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ticket/0665_mass_heat_salt_fluxes – NEMO
wiki:ticket/0665_mass_heat_salt_fluxes

Version 20 (modified by gm, 14 years ago) (diff)

--

Last edited Timestamp?


Author : Gurvan Madec, Yevgeny Aksenov, Matthieu Leclair

ticket : #665

Branch : DEV_r1837_mass_heat_salt_fluxes


useful commands

* check out of NEMO directory:
svn co svn+ssh://gm@forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/ipsl/forge/projets/nemo/svn/branches/DEV_r1837_mass_heat_salt_fluxes/NEMO

* commit :
svn ci  -m  "ticket:#665  blah_blah"    list_of_file

Description

Revisit the formulation of the fluxes between ocean, ice and atmosphere : an exchange of water (mass exchange) is now explicitly associated with an exchange of heat and salt content. This modification simplifies the implementation of a fully embedded sea-ice.

This update is the NOCS.4 task (Revisit of mass and salt fluxes) due by 2nd July 2010

The main modifications concern OPA, LIM2 and LIM3. They are:

(0) stylistic modification

style changes only have been put in revision 1855.

Nevertheless we have return back to the original revision 1850 from which we start from the trunk. The style changes we be re-added at the end of the development, after the testing phase.

The following is thus done directly from the trunk.

(1) heat content of Freezing/Melting? ice.

In both LIM2 and LIM3, the computation of the heat content of F/M ice is added. The changes exactly mirror the changes introduced at NOCS in NEMO v3.0 when implementing first the sea-ice embedment. The basic idea is to reference at rt0 all the mass exchanges between ice and ocean.

NB: since emps becomes the salt flux, it is generally zero except with the salt exchange at the ocean-ice interface and when a SSS restoring in salinity is used (not when a equivalent freshwater flux formulation is used for the SSS restoring). Therefore emps done not appear anymore in all the sbc routine,. It is only set to zero in sbc_init, set to the ice-ocean salt flux in limsbc(_2), and modified in sbcssr if SSS retoring is used.

LIM2 : the modules involved in the change are : (see also the revision 1858)

  • ice_2.F90 : add arrays to describe the heat content associated with both snow and ice mass changes and also change the name of the mass changes. Thus the following lines :
       REAL(wp), PUBLIC, DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) ::   rdqsnif       !: Variation of snow mass 
       REAL(wp), PUBLIC, DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) ::   rdqicif       !: Variation of ice  mass 
    
    becomes
       REAL(wp), PUBLIC, DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) ::   rdm_snw       !: Variation of snow mass over 1 time step           [Kg/m2]
       REAL(wp), PUBLIC, DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) ::   rdq_snw       !: heat content associated to rdm_snw                [J/m2]
       REAL(wp), PUBLIC, DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) ::   rdq_ice       !: Variation of ice  mass over 1 time step           [Kg/m2]
       REAL(wp), PUBLIC, DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) ::   rdq_ice       !: heat content associated to rdm_snw                [J/m2]
    
  • thd_ice_2.F90 : associated 1D array names (rdsnif_1d, rdmicif_1d) have been changed into (rdm_snw_1d, rdm_ice_1d) and (rdq_snw_1d, rdq_ice_1d) have been added.
  • limthd_2.F90 : introduce the new variable names, and pass the new variables (rdq_snw, rdq_ice) to the lim_thd_zdf and lim_thd_lac routines

Note 1: we suppress the change of sst_m from Celcius to Kelvin and vice versa by adding a " + rt0 " at the 2 places it is used.

Note 2: zfontn has been suppressed as the heat associated with the melting of solid precipitation is now added to qns in sbc modules (==>> TO BE DONE in SBC)

  • limthd_lac_2.F90 : introduce the new variable name (rdm_ice), and add the update of rdq_ice : the last DO loop of lim_thd_lac routine is transformed as follows :
          DO ji = kideb , kiut
             dvlbq_1d  (ji) = ( 1. - frld_1d(ji) ) * h_ice_1d(ji) - ( 1. - zfrl_old(ji) ) * zhice_old(ji)
             rdmicif_1d(ji) = rdmicif_1d(ji) + rhoic * dvlbq_1d(ji)
          END DO
    
    becomes
          DO ji = kideb , kiut
             dvlbq_1d  (ji) = ( 1. - frld_1d(ji) ) * h_ice_1d(ji) - ( 1. - zfrl_old(ji) ) * zhice_old(ji)
             rdm_ice_1d(ji) = rdm_ice_1d(ji) + rhoic * dvlbq_1d(ji)
             rdq_ice_1d(ji) = rdq_ice_1d(ji) + rcpic * dvlbq_1d(ji) * ( tfu_1d(ji) - rt0 )      ! heat content relative to rt0
          END DO
    
