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Changeset 11422 for NEMO/branches/2019/fix_vvl_ticket1791/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_DYN.tex – NEMO

Ignore:
Timestamp:
2019-08-08T15:40:47+02:00 (5 years ago)
Author:
jchanut
Message:

#1791, merge with trunk

Location:
NEMO/branches/2019/fix_vvl_ticket1791/doc
Files:
4 edited

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    r10499 r11422  
    6565%           Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity 
    6666%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    67 \subsection{Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{divcur})} 
     67\subsection[Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\textit{divcur.F90})] 
     68{Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{divcur})} 
    6869\label{subsec:DYN_divcur} 
    6970 
     
    101102%           Sea Surface Height evolution 
    102103%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    103 \subsection{Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{sshwzv})} 
     104\subsection[Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\textit{sshwzv.F90})] 
     105{Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{sshwzv})} 
    104106\label{subsec:DYN_sshwzv} 
    105107 
     
    127129Replacing $T$ by the number $1$ in the tracer equation and summing over the water column must lead to 
    128130the sea surface height equation otherwise tracer content will not be conserved 
    129 \citep{Griffies_al_MWR01, Leclair_Madec_OM09}. 
     131\citep{griffies.pacanowski.ea_MWR01, leclair.madec_OM09}. 
    130132 
    131133The vertical velocity is computed by an upward integration of the horizontal divergence starting at the bottom, 
     
    181183%        Vorticity term  
    182184% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    183 \subsection{Vorticity term (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
     185\subsection[Vorticity term (\textit{dynvor.F90})] 
     186{Vorticity term (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
    184187\label{subsec:DYN_vor} 
    185188%------------------------------------------nam_dynvor---------------------------------------------------- 
     
    203206%                 enstrophy conserving scheme 
    204207%------------------------------------------------------------- 
    205 \subsubsection{Enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ens}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     208\subsubsection[Enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_ens = .true.})] 
     209{Enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ens}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    206210\label{subsec:DYN_vor_ens} 
    207211 
     
    226230%                 energy conserving scheme 
    227231%------------------------------------------------------------- 
    228 \subsubsection{Energy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ene}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     232\subsubsection[Energy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_ene = .true.})] 
     233{Energy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ene}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    229234\label{subsec:DYN_vor_ene} 
    230235 
     
    246251%                 mix energy/enstrophy conserving scheme 
    247252%------------------------------------------------------------- 
    248 \subsubsection{Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_mix}\forcode{ = .true.}) } 
     253\subsubsection[Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_mix = .true.})] 
     254{Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_mix}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    249255\label{subsec:DYN_vor_mix} 
    250256 
     
    271277%                 energy and enstrophy conserving scheme 
    272278%------------------------------------------------------------- 
    273 \subsubsection{Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_een}\forcode{ = .true.}) } 
     279\subsubsection[Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_een = .true.})] 
     280{Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_een}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    274281\label{subsec:DYN_vor_een} 
    275282 
     
    287294Nevertheless, this technique strongly distort the phase and group velocity of Rossby waves....} 
    288295 
    289 A very nice solution to the problem of double averaging was proposed by \citet{Arakawa_Hsu_MWR90}. 
     296A very nice solution to the problem of double averaging was proposed by \citet{arakawa.hsu_MWR90}. 
    290297The idea is to get rid of the double averaging by considering triad combinations of vorticity. 
    291298It is noteworthy that this solution is conceptually quite similar to the one proposed by 
    292 \citep{Griffies_al_JPO98} for the discretization of the iso-neutral diffusion operator (see \autoref{apdx:C}). 
    293  
    294 The \citet{Arakawa_Hsu_MWR90} vorticity advection scheme for a single layer is modified  
    295 for spherical coordinates as described by \citet{Arakawa_Lamb_MWR81} to obtain the EEN scheme.  
     299\citep{griffies.gnanadesikan.ea_JPO98} for the discretization of the iso-neutral diffusion operator (see \autoref{apdx:C}). 
     300 
     301The \citet{arakawa.hsu_MWR90} vorticity advection scheme for a single layer is modified  
     302for spherical coordinates as described by \citet{arakawa.lamb_MWR81} to obtain the EEN scheme.  
    296303First consider the discrete expression of the potential vorticity, $q$, defined at an $f$-point:  
    297304\[ 
     
