• A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z -

A

• ALMIP2
  • Keywords: Model Intercomparison; AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis)
  • Brief description: ALMIP Phase 2 deals with the local to meso scales of surfaces processes in West-Africa. Land surface, vegetation and hydrological models will participate and be evaluated and inter-compared in order to identify key processes which are not well modelled, and to offer guidelines for future model development for all three classes of models.
  • Starting date: 2011
  • Duration: 2 years
  • Funding: INSU/EC2CO
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: simulations over three mesoscale regions and over sites
    The CWRR hydrology scheme is used, without and with stomate activated.
  • Webpage: ​http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/amma-moana/amma_surf/almip2/index.html
  • Main local contact: Catherine Ottlé
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Jan Polcher;
    Fabienne Maignan

• AMAZALERT - Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land-use change in the Amazon
  • Keywords: Amazon; Modeling; Land-use change; feedbacks; water availability; Early Warning System
  • Brief description: AMAZALERT enables raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate, society, land-use change, vegetation change, water availability and policies in Amazonia.
    
    This programme will:
    
    1) Analyse and improve coupled models of global climate and Amazon, land use, vegetation and socio-economic drivers to quantify anthropogenic and climate induced land-use and land cover change and non-linear, irreversible feedbacks among these components
    2) Assess the role of regional and global policies and societal responses in the Amazon region for altering the trajectory of land-use change in the face of climate change and other anthropogenic factors and finally
    3) Propose i) an Early Warning System for detecting any imminent irreversible loss of Amazon ecosystem services, ii) policy response strategies to prevent such loss.
  • Starting date: 1/9/2011
  • Duration: 3 years
  • Funding: EU
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: * Offline mode
    SECHIBA (11-layers hydrology) + STOMATE + Routing river module + Sheffield forcing dataset
    - Historical simulations (use of analytic carbon spin-up): one simulation without LUC and another one with LUC
    - Future simulations
    
    * Online mode
    SECHIBA (2-layers hydrology) + STOMATE + Routing river module (?) + LMDZ
    Simulations with different LUC scenarios.
  • Webpage: ​http://www.eu-amazalert.org/home
  • Main local contact: Philippe Ciais
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Philippe Ciais; Agnès Ducharne; Matthieu Guimberteau; Juan-Pablo Boisier; Hans Verbeeck; Marjolein De Weirdt...

B

• BOTOX - Budget Of Tropospheric OXygenated compounds: a constraint to better represent the interactions between biosphere and atmospheric chemistry (BOTOX)
  • Keywords: atmospheric chemistry; modeling; organic compounds; LMDzINCA; ORCHIDEE; climate change
  • Brief description: Organic oxygenated compounds (e.g. methanol, formaldehyde, acetone) are very abundant organic trace species in the atmosphere and provide, locally, significant radical sources. However, their budget still remains uncertain, especially because they are characterized by multiple primary (human activities, terrestrial and oceanic biosphere) and secondary (oxidation of volatile organic compounds) sources. For instance, emissions from vegetation, being the first direct and indirect source of oxygenated organic compounds, are very uncertain with estimates ranging from 250 to 750 TgC/yr for isoprene, 50 à 250 TgC/yr for methanol or 10 à 50 TgC/yr for acetone. The contribution of marine source to organic compounds emissions, though minor (5% to 10 % of global fraction), shows a strong geographical and seasonal variability. Recently, satellites data gave the possibility to evaluate, at the global scale, the representation of oxygenated compounds and their seasonal cycles by models. Model/observations differences underline the need for improvement of our knowledge on emission flux, together with the description of chemical processes involving those compounds (strongly related to ozone, involved in the greenhouse effect).
    
    In order to improve the oxygenated carbon compounds budget in the troposphere, we work in the BOTOX project on 3 different axes, by integrating in a global Earth System Model updated parameterisation for (i) volatile organic compound emissions from the terrestrial and oceanic biosphere, (ii) interactions between atmospheric compounds deposition (ozone, nitrogen oxydes…) and vegetation, (iii) the chemisty of oxygenated compounds. In order to perform a detailed validation, the oxygenated species budget and their interannual variability will be compared to satellite and flight data, and their anthropogenic perturbations will be quantified.
    