  • limthd_zdf_2.F90 : introduce the new variable names (rdm_snw, rdm_ice), and and add the computation/update of rdq_snw, rdq_ice :

§ " 9.1. Surface ablation and update of snow thickness and qstbif_1d ", the lines

          !--volume of snow lost after surface melting and the associated mass
          dvsbq_1d(ji) =  ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( h_snow_1d(ji) - zhsnw_old(ji) - zsprecip(ji) )
          dvsbq_1d(ji) =  MIN( zzero , dvsbq_1d(ji) )
          rdmsnif_1d(ji) =  rhosn * dvsbq_1d(ji)

becomes

          !--volume of snow lost after surface melting and the associated mass
          dvsbq_1d(ji) =  ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( h_snow_1d(ji) - zhsnw_old(ji) - zsprecip(ji) )
          dvsbq_1d(ji) =  MIN( zzero , dvsbq_1d(ji) )
          ztmp = rhosn * dvsbq_1d(ji)
          rdm_snw_1d(ji) =  ztmp
          !--heat content of the water provided to the ocean (referenced to rt0)
          rdq_snw_1d(ji) =  cpic * ztmp * ( rt0_snow - rt0 )

§ " 9.4. Case of total ablation (ice is gone but snow may be left) ", the lines :

          !---updating new ice thickness and computing the newly formed ice mass
          zhicnew   =  zihgnew * zhicnew
          rdmicif_1d(ji) =  rdmicif_1d(ji) + ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( zhicnew - h_ice_1d(ji) ) * rhoic
          !---updating new snow thickness and computing the newly formed snow mass
          zhsnfi   = zhsn + zdhsnm
          h_snow_1d(ji) = MAX( zzero , zhsnfi )
          rdmsnif_1d(ji) =  rdmsnif_1d(ji) + ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( h_snow_1d(ji) - zhsn ) * rhosn

becomes

          !---updating new ice thickness and computing the newly formed ice mass
          zhicnew   =  zihgnew * zhicnew
          ztmp    =  ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( zhicnew - h_ice_1d(ji) ) * rhoic
          rdm_ice_1d(ji) =  rdm_ice_1d(ji) + ztmp
          !---heat content of the water provided to the ocean (referenced to rt0)
          ! use of rt0_ice is OK for melting ice, in case of freezing tfu_1d should be used. This is done in 9.5 section (see below)
          rdq_ice_1d(ji) =  cpic * ztmp * ( rt0_ice - rt0 )
          !---updating new snow thickness and computing the newly formed snow mass
          zhsnfi   = zhsn + zdhsnm
          h_snow_1d(ji) = MAX( zzero , zhsnfi )
          ztmp = ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( h_snow_1d(ji) - zhsn ) * rhosn
          rdm_snw_1d(ji) = rdm_snw_1d(ji) + ztmp
          !---updating the heat content of the water provided to the ocean (referenced to rt0)
          rdq_snw_1d(ji) = rdq_snw_1d(ji) + cpic * ztmp * ( rt0_snow - rt0 )

§ " 9.5. Update internal temperature and ice thickness. ", the following lines have been added at the end :

          ! update the ice heat content given to the ocean in freezing case (part from rt0_ice to tfu_1d)
         ztmp = ( 1. - zidhb ) * rhoic * dvbbq_1d(ji)
         rdqicif_1d(ji) = rdqicif_1d(ji) + cpic * ztmp * ( tfu_1d(ji) - rt0_ice )

§ " 10. Surface accretion. ", the lines :

