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= Drivers of ORCHIDEE model =
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ORCHIDEE needs several forcing data in order to run correctly. The number of requested data is dependant of the configuration used.
In On-Line mode, the data needed are related to soil texture and color. If the vegetation is prescribed, ORCHIDEE needs in addition a vegetation information defining the fraction of each PFT per gridcell. Vegetation types gathered in these vegetation maps can be either PFT or Holson categories.
In Off-Line mode, ORCHIDEE is forced by weather data based on observations or climate model reanalysis.
Last, depending of the options activated within a run of ORCHIDEE, additional maps might be used for irrigation, slope for routing scheme, ...
This document [attachment:Description_Forcing_Files.pdf] provides detail of how forcing files need to be prepared. It addresses in particular the issues one may face when the fluxes are averaged and scalar variables instantaneous. The driver needs to take this into account else the diurnal cycle needs to be misplaced. Some data providers have different convention for representing averaged fluxes and this type of details matter.
== 1. Weather Data ==
These forcing files are stored in the shared accounts in IGCM/SRF/METEO directory. The shared accounts are found :
* At TGCC: /ccc/work/cont003/dsm/p86ipsl/IGCM
* At IDRIS:
* On the ada machine: /workgpfs/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM
* On the ergon machine: /u/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM
* LSCE, obelix : /home/orchideeshare/igcmg/IGCM
* IPSL Ciclad : /prodigfs/ipslfs/igcmg/IGCM
* At the web by DODS : http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg/IGCM
Some additional forcings not yet on the shared acount can be found at climserv/ciclad here : /bdd/ORCHIDEE_Forcing/BC/OOL/OL2
Read more about the shared accounts and IGCM repository here [http://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg_doc/wiki/DocBenvEcommonfiles]
=== 1.1 CRU-NCEP ===
The meteorological fields are generated by N. Viovy following the protocol described here:
[http://dods.extra.cea.fr/data/p529viov/cruncep/readme.htm][[BR]]
There are several versions of CRU-NCEP. The latest tested version containing bug corrections and an improved description of the time methods (in preparation of the next driver) is the v5.4.[[BR]]
v6.1 is available at a half degree resolution but has not yet been tested.
==== CRU-NCEP / v6.1 ====
v6.1 is based on a new CRU version and extends till 2014.[[BR]]
For the next driver, it contains:
- added attributes for cell_methods,
- a corresponding new time axis,
- variables Height_Lev1 and Height_Levuv,
- attributes units and long_name for variables nav_lat and nav_lon.
Contributors:
- original files made by N. Viovy (2015/07)
- standard driver 0.5° files made by Y. Chao (2015/07)
- next driver 0.5° files made by F. Maignan (2015/07)
==== CRU-NCEP / v5.4 ====
v5.4 contains the same data as v5.3 with:
- added attributes for cell_methods,
- a corresponding new time axis,
- variables Height_Lev1 and Height_Levuv,
- attributes units and long_name for variables nav_lat and nav_lon.
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 8 avril 2015|| || 346 GB ||
==== CRU-NCEP / v5.3.2 ====
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 8 avril 2015|| || 346 GB ||
|| cruncep_onedeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 360x180 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 8 avril 2015|| || 359 GB ||
|| cruncep_twodeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 8 avril 2015|| || 90 GB ||
==== CRU-NCEP / v5.3 ====
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 1 oct 2014|| || 346 GB ||
|| cruncep_onedeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 360x180 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 1 oct 2014|| || 359 GB ||
|| cruncep_twodeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2013 || 113 || 6H || || 1 oct 2014|| || 90 GB ||
==== CRU-NCEP / v5.2 ====
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| cruncep_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2012 || 112 || 6H || || 25 sept 2013|| || 343 GB ||
==== CRU-NCEP / v5.2_2x2deg ====
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| cruncep_yyyy_2x2.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 180x90 || 1901 || 2012 || 112 || 6H || || 25 sept 2013|| || 89 GB ||
==== CRU-NCEP / v2 ====
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2010 || 110 || 6H || || 5 juin 2013|| || 362 GB ||
|| cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy_noleap.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1904 || 2008 || 27 || 6H || || 5 juin 2013|| || 89 GB ||
|| cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy_leap.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1904 || 2008 || 27 || 6H || || 5 juin 2013|| || 89 GB ||
Default is to use the noleap files (through symbolic links).