    Thanks to these new tools, we will investigate the role of oxygenated organic compounds in the climate-chemistry interactions (through reaction with key inorganic species : ozone, nitrogen oxides, hydroxyl radical, etc.). These interactions will be evaluated in the frame of the Earth System evolution under the anthropogenic pressure, taking into account changes of major factors (anthropogenic emissions, climate, vegetation distribution, etc.). The variability of the system will be analyzed for different time-periods from preindustrial to 2100.
  • Starting date: 2011
  • Duration: 3 ans
  • Funding: INSU LEFE/CHAT
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Development in ORCHIDEE will be carried out to extend and improve the biogenic VOC emission scheme, to set the coupling with the LMDzINCA chemistry-transport model for biosphere-atmospheric chemistry interactions and will be run for past, present and future simulations to provide long-term changes in biogenic emissions of VOCs and NOx.
  • Main local contact: Sophie Szopa
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Juliette Lathière; Anne Cozic; Nicolas Vuichard; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré;

C

• CARBONES
  • Keywords: global long-term series of carbon fluxes and pools; CCDAS
  • Brief description: The CARBONES global information service will deliver the first ever consistent, high space- and time-resolution history of the carbon cycle, with associated uncertainties and attribution to controlling processes. The history of the carbon cycle will take the form of a calibrated 20 year-long re-analysis of space and time variations of carbon fluxes and carbon pools over the globe. It uses Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) for quantifying and understanding CO2 surface fluxes.
  • Starting date: 2010
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: EU-FP7
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: ORCHIDEE produces the a priori terrestrial biosphere fluxes used by the inversion system. Parameters are first optimized using FLUXNET and satellite data.
  • Webpage: ​http://www.carbones.eu/
  • Main local contact: Philippe Peylin
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Cedric Bacour; Sylvain Kuppel; Natasha MacBean?; Fabienne Maignan

• CLASSIQUE
  • Keywords: Siberia; interdisciplinarity
  • Brief description: CLASSIQUE focuses on the impacts of climate change in Siberia over ecosystems, cultures, lifestyles and economies. Climatologists, hydrologists, agronomists, demographers and specialists of scientific mediation work together to better quantify (1) future changes in climate and vegetation properties in Siberia, (2) the consecutive evolution of the potential agricultural, (3) the demographic and societal effects of these changes, and (4) the interactions and feedbacks between these evolutions.
  • Starting date: 03/2011
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: ANR-10-CEPL-0012
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: simulations over Siberia with new PFT maps
  • Webpage: ​http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/programmes-de-recherche/environnement-et-ressources-biologiques/societes-et-changements-environnementaux/fiche-projet-cep-s/?tx_lwmsuivibilan_pi2%5BCODE%5D=ANR-10-CEPL-0012
  • Main local contact: Catherine Ottlé
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Fabienne Maignan;
    Nicolas Delbart

D

• DOC
  • Keywords: Dissolved Organic Carbon
  • Brief description: Implementing DOC production and transport in ORCHIDEE
  • Starting date: 2011
  • Duration: 48 months
  • Funding: EU
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Further developing ORCHIDEE 1.9.5
  • Main local contact: Philippe Ciais
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Marta Camino Serrano
    Bertrand Guenet
    Agnes Ducharne
    Sebastiaan Luyssaert

• DOFOCO
  • Keywords: total climate impact - forest management
  • Brief description: Despite the key implications of forest management on: 1) the carbon-energy-water balance, and 2) production, recreation and environmental protection, there are no integrated studies of its effects on the Earth’s climate. The overall goal of DOFOCO is to quantify and understand the role of forest management in mitigating climate change. Specifically, I want to challenge the current focus on the carbon cycle and replace it with a total climate impact approach. Hence, the whole forest management spectrum ranging from short rotation coppice to old-growth forests will be analyzed for its effects on the water, energy and carbon cycles. Climate response of forest will be quantified by means of albedo, evapotranspiration, greenhouse gas sources and sinks and their resulting climate feedback mechanisms. The anticipated new quantitative results will be used to lay the foundations for a portfolio of management strategies which will sustain wood production while minimizing climate change impacts.
  • Starting date: 2010
  • Duration: 60 months
  • Funding: ERC
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: DOFOCO furthers develops the FM branch of ORCHIDEE by refining the albedo scheme, the energy budget and the C-allocation scheme of ORCHIDEE. Main applications will be based on the coupled ORCHIDEE-LMDz set-up.
  • Webpage: ​http://erc.europa.eu/succes-stories/forests-combat-global-warming
  • Main local contact: Sebastiaan Luyssaert
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Juliane Otto
    James Ryder
    Kim Naudts
    Matt McGrath?
    Sebastiaan Luyssaert