          !---  volume change of ice and snow (used for ocean-ice freshwater flux computation)
          rdmicif_1d(ji) = rdmicif_1d(ji) + ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) )   * ( zhicnew - h_ice_1d (ji) ) * rhoic
          rdmsnif_1d(ji) = rdmsnif_1d(ji) + ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) )   * ( zhsnnew - h_snow_1d(ji) ) * rhosn

becomes

          !---  volume change of ice and snow (used for ocean-ice freshwater flux computation)
          ztmp = ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) ) * ( zhicnew - h_ice_1d (ji) ) * rhoic
          rdm_ice_1d(ji) = rdm_ice_1d(ji) + ztmp
          rdq_ice_1d(ji) = rdq_ice_1d(ji) + cpic * ztmp * ( tfu_1d(ji) - rt0 )
!!gm BUG ??   snow ==>  only needed for nn_ice_embd == 0  (standard levitating sea-ice)
          ztmp = ( 1.0 - frld_1d(ji) )   * ( zhsnnew - h_snow_1d(ji) ) * rhosn
         rdm_snw_1d(ji) = rdm_snw_1d(ji) + ztmp
         rdq_snw_1d(ji) = rdq_snw_1d(ji) + cpic * ztmp * ( rt0_snow - rt0 )

and, at last, § " 11. Lateral ablation (Changes in sea/ice fraction) ", the lines :

          !--variation of ice volume and ice mass 
          dvlbq_1d(ji)   = zihic * ( zfrl_old(ji) - frld_1d(ji) ) * h_ice_1d(ji)
          rdmicif_1d(ji) = rdmicif_1d(ji) + dvlbq_1d(ji) * rhoic
          !--variation of snow volume and snow mass 
          zdvsnvol    = zihsn * ( zfrl_old(ji) - frld_1d(ji) ) * h_snow_1d(ji)
          rdmsnif_1d(ji) = rdmsnif_1d(ji) + zdvsnvol * rhosn

becomes

          !--variation of ice volume and ice mass 
          dvlbq_1d(ji)   = zihic * ( zfrl_old(ji) - frld_1d(ji) ) * h_ice_1d(ji)
          ztmp = dvlbq_1d(ji) * rhoic
          rdm_ice_1d(ji) = rdm_ice_1d(ji) + ztmp
!!gm
!!gm   This should be split in two parts:
!!gm         1-  heat required to bring sea-ice at tfu  : this part should be added to the heat flux taken from the ocean
!!gm                 cpic * ztmp * 0.5 * ( tbif_1d(ji,2) + tbif_1d(ji,3) - 2.* rt0_ice )
!!gm         2-  heat content of lateral ablation referenced to rt0 : this part only put in rdq_ice_1d
!!gm                 cpic * ztmp * ( rt0_ice - rt0 )
!!gm   Currently we put all the heat in rdq_ice_1d
          rdq_ice_1d(ji) = rdq_ice_1d(ji) + cpic * ztmp * 0.5 * ( tbif_1d(ji,2) + tbif_1d(ji,3) - 2.* rt0 )
          !
          !--variation of snow volume and snow mass 
          zdvsnvol = zihsn * ( zfrl_old(ji) - frld_1d(ji) ) * h_snow_1d(ji)
          ztmp     = zdvsnvol * rhosn
          rdm_snw_1d(ji) = rdm_snw_1d(ji) + ztmp
!!gm
!!gm   This should be split in two parts:
!!gm         1-  heat required to bring snow at tfu  : this part should be added to the heat flux taken from the ocean
!!gm                 cpic * ztmp * ( tbif_1d(ji,1) - rt0_snow )
!!gm         2-  heat content of lateral ablation referenced to rt0 : this part only put in rdqicif_1d
!!gm                 cpic * ztmp * ( rt0_snow - rt0 )
!!gm   Currently we put all the heat in rdqicif_1d
          rdq_snw_1d(ji) = rdq_snw_1d(ji) + cpic * ztmp * ( tbif_1d(ji,1) - rt0 )
  • phycst.F90 : style changes + :
     - update of name:    rau0r   ==>>  r1_rau0      ;      ro0cpr = r1_rau0_rcp
    
     - new variable:    xlsn = lfus * rhosn    (for lim3, already defined in lim2)  
                        lfus = xlsn / rhosn    (for lim2, already defined in lim3)
    

z1_rau0 implies changes in dynzdf_exp.F90 ; dynzdf_imp.F90 and eosbn2.F90

r1_rau0_rcp implies changes in trabbc.F90 ; traqsr.F90 and eosbn2.F90

CAUTION : there is a need to homogenize the definition of constant for sea-ice at least between LIM-2 and LIM-3. This must be coordonated with CICE variables

LIM3 : the modules involved in the change are : (see also the revision -)

==>> TO BE DONE later

(2) Non-solar flux including the heat content of mass exchanges

the definition of qns is modified as follows: the non solar part of the surface heat flux takes now also into account the heat content changes due to the change in volume associated with evaporation, precipitation, ice freezing and ice melting. This heat content is evaluated using the temperature (expressed in Celcius) of the mass of water exchanged between the different media (ocean, atmosphere and ice).

