1 | % ================================================================ |
---|
2 | % Chapter Ñ Surface Boundary Condition (SBC) |
---|
3 | % ================================================================ |
---|
4 | \chapter{Surface Boundary Condition (SBC) } |
---|
5 | \label{SBC} |
---|
6 | \minitoc |
---|
7 | |
---|
8 | \begin{verbatim} |
---|
9 | At the time of this writing, the new surface module |
---|
10 | that is described in this chapter (SBC) is not yet part |
---|
11 | of the current distribution. The current way to specify |
---|
12 | the surface boundary condition is such a mess that we |
---|
13 | did not attempt to describe it. Nevertheless, apart from |
---|
14 | the way the surface forcing is implemented, the infor- |
---|
15 | mation given here are relevant for a NEMO v2.3 user. |
---|
16 | \end{verbatim} |
---|
17 | |
---|
18 | The ocean needs 7 fields as surface boundary condition: |
---|
19 | |
---|
20 | The two components of the surface ocean stress $\left( {\tau _u \;,\;\tau _v} \right)$ |
---|
21 | |
---|
22 | The incoming solar and non solar heat fluxes $\left( {Q_{ns} \;,\;Q_{sr} } \right)$ |
---|
23 | |
---|
24 | The surface freshwater budget $\left( {\text{EMP}\;,\;\text{EMP}_S } \right)$ |
---|
25 | |
---|
26 | \colorbox {yellow}{ The river runoffs (RUNOFF)} |
---|
27 | |
---|
28 | Four different ways are offered to provide those 7 fields to the ocean: an |
---|
29 | analytical formulation, a flux formulation, a bulk formulae formulation |
---|
30 | (CORE or CLIO bulk formulae) and a coupled formulation (exchanges with a |
---|
31 | atmospheric model via OASIS coupler). In addition, the resulting fields can |
---|
32 | be further modified on used demand via several namelist option. These option |
---|
33 | control the addition of a surface restoring term to observed SST and/or SSS, |
---|
34 | the modification of fluxes below ice-covered area (using observed ice-cover |
---|
35 | or a sea-ice model), the addition of river runoffs as surface freshwater |
---|
36 | fluxes, and the addition of a freshwater flux adjustment on order to avoid a |
---|
37 | mean sea-level drift. |
---|
38 | |
---|
39 | In this chapter we first discuss where the surface boundary condition |
---|
40 | appears in the model equations. Then we present the four ways of providing |
---|
41 | the surface boundary condition. Finally, the different options that modify |
---|
42 | the fluxes inside the ocean are discussed. |
---|
43 | |
---|
44 | |
---|
45 | |
---|
46 | |
---|
47 | |
---|
48 | |
---|
49 | |
---|
50 | |
---|
51 | |
---|
52 | |
---|
53 | |
---|
54 | % ================================================================ |
---|
55 | % Surface boundary condition for the ocean |
---|
56 | % ================================================================ |
---|
57 | \section{Surface boundary condition for the ocean} |
---|
58 | \label{SBC_general} |
---|
59 | |
---|
60 | |
---|
61 | The surface ocean stress is the stress exerted by the wind and the sea-ice |
---|
62 | on the ocean. Their two components are assumed to be interpolated on the |
---|
63 | ocean mesh, i.e. provided at U- and V-points and projected onto the |
---|
64 | (\textbf{i},\textbf{j}) referential. They are applied as a surface boundary |
---|
65 | condition of the computation of the momentum vertical mixing trend |
---|
66 | (\textbf{dynzdf} module) : |
---|
67 | \begin{equation} \label{Eq_sbc_dynzdf} |
---|
68 | \left.{\left( {\frac{A^{vm} }{e_3 }\ \frac{\partial \textbf{U}_h}{\partial k}} \right)} \right|_{z=1} |
---|
69 | = \frac{1}{\rho _o} \binom{\tau _u}{\tau _v } |
---|
70 | \end{equation} |
---|
71 | where $(\tau _u ,\;\tau _v )=(utau,vtau)$ are the two components of the wind |
---|
72 | stress vector in the $(\textbf{i},\textbf{j})$ coordinate system. |
---|
73 | |
---|
74 | The surface heat flux is decomposed in two parts, a non solar and solar heat |
---|
75 | fluxes. The former is the non penetrative part of the heat flux (i.e. |
---|
76 | sensible plus latent plus long wave heat fluxes). It is applied as a surface |
---|
77 | boundary condition trend of the first level temperature time evolution |
---|