    309316\begin{figure}[!ht] 
    310317  \begin{center} 
    311     \includegraphics[width=0.70\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_een_triad} 
     318    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_een_triad} 
    312319    \caption{ 
    313320      \protect\label{fig:DYN_een_triad} 
     
    327334(with a systematic reduction of $e_{3f}$ when a model level intercept the bathymetry) 
    328335that tends to reinforce the topostrophy of the flow 
    329 (\ie the tendency of the flow to follow the isobaths) \citep{Penduff_al_OS07}.  
     336(\ie the tendency of the flow to follow the isobaths) \citep{penduff.le-sommer.ea_OS07}.  
    330337 
    331338Next, the vorticity triads, $ {^i_j}\mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p}$ can be defined at a $T$-point as 
     
    356363(\ie $\chi$=$0$) (see \autoref{subsec:C_vorEEN}).  
    357364Applied to a realistic ocean configuration, it has been shown that it leads to a significant reduction of 
    358 the noise in the vertical velocity field \citep{Le_Sommer_al_OM09}. 
     365the noise in the vertical velocity field \citep{le-sommer.penduff.ea_OM09}. 
    359366Furthermore, used in combination with a partial steps representation of bottom topography, 
    360367it improves the interaction between current and topography, 
    361 leading to a larger topostrophy of the flow \citep{Barnier_al_OD06, Penduff_al_OS07}.  
     368leading to a larger topostrophy of the flow \citep{barnier.madec.ea_OD06, penduff.le-sommer.ea_OS07}.  
    362369 
    363370%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    364371%           Kinetic Energy Gradient term 
    365372%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    366 \subsection{Kinetic energy gradient term (\protect\mdl{dynkeg})} 
     373\subsection[Kinetic energy gradient term (\textit{dynkeg.F90})] 
     374{Kinetic energy gradient term (\protect\mdl{dynkeg})} 
    367375\label{subsec:DYN_keg} 
    368376 
     
    384392%           Vertical advection term 
    385393%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    386 \subsection{Vertical advection term (\protect\mdl{dynzad}) } 
     394\subsection[Vertical advection term (\textit{dynzad.F90})] 
     395{Vertical advection term (\protect\mdl{dynzad})} 
    387396\label{subsec:DYN_zad} 
    388397 
     
    403412When \np{ln\_dynzad\_zts}\forcode{ = .true.}, 
    404413a split-explicit time stepping with 5 sub-timesteps is used on the vertical advection term. 
    405 This option can be useful when the value of the timestep is limited by vertical advection \citep{Lemarie_OM2015}.  
     414This option can be useful when the value of the timestep is limited by vertical advection \citep{lemarie.debreu.ea_OM15}.  
    406415Note that in this case, 
    407416a similar split-explicit time stepping should be used on vertical advection of tracer to ensure a better stability, 
     
    430439%           Coriolis plus curvature metric terms 
    431440%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    432 \subsection{Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\protect\mdl{dynvor}) } 
     441\subsection[Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\textit{dynvor.F90})] 
     442{Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
    433443\label{subsec:DYN_cor_flux} 
    434444 
     
    451461%           Flux form Advection term 
    452462%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    453 \subsection{Flux form advection term (\protect\mdl{dynadv}) } 
     463\subsection[Flux form advection term (\textit{dynadv.F90})] 
     464{Flux form advection term (\protect\mdl{dynadv})} 
    454465\label{subsec:DYN_adv_flux} 
    455466 
     
    475486a $2^{nd}$ order centered finite difference scheme, CEN2, 
    476487or a $3^{rd}$ order upstream biased scheme, UBS. 
    477 The latter is described in \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
     488The latter is described in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    478489The schemes are selected using the namelist logicals \np{ln\_dynadv\_cen2} and \np{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}.  
    479490In flux form, the schemes differ by the choice of a space and time interpolation to define the value of 
     
    484495%                 2nd order centred scheme 
    485496%------------------------------------------------------------- 
    486 \subsubsection{CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynadv\_cen2}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     497\subsubsection[CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\forcode{ln_dynadv_cen2 = .true.})] 
     498{CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynadv\_cen2}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    487499\label{subsec:DYN_adv_cen2} 
    488500 
     
