Changeset 11543 for NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/apdx_invariants.tex
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NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/apdx_invariants.tex
r11529 r11543 6 6 % ================================================================ 7 7 \chapter{Discrete Invariants of the Equations} 8 \label{apdx: C}8 \label{apdx:INVARIANTS} 9 9 10 10 \chaptertoc … … 21 21 % ================================================================ 22 22 \section{Introduction / Notations} 23 \label{sec: C.0}23 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_0} 24 24 25 25 Notation used in this appendix in the demonstations: … … 72 72 that is in a more compact form : 73 73 \begin{flalign} 74 \label{eq: Q2_flux}74 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_Q2_flux} 75 75 \partial_t \left( \int_D {\frac{1}{2} Q^2\;dv} \right) 76 76 =& \int_D { \frac{Q}{e_3} \partial_t \left( e_3 \, Q \right) dv } … … 87 87 that is in a more compact form: 88 88 \begin{flalign} 89 \label{eq: Q2_vect}89 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_Q2_vect} 90 90 \partial_t \left( \int_D {\frac{1}{2} Q^2\;dv} \right) 91 91 =& \int_D { Q \,\partial_t Q \;dv } … … 97 97 % ================================================================ 98 98 \section{Continuous conservation} 99 \label{sec: C.1}99 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_1} 100 100 101 101 The discretization of pimitive equation in $s$-coordinate (\ie\ time and space varying vertical coordinate) … … 105 105 The total energy (\ie\ kinetic plus potential energies) is conserved: 106 106 \begin{flalign} 107 \label{eq: Tot_Energy}107 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_Tot_Energy} 108 108 \partial_t \left( \int_D \left( \frac{1}{2} {\textbf{U}_h}^2 + \rho \, g \, z \right) \;dv \right) = & 0 109 109 \end{flalign} … … 114 114 The transformation for the advection term depends on whether the vector invariant form or 115 115 the flux form is used for the momentum equation. 116 Using \autoref{eq: Q2_vect} and introducing \autoref{apdx:A_dyn_vect} in117 \autoref{eq: Tot_Energy} for the former form and118 using \autoref{eq: Q2_flux} and introducing \autoref{apdx:A_dyn_flux} in119 \autoref{eq: Tot_Energy} for the latter form leads to:120 121 % \label{eq: E_tot}116 Using \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_Q2_vect} and introducing \autoref{eq:SCOORD_dyn_vect} in 117 \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_Tot_Energy} for the former form and 118 using \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_Q2_flux} and introducing \autoref{eq:SCOORD_dyn_flux} in 119 \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_Tot_Energy} for the latter form leads to: 120 121 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot} 122 122 advection term (vector invariant form): 123 123 \[ 124 % \label{eq: E_tot_vect_vor_1}124 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_vect_vor_1} 125 125 \int\limits_D \zeta \; \left( \textbf{k} \times \textbf{U}_h \right) \cdot \textbf{U}_h \; dv = 0 \\ 126 126 \] 127 127 % 128 128 \[ 129 % \label{eq: E_tot_vect_adv_1}129 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_vect_adv_1} 130 130 \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \nabla_h \left( \frac{{\textbf{U}_h}^2}{2} \right) dv 131 131 + \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \nabla_z \textbf{U}_h \;dv … … 134 134 advection term (flux form): 135 135 \[ 136 % \label{eq: E_tot_flux_metric}136 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_flux_metric} 137 137 \int\limits_D \frac{1} {e_1 e_2 } \left( v \,\partial_i e_2 - u \,\partial_j e_1 \right)\; 138 138 \left( \textbf{k} \times \textbf{U}_h \right) \cdot \textbf{U}_h \; dv = 0 139 139 \] 140 140 \[ 141 % \label{eq: E_tot_flux_adv}141 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_flux_adv} 142 142 \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \left( {{ 143 143 \begin{array} {*{20}c} … … 150 150 coriolis term 151 151 \[ 152 % \label{eq: E_tot_cor}152 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_cor} 153 153 \int\limits_D f \; \left( \textbf{k} \times \textbf{U}_h \right) \cdot \textbf{U}_h \; dv = 0 154 154 \] 155 155 pressure gradient: 156 156 \[ 157 % \label{eq: E_tot_pg_1}157 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_pg_1} 158 158 - \int\limits_D \left. \nabla p \right|_z \cdot \textbf{U}_h \;dv 159 159 = - \int\limits_D \nabla \cdot \left( \rho \,\textbf {U} \right)\;g\;z\;\;dv … … 173 173 174 174 Vector invariant form: 175 % \label{eq: E_tot_vect}176 \[ 177 % \label{eq: E_tot_vect_vor_2}175 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_vect} 176 \[ 177 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_vect_vor_2} 178 178 \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \text{VOR} \;dv = 0 179 179 \] 180 180 \[ 181 % \label{eq: E_tot_vect_adv_2}181 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_vect_adv_2} 182 182 \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \text{KEG} \;dv 183 183 + \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \text{ZAD} \;dv … … 185 185 \] 186 186 \[ 187 % \label{eq: E_tot_pg_2}187 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_pg_2} 188 188 - \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot (\text{HPG}+ \text{SPG}) \;dv 189 189 = - \int\limits_D \nabla \cdot \left( \rho \,\textbf {U} \right)\;g\;z\;\;dv … … 193 193 Flux form: 194 194 \begin{subequations} 195 \label{eq: E_tot_flux}195 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_flux} 196 196 \[ 197 % \label{eq: E_tot_flux_metric_2}197 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_flux_metric_2} 198 198 \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \text {COR} \; dv = 0 199 199 \] 200 200 \[ 201 % \label{eq: E_tot_flux_adv_2}201 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_flux_adv_2} 202 202 \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \text{ADV} \;dv 203 203 + \frac{1}{2} \int\limits_D { {\textbf{U}_h}^2 \frac{1}{e_3} \partial_t e_3 \;dv } =\;0 204 204 \] 205 205 \begin{equation} 206 \label{eq: E_tot_pg_3}206 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_pg_3} 207 207 - \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot (\text{HPG}+ \text{SPG}) \;dv 208 208 = - \int\limits_D \nabla \cdot \left( \rho \,\textbf {U} \right)\;g\;z\;\;dv … … 211 211 \end{subequations} 212 212 213 \autoref{eq: E_tot_pg_3} is the balance between the conversion KE to PE and PE to KE.214 Indeed the left hand side of \autoref{eq: E_tot_pg_3} can be transformed as follows:213 \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_pg_3} is the balance between the conversion KE to PE and PE to KE. 214 Indeed the left hand side of \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_pg_3} can be transformed as follows: 215 215 \begin{flalign*} 216 216 \partial_t \left( \int\limits_D { \rho \, g \, z \;dv} \right) … … 225 225 \end{flalign*} 226 226 where the last equality is obtained by noting that the brackets is exactly the expression of $w$, 227 the vertical velocity referenced to the fixe $z$-coordinate system (see \autoref{ apdx:A_w_s}).228 229 The left hand side of \autoref{eq: E_tot_pg_3} can be transformed as follows:227 the vertical velocity referenced to the fixe $z$-coordinate system (see \autoref{eq:SCOORD_w_s}). 228 229 The left hand side of \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_pg_3} can be transformed as follows: 230 230 \begin{flalign*} 231 231 - \int\limits_D \left. \nabla p \right|_z & \cdot \textbf{U}_h \;dv … … 326 326 % ================================================================ 327 327 \section{Discrete total energy conservation: vector invariant form} 328 \label{sec: C.2}328 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_2} 329 329 330 330 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- … … 332 332 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 333 333 \subsection{Total energy conservation} 334 \label{subsec: C_KE+PE_vect}335 336 The discrete form of the total energy conservation, \autoref{eq: Tot_Energy}, is given by:334 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_KE+PE_vect} 335 336 The discrete form of the total energy conservation, \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_Tot_Energy}, is given by: 337 337 \begin{flalign*} 338 338 \partial_t \left( \sum\limits_{i,j,k} \biggl\{ \frac{u^2}{2} \,b_u + \frac{v^2}{2}\, b_v + \rho \, g \, z_t \,b_t \biggr\} \right) &=0 … … 340 340 which in vector invariant forms, it leads to: 341 341 \begin{equation} 342 \label{eq: KE+PE_vect_discrete}342 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_KE+PE_vect_discrete} 343 343 \begin{split} 344 344 \sum\limits_{i,j,k} \biggl\{ u\, \partial_t u \;b_u … … 352 352 353 353 Substituting the discrete expression of the time derivative of the velocity either in vector invariant, 354 leads to the discrete equivalent of the four equations \autoref{eq: E_tot_flux}.354 leads to the discrete equivalent of the four equations \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_E_tot_flux}. 