78 | equation (\mdl{trasbc} module). |
---|
79 | \begin{equation} \label{Eq_sbc_trasbc_q} |
---|
80 | \frac{\partial T}{\partial t}\equiv \cdots \;+\;\left. {\frac{Q_{ns} }{\rho |
---|
81 | _o \;C_p \;e_{3T} }} \right|_{k=1} \quad |
---|
82 | \end{equation} |
---|
83 | |
---|
84 | The latter is the penetrative part of the heat flux. It is applied as a 3D |
---|
85 | trends of the temperature equation (\mdl{traqsr} module) when \np{ln\_traqsr}=T. |
---|
86 | |
---|
87 | \begin{equation} \label{Eq_sbc_traqsr} |
---|
88 | \frac{\partial T}{\partial t}\equiv \cdots \;+\frac{Q_{sr} }{\rho _o C_p |
---|
89 | \,e_{3T} }\delta _k \left[ {I_w } \right] |
---|
90 | \end{equation} |
---|
91 | |
---|
92 | where $I_w$ is an adimensional function that describes the way the light |
---|
93 | penetrates inside the water column. It is generally a sum of decreasing |
---|
94 | exponential (see \S\ref{TRA_qsr}). |
---|
95 | |
---|
96 | The surface freshwater budget is provided through two non-necessary |
---|
97 | identical fields EMP and EMP$_S $. Indeed, a surface freshwater |
---|
98 | flux has two effects: it changes the volume of the ocean and it changes the |
---|
99 | surface concentration of salt (an others tracers). Therefore it appears in |
---|
100 | the sea surface height and salinity time evolution equations as a volume |
---|
101 | flux, EMP (\textit{dynspg\_xxx} modules), and concentration/dilution effect, |
---|
102 | EMP$_{S}$ (\mdl{trasbc} module), respectively. |
---|
103 | \begin{equation} \label{Eq_trasbc_emp} |
---|
104 | \begin{aligned} |
---|
105 | &\frac{\partial \eta }{\partial t}\equiv \cdots \;+\;\text{EMP}\quad \\ |
---|
106 | \\ |
---|
107 | &\frac{\partial S}{\partial t}\equiv \cdots \;+\left. {\frac{\text{EMP}_S \;S}{e_{3T} }} \right|_{k=1} \\ |
---|
108 | \end{aligned} |
---|
109 | \end{equation} |
---|
110 | |
---|
111 | In the real ocean, EMP=EMP$_S$ and the ocean salt content is conserved, |
---|
112 | but it exist several numerical reason why this equality should be broken. |
---|
113 | For example: |
---|
114 | |
---|
115 | When rigid-lid assumption is made, the ocean volume becomes constant and |
---|
116 | thus, EMP=0, not EMP$_{S }$. |
---|
117 | |
---|
118 | When a sea-ice model is considered, the water exchanged between ice and |
---|
119 | ocean is not fresh as mean ice salinity is $\sim $\textit{4 psu}. In this case, |
---|
120 | EMP$_{S}$ take into account both concentration/dilution effect associated with |
---|
121 | freezing/melting together with salt flux between ice and ocean, while EMP is |
---|
122 | only the volume flux. In addition, in the current version of \NEMO, the |
---|
123 | sea-ice is assumed to be above the ocean. Freezing/melting does not change |
---|
124 | the ocean volume (not impact on EMP) while it modifies the SSS |
---|
125 | \colorbox{yellow}{(see {\S} on LIM sea-ice model)}. |
---|
126 | |
---|
127 | Note that SST can also be modified by a freshwater flux. Precipitations (in |
---|
128 | particular solid one) may have a temperature significantly different from |
---|
129 | the SST. Due to the lack of information about the temperature of |
---|
130 | precipitations, we assume it is equal to the SST. Therefore, no |
---|
131 | concentration/dilution term appears in the temperature equation. It has to |
---|
132 | be emphasised that this absence does not mean that there is not heat flux |
---|
133 | associated with precipitation! An excess of precipitation will change the |
---|
134 | ocean heat content and is therefore associated with a heat flux (not |
---|
135 | diagnosed in the model) \citep{Roullet2000}). |
---|
136 | |
---|
137 | \colorbox{yellow}{Miss: } |
---|
138 | |
---|
139 | A extensive description of all namsbc namelist (parameter that have to be |
---|
140 | created!) |
---|
141 | |
---|
142 | Especially the \np{nf\_sbc}, the \mdl{sbc\_oce} module (fluxes + mean sst sss ssu |
---|
143 | ssv) i.e. information required by flux computation or sea-ice |
---|
144 | |
---|
145 | \colorbox{red}{Add nqsr = 0 / 1 replace key{\_}traqsr} |
---|
146 | |
---|
147 | \mdl{sbc\_oce} containt the definition in memory of the 7 fields (6+runoff), add |
---|