    507519%                 UBS scheme 
    508520%------------------------------------------------------------- 
    509 \subsubsection{UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     521\subsubsection[UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\forcode{ln_dynadv_ubs = .true.})] 
     522{UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    510523\label{subsec:DYN_adv_ubs} 
    511524 
     
    523536where $u"_{i+1/2} =\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {\delta_i \left[ u \right]} \right]$. 
    524537This results in a dissipatively dominant (\ie hyper-diffusive) truncation error 
    525 \citep{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
    526 The overall performance of the advection scheme is similar to that reported in \citet{Farrow1995}. 
     538\citep{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
     539The overall performance of the advection scheme is similar to that reported in \citet{farrow.stevens_JPO95}. 
    527540It is a relatively good compromise between accuracy and smoothness. 
    528541It is not a \emph{positive} scheme, meaning that false extrema are permitted. 
     
    542555while the second term, which is the diffusion part of the scheme, 
    543556is evaluated using the \textit{before} velocity (forward in time). 
    544 This is discussed by \citet{Webb_al_JAOT98} in the context of the Quick advection scheme. 
     557This is discussed by \citet{webb.de-cuevas.ea_JAOT98} in the context of the Quick advection scheme. 
    545558 
    546559Note that the UBS and QUICK (Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) schemes only differ by 
    547560one coefficient. 
    548 Replacing $1/6$ by $1/8$ in (\autoref{eq:dynadv_ubs}) leads to the QUICK advection scheme \citep{Webb_al_JAOT98}. 
     561Replacing $1/6$ by $1/8$ in (\autoref{eq:dynadv_ubs}) leads to the QUICK advection scheme \citep{webb.de-cuevas.ea_JAOT98}. 
    549562This option is not available through a namelist parameter, since the $1/6$ coefficient is hard coded. 
    550563Nevertheless it is quite easy to make the substitution in the \mdl{dynadv\_ubs} module and obtain a QUICK scheme. 
     
    560573%           Hydrostatic pressure gradient term 
    561574% ================================================================ 
    562 \section{Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynhpg})} 
     575\section[Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\textit{dynhpg.F90})] 
     576{Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynhpg})} 
    563577\label{sec:DYN_hpg} 
    564578%------------------------------------------nam_dynhpg--------------------------------------------------- 
     
    582596%           z-coordinate with full step 
    583597%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    584 \subsection{Full step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_zco}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     598\subsection[Full step $Z$-coordinate (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_zco = .true.})] 
     599{Full step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_zco}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    585600\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_zco} 
    586601 
     
    627642%           z-coordinate with partial step 
    628643%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    629 \subsection{Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_zps}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     644\subsection[Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_zps = .true.})] 
     645{Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_zps}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    630646\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_zps} 
    631647 
     
    652668 
    653669Pressure gradient formulations in an $s$-coordinate have been the subject of a vast number of papers 
    654 (\eg, \citet{Song1998, Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}).  
     670(\eg, \citet{song_MWR98, shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}).  
    655671A number of different pressure gradient options are coded but the ROMS-like, 
    656672density Jacobian with cubic polynomial method is currently disabled whilst known bugs are under investigation. 
    657673 
    658 $\bullet$ Traditional coding (see for example \citet{Madec_al_JPO96}: (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
     674$\bullet$ Traditional coding (see for example \citet{madec.delecluse.ea_JPO96}: (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
    659675\begin{equation} 
    660676  \label{eq:dynhpg_sco} 
     
    679695$\bullet$ Pressure Jacobian scheme (prj) (a research paper in preparation) (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
    680696 
    681 $\bullet$ Density Jacobian with cubic polynomial scheme (DJC) \citep{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}  
     697$\bullet$ Density Jacobian with cubic polynomial scheme (DJC) \citep{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}  
    682698(\np{ln\_dynhpg\_djc}\forcode{ = .true.}) (currently disabled; under development) 
    683699 
    684700Note that expression \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco} is commonly used when the variable volume formulation is activated 
    685701(\key{vvl}) because in that case, even with a flat bottom, 
    686 the coordinate surfaces are not horizontal but follow the free surface \citep{Levier2007}. 
     702the coordinate surfaces are not horizontal but follow the free surface \citep{levier.treguier.ea_rpt07}. 
    687703The pressure jacobian scheme (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}\forcode{ = .true.}) is available as 
    688704an improved option to \np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.} when \key{vvl} is active. 
     