Note that the latent heat flux associated to the meltin of solid precipitation is now taken into account directly in qns in sbc... routines, instead of been added in limthd(_2) (cf. step (1))

  • ocean-atmosphere mass exchanges :

# liquid precipitation are assumed to be at the air temperature expressed in Celcius)

# solid precipitation are assumed to be at least below the the melting temperature of snow (rtt_snow) : min( Tair , rtt_snow )

# evaporation are at the SST. Note that sst_m is used. This is thus different from the former implicit value assumed for both precip and evap (use of tn in trasbc.F90)

The associated modified modules are : sbcmod.F90 ; sb

  • sbcmod.F90 : initialize emps to zero. The following lines have been added
          emps(:,:) = 0.e0                             ! the salt flux will be computed (i.e. will be non-zero) only if 
          !                                            ! sea-ice is present, or lk_vvl=F, or surface salt restoring is used.
    
  • sbcblk_core.F90 : add in qns the latent flux of solid precipitation + heat content of precip. and evap. In blk_oce_core routine, the following lines
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:)      ! Downward Non Solar flux
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          emp (:,:) = zevap(:,:) - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1)
    
    becomes
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:)      &                    ! Downward Non Solar flux
             &     - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:) * lfus                                ! including melting of solid precip
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          emp (:,:) = (  zevap(:,:)                         &                    ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
             &         - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:) * rn_pfac  ) * tmask(:,:,1)
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          qns(:,:) = qns(:,:)                                                &   ! heat content due to mass flux (T in Celcius)
             &     - zevap(:,:) * pst(ji,jj) * rcp                           &      ! evaporation at SST
             &     + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:) )       &      ! liquid precip at Tair
             &     * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:) - rt0 ) * rcp                   &   
             &     + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:)                                   &      ! solid  precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
             &     * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic 
    
  • sbcblk_clio.F90 : add in qns the latent flux of solid precipitation (only if sea-ice present, otherwise the solid precipitation are not computed) + heat content of precip. and evap. In blk_oce_clio routine, the following lines
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
    !CDIR NOVERRCHK
          DO jj = 1, jpj
    !CDIR NOVERRCHK
             DO ji = 1, jpi
                qns (ji,jj) = zqlw(ji,jj) - zqsb(ji,jj) - zqla(ji,jj)      ! Downward Non Solar flux
                emp (ji,jj) = zqla(ji,jj) / cevap - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(ji,jj) / rday * tmask(ji,jj,1)
             END DO
          END DO
          emps(:,:) = emp(:,:)
    
    becomes
          zcevap = rcp /  cevap    ! convert zqla ==> evap (Kg/m2/s) ==> m/s ==> W/m2
          zcprec = rcp /  rday     ! convert prec ( mm/day ==> m/s)  ==> W/m2
    
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:)                    ! Downward Non Solar flux
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          emp(:,:) = zqla(:,:) / cevap                                &   ! freshwater flux
             &     - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:) / rday * tmask(:,:,1)
          !                                                               ! add heat content of mass exhanges
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          qns(:,:) = qns(:,:)                                                 &
             &     - zqla(:,:)             * pst(:,:)              * zcevap   &   ! evaporation at SST in Celcius
             &     + sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:) * sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:) * zcprec       ! precipitation at Tair in Celcius
          ! NB: if sea-ice model, the snow precip are computed and the associated heat is added to qns (see blk_ice_clio)
    
    and in blk_ice_clio, add the following lines:
          ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
          !    Correct the OCEAN non solar flux with the existence of solid precipitation !
          ! ---------------=====--------------------------------------------------------- !
    !CDIR COLLAPSE
          qns(:,:) = qns(:,:)                                           &   ! update the non-solar heat flux with:
             &     - p_spr(:,:) * lfus                                                  &   ! melting solid precip
             &     + p_spr(:,:) * MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:), rt0_snow - rt0 ) * cpic   &   ! solid P at least below melting
             &     - p_spr(:,:) * sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:)                        * rcp        ! remove solid precip
    
  • sbccpl.F90 : the latent flux of solid precipitation is already taken into account. The heat content of the mass flux [precip. - evap (-runoff) (-calving)] should be added but only over open ocean (the modification does not concern the surface ice fluxes). It is not a simple story. To be perfectly conservative between atmos. and ocean, the atmosphere should provide the heat content associated with the mass flux. This is not done with the current atmospheric component used. Therefore an approximation should be done:

# evaporation : Since the atmosphere has seen the mean SST over the last coupling time interval. This previous SST is the one that should be used to compute the heat content of evaporation. It is not available but can be added to sbcssm module and in its restart. For the moment, we simply use the sst_m field.

