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NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_SBC.tex
r11584 r11596 3 3 \begin{document} 4 4 5 % ================================================================6 % Chapter —— Surface Boundary Condition (SBC, SAS, ISF, ICB)7 % ================================================================8 5 \chapter{Surface Boundary Condition (SBC, SAS, ISF, ICB)} 9 6 \label{chap:SBC} 10 7 11 8 \chaptertoc 12 13 \newpage14 9 15 10 %---------------------------------------namsbc-------------------------------------------------- … … 25 20 26 21 \begin{itemize} 27 \item 28 the two components of the surface ocean stress $\left( {\tau_u \;,\;\tau_v} \right)$ 29 \item 30 the incoming solar and non solar heat fluxes $\left( {Q_{ns} \;,\;Q_{sr} } \right)$ 31 \item 32 the surface freshwater budget $\left( {\textit{emp}} \right)$ 33 \item 34 the surface salt flux associated with freezing/melting of seawater $\left( {\textit{sfx}} \right)$ 35 \item 36 the atmospheric pressure at the ocean surface $\left( p_a \right)$ 22 \item the two components of the surface ocean stress $\left( {\tau_u \;,\;\tau_v} \right)$ 23 \item the incoming solar and non solar heat fluxes $\left( {Q_{ns} \;,\;Q_{sr} } \right)$ 24 \item the surface freshwater budget $\left( {\textit{emp}} \right)$ 25 \item the surface salt flux associated with freezing/melting of seawater $\left( {\textit{sfx}} \right)$ 26 \item the atmospheric pressure at the ocean surface $\left( p_a \right)$ 37 27 \end{itemize} 38 28 … … 41 31 42 32 \begin{itemize} 43 \item 44 a bulk formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_blk}{ln\_blk} with four possible bulk algorithms), 45 \item 46 a flux formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_flx}{ln\_flx}), 47 \item 48 a coupled or mixed forced/coupled formulation (exchanges with a atmospheric model via the OASIS coupler), 33 \item a bulk formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_blk}{ln\_blk} with four possible bulk algorithms), 34 \item a flux formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_flx}{ln\_flx}), 35 \item a coupled or mixed forced/coupled formulation (exchanges with a atmospheric model via the OASIS coupler), 49 36 (\np{ln_cpl}{ln\_cpl} or \np[=.true.]{ln_mixcpl}{ln\_mixcpl}), 50 \item 51 a user defined formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_usr}{ln\_usr}). 37 \item a user defined formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_usr}{ln\_usr}). 52 38 \end{itemize} 53 39 … … 66 52 67 53 \begin{itemize} 68 \item 69 the rotation of vector components supplied relative to an east-north coordinate system onto 54 \item the rotation of vector components supplied relative to an east-north coordinate system onto 70 55 the local grid directions in the model, 71 \item 72 the use of a land/sea mask for input fields (\np[=.true.]{nn_lsm}{nn\_lsm}), 73 \item 74 the addition of a surface restoring term to observed SST and/or SSS (\np[=.true.]{ln_ssr}{ln\_ssr}), 75 \item 76 the modification of fluxes below ice-covered areas (using climatological ice-cover or a sea-ice model) 56 \item the use of a land/sea mask for input fields (\np[=.true.]{nn_lsm}{nn\_lsm}), 57 \item the addition of a surface restoring term to observed SST and/or SSS (\np[=.true.]{ln_ssr}{ln\_ssr}), 58 \item the modification of fluxes below ice-covered areas (using climatological ice-cover or a sea-ice model) 77 59 (\np[=0..3]{nn_ice}{nn\_ice}), 78 \item 79 the addition of river runoffs as surface freshwater fluxes or lateral inflow (\np[=.true.]{ln_rnf}{ln\_rnf}), 80 \item 81 the addition of ice-shelf melting as lateral inflow (parameterisation) or 60 \item the addition of river runoffs as surface freshwater fluxes or lateral inflow (\np[=.true.]{ln_rnf}{ln\_rnf}), 61 \item the addition of ice-shelf melting as lateral inflow (parameterisation) or 82 62 as fluxes applied at the land-ice ocean interface (\np[=.true.]{ln_isf}{ln\_isf}), 83 \item 84 the addition of a freshwater flux adjustment in order to avoid a mean sea-level drift 63 \item the addition of a freshwater flux adjustment in order to avoid a mean sea-level drift 85 64 (\np[=0..2]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}), 86 \item 87 the transformation of the solar radiation (if provided as daily mean) into an analytical diurnal cycle 65 \item the transformation of the solar radiation (if provided as daily mean) into an analytical diurnal cycle 88 66 (\np[=.true.]{ln_dm2dc}{ln\_dm2dc}), 89 \item 90 the activation of wave effects from an external wave model (\np[=.true.]{ln_wave}{ln\_wave}), 91 \item 92 a neutral drag coefficient is read from an external wave model (\np[=.true.]{ln_cdgw}{ln\_cdgw}), 93 \item 94 the Stokes drift from an external wave model is accounted for (\np[=.true.]{ln_sdw}{ln\_sdw}), 95 \item 96 the choice of the Stokes drift profile parameterization (\np[=0..2]{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift}), 97 \item 98 the surface stress given to the ocean is modified by surface waves (\np[=.true.]{ln_tauwoc}{ln\_tauwoc}), 99 \item 100 the surface stress given to the ocean is read from an external wave model (\np[=.true.]{ln_tauw}{ln\_tauw}), 101 \item 102 the Stokes-Coriolis term is included (\np[=.true.]{ln_stcor}{ln\_stcor}), 103 \item 104 the light penetration in the ocean (\np[=.true.]{ln_traqsr}{ln\_traqsr} with namelist \nam{tra_qsr}{tra\_qsr}), 105 \item 106 the atmospheric surface pressure gradient effect on ocean and ice dynamics (\np[=.true.]