355 355 356 356 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- … … 358 358 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 359 359 \subsection{Vorticity term (coriolis + vorticity part of the advection)} 360 \label{subsec: C_vor}360 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_vor} 361 361 362 362 Let $q$, located at $f$-points, be either the relative ($q=\zeta / e_{3f}$), … … 367 367 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 368 368 \subsubsection{Vorticity term with ENE scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ene}\forcode{ = .true.})} 369 \label{subsec: C_vorENE}369 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_vorENE} 370 370 371 371 For the ENE scheme, the two components of the vorticity term are given by: … … 407 407 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 408 408 \subsubsection{Vorticity term with EEN scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_een}\forcode{ = .true.})} 409 \label{subsec: C_vorEEN_vect}409 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_vorEEN_vect} 410 410 411 411 With the EEN scheme, the vorticity terms are represented as: 412 412 \begin{equation} 413 \ tag{\ref{eq:dynvor_een}}413 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_dynvor_een} 414 414 \left\{ { 415 415 \begin{aligned} … … 424 424 and the vorticity triads, ${^i_j}\mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p}$, defined at $T$-point, are given by: 425 425 \begin{equation} 426 \ tag{\ref{eq:Q_triads}}426 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_Q_triads} 427 427 _i^j \mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p} 428 428 = \frac{1}{12} \ \left( q^{i-i_p}_{j+j_p} + q^{i+j_p}_{j+i_p} + q^{i+i_p}_{j-j_p} \right) … … 479 479 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 480 480 \subsubsection{Gradient of kinetic energy / Vertical advection} 481 \label{subsec: C_zad}481 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_zad} 482 482 483 483 The change of Kinetic Energy (KE) due to the vertical advection is exactly balanced by the change of KE due to the horizontal gradient of KE~: … … 542 542 % 543 543 \intertext{The first term provides the discrete expression for the vertical advection of momentum (ZAD), 544 while the second term corresponds exactly to \autoref{eq: KE+PE_vect_discrete}, therefore:}544 while the second term corresponds exactly to \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_KE+PE_vect_discrete}, therefore:} 545 545 \equiv& \int\limits_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \text{ZAD} \;dv 546 546 + \frac{1}{2} \int_D { {\textbf{U}_h}^2 \frac{1}{e_3} \partial_t (e_3) \;dv } &&&\\ … … 578 578 which is (over-)satified by defining the vertical scale factor as follows: 579 579 \begin{flalign*} 580 % \label{eq: e3u-e3v}580 % \label{eq:INVARIANTS_e3u-e3v} 581 581 e_{3u} = \frac{1}{e_{1u}\,e_{2u}}\;\overline{ e_{1t}^{ }\,e_{2t}^{ }\,e_{3t}^{ } }^{\,i+1/2} \\ 582 582 e_{3v} = \frac{1}{e_{1v}\,e_{2v}}\;\overline{ e_{1t}^{ }\,e_{2t}^{ }\,e_{3t}^{ } }^{\,j+1/2} … … 590 590 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 591 591 \subsection{Pressure gradient term} 592 \label{subsec: C.2.6}592 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_2.6} 593 593 594 594 \gmcomment{ … … 622 622 \allowdisplaybreaks 623 623 \intertext{Using successively \autoref{eq:DOM_di_adj}, \ie\ the skew symmetry property of 624 the $\delta$ operator, \autoref{eq: wzv}, the continuity equation, \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco},624 the $\delta$ operator, \autoref{eq:DYN_wzv}, the continuity equation, \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_sco}, 625 625 the hydrostatic equation in the $s$-coordinate, and $\delta_{k+1/2} \left[ z_t \right] \equiv e_{3w} $, 626 626 which comes from the definition of $z_t$, it becomes: } … … 667 667 % 668 668 \end{flalign*} 669 The first term is exactly the first term of the right-hand-side of \autoref{eq: KE+PE_vect_discrete}.669 The first term is exactly the first term of the right-hand-side of \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_KE+PE_vect_discrete}. 670 670 It remains to demonstrate that the last term, 671 671 which is obviously a discrete analogue of $\int_D \frac{p}{e_3} \partial_t (e_3)\;dv$ is equal to 672 the last term of \autoref{eq: KE+PE_vect_discrete}.672 the last term of \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_KE+PE_vect_discrete}. 