148 | a word on runoff: included in surface bc or add as lateral obc{\ldots}. |
---|
149 | |
---|
150 | Sbcmod manage the ``providing'' (fourniture) to the ocean the 7 fields |
---|
151 | |
---|
152 | Fluxes update only each nf{\_}sbc time step (namsbc) explain relation |
---|
153 | between nf{\_}sbc and nf{\_}ice, do we define nf{\_}blk??? ? only one |
---|
154 | nf{\_}sbc |
---|
155 | |
---|
156 | Explain here all the namlist namsbc variable{\ldots}. |
---|
157 | |
---|
158 | \colorbox{yellow}{End Miss } |
---|
159 | |
---|
160 | The ocean model provides the following variables averaged over nf{\_}sbc |
---|
161 | time-step: |
---|
162 | |
---|
163 | %-------------------------------------------------TABLE--------------------------------------------------- |
---|
164 | \begin{table}[htbp] \label{Tab_ssm} |
---|
165 | \begin{center} |
---|
166 | \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} |
---|
167 | \hline |
---|
168 | Variable desciption & Computer name & Units & point \\ \hline |
---|
169 | i-component of the surface current & ssu\_u & $m.s^{-1}$ & U \\ \hline |
---|
170 | j-component of the surface current & ssv\_m & $m.s^{-1}$ & V \\ \hline |
---|
171 | Sea surface temperature & sst\_m & \r{}$K$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
172 | Sea surface salinty & sss\_m & $psu$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
173 | \end{tabular} |
---|
174 | \end{center} |
---|
175 | \end{table} |
---|
176 | %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
177 | |
---|
178 | The mean computation is done in sbcmod ( |
---|
179 | |
---|
180 | \colorbox{yellow}{Penser a} mettre dans le restant l'info nf{\_}sbc ET nf{\_}sbc*rdt de sorte de |
---|
181 | reinitialiser la moyenne si on change la frequence ou le pdt |
---|
182 | |
---|
183 | NB: creer cn{\_}sbc{\_}ice (cn{\_} = character in the namelist) with 3 |
---|
184 | cases: |
---|
185 | |
---|
186 | = `noice' no specific call |
---|
187 | |
---|
188 | = `iceif ` ``ice-if'' sea ice, i.e. read observed ice-cover and modified sbc |
---|
189 | bellow those area. |
---|
190 | |
---|
191 | = `lim' LIM sea-ice model is called which update the sbc fields in ice |
---|
192 | covered area |
---|
193 | |
---|
194 | ? modify the nsbc{\_}ice variable depending of this parameter (from --1, 0 |
---|
195 | to 1) |
---|
196 | \colorbox{yellow}{End Penser a} |
---|
197 | |
---|
198 | % ================================================================ |
---|
199 | % Analytical formulation (sbcana module) |
---|
200 | % ================================================================ |
---|
201 | \section{Analytical formulation (\textit{sbcana} module) } |
---|
202 | \label{SBC_ana} |
---|
203 | |
---|
204 | %---------------------------------------namtau - namflx-------------------------------------------------- |
---|
205 | \namdisplay{namtau} |
---|
206 | \namdisplay{namflx} |
---|
207 | %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
208 | |
---|
209 | |
---|
210 | The analytical formulation of the surface boundary condition is set by |
---|
211 | default. In this case, all the 6 fluxes needed by the ocean are assumed to |
---|
212 | be uniform in space. They take constant values given in the namlist |
---|
213 | namsbc{\_}ana : \textit{utau0}, \textit{vtau0}, \textit{qns0}, \textit{qsr0}, \textit{emp0} and \textit{emps0}. while the runoff is set to zero. In addition, |
---|
214 | the wind is allowed to reach its nominal value within a given number of time |
---|
215 | step (\textit{ntau000}). |
---|
216 | |
---|
217 | If a user wants to applied a different analytical forcing, \mdl{sbcana} |
---|
218 | module is the very place to do that. As an example, one can have a look to |
---|
219 | the \mdl{sbc\_ana\_gyre} routine which provides the analytical forcing of the |
---|
220 | GYRE configuration (see GYRE configuration manual, in preparation). |
---|
221 | |
---|
222 | |
---|
223 | % ================================================================ |
---|
224 | % Flux formulation |
---|
225 | % ================================================================ |
---|
226 | \section{Flux formulation (\mdl{sbcflx} module, \key{sbcflx}) } |
---|