{ln_apr_dyn}{ln\_apr\_dyn} with namelist \nam{sbc_apr}{sbc\_apr}), 107 \item 108 the effect of sea-ice pressure on the ocean (\np[=.true.]{ln_ice_embd}{ln\_ice\_embd}). 67 \item the activation of wave effects from an external wave model (\np[=.true.]{ln_wave}{ln\_wave}), 68 \item a neutral drag coefficient is read from an external wave model (\np[=.true.]{ln_cdgw}{ln\_cdgw}), 69 \item the Stokes drift from an external wave model is accounted for (\np[=.true.]{ln_sdw}{ln\_sdw}), 70 \item the choice of the Stokes drift profile parameterization (\np[=0..2]{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift}), 71 \item the surface stress given to the ocean is modified by surface waves (\np[=.true.]{ln_tauwoc}{ln\_tauwoc}), 72 \item the surface stress given to the ocean is read from an external wave model (\np[=.true.]{ln_tauw}{ln\_tauw}), 73 \item the Stokes-Coriolis term is included (\np[=.true.]{ln_stcor}{ln\_stcor}), 74 \item the light penetration in the ocean (\np[=.true.]{ln_traqsr}{ln\_traqsr} with namelist \nam{tra_qsr}{tra\_qsr}), 75 \item the atmospheric surface pressure gradient effect on ocean and ice dynamics (\np[=.true.]{ln_apr_dyn}{ln\_apr\_dyn} with namelist \nam{sbc_apr}{sbc\_apr}), 76 \item the effect of sea-ice pressure on the ocean (\np[=.true.]{ln_ice_embd}{ln\_ice\_embd}). 109 77 \end{itemize} 110 78 … … 119 87 which provides additional sources of fresh water. 120 88 121 122 123 % ================================================================124 % Surface boundary condition for the ocean125 % ================================================================126 89 \section{Surface boundary condition for the ocean} 127 90 \label{sec:SBC_ocean} … … 155 118 $(ii)$ it changes the surface temperature and salinity through the heat and salt contents of 156 119 the mass exchanged with atmosphere, sea-ice and ice shelves. 157 158 120 159 121 %\colorbox{yellow}{Miss: } … … 185 147 these averaged fields are used to compute the surface fluxes at the frequency of \np{nn_fsbc}{nn\_fsbc} time-steps. 186 148 187 188 149 %-------------------------------------------------TABLE--------------------------------------------------- 189 150 \begin{table}[tb] … … 210 171 %\colorbox{yellow}{Penser a} mettre dans le restant l'info nn\_fsbc ET nn\_fsbc*rdt de sorte de reinitialiser la moyenne si on change la frequence ou le pdt 211 172 212 213 214 % ================================================================215 % Input Data216 % ================================================================217 173 \section{Input data generic interface} 218 174 \label{sec:SBC_input} … … 223 179 The module is designed with four main objectives in mind: 224 180 \begin{enumerate} 225 \item 226 optionally provide a time interpolation of the input data every specified model time-step, whatever their input frequency is, 181 \item optionally provide a time interpolation of the input data every specified model time-step, whatever their input frequency is, 227 182 and according to the different calendars available in the model. 228 \item 229 optionally provide an on-the-fly space interpolation from the native input data grid to the model grid. 230 \item 231 make the run duration independent from the period cover by the input files. 232 \item 233 provide a simple user interface and a rather simple developer interface by 183 \item optionally provide an on-the-fly space interpolation from the native input data grid to the model grid. 184 \item make the run duration independent from the period cover by the input files. 185 \item provide a simple user interface and a rather simple developer interface by 234 186 limiting the number of prerequisite informations. 235 187 \end{enumerate} … … 251 203 By default, the data are assumed to be in the same directory as the executable, so that cn\_dir='./'. 252 204 253 254 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------255 % Input Data specification (\mdl{fldread})256 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------257 205 \subsection[Input data specification (\textit{fldread.F90})]{Input data specification (\protect\mdl{fldread})} 258 206 \label{subsec:SBC_fldread} … … 265 213 where 266 214 \begin{description} 267 \item [File name]:215 \item [File name]: 268 216 the stem name of the NetCDF file to be opened. 269 217 This stem will be completed automatically by the model, with the addition of a '.nc' at its end and … … 301 249 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 302 250 303 304 \item[Record frequency]: 251 \item [Record frequency]: 305 252 the frequency of the records contained in the input file. 306 253 Its unit is in hours if it is positive (for example 24 for daily forcing) or in months if negative … … 309 256 On some computers, setting it to '24.' can be interpreted as 240! 310 257 311 \item [Variable name]:258 \item [Variable name]: 312 259 the name of the variable to be read in the input NetCDF file. 313 260 314 \item [Time interpolation]:261 \item [Time interpolation]: 315 262 a logical to activate, or not, the time interpolation. 316 263 If set to 'false', the forcing will have a steplike shape remaining constant during each forcing period. … … 322 269 linear interpolation will be performed between mid-day of two consecutive days. 323 270 324 \item [Climatological forcing]:271 \item [Climatological forcing]: 325 272 a logical to specify if a input file contains climatological forcing which can be cycle in time, 326 273 or an interannual forcing which will requires additional files if … … 328 275 See the above file naming strategy which impacts the expected name of the file to be opened. 