    704720corresponds to the water replaced by the ice shelf. 
    705721This top pressure is constant over time. 
    706 A detailed description of this method is described in \citet{Losch2008}.\\ 
     722A detailed description of this method is described in \citet{losch_JGR08}.\\ 
    707723 
    708724The pressure gradient due to ocean load is computed using the expression \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco} described in 
     
    712728%           Time-scheme 
    713729%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    714 \subsection{Time-scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}\forcode{ = .true./.false.})} 
     730\subsection[Time-scheme (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_imp = .{true,false}.})] 
     731{Time-scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}\forcode{ = .\{true,false\}}.)} 
    715732\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_imp} 
    716733 
     
    722739the physical phenomenon that controls the time-step is internal gravity waves (IGWs). 
    723740A semi-implicit scheme for doubling the stability limit associated with IGWs can be used 
    724 \citep{Brown_Campana_MWR78, Maltrud1998}. 
     741\citep{brown.campana_MWR78, maltrud.smith.ea_JGR98}. 
    725742It involves the evaluation of the hydrostatic pressure gradient as 
    726743an average over the three time levels $t-\rdt$, $t$, and $t+\rdt$ 
     
    773790% Surface Pressure Gradient 
    774791% ================================================================ 
    775 \section{Surface pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynspg})} 
     792\section[Surface pressure gradient (\textit{dynspg.F90})] 
     793{Surface pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynspg})} 
    776794\label{sec:DYN_spg} 
    777795%-----------------------------------------nam_dynspg---------------------------------------------------- 
     
    790808which imposes a very small time step when an explicit time stepping is used. 
    791809Two methods are proposed to allow a longer time step for the three-dimensional equations:  
    792 the filtered free surface, which is a modification of the continuous equations (see \autoref{eq:PE_flt}),  
     810the filtered free surface, which is a modification of the continuous equations (see \autoref{eq:PE_flt?}),  
    793811and the split-explicit free surface described below. 
    794812The extra term introduced in the filtered method is calculated implicitly,  
     
    811829% Explicit free surface formulation 
    812830%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    813 \subsection{Explicit free surface (\protect\key{dynspg\_exp})} 
     831\subsection[Explicit free surface (\texttt{\textbf{key\_dynspg\_exp}})] 
     832{Explicit free surface (\protect\key{dynspg\_exp})} 
    814833\label{subsec:DYN_spg_exp} 
    815834 
     
    837856% Split-explict free surface formulation 
    838857%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    839 \subsection{Split-explicit free surface (\protect\key{dynspg\_ts})} 
     858\subsection[Split-explicit free surface (\texttt{\textbf{key\_dynspg\_ts}})] 
     859{Split-explicit free surface (\protect\key{dynspg\_ts})} 
    840860\label{subsec:DYN_spg_ts} 
    841861%------------------------------------------namsplit----------------------------------------------------------- 
     
    845865 
    846866The split-explicit free surface formulation used in \NEMO (\key{dynspg\_ts} defined), 
    847 also called the time-splitting formulation, follows the one proposed by \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
     867also called the time-splitting formulation, follows the one proposed by \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    848868The general idea is to solve the free surface equation and the associated barotropic velocity equations with 
    849869a smaller time step than $\rdt$, the time step used for the three dimensional prognostic variables 
     
