u_ice(ji,jj)
482	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
483	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) &
484	& - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * v_ice(ji,jj)
485	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
486	! ... ice stress at I-point
487	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
488	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
489	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
490	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) &
491	& - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * 0.25 * ( u_ice(ji,jj+1) + u_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
492	& + u_ice(ji,jj ) + u_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
493	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) &
494	& - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * 0.25 * ( v_ice(ji,jj+1) + v_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
495	& + v_ice(ji,jj ) + v_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
496	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
497	END DO
498	END DO
499	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'I', -1. )
500	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'I', -1. )
501	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
502	!
503	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
504	DO jj = 2, jpj
505	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
506	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
507	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
508	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
509	END DO
510	END DO
511	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
512	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
513	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
514	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) &
515	& - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * u_ice(ji,jj) )
516	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
517	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) &
518	& - rn_vfac0(ji,jj) * v_ice(ji,jj) )
519	END DO
520	END DO
521	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'U', -1. )
522	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
523	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
524	!
525	END SELECT
526
527	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
528	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
529	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: wndm_ice : ')
530	ENDIF
531
532	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_tau')
533
534	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
535
536
537	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx( ptsu, palb )
538	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
539	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx *
540	!!
541	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
542	!!
543	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
544	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
545	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
546	!!
547	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
548	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
549	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
550	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
551	!!
552	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
553	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
554	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
555	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_lsub ! temporary variable
556	!!
557	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
558	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
559	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
560	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
561	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (LIM3)
562	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
563	!
564	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_flx')
565	!
566	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
567
568	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
569	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
570	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
571	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
572
573	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
574	! ! ========================== !
575	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
576	! ! ========================== !
577	DO jj = 1 , jpj
578	DO ji = 1, jpi
579	! ----------------------------!
580	! I Radiative FLUXES !
581	! ----------------------------!
582	zst2 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
583	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
584	! Short Wave (sw)
585	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
586	! Long Wave (lw)
587	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
588	! lw sensitivity
589	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
590
591	! ----------------------------!
592	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
593	! ----------------------------!
594
595	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
596	! Sensible Heat
597	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
598	! Latent Heat
599	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) &
600	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
601	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
602	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
603	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * wndm_ice(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) )
604	ELSE
605	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
606	ENDIF
607
608	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
609	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
610
611	! ----------------------------!
612	! III Total FLUXES !
613	! ----------------------------!
614	! Downward Non Solar flux
615	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
616	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
617	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
618	END DO
619	!
620	END DO
621	!
622	END DO
623	!
624	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
625	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
626	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow precipitation
627	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
628
629	#if defined key_lim3
630	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
631
632	! --- evaporation --- !
633	z1_lsub = 1._wp / Lsub
634	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! sublimation
635	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
636	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
637
638	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
639	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
640	CALL lim_thd_snwblow( pfrld, zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
641	emp_oce(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
642	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
643	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
644
645	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
646	qemp_oce(:,:) = - pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
647	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
648	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
649	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
650	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
651	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
652
653	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
654	qns_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
655	qsr_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
656
657	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
658	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhosn * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
659
660	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
661	DO jl = 1, jpl
662	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) cpic * tmask(:,:,1) )
663	! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0 degC => evap=0
664	END DO
665
666	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
667	#endif
668
669	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
670	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
671	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
672	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
673	!
674	fr1_i0(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice )
675	fr2_i0(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice )
676	!
677	!
678	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
679	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
680	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
681	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
682	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
683	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
684	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
685	ENDIF
686
687	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
688	!
689	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_flx')
690
691	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx
692	#endif
693
694	SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z( zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, &
695	& Cd, Ch, Ce , T_zu, q_zu )
696	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
697	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
698	!!
699	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
700	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004) and Large & Yeager (2008)
701	!! If relevant (zt /= zu), adjust temperature and humidity from height zt to zu
702	!!
703	!! ** Method : Monin Obukhov Similarity Theory
704	!! + Large & Yeager (2004,2008) closure: CD_n10 = f(U_n10)
705	!!
706	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
707	!!
708	!! ** Last update: Laurent Brodeau, June 2014:
709	!! - handles both cases zt=zu and zt/=zu
710	!! - optimized: less 2D arrays allocated and less operations
711	!! - better first guess of stability by checking air-sea difference of virtual temperature
712	!! rather than temperature difference only...
713	!! - added function "cd_neutral_10m" that uses the improved parametrization of
714	!! Large & Yeager 2008. Drag-coefficient reduction for Cyclone conditions!
715	!! - using code-wide physical constants defined into "phycst.mod" rather than redifining them
716	!! => 'vkarmn' and 'grav'
717	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
718	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
719	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
720	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
721	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
722	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
723	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
724	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module at zu [m/s]
725	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
726	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
727	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
728	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
729	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
730	!
731	INTEGER :: j_itt
732	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
733	LOGICAL :: l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE. ! if q and t are given at different height than U
734	!
735	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_zu ! relative wind at zu [m/s]
736	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
737	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
738	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
739	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
740	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
741	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
742	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u
743	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2
744	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
745	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
746
747	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('turb_core_2z')
748
749	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
750	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
751	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
752
753	l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE.