227 | \label{SBC_flx} |
---|
228 | |
---|
229 | In the flux formulation (\key{sbcflx} defined), the surface boundary |
---|
230 | condition fields are directly read from input files. The user has to define |
---|
231 | in the namelist namsbc{\_}flx the name of the file, the name of the variable |
---|
232 | read in the file, the time frequency at which it is given, and a logical |
---|
233 | setting whether a time interpolation to the model time step is asked are not |
---|
234 | for this field). (fld\_i namelist structure). |
---|
235 | |
---|
236 | \colorbox{yellow}{ Describe the information given? } |
---|
237 | |
---|
238 | \colorbox{yellow}{ Add an info about on-line interpolation or not ? at with which scale{\ldots} } |
---|
239 | |
---|
240 | |
---|
241 | \textbf{Caution}: when the frequency is set to --12, the data are monthly |
---|
242 | values. There are assumed to be climatological values, so time interpolation |
---|
243 | between December the 15$^{th}$ and January the 15$^{th}$ is done using |
---|
244 | record 12 and 1 |
---|
245 | |
---|
246 | When higher frequency is set and time interpolation is demanded, the model |
---|
247 | will try to read the last (first) record of previous (next) year in a file |
---|
248 | having the same name but a suffix {\_}prev{\_}year (next{\_}year) being |
---|
249 | added. These file must only content a single record. If they don't exist, |
---|
250 | the will assume that the previous year last record is equal to the first |
---|
251 | record of the previous year, and similarly, that the first record of the |
---|
252 | next year is equal to the last record of the current year. This will cause |
---|
253 | the forcing to remain constant over the first and last half fld\_frequ |
---|
254 | hours. |
---|
255 | |
---|
256 | Note that in general, a flux formulation is used in associated with a |
---|
257 | damping term to observed SST and/or SSS. See \S\ref{SBC_ssr} for its |
---|
258 | specification. |
---|
259 | |
---|
260 | |
---|
261 | % ================================================================ |
---|
262 | % Bulk formulation |
---|
263 | % ================================================================ |
---|
264 | \section{Bulk formulation (\mdl{sbcblk\_core} or\mdl{sbcblk\_clio} module) } |
---|
265 | \label{SBC_blk} |
---|
266 | |
---|
267 | In the bulk formulation, the surface boundary condition fields are computed |
---|
268 | using bulk formulae and atmospheric fields and ocean (and ice) variables. |
---|
269 | |
---|
270 | The atmospheric fields used depends on the bulk formulae used. Two of them |
---|
271 | are available : the CORE and CLIO bulk formulea. The choice is made by |
---|
272 | activating the CPP key \key{sbcblk\_core} or |
---|
273 | \key{sbcblk\_clio}, respectively. |
---|
274 | |
---|
275 | \colorbox{yellow}{Note : if a sea-ice model is used then blah blah blah{\ldots}} |
---|
276 | |
---|
277 | CORE bulk formulea |
---|
278 | |
---|
279 | The CORE bulk formulae have been developed by \citet{LargeYeager2004}. They |
---|
280 | have been design to handle the CORE forcing, a mixture of NCEP reanalysis |
---|
281 | and satellite data. They use an inertial dissipative method to compute the |
---|
282 | turbulent transfer coefficients (momentum, sensible heat and evaporation) |
---|
283 | from the 10 meter wind speed, air temperature and specific humidity). |
---|
284 | |
---|
285 | The required 8 input fields are: |
---|
286 | |
---|
287 | %--------------------------------------------------TABLE-------------------------------------------------- |
---|
288 | \begin{table}[htbp] \label{Tab_CORE} |
---|
289 | \begin{center} |
---|
290 | \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} |
---|
291 | \hline |
---|
292 | Variable desciption & Computer name & Units & point \\ \hline |
---|
293 | i-component of the 10m air velocity & utau & $m.s^{-1}$ & T or U \\ \hline |
---|
294 | j-component of the 10m air velocity & vtau & $m.s^{-1}$ & T or V \\ \hline |
---|
295 | 10m air temperature & tair & \r{}$K$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
296 | Specific humidity & humi & \% & T \\ \hline |
---|