    862882\begin{equation} 
    863883  \label{eq:BT_dyn} 
    864   \frac{\partial {\rm \overline{{\bf U}}_h} }{\partial t}= 
    865   -f\;{\rm {\bf k}}\times {\rm \overline{{\bf U}}_h} 
    866   -g\nabla _h \eta -\frac{c_b^{\textbf U}}{H+\eta} \rm {\overline{{\bf U}}_h} + \rm {\overline{\bf G}} 
     884  \frac{\partial {\mathrm \overline{{\mathbf U}}_h} }{\partial t}= 
     885  -f\;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\times {\mathrm \overline{{\mathbf U}}_h} 
     886  -g\nabla _h \eta -\frac{c_b^{\textbf U}}{H+\eta} \mathrm {\overline{{\mathbf U}}_h} + \mathrm {\overline{\mathbf G}} 
    867887\end{equation} 
    868888\[ 
    869889  % \label{eq:BT_ssh} 
    870   \frac{\partial \eta }{\partial t}=-\nabla \cdot \left[ {\left( {H+\eta } \right) \; {\rm{\bf \overline{U}}}_h \,} \right]+P-E 
     890  \frac{\partial \eta }{\partial t}=-\nabla \cdot \left[ {\left( {H+\eta } \right) \; {\mathrm{\mathbf \overline{U}}}_h \,} \right]+P-E 
    871891\] 
    872892% \end{subequations} 
    873 where $\rm {\overline{\bf G}}$ is a forcing term held constant, containing coupling term between modes, 
     893where $\mathrm {\overline{\mathbf G}}$ is a forcing term held constant, containing coupling term between modes, 
    874894surface atmospheric forcing as well as slowly varying barotropic terms not explicitly computed to gain efficiency. 
    875895The third term on the right hand side of \autoref{eq:BT_dyn} represents the bottom stress 
    876896(see section \autoref{sec:ZDF_bfr}), explicitly accounted for at each barotropic iteration. 
    877897Temporal discretization of the system above follows a three-time step Generalized Forward Backward algorithm 
    878 detailed in \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
     898detailed in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    879899AB3-AM4 coefficients used in \NEMO follow the second-order accurate, 
    880 "multi-purpose" stability compromise as defined in \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_Bk08} 
     900"multi-purpose" stability compromise as defined in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_ibk09} 
    881901(see their figure 12, lower left).  
    882902 
     
    884904\begin{figure}[!t] 
    885905  \begin{center} 
    886     \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_dynspg_ts} 
     906    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_dynspg_ts} 
    887907    \caption{ 
    888908      \protect\label{fig:DYN_dynspg_ts} 
     
    936956and time splitting not compatible. 
    937957Advective barotropic velocities are obtained by using a secondary set of filtering weights, 
    938 uniquely defined from the filter coefficients used for the time averaging (\citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}). 
     958uniquely defined from the filter coefficients used for the time averaging (\citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}). 
    939959Consistency between the time averaged continuity equation and the time stepping of tracers is here the key to 
    940960obtain exact conservation. 
     
    953973external gravity waves in idealized or weakly non-linear cases. 
    954974Although the damping is lower than for the filtered free surface, 
    955 it is still significant as shown by \citet{Levier2007} in the case of an analytical barotropic Kelvin wave. 
     975it is still significant as shown by \citet{levier.treguier.ea_rpt07} in the case of an analytical barotropic Kelvin wave. 
    956976 
    957977%>>>>>=============== 
     
    10511071the leap-frog splitting mode in equation \autoref{eq:DYN_spg_ts_ssh}. 
    10521072We have tried various forms of such filtering, 
    1053 with the following method discussed in \cite{Griffies_al_MWR01} chosen due to 
     1073with the following method discussed in \cite{griffies.pacanowski.ea_MWR01} chosen due to 
    10541074its stability and reasonably good maintenance of tracer conservation properties (see ??). 
    10551075 
     
    10811101% Filtered free surface formulation 
    10821102%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1083 \subsection{Filtered free surface (\protect\key{dynspg\_flt})} 
     1103\subsection[Filtered free surface (\texttt{\textbf{key\_dynspg\_flt}})] 
     1104{Filtered free surface (\protect\key{dynspg\_flt})} 
    10841105\label{subsec:DYN_spg_fltp} 
    10851106 
    1086 The filtered formulation follows the \citet{Roullet_Madec_JGR00} implementation.  
     1107The filtered formulation follows the \citet{roullet.madec_JGR00} implementation.  
    10871108The extra term introduced in the equations (see \autoref{subsec:PE_free_surface}) is solved implicitly.  
    10881109The elliptic solvers available in the code are documented in \autoref{chap:MISC}. 
     