• DOFOCO - FWO
  • Keywords: forest management
  • Brief description: Quantifying and mapping the intensity of forest management for Europe and quantifying the management intensity for a spectrum of forest management strategies and estimate the effects of forest management on carbon-sink between 1950 and 2000 making use of ORCHIDEE
  • Starting date: 2011
  • Duration: 48 months
  • Funding: FWO
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Refine the generic management description in ORCHIDEE-FM. Off-line simulations.
  • Main local contact: Sebastiaan Luyssaert
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Yuan Yan

E

• ECLAIRE - Effects of climate change on air pollution impacts and response strategies for European ecosystems
  • Keywords: climate change; pollution; modeling; atmospheric chemistry; biogenic emissions; volatile organic compounds; nitrogen compounds
  • Brief description: ÉCLAIRE investigates the ways in which climate change alters the threat of air pollution on European land ecosystems including soils. Based on field observations, experimental data and models, it establishes new flux, concentration and dose-response relationships, as a basis to inform future European policies. Starting with biosphere-atmosphere exchange measurements, ÉCLAIRE quantifies how global warming and altered precipitation will affect emissions of key European primary pollutants (NOx, NH3, VOCs), including interactions with increasing aerosol and hemispheric O3 background concentrations, modifying atmospheric transport and deposition. An ensemble of chemistry transport models will be applied to assess uncertainty in response to harmonized scenarios for climate, emissions and land-use, while high resolution studies will investigate how climate change alters local patterns of pollutant exposure and threshold exceedance.
    
    At the LSCE, a postdoctoral researcher will be recruited from January 2013 to work with Didier Hauglustaine (LMDzINCA, atmospheric chemistry) and Juliette Lathière (ORCHIDEE, biogenic emissions) for 2 years to participate to the development of the LMDz-ORCHIDEE-INCA model and perform numerical experiments on bi-directional exchanges (emissions, dry deposition) of atmospheric constituents between the land ecosystems and the atmosphere. A particular focus will be devoted to nitrogen species (i.e., NH3, NOx) and to soil emissions and how land-use practices alter the atmosphere-biosphere exchanges for these species.
  • Starting date: October 2011
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: EU
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Development work will be carried out in ORCHIDEE to revise the improve and extend the biogenic emission scheme for nitrogen compounds emitted by soils (NOx and NH3). Simulations will be carried out for the present-day and the future with ORCHIDEE, coupled offline/online to the chemistry-transport model LMDzINCA.
  • Webpage: ​http://www.eclaire-fp7.eu/
  • Main local contact: Didier Hauglustaine
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Palmira Messina ; Juliette Lathière

• ECV Land Cover
  • Keywords: Land Cover; Essential Climate Variables; satellite data
  • Brief description: As part of the ESA Climate Change Inititiave (CCI), the Land_Cover_cci project is concerned with the generation of the land cover ECV. Land cover is defined as the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare groung, water, etc.
    More particulary, the overall Land_Cover_cci objective is to critically revisit all algorithms required for the generation of a global land product in the light of GCOS requirements, and to design and demonstrate a prototype system delivering in a consistent way over years and from various EO instruments global land cover information matching the needs of key users’ belonging to the climate change community.
    
  • Starting date: 1/8/2010
  • Duration: 3 years
  • Funding: ESA
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: ORCHIDEE will benchmark the new PFT maps derived from the new land cover maps.
  • Webpage: ​http://www.esa-landcover-cci.org/?q=node/123
  • Main local contact: Philippe Peylin
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Catherine Ottlé;
    Benjamin Poulter;
    Natasha MacBean?;
    Fabienne Maignan;
    Nathalie de Noblet

F

G

• Geoland2 LC-CIS
  • Keywords: Monitoring; Satellite Data Assimilation
  • Brief description: The Land Carbon Core Information Service (LC-CIS) of Geoland2 aims at setting-up pre-operational infrastructures for monitoring the terrestrial carbon cycle at regional and global scales in near real time. These infrastructures rely on the assimilation of satellite data within
    land surface models.
  • Starting date: September 2008
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: EU-FP7
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Use of ORCHIDEE as a benchmark against the other models (ISBA-A-gs, C-TESSEL)
  • Webpage: ​http://www.gmes-geoland.info/
  • Main local contact: Fréderic Chevallier
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Fabienne Maignan; Philippe Ciais; Nicolas Delbart; Benjamin Poulter
    

• GLACE/CMIP5 -EMBRACE
  • Keywords: Soil moisture/climate couplings.
  • Brief description: Investigating effects of changes in soil moisture content and soil moisture-climate coupling for future climate projections
    Impacts on regional climate (temperature extremes, precipitation)
    Impacts on global carbon cycle
    Interactions with land use changes
    