329 276 330 \item [Open/close frequency]:277 \item [Open/close frequency]: 331 278 the frequency at which forcing files must be opened/closed. 332 279 Four cases are coded: … … 337 284 the experiment is not starting at the beginning of the year. 338 285 339 \item [Others]:286 \item [Others]: 340 287 'weights filename', 'pairing rotation' and 'land/sea mask' are associated with 341 288 on-the-fly interpolation which is described in \autoref{subsec:SBC_iof}. … … 378 325 a useful feature for user considering that it is too heavy to manipulate the complete file for year Y-1. 379 326 380 381 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------382 % Interpolation on the Fly383 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------384 327 \subsection{Interpolation on-the-fly} 385 328 \label{subsec:SBC_iof} … … 404 347 Note that nn\_lsm=0 forces the code to not apply the procedure, even if a land/sea mask file is supplied. 405 348 406 407 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------408 % Bilinear interpolation409 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------410 349 \subsubsection{Bilinear interpolation} 411 350 \label{subsec:SBC_iof_bilinear} … … 429 368 and wgt(1) corresponds to variable "wgt01" for example. 430 369 431 432 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------433 % Bicubic interpolation434 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------435 370 \subsubsection{Bicubic interpolation} 436 371 \label{subsec:SBC_iof_bicubic} … … 451 386 the spatial dependency has been included into the weights. 452 387 453 454 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------455 % Implementation456 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------457 388 \subsubsection{Implementation} 458 389 \label{subsec:SBC_iof_imp} … … 490 421 or is a copy of one from the first few columns on the opposite side of the grid (cyclical case). 491 422 492 493 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------494 % Limitations495 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------496 423 \subsubsection{Limitations} 497 424 \label{subsec:SBC_iof_lim} 498 425 499 426 \begin{enumerate} 500 \item 501 The case where input data grids are not logically rectangular (irregular grid case) has not been tested. 502 \item 503 This code is not guaranteed to produce positive definite answers from positive definite inputs when 427 \item The case where input data grids are not logically rectangular (irregular grid case) has not been tested. 428 \item This code is not guaranteed to produce positive definite answers from positive definite inputs when 504 429 a bicubic interpolation method is used. 505 \item 506 The cyclic condition is only applied on left and right columns, and not to top and bottom rows. 507 \item 508 The gradients across the ends of a cyclical grid assume that the grid spacing between 430 \item The cyclic condition is only applied on left and right columns, and not to top and bottom rows. 431 \item The gradients across the ends of a cyclical grid assume that the grid spacing between 509 432 the two columns involved are consistent with the weights used. 510 \item 511 Neither interpolation scheme is conservative. (There is a conservative scheme available in SCRIP, 433 \item Neither interpolation scheme is conservative. (There is a conservative scheme available in SCRIP, 512 434 but this has not been implemented.) 513 435 \end{enumerate} … … 520 442 (see the directory NEMOGCM/TOOLS/WEIGHTS). 521 443 522 523 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------524 % Standalone Surface Boundary Condition Scheme525 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------526 444 \subsection{Standalone surface boundary condition scheme (SAS)} 527 445 \label{subsec:SBC_SAS} … … 541 459 542 460 \begin{itemize} 543 \item 544 Multiple runs of the model are required in code development to 461 \item Multiple runs of the model are required in code development to 545 462 see the effect of different algorithms in the bulk formulae. 546 \item 547 The effect of different parameter sets in the ice model is to be examined. 548 \item 549 Development of sea-ice algorithms or parameterizations. 550 \item 551 Spinup of the iceberg floats 552 \item 553 Ocean/sea-ice simulation with both models running in parallel (\np[=.true.]{ln_mixcpl}{ln\_mixcpl}) 463 \item The effect of different parameter sets in the ice model is to be examined. 464 \item Development of sea-ice algorithms or parameterizations. 465 \item Spinup of the iceberg floats 466 \item Ocean/sea-ice simulation with both models running in parallel (\np[=.true.]{ln_mixcpl}{ln\_mixcpl}) 554 467 \end{itemize} 555 468 … … 562 475 563 476 \begin{itemize} 564 \item 565 \mdl{nemogcm}: 477 \item \mdl{nemogcm}: 566 478 This routine initialises the rest of the model and repeatedly calls the stp time stepping routine (\mdl{step}). 567 479 Since the ocean state is not calculated all associated initialisations have been removed. 568 \item 569 \mdl{step}: 480 \item \mdl{step}: 570 481 The main time stepping routine now only needs to call the sbc routine (and a few utility functions). 