297 | Incoming long wave radiation & qlw & $W.m^{-2}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
298 | Incoming short wave radiation & qsr & $W.m^{-2}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
299 | Total precipitation (liquid + solid) & precip & $Kg.m^{-2}.s^{-1}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
300 | Solid precipitation & snow & $Kg.m^{-2}.s^{-1}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
301 | \end{tabular} |
---|
302 | \end{center} |
---|
303 | \end{table} |
---|
304 | %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
305 | |
---|
306 | Note that the air velocity can be provided at either tracer ocean point or |
---|
307 | velocity ocean point. |
---|
308 | |
---|
309 | \colorbox{yellow}{Explain low resolution, better to provide it at U-V, high resolution better} |
---|
310 | |
---|
311 | \colorbox{yellow}{at T-point{\ldots} Explain why, scheme?} |
---|
312 | |
---|
313 | \colorbox{yellow}{Add a namelist parameter to provide a switch from U/V or T (or I??) point} |
---|
314 | |
---|
315 | \colorbox{yellow}{ for utau/vtau} |
---|
316 | |
---|
317 | CLIO bulk formulea |
---|
318 | |
---|
319 | The CLIO bulk formulae have been developed several years ago for the |
---|
320 | Louvain-la-neuve coupled ice-ocean model (CLIO, Goosse et al. 1997). It is a |
---|
321 | simpler bulk formulae that assumed the stress to be known and computes the |
---|
322 | radiative fluxes from a climatological cloud cover. |
---|
323 | |
---|
324 | The required 7 input fields are: |
---|
325 | |
---|
326 | %--------------------------------------------------TABLE-------------------------------------------------- |
---|
327 | \begin{table}[htbp] \label{Tab_CLIO} |
---|
328 | \begin{center} |
---|
329 | \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} |
---|
330 | \hline |
---|
331 | Variable desciption & Computer name & Units & point \\ \hline |
---|
332 | i-component of the ocean stress & utau & $N.m^{-2}$ & U \\ \hline |
---|
333 | j-component of the ocean stress & vtau & $N.m^{-2}$ & V \\ \hline |
---|
334 | Wind speed module & vatm & $m.s^{-1}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
335 | 10m air temperature & tair & \r{}$K$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
336 | Secific humidity & humi & \% & T \\ \hline |
---|
337 | Cloud cover & & \% & T \\ \hline |
---|
338 | Total precipitation (liquid + solid) & precip & $Kg.m^{-2}.s^{-1}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
339 | Solid precipitation & snow & $Kg.m^{-2}.s^{-1}$ & T \\ \hline |
---|
340 | \end{tabular} |
---|
341 | \end{center} |
---|
342 | \end{table} |
---|
343 | %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
344 | |
---|
345 | As for the flux formulation, the input data information required by the |
---|
346 | model is provided in the namsbc\_blk\_core or namsbc\_blk\_clio |
---|
347 | namelist (via the structure fld\_i). The same assumption is made about the |
---|
348 | value of the first and last record in each file. |
---|
349 | |
---|
350 | |
---|
351 | % ================================================================ |
---|
352 | % Coupled formulation |
---|
353 | % ================================================================ |
---|
354 | \section{Coupled formulation (\mdl{sbccpl} module)} |
---|
355 | \label{SBC_cpl} |
---|
356 | |
---|
357 | In the coupled formulation of the surface boundary condition, the fluxes are |
---|
358 | provided by the OASIS coupler at each \np{nf\_cpl} time-step, while sea and ice |
---|
359 | surface temperature, ocean and ice albedo, and ocean currents are sent to |
---|
360 | the atmospheric component. |
---|
361 | |
---|
362 | |
---|
363 | % ================================================================ |
---|
364 | % Miscellanea options |
---|
365 | % ================================================================ |
---|
366 | \section{Miscellanea options} |
---|
367 | \label{SBC_misc} |
---|
368 | |
---|
369 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
370 | % Surface restoring to observed SST and/or SSS |
---|
371 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