754	IF( ABS(zu - zt) < 0.01 ) l_zt_equal_zu = .TRUE. ! testing "zu == zt" is risky with double precision
755
756	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
757
758	U_zu = MAX( 0.5 , dU ) ! relative wind speed at zu (normally 10m), we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
759
760	!! First guess of stability:
761	ztmp0 = T_zt(1. + 0.608q_zt) - sst(1. + 0.608q_sat) ! air-sea difference of virtual pot. temp. at zt
762	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,ztmp0) ! stab = 1 if dTv > 0 => STABLE, 0 if unstable
763
764	!! Neutral coefficients at 10m:
765	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! wave drag case
766	cdn_wave(:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:) + rsmall * ( 1._wp - tmask(:,:,1) )
767	ztmp0 (:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:)
768	ELSE
769	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m( U_zu )
770	ENDIF
771	sqrt_Cd_n10 = SQRT( ztmp0 )
772	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
773	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab))
774
775	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
776	Cd = ztmp0 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt_Cd_n10
777
778	!! Initializing values at z_u with z_t values:
779	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
780
781	!! * Now starting iteration loop
782	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
783	!
784	ztmp1 = T_zu - sst ! Updating air/sea differences
785	ztmp2 = q_zu - q_sat
786
787	! Updating turbulent scales : (L&Y 2004 eq. (7))
788	ztmp1 = Ch/sqrt_Cdztmp1 ! theta
789	ztmp2 = Ce/sqrt_Cdztmp2 ! q
790
791	ztmp0 = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! virtual potential temperature at zu
792
793	! Estimate the inverse of Monin-Obukov length (1/L) at height zu:
794	ztmp0 = (vkarmngrav/ztmp0(ztmp1(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuztmp2)) / (CdU_zuU_zu)
795	! ( CdU_zuU_zu is U*^2 at zu)
796
797	!! Stability parameters :
798	zeta_u = zu*ztmp0 ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
799	zpsi_h_u = psi_h( zeta_u )
800	zpsi_m_u = psi_m( zeta_u )
801
802	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu (L&Y 2004 eq. (9b-9c))
803	IF ( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) THEN
804	zeta_t = zt*ztmp0 ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
805	stab = LOG(zu/zt) - zpsi_h_u + psi_h(zeta_t) ! stab just used as temp array!!!
806	T_zu = T_zt + ztmp1/vkarmnstab ! ztmp1 is still theta
807	q_zu = q_zt + ztmp2/vkarmnstab ! ztmp2 is still q
808	q_zu = max(0., q_zu)
809	END IF
810
811	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! surface wave case
812	sqrt_Cd = vkarmn / ( vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10 - zpsi_m_u )
813	Cd = sqrt_Cd * sqrt_Cd
814	ELSE
815	! Update neutral wind speed at 10m and neutral Cd at 10m (L&Y 2004 eq. 9a)...
816	! In very rare low-wind conditions, the old way of estimating the
817	! neutral wind speed at 10m leads to a negative value that causes the code
818	! to crash. To prevent this a threshold of 0.25m/s is imposed.
819	ztmp0 = MAX( 0.25 , U_zu/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u)) ) ! U_n10
820	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m(ztmp0) ! Cd_n10
821	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(ztmp0)
822
823	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6b)
824	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u) ! update stability
825	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab)) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6c-6d)
826
827	!! Update of transfer coefficients:
828	ztmp1 = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10a)
829	Cd = ztmp0 / ( ztmp1*ztmp1 )
830	sqrt_Cd = SQRT( Cd )
831	ENDIF
832	!
833	ztmp0 = (LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_h_u) / vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10
834	ztmp2 = sqrt_Cd / sqrt_Cd_n10
835	ztmp1 = 1. + Ch_n10*ztmp0
836	Ch = Ch_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10b)
837	!
838	ztmp1 = 1. + Ce_n10*ztmp0
839	Ce = Ce_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10c)
840	!
841	END DO
842
843	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
844	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
845	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
846
847	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
848
849	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('turb_core_2z')
850	!
851	END SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z
852
853
854	FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m( zw10 )
855	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
856	!! Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m as a function
857	!! of neutral wind speed at 10m
858	!!
859	!! Origin: Large & Yeager 2008 eq.(11a) and eq.(11b)
860	!!
861	!! Author: L. Brodeau, june 2014
862	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
863	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zw10 ! scalar wind speed at 10m (m/s)
864	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: cd_neutral_10m
865	!
866	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: rgt33
867	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
868	!
869	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33 )
870	!
871	!! When wind speed > 33 m/s => Cyclone conditions => special treatment
872	rgt33 = 0.5_wp + SIGN( 0.5_wp, (zw10 - 33._wp) ) ! If zw10 < 33. => 0, else => 1
873	cd_neutral_10m = 1.e-3 * ( &
874	& (1._wp - rgt33)( 2.7_wp/zw10 + 0.142_wp + zw10/13.09_wp - 3.14807E-10zw10**6) & ! zw10< 33.
875	& + rgt33 * 2.34 ) ! zw10 >= 33.
876	!
877	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33)
878	!
879	END FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m
880
881
882	FUNCTION psi_m(pta) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
883	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
884	! universal profile stability function for momentum
885	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
886	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
887	!
888	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
889	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
890	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
891	!
892	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
893	!
894	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
895	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
896	psi_m = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
897	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG((1. + X)0.5) + LOG((1. + X2)0.5) - 2.ATAN(X) + rpi0.5) ! Unstable
898	!
899	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
900	!
901	END FUNCTION psi_m
902
903
904	FUNCTION psi_h( pta ) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
905	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
906	! universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
907	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
908	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
909	!
910	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
911	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
912	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
913	!
914	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
915	!
916	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
917	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
918	psi_h = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
919	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG( (1. + X2)*0.5 )) ! Unstable
920	!
921	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
922	!
923	END FUNCTION psi_h
924
925	!!======================================================================
926	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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