571 \item 572 \mdl{sbcmod}: 482 \item \mdl{sbcmod}: 573 483 This has been cut down and now only calculates surface forcing and the ice model required. 574 484 New surface modules that can function when only the surface level of the ocean state is defined can also be added 575 485 (\eg\ icebergs). 576 \item 577 \mdl{daymod}: 486 \item \mdl{daymod}: 578 487 No ocean restarts are read or written (though the ice model restarts are retained), 579 488 so calls to restart functions have been removed. 580 489 This also means that the calendar cannot be controlled by time in a restart file, 581 490 so the user must check that nn\_date0 in the model namelist is correct for his or her purposes. 582 \item 583 \mdl{stpctl}: 491 \item \mdl{stpctl}: 584 492 Since there is no free surface solver, references to it have been removed from \rou{stp\_ctl} module. 585 \item 586 \mdl{diawri}: 493 \item \mdl{diawri}: 587 494 All 3D data have been removed from the output. 588 495 The surface temperature, salinity and velocity components (which have been read in) are written along with … … 593 500 594 501 \begin{itemize} 595 \item 596 \mdl{sbcsas}: 502 \item \mdl{sbcsas}: 597 503 This module initialises the input files needed for reading temperature, salinity and 598 504 velocity arrays at the surface. … … 604 510 \end{itemize} 605 511 606 607 512 The user can also choose in the \nam{sbc_sas}{sbc\_sas} namelist to read the mean (nn\_fsbc time-step) fraction of solar net radiation absorbed in the 1st T level using 608 513 (\np[=.true.]{ln_flx}{ln\_flx}) and to provide 3D oceanic velocities instead of 2D ones (\np{ln_flx}{ln\_flx}\forcode{=.true.}). In that last case, only the 1st level will be read in. 609 514 610 611 612 % ================================================================613 % Flux formulation614 % ================================================================615 515 \section[Flux formulation (\textit{sbcflx.F90})]{Flux formulation (\protect\mdl{sbcflx})} 616 516 \label{sec:SBC_flx} … … 634 534 See \autoref{subsec:SBC_ssr} for its specification. 635 535 636 637 638 % ================================================================639 % Bulk formulation640 % ================================================================641 536 \section[Bulk formulation (\textit{sbcblk.F90})]{Bulk formulation (\protect\mdl{sbcblk})} 642 537 \label{sec:SBC_blk} … … 720 615 the namsbc\_blk namelist (see \autoref{subsec:SBC_fldread}). 721 616 722 723 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------724 % Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae725 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------726 617 \subsection[Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae (\textit{sbcblk\_algo\_coare.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p5.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_ecmwf.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_ncar.F90})]{Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae (\mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_coare}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p5}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_ecmwf}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_ncar})} 727 618 \label{subsec:SBC_blk_ocean} … … 731 622 their neutral transfer coefficients relationships with neutral wind. 732 623 \begin{itemize} 733 \item 734 NCAR (\np[=.true.]{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}): 624 \item NCAR (\np[=.true.]{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}): 735 625 The NCAR bulk formulae have been developed by \citet{large.yeager_rpt04}. 736 626 They have been designed to handle the NCAR forcing, a mixture of NCEP reanalysis and satellite data. … … 741 631 Note that substituting ERA40 to NCEP reanalysis fields does not require changes in the bulk formulea themself. 742 632 This is the so-called DRAKKAR Forcing Set (DFS) \citep{brodeau.barnier.ea_OM10}. 743 \item 744 COARE 3.0 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p0}{ln\_COARE\_3p0}): 633 \item COARE 3.0 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p0}{ln\_COARE\_3p0}): 745 634 See \citet{fairall.bradley.ea_JC03} for more details 746 \item 747 COARE 3.5 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p5}{ln\_COARE\_3p5}): 635 \item COARE 3.5 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p5}{ln\_COARE\_3p5}): 748 636 See \citet{edson.jampana.ea_JPO13} for more details 749 \item 750 ECMWF (\np[=.true.]{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF}): 637 \item ECMWF (\np[=.true.]{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF}): 751 638 Based on \href{https://www.ecmwf.int/node/9221}{IFS (Cy31)} implementation and documentation. 752 639 Surface roughness lengths needed for the Obukhov length are computed following \citet{beljaars_QJRMS95}. 753 640 \end{itemize} 754 641 755 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------756 % Ice-Atmosphere Bulk formulae757 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------758 642 \subsection{Ice-Atmosphere Bulk formulae} 759 643 \label{subsec:SBC_blk_ice} … … 762 646 763 647 \begin{itemize} 764 \item 765 Constant value (\np[ Cd_ice=1.4e-3 ]{constant value}{constant\ value}): 648 \item Constant value (\np[ Cd_ice=1.4e-3 ]{constant value}{constant\ value}): 766 649 default constant value used for momentum and heat neutral transfer coefficients 767 \item 768 \citet{lupkes.gryanik.ea_JGR12} (\np[=.true.]