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Drivers of ORCHIDEE model

ORCHIDEE needs several forcing data in order to run correctly. The number of requested data is dependant of the configuration used.

In On-Line mode, the data needed are related to soil texture and color. If the vegetation is prescribed, ORCHIDEE needs in addition a vegetation information defining the fraction of each PFT per gridcell. Vegetation types gathered in these vegetation maps can be either PFT or Holson categories.

In Off-Line mode, ORCHIDEE is forced by weather data based on observations or climate model reanalysis. Last, depending of the options activated within a run of ORCHIDEE, additional maps might be used for irrigation, slope for routing scheme, ...

This document Description_Forcing_Files.pdf​ provides detail of how forcing files need to be prepared. It addresses in particular the issues one may face when the fluxes are averaged and scalar variables instantaneous. The driver needs to take this into account else the diurnal cycle needs to be misplaced. Some data providers have different convention for representing averaged fluxes and this type of details matter.

1. Weather data

These forcing fiels are stored into IGCM/BC/OOL/OL2 directory on CCRT, IDRIS at least.

1.1 CRU

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
forceYYYY.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2002	103	monthly		oct 2004		10.7 GB
forceYYYY_YYYY.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901_1909	1994_2002	7	monthly		oct 2004

1.2 CRU-NCEP

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_halfdeg_????.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2010	110	6H		27 sept 2011		362 GB
cruncep_halfdeg_????_noleap.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1904	2008	27	6H		27 sept 2011		89 GB

1.3 FLUXNET

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB

BC : AB.def BR.def BVC.nc BX2.def BX.def Cabauw.def CP.def FL.def GU.nc HV.nc LW.nc MA.nc ME.nc NB.nc NO.nc PO.nc PU.nc SH.nc SO.nc UP.nc VI.nc WB.nc WE.nc AB.nc BR.nc BVS.nc BX2.nc BX.nc Cabauw.nc CP.nc FL.nc GU.def HV.def LW.def MA.def ME.def NB.def NO.def PO.def PU.def SH.def SO.def UP.def VI.def WB.def WE.def

BC/FORCAGE2 : BVC.def BVC.nc BV.def BV.nc BX.def FI.def HE.def HY.def LO.def SKo.def TH.def

1.4 ISLSCP

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
islscp_for_1987.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x179	1987	1987	1	6H		28 jun 2005		1.1 GB

1.5 ISLSCP2

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
islscp_for_????.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x179	1982	1995	14	3H (6H for 1982)		28 jun 2005		19 GB

1.6 NCC

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
ncc_for_????.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x180	1948	2000	52	6H	​info	sept 2005	​ref	37 GB

1.7 NLDAS

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
orchidee_NLDAS_forcing_??????.nc		-67:-24; 25:52	464x224	199701	200212	6	1H		mai 2008	197 GB

1.8 WFD3/annual

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFD_????.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1958	2001	44	3H		april 2010		300 GB

1.9 WG

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WG_??.nc		-180:180; -90:90	320x160	79	93	15	1M		may 2007	20 MB
WG_CRU.nc (noleap)		-180:180; -90:90	720x360			1	1M		may 2007	37 GB

1.10 Scripts examples

• FORTRAN 90 script to create a land points only forcing file (use of the compress attribute) mk_grid.f90​

2. Vegetation information

ORCHIDEE model can read vegetation map based on Olson categories or on PFT categories. When a PFT map is used as an input, the parameter land_use in the .def file should be set to TRUE, else to FALSE.

2.1 Olson map

A map at 5km resolution with the dominant Olson class has been generated by Nicolas Viovy based on a 1km IGBP map. The map is available on the common repository of ORCHIDEE forcing files on CCRT, IDRIS and other platforms. It is also available ​here. This map contains 94 land categories. The conversion from Olson to PFT categories is done within the code of ORCHIDEE. Up to the version 1.9.5.2, there was a bug when converting Olson category 79 (warm C4 woody savanna). It was distributed into tropical broad-leaved raingreen (40%) and C3 grass (40%) while it should have been tropical broad-leaved raingreen (40%) and C4 grass (40%). This bug has been fixed in the version 1.9.6.

2.2 PFT maps

2.2.1 Based on Olson

Static maps

A Python script have been developed by Martial Mancip in order to convert 'offline' Olson-based map to PFT-based map. For this purpose, an Olson map has been generated at a 0.5 deg resolution, in which fractions of Olson categories are defined for each cell (and not only the dominant category). The 0.5° Olson map is available ​here. The PFT map generated by this script is available ​????.

Dynamic maps

The PFT map based on Olson categories has been combined with some historical trends and future projections datasets of Land-Use changes. This work has been carried out by Nathalie de Noblet within the frame of the AR5 IPCC exercise. The historical dataset is the HYDE 3.0 dataset (Klein Goldewijk) and the future projections are delivered by the four Integrated assessments models for the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP): MESSAGE (RCP 8.5), AIM (RCP 6), MiniCAM (RCP 4.5), IMAGE (RCP 3.0). A report and a presentation on the methodology developped have been written by Nathalie. Both documents are availabe [

2.2.2 Maps based on recent Satellite Land Cover products

In a recent paper (see reference below) B. Poulter has proposed a method to convert satellite land cover products (GLC2000, Globcover, MODIS) into PFT maps, using Köppen-Geiger bioclimatic zones.

14. Macbean and B. Poulter have updated the cross-walking approach based on discussions with the Globcover team in July 2012 at UCL.
    

The new land cover CCI should be available at end of 2012 for use with ORCHIDEE.

2. Poulter has developed tools to do conversions at any spatial resolution. N. Macbean has equivalent tools in python. Please contact them directly to know more about this. The objective is to have these tools available later for everybody under the TOOLS directory.
   

Poulter, B., Ciais, P., Hodson, E., Lischke, H., Maignan, F., Plummer, S. & Zimmerman, N. E. (2011). Plant functional type mapping for earth system models. Geoscientific Model Development, 4, 993–1010, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-993-2011

2.2.3 Global Land Use modeling data formatted for ORCHIDEE

2.2.4 Future projections based on RCP's

3. Soil texture and color data

4. Irrigation

5. Slope