    10921113  \[ 
    10931114    % \label{eq:spg_flt} 
    1094     \frac{\partial {\rm {\bf U}}_h }{\partial t}= {\rm {\bf M}} 
     1115    \frac{\partial {\mathrm {\mathbf U}}_h }{\partial t}= {\mathrm {\mathbf M}} 
    10951116    - g \nabla \left( \tilde{\rho} \ \eta \right) 
    10961117    - g \ T_c \nabla \left( \widetilde{\rho} \ \partial_t \eta \right) 
     
    10981119  where $T_c$, is a parameter with dimensions of time which characterizes the force, 
    10991120  $\widetilde{\rho} = \rho / \rho_o$ is the dimensionless density, 
    1100   and $\rm {\bf M}$ represents the collected contributions of the Coriolis, hydrostatic pressure gradient, 
     1121  and $\mathrm {\mathbf M}$ represents the collected contributions of the Coriolis, hydrostatic pressure gradient, 
    11011122  non-linear and viscous terms in \autoref{eq:PE_dyn}. 
    11021123}   %end gmcomment 
     
    11091130% Lateral diffusion term 
    11101131% ================================================================ 
    1111 \section{Lateral diffusion term and operators (\protect\mdl{dynldf})} 
     1132\section[Lateral diffusion term and operators (\textit{dynldf.F90})] 
     1133{Lateral diffusion term and operators (\protect\mdl{dynldf})} 
    11121134\label{sec:DYN_ldf} 
    11131135%------------------------------------------nam_dynldf---------------------------------------------------- 
     
    11431165 
    11441166% ================================================================ 
    1145 \subsection[Iso-level laplacian (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_lap}\forcode{ = .true.})] 
    1146             {Iso-level laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_lap}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     1167\subsection[Iso-level laplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_lap = .true.})] 
     1168{Iso-level laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_lap}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    11471169\label{subsec:DYN_ldf_lap} 
    11481170 
     
    11521174  \left\{ 
    11531175    \begin{aligned} 
    1154       D_u^{l{\rm {\bf U}}} =\frac{1}{e_{1u} }\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {A_T^{lm} 
     1176      D_u^{l{\mathrm {\mathbf U}}} =\frac{1}{e_{1u} }\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {A_T^{lm} 
    11551177          \;\chi } \right]-\frac{1}{e_{2u} {\kern 1pt}e_{3u} }\delta_j \left[  
    11561178        {A_f^{lm} \;e_{3f} \zeta } \right] \\ \\ 
    1157       D_v^{l{\rm {\bf U}}} =\frac{1}{e_{2v} }\delta_{j+1/2} \left[ {A_T^{lm} 
     1179      D_v^{l{\mathrm {\mathbf U}}} =\frac{1}{e_{2v} }\delta_{j+1/2} \left[ {A_T^{lm} 
    11581180          \;\chi } \right]+\frac{1}{e_{1v} {\kern 1pt}e_{3v} }\delta_i \left[  
    11591181        {A_f^{lm} \;e_{3f} \zeta } \right] 
     
    11691191%           Rotated laplacian operator 
    11701192%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1171 \subsection[Rotated laplacian (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_iso}\forcode{ = .true.})] 
    1172             {Rotated laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_iso}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     1193\subsection[Rotated laplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_iso = .true.})] 
     1194{Rotated laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_iso}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    11731195\label{subsec:DYN_ldf_iso} 
    11741196 
     
    12281250%           Iso-level bilaplacian operator 
    12291251%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1230 \subsection[Iso-level bilaplacian (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_bilap}\forcode{ = .true.})] 
    1231             {Iso-level bilaplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_bilap}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     1252\subsection[Iso-level bilaplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_bilap = .true.})] 
     1253{Iso-level bilaplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_bilap}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
    12321254\label{subsec:DYN_ldf_bilap} 
    12331255 
     
    12431265%           Vertical diffusion term 
    12441266% ================================================================ 
    1245 \section{Vertical diffusion term (\protect\mdl{dynzdf})} 
     1267\section[Vertical diffusion term (\textit{dynzdf.F90})] 
     1268{Vertical diffusion term (\protect\mdl{dynzdf})} 
    12461269\label{sec:DYN_zdf} 
    12471270%----------------------------------------------namzdf------------------------------------------------------ 
     
    13261349There are two main options for wetting and drying code (wd): 
    13271350(a) an iterative limiter (il) and (b) a directional limiter (dl). 
    1328 The directional limiter is based on the scheme developed by \cite{WarnerEtal13} for RO 
     1351The directional limiter is based on the scheme developed by \cite{warner.defne.ea_CG13} for RO 
    13291352MS 
    1330 which was in turn based on ideas developed for POM by \cite{Oey06}. The iterative 
     1353which was in turn based on ideas developed for POM by \cite{oey_OM06}. The iterative 
    13311354limiter is a new scheme.  The iterative limiter is activated by setting $\mathrm{ln\_wd\_il} = \mathrm{.true.}$ 
    13321355and $\mathrm{ln\_wd\_dl} = \mathrm{.false.}$. The directional limiter is activated 
     