{ln_Cd_L12}{ln\_Cd\_L12}): 650 \item \citet{lupkes.gryanik.ea_JGR12} (\np[=.true.]{ln_Cd_L12}{ln\_Cd\_L12}): 769 651 This scheme adds a dependency on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows 770 652 of the constant neutral air-ice drag. After some approximations, … … 773 655 starting at 1.5e-3 for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A=0.5 and going down 1.4e-3 for A=1. 774 656 It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ). 775 \item 776 \citet{lupkes.gryanik_JGR15} (\np[=.true.]{ln_Cd_L15}{ln\_Cd\_L15}): 657 \item \citet{lupkes.gryanik_JGR15} (\np[=.true.]{ln_Cd_L15}{ln\_Cd\_L15}): 777 658 Alternative turbulent transfer coefficients formulation between sea-ice 778 659 and atmosphere with distinct momentum and heat coefficients depending … … 784 665 \end{itemize} 785 666 786 787 788 % ================================================================789 % Coupled formulation790 % ================================================================791 667 \section[Coupled formulation (\textit{sbccpl.F90})]{Coupled formulation (\protect\mdl{sbccpl})} 792 668 \label{sec:SBC_cpl} … … 826 702 In cases where this is definitely not possible, the model should abort with an error message. 827 703 828 829 830 % ================================================================831 % Atmospheric pressure832 % ================================================================833 704 \section[Atmospheric pressure (\textit{sbcapr.F90})]{Atmospheric pressure (\protect\mdl{sbcapr})} 834 705 \label{sec:SBC_apr} … … 868 739 \np{ln_apr_obc}{ln\_apr\_obc} might be set to true. 869 740 870 871 872 % ================================================================873 % Surface Tides Forcing874 % ================================================================875 741 \section[Surface tides (\textit{sbctide.F90})]{Surface tides (\protect\mdl{sbctide})} 876 742 \label{sec:SBC_tide} … … 925 791 \forcode{.false.} removes the SAL contribution. 926 792 927 928 929 % ================================================================930 % River runoffs931 % ================================================================932 793 \section[River runoffs (\textit{sbcrnf.F90})]{River runoffs (\protect\mdl{sbcrnf})} 933 794 \label{sec:SBC_rnf} … … 950 811 %required to properly represent the diurnal cycle \citep{bernie.woolnough.ea_JC05}. see also \autoref{fig:SBC_dcy}.}. 951 812 952 953 813 %To do this we need to treat evaporation/precipitation fluxes and river runoff differently in the 954 814 %\mdl{tra\_sbc} module. We decided to separate them throughout the code, so that the variable … … 957 817 %emp). This meant many uses of emp and emps needed to be changed, a list of all modules which use 958 818 %emp or emps and the changes made are below: 959 960 819 961 820 %Rachel: … … 1035 894 as the ocean water leaving the domain removes heat and salt (at the same concentration) with it. 1036 895 1037 1038 896 %\colorbox{yellow}{Nevertheless, Pb of vertical resolution and 3D input : increase vertical mixing near river mouths to mimic a 3D river 1039 897 … … 1055 913 %To do this we need to treat evaporation/precipitation fluxes and river runoff differently in the tra_sbc module. We decided to separate them throughout the code, so that the variable emp represented solely evaporation minus precipitation fluxes, and a new 2d variable rnf was added which represents the volume flux of river runoff (in kg/m2s to remain consistent with emp). This meant many uses of emp and emps needed to be changed, a list of all modules which use emp or emps and the changes made are below: 1056 914 1057 1058 1059 % ================================================================1060 % Ice shelf melting1061 % ================================================================1062 915 \section[Ice shelf melting (\textit{sbcisf.F90})]{Ice shelf melting (\protect\mdl{sbcisf})} 1063 916 \label{sec:SBC_isf} … … 1077 930 \begin{description} 1078 931 1079 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]:932 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]: 1080 933 The ice shelf cavity is represented (\np[=.true.]{ln_isfcav}{ln\_isfcav} needed). 1081 934 The fwf and heat flux are depending of the local water properties. … … 1084 937 1085 938 \begin{description} 1086 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_isfblk}{nn\_isfblk}}]:939 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_isfblk}{nn\_isfblk}}]: 1087 940 The melt rate is based on a balance between the upward ocean heat flux and 1088 941 the latent heat flux at the ice shelf base. A complete description is available in \citet{hunter_rpt06}. 1089 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_isfblk}{nn\_isfblk}}]:942 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_isfblk}{nn\_isfblk}}]: 1090 943 The melt rate and the heat flux are based on a 3 equations formulation 1091 944 (a heat flux budget at the ice base, a salt flux budget at the ice base and a linearised freezing point temperature equation). … … 1104 957 There are 3 different ways to compute the exchange coeficient: 1105 958 \begin{description} 1106 \item [{\np[=0]{nn_gammablk}{nn\_gammablk}}]:959 \item [{\np[=0]{nn_gammablk}{nn\_gammablk}}]: 1107 960 The salt and heat exchange coefficients are constant and defined by \np{rn_gammas0}{rn\_gammas0} and \np{rn_gammat0}{rn\_gammat0}. 1108 961 \begin{gather*} … … 1112 965 \end{gather*} 1113 966 This is the recommended formulation for ISOMIP. 