673 673 In other words, the following property must be satisfied: 674 674 \begin{flalign*} … … 735 735 % ================================================================ 736 736 \section{Discrete total energy conservation: flux form} 737 \label{sec: C.3}737 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_3} 738 738 739 739 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- … … 741 741 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 742 742 \subsection{Total energy conservation} 743 \label{subsec: C_KE+PE_flux}744 745 The discrete form of the total energy conservation, \autoref{eq: Tot_Energy}, is given by:743 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_KE+PE_flux} 744 745 The discrete form of the total energy conservation, \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_Tot_Energy}, is given by: 746 746 \begin{flalign*} 747 747 \partial_t \left( \sum\limits_{i,j,k} \biggl\{ \frac{u^2}{2} \,b_u + \frac{v^2}{2}\, b_v + \rho \, g \, z_t \,b_t \biggr\} \right) &=0 \\ … … 765 765 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 766 766 \subsection{Coriolis and advection terms: flux form} 767 \label{subsec: C.3.2}767 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_3.2} 768 768 769 769 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- … … 771 771 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 772 772 \subsubsection{Coriolis plus ``metric'' term} 773 \label{subsec: C.3.3}773 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_3.3} 774 774 775 775 In flux from the vorticity term reduces to a Coriolis term in which … … 786 786 Either the ENE or EEN scheme is then applied to obtain the vorticity term in flux form. 787 787 It therefore conserves the total KE. 788 The derivation is the same as for the vorticity term in the vector invariant form (\autoref{subsec: C_vor}).788 The derivation is the same as for the vorticity term in the vector invariant form (\autoref{subsec:INVARIANTS_vor}). 789 789 790 790 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- … … 792 792 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 793 793 \subsubsection{Flux form advection} 794 \label{subsec: C.3.4}794 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_3.4} 795 795 796 796 The flux form operator of the momentum advection is evaluated using … … 800 800 801 801 \begin{equation} 802 \label{eq: C_ADV_KE_flux}802 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_ADV_KE_flux} 803 803 - \int_D \textbf{U}_h \cdot \left( {{ 804 804 \begin{array} {*{20}c} … … 863 863 \] 864 864 which is the discrete form of $ \frac{1}{2} \int_D u \cdot \nabla \cdot \left( \textbf{U}\,u \right) \; dv $. 865 \autoref{eq: C_ADV_KE_flux} is thus satisfied.865 \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_ADV_KE_flux} is thus satisfied. 866 866 867 867 When the UBS scheme is used to evaluate the flux form momentum advection, … … 873 873 % ================================================================ 874 874 \section{Discrete enstrophy conservation} 875 \label{sec: C.4}875 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_4} 876 876 877 877 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- … … 879 879 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 880 880 \subsubsection{Vorticity term with ENS scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ens}\forcode{ = .true.})} 881 \label{subsec: C_vorENS}881 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_vorENS} 882 882 883 883 In the ENS scheme, the vorticity term is descretized as follows: 884 884 \begin{equation} 885 \ tag{\ref{eq:dynvor_ens}}885 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_dynvor_ens} 886 886 \left\{ 887 887 \begin{aligned} … … 898 898 it can be shown that: 899 899 \begin{equation} 900 \label{eq: C_1.1}900 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_1.1} 901 901 \int_D {q\,\;{\textbf{k}}\cdot \frac{1} {e_3} \nabla \times \left( {e_3 \, q \;{\textbf{k}}\times {\textbf{U}}_h } \right)\;dv} \equiv 0 902 902 \end{equation} 903 903 where $dv=e_1\,e_2\,e_3 \; di\,dj\,dk$ is the volume element. 904 Indeed, using \autoref{eq: dynvor_ens},905 the discrete form of the right hand side of \autoref{eq: C_1.1} can be transformed as follow:904 Indeed, using \autoref{eq:DYN_vor_ens}, 905 the discrete form of the right hand side of \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_1.1} can be transformed as follow: 906 906 \begin{flalign*} 907 907 &\int_D q \,\; \textbf{k} \cdot \frac{1} {e_3 } \nabla \times … … 948 948 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 949 949 \subsubsection{Vorticity Term with EEN scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_een}\forcode{ = .true.