    13721395%   Iterative limiters 
    13731396%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1374 \subsection   [Directional limiter (\textit{wet\_dry})] 
    1375          {Directional limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
     1397\subsection[Directional limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})] 
     1398{Directional limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
    13761399\label{subsec:DYN_wd_directional_limiter} 
    13771400The principal idea of the directional limiter is that 
     
    14001423 
    14011424 
    1402 \cite{WarnerEtal13} state that in their scheme the velocity masks at the cell faces for the baroclinic 
     1425\cite{warner.defne.ea_CG13} state that in their scheme the velocity masks at the cell faces for the baroclinic 
    14031426timesteps are set to 0 or 1 depending on whether the average of the masks over the barotropic sub-steps is respectively less than 
    14041427or greater than 0.5. That scheme does not conserve tracers in integrations started from constant tracer 
     
    14121435%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    14131436 
    1414 \subsection   [Iterative limiter (\textit{wet\_dry})] 
    1415          {Iterative limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
     1437\subsection[Iterative limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})] 
     1438{Iterative limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
    14161439\label{subsec:DYN_wd_iterative_limiter} 
    14171440 
    1418 \subsubsection [Iterative flux limiter (\textit{wet\_dry})] 
    1419          {Iterative flux limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
     1441\subsubsection[Iterative flux limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})] 
     1442{Iterative flux limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
    14201443\label{subsubsec:DYN_wd_il_spg_limiter} 
    14211444 
     
    14941517\end{equation} 
    14951518 
    1496 Note a small tolerance ($\mathrm{rn\_wdmin2}$) has been introduced here {\it [Q: Why is 
     1519Note a small tolerance ($\mathrm{rn\_wdmin2}$) has been introduced here {\itshape [Q: Why is 
    14971520this necessary/desirable?]}. Substituting from (\ref{dyn_wd_continuity_coef}) gives an 
    14981521expression for the coefficient needed to multiply the outward flux at this cell in order 
     
    15221545%      Surface pressure gradients 
    15231546%---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1524 \subsubsection   [Modification of surface pressure gradients (\textit{dynhpg})] 
    1525          {Modification of surface pressure gradients (\mdl{dynhpg})} 
     1547\subsubsection[Modification of surface pressure gradients (\textit{dynhpg.F90})] 
     1548{Modification of surface pressure gradients (\mdl{dynhpg})} 
    15261549\label{subsubsec:DYN_wd_il_spg} 
    15271550 
     
    15411564%>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
    15421565\begin{figure}[!ht] \begin{center} 
    1543 \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{Fig_WAD_dynhpg} 
     1566\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig_WAD_dynhpg} 
    15441567\caption{ \label{Fig_WAD_dynhpg} 
    15451568Illustrations of the three possible combinations of the logical variables controlling the 
     
    15881611conditions. 
    15891612 
    1590 \subsubsection   [Additional considerations (\textit{usrdef\_zgr})] 
    1591          {Additional considerations (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
     1613\subsubsection[Additional considerations (\textit{usrdef\_zgr.F90})] 
     1614{Additional considerations (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
    15921615\label{subsubsec:WAD_additional} 
    15931616 
     
    16031626%      The WAD test cases 
    16041627%---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1605 \subsection   [The WAD test cases (\textit{usrdef\_zgr})] 
    1606          {The WAD test cases (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
     1628\subsection[The WAD test cases (\textit{usrdef\_zgr.F90})] 
     1629{The WAD test cases (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
    16071630\label{WAD_test_cases} 
    16081631 
     
    16141637% Time evolution term  
    16151638% ================================================================ 
    1616 \section{Time evolution term (\protect\mdl{dynnxt})} 
     1639\section[Time evolution term (\textit{dynnxt.F90})] 
     1640{Time evolution term (\protect\mdl{dynnxt})} 
    16171641\label{sec:DYN_nxt} 
    16181642 
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