1114 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_gammablk}{nn\_gammablk}}]:967 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_gammablk}{nn\_gammablk}}]: 1115 968 The salt and heat exchange coefficients are velocity dependent and defined as 1116 969 \begin{gather*} … … 1120 973 where $u_{*}$ is the friction velocity in the top boundary layer (ie first \np{rn_hisf_tbl}{rn\_hisf\_tbl} meters). 1121 974 See \citet{jenkins.nicholls.ea_JPO10} for all the details on this formulation. It is the recommended formulation for realistic application. 1122 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_gammablk}{nn\_gammablk}}]:975 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_gammablk}{nn\_gammablk}}]: 1123 976 The salt and heat exchange coefficients are velocity and stability dependent and defined as: 1124 977 \[ … … 1131 984 This formulation has not been extensively tested in \NEMO\ (not recommended). 1132 985 \end{description} 1133 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]:986 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]: 1134 987 The ice shelf cavity is not represented. 1135 988 The fwf and heat flux are computed using the \citet{beckmann.goosse_OM03} parameterisation of isf melting. … … 1138 991 (\np{sn_depmin_isf}{sn\_depmin\_isf}) as in (\np[=3]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}). 1139 992 The effective melting length (\np{sn_Leff_isf}{sn\_Leff\_isf}) is read from a file. 1140 \item [{\np[=3]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]:993 \item [{\np[=3]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]: 1141 994 The ice shelf cavity is not represented. 1142 995 The fwf (\np{sn_rnfisf}{sn\_rnfisf}) is prescribed and distributed along the ice shelf edge between … … 1144 997 the base of the ice shelf along the calving front (\np{sn_depmin_isf}{sn\_depmin\_isf}). 1145 998 The heat flux ($Q_h$) is computed as $Q_h = fwf \times L_f$. 1146 \item [{\np[=4]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]:999 \item [{\np[=4]{nn_isf}{nn\_isf}}]: 1147 1000 The ice shelf cavity is opened (\np[=.true.]{ln_isfcav}{ln\_isfcav} needed). 1148 1001 However, the fwf is not computed but specified from file \np{sn_fwfisf}{sn\_fwfisf}). … … 1167 1020 See the runoff section \autoref{sec:SBC_rnf} for all the details about the divergence correction.\\ 1168 1021 1169 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1170 1022 \begin{figure}[!t] 1171 1023 \centering … … 1176 1028 \label{fig:SBC_isf} 1177 1029 \end{figure} 1178 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1179 1180 1181 1182 % ================================================================ 1183 % Ice sheet coupling 1184 % ================================================================ 1030 1185 1031 \section{Ice sheet coupling} 1186 1032 \label{sec:SBC_iscpl} … … 1198 1044 1199 1045 \begin{description} 1200 \item [Step 1]: the ice sheet model send a new bathymetry and ice shelf draft netcdf file.1201 \item [Step 2]: a new domcfg.nc file is built using the DOMAINcfg tools.1202 \item [Step 3]: \NEMO\ run for a specific period and output the average melt rate over the period.1203 \item [Step 4]: the ice sheet model run using the melt rate outputed in step 4.1204 \item [Step 5]: go back to 1.1046 \item [Step 1]: the ice sheet model send a new bathymetry and ice shelf draft netcdf file. 1047 \item [Step 2]: a new domcfg.nc file is built using the DOMAINcfg tools. 1048 \item [Step 3]: \NEMO\ run for a specific period and output the average melt rate over the period. 1049 \item [Step 4]: the ice sheet model run using the melt rate outputed in step 4. 1050 \item [Step 5]: go back to 1. 1205 1051 \end{description} 1206 1052 … … 1210 1056 1211 1057 \begin{description} 1212 \item [Thin a cell down]:1058 \item [Thin a cell down]: 1213 1059 T/S/ssh are unchanged and U/V in the top cell are corrected to keep the barotropic transport (bt) constant 1214 1060 ($bt_b=bt_n$). 1215 \item [Enlarge a cell]:1061 \item [Enlarge a cell]: 1216 1062 See case "Thin a cell down" 1217 \item [Dry a cell]:1063 \item [Dry a cell]: 1218 1064 mask, T/S, U/V and ssh are set to 0. 1219 1065 Furthermore, U/V into the water column are modified to satisfy ($bt_b=bt_n$). 1220 \item [Wet a cell]:1066 \item [Wet a cell]: 1221 1067 mask is set to 1, T/S is extrapolated from neighbours, $ssh_n = ssh_b$ and U/V set to 0. 1222 1068 If no neighbours, T/S is extrapolated from old top cell value. 1223 1069 If no neighbours along i,j and k (both previous test failed), T/S/U/V/ssh and mask are set to 0. 1224 \item [Dry a column]:1070 \item [Dry a column]: 1225 1071 mask, T/S, U/V are set to 0 everywhere in the column and ssh set to 0. 1226 \item [Wet a column]:1072 \item [Wet a column]: 1227 1073 set mask to 1, T/S is extrapolated from neighbours, ssh is extrapolated from neighbours and U/V set to 0. 1228 1074 If no neighbour, T/S/U/V and mask set to 0. … … 1247 1093 The corrective increment is apply into the cell itself (if it is a wet cell), the neigbouring cells or the closest wet cell (if the cell is now dry). 1248 1094 1249 1250 1251 % ================================================================1252 % Handling of icebergs1253 % ================================================================1254 1095 \section{Handling of icebergs (ICB)} 1255 1096 \label{sec:SBC_ICB_icebergs} … … 1275 1116 Two initialisation schemes are possible. 