=== 1.2 CRU ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| forceyyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2002 || 103 || monthly || || oct 2004 || || 10.7 GB ||
|| forceyyyy_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901_1909 || 1994_2002 || 7 || monthly || || oct 2004 || || ||
=== 1.3 ERA_New_Global ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| ERA_Global_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 512x256 || 1979 || 2012 || 34 || 3H || || 22 juin 2013|| || 437 GB ||
=== 1.4 FLUXNET ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| IdSite_Fyear-Lyear.nc || eg. FR-LBr_1996-2006.nc || / || in-situ || site-specific || || || 30minutes || http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg/IGCM/BC/OOL/OL2/FLUXNET/README.pdf || || http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/8/23/2015/essdd-8-23-2015.html || 4Mo per year||
The data have been prepared for all sites of the Free Access Fluxnet database (http://www.fluxdata.org/DataInfo) as available in August, 2012 (~150 sites).
=== 1.5 WFDEI_CRU ===
This data corresponds to the one described in the publication Weedon et al. 2014 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014WR015638/abstract)
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WFDEI_CRU_yyyy.nc || WFDEI_CRU || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1979 || 2012 || 34 || 3H || || 8 April 2015|| || 281 GB ||
As this data is based on the ERA-I re-analysis the fluxes are cumulated over the 3h period preceding the time-stamp. All other variables are instantaneous at the given date. This is now properly described by the cell_method data in the netCDF file.
=== 1.6 WFD_CRU ===
This data corresponds to the one described in the publication Weedon et al. 2011 (http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2011JHM1369.1)
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WFD_CRU_yyyy.nc || WFD_CRU || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1901 || 2001 || 1000 || 3H || || 14 Nov 2014|| || 592 GB ||
=== 1.7 WFDEI_GPCC ===
This is the same atmospheric forcing as the one described above except that rainfall is now corrected with the GPCC data : http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=T12404818261141645314319&_urlType=action&switchLang=en&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_datenzentren_wzn
As this rainfall series is shorter, WFDEI_GPCC has fewer years than WFDEI_CRU.
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WFDEI_GPCC_yyyy.nc || WFDEI_GPCC || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1979 || 2010 || 32 || 3H || || 8 April 2015|| || 265 GB ||
=== 1.8 ERA_05 ===
This meteorological data set has been prepared by ECMWF in the framework of the Earth2Observe project : http://www.earth2observe.eu/
Using a simple bi-linear interpolation the data of the ERA-I re-analysis on the Gaussian grid (N128) output was projected to a regular lat/lon grid at 0.5deg resolution, without special consideration for the land/sea mask. It was thus considered, in consultation with Emanuel Dutra of ECMWF, that it was not unreasonable to use the same land/sea mask as WFDEI and hope that the atmospheric forcing on coastal points will not be too badly affected by the methodology.
The value of this forcing lies in its close relation to the ERA-I re-analysis and its extension to December 2014.
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| ERAI_yyyy.nc || ERAI_05 || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1979 || 2014 || 36 || 3H || || 20 June 2015|| || 293 GB ||
=== 1.9 ERA_05_GPCP
This is the same forcing as ERA_05 except for the rainfall and snow fall from the re-analysis which were corrected with the GPCP estimates (http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| ERAI_GPCP_yyyy.nc || ERAI_05_GPCP || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1979 || 2014 || 36 || 3H || || 20 June 2015|| || 298 GB ||
== 2. Older Weather Data ==
These forcing data sets have been superseded by more recent re-analysis of meteorological observations and more complete meta-data have been included in the forcing file.
=== 2.1 ISLSCP ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| islscp_for_1987.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 360x179 || 1987 || 1987 || 1 || 6H || || 28 jun 2005 || || 1.1 GB ||
=== 2.2 ISLSCP2 ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| islscp_for_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 360x179 || 1982 || 1995 || 14 || 3H (6H for 1982) || || 28 jun 2005 || ||19 GB ||
=== 2.3 NCC ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| ncc_for_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 360x180 || 1948 || 2000 || 52 || 6H || [http://thanh.ngoduc.free.fr/wiki/index.php/Main/NCCDataset info]|| sept 2005 ||[http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2004JD005434.shtml ref] || 37 GB ||
=== 2.4 NLDAS ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| orchidee_NLDAS_forcing_yyyymm.nc || || -67:-24; 25:52 || 464x224 || 199701 || 200212 || 6 || 1H || || mai 2008 |||| 197 GB ||
=== 2.5 WFD3/annual ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WFD_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1958 || 2001 || 44 || 3H || || april 2010 || || 300 GB ||
=== 2.6 WFDEI (WFDEI_GPCC/v1/noleap) ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WFDEI_GPCC_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x300 || 1979 || 2009 || 31 || 3H || || 3 juin 2013|| || 182 GB ||
=== 2.7 WFDEI_GPCC/v2/leap ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WFDEI_GPCC_yyyy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || 1990 || 2011 || 33 || 3H || || 26 avril 2014|| || 265 GB ||
NB: Year 2011 is incomplete.