372 | \subsection{Surface restoring to observed SST and/or SSS (\mdl{sbcssr})} |
---|
373 | \label{SBC_ssr} |
---|
374 | |
---|
375 | In forced mode using flux formulation (default option or \key{flx} defined), a |
---|
376 | feedback term \emph{must} be added to the specified surface heat flux $Q_{ns}^o$: |
---|
377 | \begin{equation} \label{Eq_sbc_dmp_q} |
---|
378 | Q_{ns} = Q_{ns}^o + \frac{dQ}{dT} \left( \left. T \right|_{k=1} - SST_{Obs} \right) |
---|
379 | \end{equation} |
---|
380 | where SST is a sea surface temperature field (observed or climatological), $T$ is |
---|
381 | the model surface layer temperature and $\frac{dQ}{dT}$ is a negative feedback |
---|
382 | coefficient usually taken equal to $-40~W.m^{-2}.$\r{}K$^{-1}$. For a $50~m$ mixed-layer depth, |
---|
383 | this value corresponds to a relaxation time scale of two months. This term |
---|
384 | ensures that if $T$ perfectly fits SST then $Q$ is equal to $Q_o$. |
---|
385 | |
---|
386 | In the fresh water budget, a feedback term can also be added: |
---|
387 | |
---|
388 | \begin{equation} \label{Eq_sbc_dmp_emp} |
---|
389 | EMP = EMP_o +\gamma_s^{-1} \left(S-SSS_{Obs}\right)\left|S\right. |
---|
390 | \end{equation} |
---|
391 | |
---|
392 | where EMP$_{o }$ is a net surface fresh water flux (observed, climatological or |
---|
393 | atmospheric model product), \textit{SSS}$_{Obs}$is a sea surface salinity (usually a time |
---|
394 | interpolation of the monthly mean PHC climatology \citep{Steele2001}, $S$ is the model |
---|
395 | surface layer salinity and $\gamma_s$ is a negative feedback coefficient |
---|
396 | which is provided as a namelist parameter. Unlike heat flux, there is no |
---|
397 | physical justification for the feedback term in (III.4.4) as the atmosphere |
---|
398 | does not care about ocean surface salinity \citep{Madec1997}. The |
---|
399 | SSS restoring term can only be view as a flux correction on freshwater |
---|
400 | fluxes to reduce the uncertainties we have on the observed freshwater |
---|
401 | budget. |
---|
402 | |
---|
403 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
404 | % Handling of ice-covered area |
---|
405 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
406 | \subsection{Handling of ice-covered area} |
---|
407 | \label{SBC_ice-cover} |
---|
408 | The presence of sea-ice at the top of the ocean |
---|
409 | strongly modify the surface fluxes |
---|
410 | |
---|
411 | The presence at the sea surface of an ice cover area modified all the fluxes |
---|
412 | transmitted to the ocean. There is two cases whereas a sea-ice model is used |
---|
413 | or not. |
---|
414 | |
---|
415 | Without sea ice model, the information of ice-cover / open ocean is read in |
---|
416 | a file (either the directly the ice-cover or the observed SST from which |
---|
417 | ice-cover is deduced using a criteria on freezing point temperature). |
---|
418 | |
---|
419 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
420 | % Addition of river runoffs |
---|
421 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
422 | \subsection{Addition of river runoffs (\mdl{sbcrnf})} |
---|
423 | \label{SBC_rnf} |
---|
424 | |
---|
425 | It is convenient to introduce the river runoff in the model as a surface |
---|
426 | fresh water fluxes. \colorbox{yellow}{{\ldots} blah blah{\ldots}.} |
---|
427 | |
---|
428 | \colorbox{yellow}{Nevertheless, Pb of vertical resolution and increase of Kz in vicinity of } |
---|
429 | |
---|
430 | \colorbox{yellow}{river mouths{\ldots}} |
---|
431 | |
---|
432 | Control of the mean sea level |
---|
433 | |
---|
434 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
435 | % Addition of river runoffs |
---|
436 | % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
437 | \subsection{Freshwater budget control (\mdl{sbcfwb})} |
---|
438 | \label{SBC_fwb} |
---|
439 | %--------------------------------------------namfwb-------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
440 | \namdisplay{namfwb} |
---|
441 | %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
442 | |
---|
443 | \colorbox{yellow}{freshwater budget correction{\ldots}} |
---|
444 | |
---|
445 | |
---|
446 | |
---|
447 | |
---|