1276 1117 \begin{description} 1277 \item [{\np{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs}~$>$~0}]1118 \item [{\np{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs}~$>$~0}] 1278 1119 In this scheme, the value of \np{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs} represents the class of iceberg to generate 1279 1120 (so between 1 and 10), and \np{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs} provides a lon/lat box in the domain at each grid point of … … 1282 1123 \np{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs} is defined by four numbers in \np{nn_test_box}{nn\_test\_box} representing the corners of 1283 1124 the geographical box: lonmin,lonmax,latmin,latmax 1284 \item [{\np[=-1]{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs}}]1125 \item [{\np[=-1]{nn_test_icebergs}{nn\_test\_icebergs}}] 1285 1126 In this scheme, the model reads a calving file supplied in the \np{sn_icb}{sn\_icb} parameter. 1286 1127 This should be a file with a field on the configuration grid (typically ORCA) … … 1307 1148 The amount of information is controlled by two integer parameters: 1308 1149 \begin{description} 1309 \item [{\np{nn_verbose_level}{nn\_verbose\_level}}] takes a value between one and four and1150 \item [{\np{nn_verbose_level}{nn\_verbose\_level}}] takes a value between one and four and 1310 1151 represents an increasing number of points in the code at which variables are written, 1311 1152 and an increasing level of obscurity. 1312 \item [{\np{nn_verbose_write}{nn\_verbose\_write}}] is the number of timesteps between writes1153 \item [{\np{nn_verbose_write}{nn\_verbose\_write}}] is the number of timesteps between writes 1313 1154 \end{description} 1314 1155 … … 1321 1162 since its trajectory data may be spread across multiple files. 1322 1163 1323 1324 1325 % =============================================================================================================1326 % Interactions with waves (sbcwave.F90, ln_wave)1327 % =============================================================================================================1328 1164 \section[Interactions with waves (\textit{sbcwave.F90}, \forcode{ln_wave})]{Interactions with waves (\protect\mdl{sbcwave}, \protect\np{ln_wave}{ln\_wave})} 1329 1165 \label{sec:SBC_wave} … … 1349 1185 Wave fields can be provided either in forced or coupled mode: 1350 1186 \begin{description} 1351 \item [forced mode]: wave fields should be defined through the \nam{sbc_wave}{sbc\_wave} namelist1187 \item [forced mode]: wave fields should be defined through the \nam{sbc_wave}{sbc\_wave} namelist 1352 1188 for external data names, locations, frequency, interpolation and all the miscellanous options allowed by 1353 1189 Input Data generic Interface (see \autoref{sec:SBC_input}). 1354 \item [coupled mode]: \NEMO\ and an external wave model can be coupled by setting \np[=.true.]{ln_cpl}{ln\_cpl}1190 \item [coupled mode]: \NEMO\ and an external wave model can be coupled by setting \np[=.true.]{ln_cpl}{ln\_cpl} 1355 1191 in \nam{sbc}{sbc} namelist and filling the \nam{sbc_cpl}{sbc\_cpl} namelist. 1356 1192 \end{description} 1357 1358 1193 1359 1194 % ---------------------------------------------------------------- … … 1369 1204 the drag coefficient is computed according to the stable/unstable conditions of the 1370 1205 air-sea interface following \citet{large.yeager_rpt04}. 1371 1372 1206 1373 1207 % ---------------------------------------------------------------- … … 1409 1243 1410 1244 \begin{description} 1411 \item [{\np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 0}]: exponential integral profile parameterization proposed by1245 \item [{\np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 0}]: exponential integral profile parameterization proposed by 1412 1246 \citet{breivik.janssen.ea_JPO14}: 1413 1247 … … 1428 1262 where $H_s$ is the significant wave height and $\omega$ is the wave frequency. 1429 1263 1430 \item [{\np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 1}]: velocity profile based on the Phillips spectrum which is considered to be a1264 \item [{\np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 1}]: velocity profile based on the Phillips spectrum which is considered to be a 1431 1265 reasonable estimate of the part of the spectrum mostly contributing to the Stokes drift velocity near the surface 1432 1266 \citep{breivik.bidlot.ea_OM16}: … … 1440 1274 where $erf$ is the complementary error function and $k_p$ is the peak wavenumber. 1441 1275 1442 \item [{\np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 2}]: velocity profile based on the Phillips spectrum as for \np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 11276 \item [{\np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 2}]: velocity profile based on the Phillips spectrum as for \np{nn_sdrift}{nn\_sdrift} = 1 1443 1277 but using the wave frequency from a wave model. 1444 1278 … … 1465 1299 - (\mathbf{U} + \mathbf{U}_{st}) \cdot \nabla{c} 1466 1300 \] 1467 1468 1301 1469 1302 % ---------------------------------------------------------------- … … 1479 1312 approximations described in \autoref{subsec:SBC_wave_sdw}), 1480 1313 \np[=.true.]{ln_stcor}{ln\_stcor} has to be set. 1481 1482 1314 1483 1315 % ---------------------------------------------------------------- … … 1521 1353 meridional stress components by setting \np[=.true.]{ln_tauw}{ln\_tauw}. 