# precipitation : as in former forced runs, the temperature of precipitation is assumed to be at the SST: we use sst_m field.

# runoff & calving : use sst_m as we have no better information

In sbc_cpl_rcv routine (ocean-atmos. only), move the emp part before the qns part and add the following lines

         zcoef = xlsn / rhosn                                    ! qns update over free ocean with:
         qns(:,:) = qns(:,:) - frcv(:,:,jpr_snow) * zcoef             ! remove the latent heat flux of melting solid precipitation 
            &                - emp(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp            ! remove the heat content of mass flux (assumed to be at SST)

In sbc_cpl_ice_flx routine (ocean-atmos-ice), the following lines

      IF( lk_diaar5 )   zcptn(:,:) = rcp * tn(:,:,1)
      ...
      zcoef = xlsn / rhosn
      ztmp(:,:) = p_frld(:,:,1) * zsnow(:,:) * zcoef
      pqns_tot(:,:) = pqns_tot(:,:) - ztmp(:,:)
      zcptn(:,:) = rcp * sst_m(:,:)
      ...
      zcoef = xlsn / rhosn                                        ! qns_tot update over free ocean with:
      ztmp(:,:) = p_frld(:,:,1) * zsnow(:,:) * zcoef
      pqns_tot(:,:) = pqns_tot(:,:)                       &
         &          - ztmp(:,:)                           &            ! remove the latent heat flux of solid precipitation melting
         &          - (  pemp_tot(:,:)                    &            ! remove the heat content of mass flux (assumed to be at SST)
         &             - pemp_ice(:,:) * p_frld(:,:,1)  ) * zcptn(:,:) 
  • sbcana.F90 ; sbcflx.F90 ; sbcfwb.F90 ; sbcrnf.F90 : add in qns the heat content of the mass flux taken at SST. immediate changes
  • sbcssr : add a change in qns if the SSS restoring is converted into an emp ; update emps as a salt flux is SSS restoring is just a salinity restoring term

(3) Update ocean forcing and ice foricng

the modification of trasbc and limsbc(_2) modules in order to take into account the above changes (heat content of water exchanges and explicit salt flux)

  • sbcice_if : no changes except style as there is no mass flux exchanges in ice-if case.

(3) introduction of a explicit a salt flux

The emps field is suppress by introducing fsalt, the salt flux at the ocean surface (only non zero below sea-ice)

A symmetric name is chosen for the emp : fmass. Indeed emp is a mass flux expressed in Kg/m2/s. its name emp is miss leading: emp does not only represent the Evaporation minus Precipitation budget, as it also include the freezing or melting of sea-ice, and also sometime the runoff. Therefore using fmass appears more meaningful.

in case of linear free surface (no key_vvl defined), the salt flux take into account the concentration/dilution term

(4) Update ocean and ice forcing

N.B.

  • introduce (as was done for sea-ice embedment) the air temperature as an argument of both blk_ice_core and blk_ice_clio routines
  • Philosophical change: in near future it appears that the use of key_vvl should be replaced by key_linssh. In other words, the defaut option of NEMO will be a non-linear free surface (and thus variable volume for the model levels). This has to be discussed prior to its implementation.
  • In the same idea : the embedded sea-ice should become the defaut case, with in option the 2 levitating cases. A test should then force a levitating sea-ice if key_linssh defined

CAUTION

  • in coupled mode, the atmosphere and the ocean must share the same latent heat flux of solid precipitation
  • in coupled mode, the atmosphere should provide not only the mass flux [e-p(-runoff)(-calvin)] but also the heat content associated with this mass flux computed with a temperature in Celcius.

Testing

Testing could consider (where appropriate) other configurations in addition to NVTK].

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and ''works'' when switched on
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  • Processor configurations tested
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  • Which routine(s) are causing the difference?
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