  • Starting date: 2011-11-
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: none
  • Use of ORCHIDEE:
    Seasonal cycle of soil moisture variable from ORCHIDEE.
  • Main local contact: frederique Cheruy
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: frederique Cheruy; Agnes Ducharne

H

I

J

K

L

M

• MsTMIP
  • Keywords: Model Intercomparison; benchmark
  • Brief description: The MsTMIP is a formal multi-scale synthesis, with prescribed environmental and meteorological drivers shared among model teams, and simulations standardized to faciliate comparison with other model results and observations through an integrated evaluation framework. The overall goal of the MsTMIP is to provide feedback to the terrestrial biospheric modeling community to improve the diagnosis and attribution of carbon sources and sinks across regional and global scales.
  • Starting date: 15/03/2010
  • Duration: 3 years
  • Funding: NASA / ROSES-2009 A.4 Terrestrial Ecology Program
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: simulations at global and regional (North America) scales
  • Webpage: ​http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP.shtml
  • Main local contact: Philippe Ciais
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Nicolas Viovy;
    Shushi Peng;
    Gwenaelle Berthier;
    Fabienne Maignan;
    Benjamin Poulter

N

O

P

• PAGE21
  • Keywords: Permafrost; Vulnerability to Climate Change
  • Brief description: PAGE21 will aim to understand and quantify the vulnerability of permafrost environments to a changing global climate, and to investigate the feedback mechanisms associated with increasing greenhouse gas emissions from permafrost zones. This research will make use of a unique set of Arctic permafrost investigations performed at stations that span the full range of Arctic bioclimatic zones. The project will bring together the best European permafrost researchers and eminent scientists from Canada, Russia, the USA, and Japan.
    
  • Starting date: 1/11/2011
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: EU-FP7
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Work package 6: Improved representation of permafrost-related processes in global land-surface models
  • Webpage: ​http://www.page21.eu/
  • Main local contact: Gerhard Krinner
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Catherine Ottlé;
    Tao Wang;
    Shushi Peng;
    Fabienne Maignan

• POPFUL - FWO
  • Keywords: Short rotation coppice
  • Brief description: Quantifying the impact on the European C-balance of a large scale application of poplar-based short rotation coppice.
  • Starting date: 2010
  • Duration: 48 months
  • Funding: FWO
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Refining the description of SRC management in ORCHIDEE-FM branch
  • Webpage: ​http://webh01.ua.ac.be/popfull/
  • Main local contact: Sebastiaan Luyssaert
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Toon De Groote
    
  • :
    SEEN
  • : Scenario climatiques extremes et energie nucleaire
  • : Le projet vise à estimer les valeurs de température et de précipitation les plus extrêmes possibles susceptibles d’être rencontrées en France (et en Europe) au milieu ou à la fin du siècle compte-tenu du changement climatique. Pour ce faire, les approches statistiques, basées sur la théorie statistique des extrêmes (Extreme Value Theory : EVT) et ses extensions au contexte non stationnaire, seront confrontées à des approches physiques, mettant en œuvre la simulation météo-climatique. Il s’articule autour de trois principales tâches, dédiées respectivement aux études statistiques, aux analyses de simulations climatiques et à la réalisation d’études de sensibilité météo-climatiques,
    
  • : 2013 in prep.
  • : 4 years
  • : ANR
  • :
    Etudes de sensibilites en zoome guide avec l hydrologie 11 couches, preparation
    de cas 1D (worst case scenarios) couples atmosphere/orchidee .
  • : frederique Cheruy
  • : frederique Cheruy;

Q

R

S

T

• TREES4FUTURE
  • Keywords: tree species; genotypes; provenances
  • Brief description: The WP in which the LSCE is involved aims to integrate aspects of genetics and wood quality into large scale modelling tools, and to improve the compatibility of these tools to assess goods and services, sustainability, and mitigation and adaptation strategies for European forests.
  • Starting date: 2012
  • Duration: 15 months
  • Funding: EU
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Developing a flexible interface that respects taxonomic and spatial constraints to parameterize PFT's based on a trait data base. The project makes use of ORCHIDEE 1.9.6
  • Webpage: ​http://www.trees4future.eu/
  • Main local contact: Sebastiaan Luyssaert
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Kim Naudts; Nicolas Viovy