=== 2.8 WG ===
|| Name || || Spatial information || ||Temporal information || || || || Web documentation || || || Size ||
|| Abbreviation || Full name || Coverage || Resolution || First year || Last year || Number of years || Resolution || Informations || Data download || References || GB ||
|| WG_yy.nc || || -180:180; -90:90 || 320x160 || 79 || 93 || 15 || 1M || || may 2007 || 20 MB ||
|| WG_CRU.nc (noleap) || || -180:180; -90:90 || 720x360 || || || 1 || 1M || || may 2007 |||| 37 GB ||
=== 2.9 Scripts examples ===
- FORTRAN 90 script to create a land points only forcing file (use of the compress attribute) [attachment:mk_grid.f90]
== 3. Vegetation information ==
ORCHIDEE model can read vegetation map based on Olson categories or on PFT categories. When a PFT map is used as an input, the parameter '''land_use''' in the .def file should be set to TRUE, else to FALSE.
=== 3.1 Olson map ===
A map at 5km resolution with the dominant Olson class has been generated by Nicolas Viovy based on a 1km IGBP map. The map is available on the common repository of ORCHIDEE forcing files on CCRT, IDRIS and other platforms. It is also available [http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/SANORCHIDEE/IGCM/INIT/SRF/OL2/carteveg5km.nc, here]. This map contains 94 land categories. The conversion from Olson to PFT categories is done within the code of ORCHIDEE. Up to the version 1.9.5.2, there was a bug when converting Olson category 79 (warm C4 woody savanna). It was distributed into tropical broad-leaved raingreen (40%) and C3 grass (40%) while it should have been tropical broad-leaved raingreen (40%) and '''C4''' grass (40%). This bug has been fixed in the version 1.9.6.
=== 3.2 PFT maps ===
==== 3.2.1 Based on Olson ====
===== Static maps =====
A Python script have been developed by Martial Mancip in order to convert 'offline' Olson-based map to PFT-based map. For this purpose, an Olson map has been generated at a 0.5 deg resolution, in which fractions of Olson categories are defined for each cell (and not only the dominant category). The 0.5° Olson map is available [http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/SANORCHIDEE/CarteVeg/vegcoor2D_bounds_2_CF_carteveg5km.nc here]. The PFT map generated by this script is available [http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg/IGCM/BC/SRF/OL2/ ????].
===== Dynamic maps =====
The PFT map based on Olson categories has been combined with some historical trends and future projections datasets of Land-Use changes. This work has been carried out by Nathalie de Noblet within the frame of the AR5 IPCC exercise. The historical dataset is the HYDE 3.0 dataset (Klein Goldewijk) and the future projections are delivered by the four Integrated assessments models for the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP): MESSAGE (RCP 8.5), AIM (RCP 6), MiniCAM (RCP 4.5), IMAGE (RCP 3.0). A report and a presentation on the methodology developped have been written by Nathalie. Both documents are availabe [
==== 3.2.2 Maps based on recent Satellite Land Cover products ====
In a recent paper (see reference below) B. Poulter has proposed a method to convert satellite land cover products (GLC2000, Globcover, MODIS) into PFT maps, using Köppen-Geiger bioclimatic zones. [[BR]]
N. Macbean and B. Poulter have updated the cross-walking approach based on discussions with the Globcover team in July 2012 at UCL. [[BR]]
The new land cover CCI should be available at end of 2012 for use with ORCHIDEE. [[BR]]
B. Poulter has developed tools to do conversions at any spatial resolution. N. Macbean has equivalent tools in python. Please contact them directly to know more about this. The objective is to have these tools available later for everybody under the TOOLS directory. [[BR]]
Poulter, B., Ciais, P., Hodson, E., Lischke, H., Maignan, F., Plummer, S. & Zimmerman, N. E. (2011). Plant functional type mapping for earth system models. Geoscientific Model Development, 4, 993–1010, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-993-2011
==== 3.2.3 Global Land Use modeling data formatted for ORCHIDEE ====
==== 3.2.4 Future projections based on RCP's ====
== 4. Soil texture and color data ==
== 5. Irrigation ==
== 6. Slope ==