})} 950 \label{subsec: C_vorEEN}950 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_vorEEN} 951 951 952 952 With the EEN scheme, the vorticity terms are represented as: 953 953 \begin{equation} 954 \ tag{\ref{eq:dynvor_een}}954 \label{eq:INVARIANTS_dynvor_een} 955 955 \left\{ { 956 956 \begin{aligned} … … 966 966 and the vorticity triads, ${^i_j}\mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p}$, defined at $T$-point, are given by: 967 967 \begin{equation} 968 \tag{\ref{eq: Q_triads}}968 \tag{\ref{eq:INVARIANTS_Q_triads}} 969 969 _i^j \mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p} 970 970 = \frac{1}{12} \ \left( q^{i-i_p}_{j+j_p} + q^{i+j_p}_{j+i_p} + q^{i+i_p}_{j-j_p} \right) … … 975 975 Let consider one of the vorticity triad, for example ${^{i}_j}\mathbb{Q}^{+1/2}_{+1/2} $, 976 976 similar manipulation can be done for the 3 others. 977 The discrete form of the right hand side of \autoref{eq: C_1.1} applied to977 The discrete form of the right hand side of \autoref{eq:INVARIANTS_1.1} applied to 978 978 this triad only can be transformed as follow: 979 979 … … 1021 1021 % ================================================================ 1022 1022 \section{Conservation properties on tracers} 1023 \label{sec: C.5}1023 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_5} 1024 1024 1025 1025 All the numerical schemes used in \NEMO\ are written such that the tracer content is conserved by … … 1037 1037 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1038 1038 \subsection{Advection term} 1039 \label{subsec: C.5.1}1039 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_5.1} 1040 1040 1041 1041 conservation of a tracer, $T$: … … 1103 1103 % ================================================================ 1104 1104 \section{Conservation properties on lateral momentum physics} 1105 \label{sec: dynldf_properties}1105 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_dynldf_properties} 1106 1106 1107 1107 The discrete formulation of the horizontal diffusion of momentum ensures … … 1124 1124 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1125 1125 \subsection{Conservation of potential vorticity} 1126 \label{subsec: C.6.1}1126 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_6.1} 1127 1127 1128 1128 The lateral momentum diffusion term conserves the potential vorticity: … … 1158 1158 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1159 1159 \subsection{Dissipation of horizontal kinetic energy} 1160 \label{subsec: C.6.2}1160 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_6.2} 1161 1161 1162 1162 The lateral momentum diffusion term dissipates the horizontal kinetic energy: … … 1210 1210 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1211 1211 \subsection{Dissipation of enstrophy} 1212 \label{subsec: C.6.3}1212 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_6.3} 1213 1213 1214 1214 The lateral momentum diffusion term dissipates the enstrophy when the eddy coefficients are horizontally uniform: … … 1234 1234 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1235 1235 \subsection{Conservation of horizontal divergence} 1236 \label{subsec: C.6.4}1236 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_6.4} 1237 1237 1238 1238 When the horizontal divergence of the horizontal diffusion of momentum (discrete sense) is taken, … … 1261 1261 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1262 1262 \subsection{Dissipation of horizontal divergence variance} 1263 \label{subsec: C.6.5}1263 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_6.5} 1264 1264 1265 1265 \begin{flalign*} … … 1287 1287 % ================================================================ 1288 1288 \section{Conservation properties on vertical momentum physics} 1289 \label{sec: C.7}1289 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_7} 1290 1290 1291 1291 As for the lateral momentum physics, … … 1458 1458 % ================================================================ 1459 1459 \section{Conservation properties on tracer physics} 1460 \label{sec: C.8}1460 \label{sec:INVARIANTS_8} 1461 1461 1462 1462 The numerical schemes used for tracer subgridscale physics are written such that … … 1470 1470 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1471 1471 \subsection{Conservation of tracers} 1472 \label{subsec: C.8.1}1472 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_8.1} 1473 1473 1474 1474 constraint of conservation of tracers: … … 1503 1503 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1504 1504 \subsection{Dissipation of tracer variance} 1505 \label{subsec: C.8.2}1505 \label{subsec:INVARIANTS_8.2} 1506 1506 1507 1507 constraint on the dissipation of tracer variance:
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