• TRENDY2
  • Keywords: NBP ; trends ; attribution
  • Brief description: This project studies the NBP trends over the last decades at global scale, using several DGVMs (PI: S. Sitch). It is related to the Global Carbon Project.
  • Starting date: 2013-?
  • Duration: unknown
  • Funding: none
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Trunk revision 1383. Global simulations 1901-2012 with cru-ncep v5 forcing files. 3 scenarios (CO2 only, CO2 + Climate, CO2 + Climate + LUC). CO2 and LUC files available on the repository.
  • Webpage: none
  • Main local contact: P. Peylin
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: P. Ciais ; J. Ghattas ; F. Maignan ; N. Viovy ; B. Poulter (LPJ)

U

V

• VEGECLIM
  • Keywords: Tropics; carbon stocks
  • Brief description: VEGECLIM aims to estimate carbon stocks and fluxes of forests in Central Africa, and to quantify the potential impact of climate change and deforestation on these quantities. It is based on the joint use of ORCHIDEE and of 10 years of 1km SPOT-Vegetation data.
  • Starting date: 1/12/2009
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO)
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: The phenology of ORCHIDEE is first calibrated over Amazonian data (FLUXNET and SPOT-VGT), then applied over Central Africa.
  • Webpage: ​http://eo.belspo.be/Directory/ProjectDetail.aspx?projId=854
  • Main local contact: Philippe Peylin
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Hans Verbeeck; Marjolein de Weirdt; Fabienne Maignan

• VULNOZ - Vulnerability to ozone in anthropized ecosystems. Which risks for 2020-2030 ?
  • Keywords: ozone; pollution; modelling
  • Brief description: The predicted ozone levels based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios are above acceptable thresholds for optimal
    development of agroecosystems. In peri-urban areas, ozone concentration peaks could be lowered and more frequent. Studying the consequences of such
    changes in ozone concentrations by 2020-2030 requires to fill up several gaps in our knowledge of agro-ecosystems vulnerability to ozone. In particular,
    changes in scales will be necessary, from ozone molecules to agro-ecosystems via plants. This will imply: (i) determination of the effective ozone flux
    through plant stomata and (ii) estimation of plant defence capacities through detoxification processes under changing climatic parameters (increases in both
    background ozone pollution and peak frequency). Results will be used to establish improved ozone-impact models (leaf, whole plant) that will then (iii) be
    integrated at both regional and European scales for various agro-ecosystems. This will allow (iv) to predict their responses to ozone in 2020-2030 and (v) to
    assess the socio-economic consequences of these response.
    
    The VULNOZ research programme aims at improving this novel indicator by estimating the effective ozone flux into plants which is the balance between global
    ozone influx and ozone detoxified by plant tissues . The final objective is to allow accurate risk assessment for different ecosystems. The existing scientific relationships between the partners of this proposal and with several European laboratories (preparation for the 7th PCRD in progress) will most certainly speed the process of refining the indicators for ozone risk assessment for European vegetation. VULNOZ is structured between five work packages that are complementary to facilitate the solving of scientific and technological blocages and
    supportive of each other to facilitate data flow and integration. The two first years of the project will focus (i) on the production of ozone detoxification markers
    related to plant growth and (ii) on the distinction, at plot level (cultivated field or forest stand), between stomatal (uptake of ozone within the leaf) and nonstomatal
    deposits (physico-chemicals reactions of ozone with leaf surfaces and canopies).
    The work will rest mostly on the previous BioPollAtm? programme (P. Cellier) as well as on the current IFLOZ programme (A. Repellin). Measurements of
    exchange in mass and energy will be obtained from the French sites of the European programme NitroEurope? where ozone flux measurements will also be
    made. A first outcome of this work will be the issuing of a sub-model for plant functioning under ozone constraint. The strength of this project will consist in the
    integration of this sub-model into several others, more global to: (i) predict the impact on crop growth (STICS and CERES models), and (ii) on the functioning
    of ecosystems (CHIMERE model) and (iii) to estimate the economical consequences (AROPAj model). Thus, through these back and forth flows of data obtained at various scales of the systems, the multidisciplinary aspect of the VULNOZ project will fully materialize.
  • Starting date: 2009
  • Duration: 4 years
  • Funding: ANR
  • Use of ORCHIDEE: Development in ORCHIDEE carried out by Thomas Verbeke, PhD LSCE (supervisors: Didier Hauglustaine, Juliette Lathière, Sophie Szopa and Nicolas Viovy) to integrate the impact of ozone concentrations on vegetation growth.
  • Main local contact: Nicolas Viovy and Juliette Lathière
  • Participants from ORCHIDEE group: Thomas Verbeke; Nicolas Viovy; Juliette Lathière.