1522 1354 1523 1524 1525 % ================================================================1526 % Miscellanea options1527 % ================================================================1528 1355 \section{Miscellaneous options} 1529 1356 \label{sec:SBC_misc} 1530 1357 1531 1532 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1533 % Diurnal cycle1534 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1535 1358 \subsection[Diurnal cycle (\textit{sbcdcy.F90})]{Diurnal cycle (\protect\mdl{sbcdcy})} 1536 1359 \label{subsec:SBC_dcy} … … 1540 1363 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1541 1364 1542 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1543 1365 \begin{figure}[!t] 1544 1366 \centering … … 1553 1375 \label{fig:SBC_diurnal} 1554 1376 \end{figure} 1555 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1556 1377 1557 1378 \cite{bernie.woolnough.ea_JC05} have shown that to capture 90$\%$ of the diurnal variability of SST requires a vertical resolution in upper ocean of 1~m or better and a temporal resolution of the surface fluxes of 3~h or less. … … 1576 1397 one every 2~hours (from 1am to 11pm). 1577 1398 1578 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1579 1399 \begin{figure}[!t] 1580 1400 \centering … … 1586 1406 \label{fig:SBC_dcy} 1587 1407 \end{figure} 1588 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1589 1408 1590 1409 Note also that the setting a diurnal cycle in SWF is highly recommended when … … 1592 1411 an inconsistency between the scale of the vertical resolution and the forcing acting on that scale. 1593 1412 1594 1595 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1596 % Rotation of vector pairs onto the model grid directions1597 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1598 1413 \subsection{Rotation of vector pairs onto the model grid directions} 1599 1414 \label{subsec:SBC_rotation} … … 1612 1427 The rot\_rep routine from the \mdl{geo2ocean} module is used to perform the rotation. 1613 1428 1614 1615 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1616 % Surface restoring to observed SST and/or SSS1617 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1618 1429 \subsection[Surface restoring to observed SST and/or SSS (\textit{sbcssr.F90})]{Surface restoring to observed SST and/or SSS (\protect\mdl{sbcssr})} 1619 1430 \label{subsec:SBC_ssr} … … 1660 1471 reduce the uncertainties we have on the observed freshwater budget. 1661 1472 1662 1663 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1664 % Handling of ice-covered area1665 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1666 1473 \subsection{Handling of ice-covered area (\textit{sbcice\_...})} 1667 1474 \label{subsec:SBC_ice-cover} … … 1671 1478 the value of the \np{nn_ice}{nn\_ice} namelist parameter found in \nam{sbc}{sbc} namelist. 1672 1479 \begin{description} 1673 \item [nn\_ice = 0]1480 \item [nn\_ice = 0] 1674 1481 there will never be sea-ice in the computational domain. 1675 1482 This is a typical namelist value used for tropical ocean domain. 1676 1483 The surface fluxes are simply specified for an ice-free ocean. 1677 1484 No specific things is done for sea-ice. 1678 \item [nn\_ice = 1]1485 \item [nn\_ice = 1] 1679 1486 sea-ice can exist in the computational domain, but no sea-ice model is used. 1680 1487 An observed ice covered area is read in a file. … … 1688 1495 is usually referred as the \textit{ice-if} model. 1689 1496 It can be found in the \mdl{sbcice\_if} module. 1690 \item [nn\_ice = 2 or more]1497 \item [nn\_ice = 2 or more] 1691 1498 A full sea ice model is used. 1692 1499 This model computes the ice-ocean fluxes, … … 1701 1508 %GS: ocean-ice (SI3) interface is not located in SBC directory anymore, so it should be included in SI3 doc 1702 1509 1703 1704 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1705 % CICE-ocean Interface1706 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1707 1510 \subsection[Interface to CICE (\textit{sbcice\_cice.F90})]{Interface to CICE (\protect\mdl{sbcice\_cice})} 1708 1511 \label{subsec:SBC_cice} … … 1735 1538 there is no sea ice. 1736 1539 1737 1738 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1739 % Freshwater budget control1740 % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1741 1540 \subsection[Freshwater budget control (\textit{sbcfwb.F90})]{Freshwater budget control (\protect\mdl{sbcfwb})} 1742 1541 \label{subsec:SBC_fwb} … … 1747 1546 1748 1547 \begin{description} 1749 \item [{\np[=0]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}}]1548 \item [{\np[=0]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}}] 1750 1549 no control at all. 1751 1550 The mean sea level is free to drift, and will certainly do so. 1752 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}}]1551 \item [{\np[=1]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}}] 1753 1552 global mean \textit{emp} set to zero at each model time step. 1754 1553 %GS: comment below still relevant ? 1755 1554 %Note that with a sea-ice model, this technique only controls the mean sea level with linear free surface and no mass flux between ocean and ice (as it is implemented in the current ice-ocean coupling). 1756 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}}]1555 \item [{\np[=2]{nn_fwb}{nn\_fwb}}] 1757 1556 freshwater budget is adjusted from the previous year annual mean budget which 1758 1557 is read in the \textit{EMPave\_old.dat} file.
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