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sbcblk.F90 in NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC – NEMO

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source: NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11085_ASINTER-05_Brodeau_Advanced_Bulk/src/OCE/SBC/sbcblk.F90 @ 11804

Last change on this file since 11804 was 11804, checked in by laurent, 5 years ago
Use of "TURB_FLUXES@…" inside sbcblk.F90, positive latent HF & positive cool-skin temperature now allowed!
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 70.7 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!! Aerodynamic Bulk Formulas
6	!! SUCCESSOR OF "sbcblk_core"
7	!!=====================================================================
8	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original CORE code
9	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) improved CORE bulk and its user interface
10	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
11	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core
12	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
13	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
14	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
15	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
16	!! 4.0 ! 2016-06 (L. Brodeau) sbcblk_core becomes sbcblk and is not restricted to the CORE algorithm anymore
17	!! ! ==> based on AeroBulk (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk/)
18	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (G. Madec) introduce a sbc_blk_init routine
19	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (M. Vancoppenolle) Introduce conduction flux emulator (M. Vancoppenolle)
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21
22	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
23	!! sbc_blk_init : initialisation of the chosen bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
24	!! sbc_blk : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
25	!! blk_oce : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
26	!! sea-ice case only :
27	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
28	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
29	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
30	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
31	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
32	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
33	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
34	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
35	USE phycst ! physical constants
36	USE fldread ! read input fields
37	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
38	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
39	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
40	USE sbcwave , ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
41	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
42	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
43	#if defined key_si3
44	USE ice , ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, a_i_b, at_i_b, t_su, rn_cnd_s, hfx_err_dif
45	USE icethd_dh ! for CALL ice_thd_snwblow
46	#endif
47	USE sbcblk_algo_ncar ! => turb_ncar : NCAR - CORE (Large & Yeager, 2009)
48	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p0 ! => turb_coare3p0 : COAREv3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
49	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p6 ! => turb_coare3p6 : COAREv3.6 (Fairall et al. 2018 + Edson et al. 2013)
50	USE sbcblk_algo_ecmwf ! => turb_ecmwf : ECMWF (IFS cycle 45r1)
51	!
52	USE iom ! I/O manager library
53	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
54	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
55	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
56	USE prtctl ! Print control
57
58	USE sbcblk_phy !LB: all thermodynamics functions in the marine boundary layer, rho_air, q_sat, etc...
59
60
61	IMPLICIT NONE
62	PRIVATE
63
64	PUBLIC sbc_blk_init ! called in sbcmod
65	PUBLIC sbc_blk ! called in sbcmod
66	#if defined key_si3
67	PUBLIC blk_ice_tau ! routine called in icesbc
68	PUBLIC blk_ice_flx ! routine called in icesbc
69	PUBLIC blk_ice_qcn ! routine called in icesbc
70	#endif
71
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld =10 ! maximum number of files to read
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
75	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 3 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
76	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
77	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 5 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
78	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 6 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
79	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
80	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
81	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_slp = 9 ! index of sea level pressure (Pa)
82	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif =10 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
83
84	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
85
86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_blk : bulk parameters
87	LOGICAL :: ln_NCAR ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
88	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p0 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
89	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p6 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
90	LOGICAL :: ln_ECMWF ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
91	!
92	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation
95	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress
96	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
97	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
98	!!gm ref namelist initialize it so remove the setting to false below
99	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L12 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2012)
100	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L15 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2015)
101	!
102	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Cd_atm ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
103	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ch_atm ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
104	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ce_atm ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
105	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: t_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
106	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: q_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
107	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce ! needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme
108
109	!LB:
110	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_cs ! use the cool-skin (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
111	LOGICAL :: ln_skin_wl ! use the warm-layer parameterization (only available in ECMWF and COARE algorithms) !LB
112	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_sph ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is specific humidity [kg/kg] if .true. !LB
113	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_dpt ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is dew-point temperature [K] if .true. !LB
114	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_rlh ! humidity read in files ("sn_humi") is relative humidity [%] if .true. !LB
115	!
116	INTEGER :: nhumi ! choice of the bulk algorithm
117	! ! associated indices:
118	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_sph = 1
119	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_dpt = 2
120	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_humi_rlh = 3
121	!LB.
122
123	INTEGER :: nblk ! choice of the bulk algorithm
124	! ! associated indices:
125	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_NCAR = 1 ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
126	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p0 = 2 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
127	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p6 = 3 ! "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
128	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_ECMWF = 4 ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)
129
130	!! * Substitutions
131	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
132	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
133	!! NEMO/OCE 4.0 , NEMO Consortium (2018)
134	!! $Id$
135	!! Software governed by the CeCILL license (see ./LICENSE)
136	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
137	CONTAINS
138
139	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc()
140	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
141	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_alloc *
142	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
143	ALLOCATE( Cd_atm (jpi,jpj), Ch_atm (jpi,jpj), Ce_atm (jpi,jpj), t_zu(jpi,jpj), q_zu(jpi,jpj), &
144	& cdn_oce(jpi,jpj), chn_oce(jpi,jpj), cen_oce(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_alloc )
145	!
146	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_alloc )
147	IF( sbc_blk_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
148	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc
149
150	!LB:
151	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_cswl_alloc()
152	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
153	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_cswl_alloc *
154	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
155	!WRITE(numout,) '** LB: allocating tsk!'
156	ALLOCATE( tsk(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_cswl_alloc )
157	!WRITE(numout,) '** LB: done!'
158	CALL mpp_sum ( 'sbcblk', sbc_blk_cswl_alloc )
159	IF( sbc_blk_cswl_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_cswl_alloc: failed to allocate arrays' )
160	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_cswl_alloc
161	!LB.
162
163
164	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
165	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
166	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_init *
167	!!
168	!! ** Purpose : choose and initialize a bulk formulae formulation
169	!!
170	!! ** Method :
171	!!
172	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
173	INTEGER :: ifpr, jfld ! dummy loop indice and argument
174	INTEGER :: ios, ierror, ioptio ! Local integer
175	!!
176	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of atmospheric forcing files
177	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
178	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
179	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
180	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_slp , sn_tdif ! " "
181	NAMELIST/namsbc_blk/ sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr, sn_qlw , & ! input fields
182	& sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_slp, sn_tdif, &
183	& ln_NCAR, ln_COARE_3p0, ln_COARE_3p6, ln_ECMWF, & ! bulk algorithm
184	& cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, &
185	& rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, ln_Cd_L12, ln_Cd_L15, &
186	& ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, ln_humi_sph, ln_humi_dpt, ln_humi_rlh ! cool-skin / warm-layer !LB
187	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
188	!
189	! ! allocate sbc_blk_core array
190	IF( sbc_blk_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
191	!
192	! !** read bulk namelist
193	REWIND( numnam_ref ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in reference namelist : bulk parameters
194	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
195	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in reference namelist', lwp )
196	!
197	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in configuration namelist : bulk parameters
198	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
199	902 IF( ios > 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in configuration namelist', lwp )
200	!
201	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_blk )
202	!
203	! !** initialization of the chosen bulk formulae (+ check)
204	! !* select the bulk chosen in the namelist and check the choice
205	ioptio = 0
206	IF( ln_NCAR ) THEN
207	nblk = np_NCAR ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
208	ENDIF
209	IF( ln_COARE_3p0 ) THEN
210	nblk = np_COARE_3p0 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
211	ENDIF
212	IF( ln_COARE_3p6 ) THEN
213	nblk = np_COARE_3p6 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
214	ENDIF
215	IF( ln_ECMWF ) THEN
216	nblk = np_ECMWF ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
217	ENDIF
218	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one bulk algorithm' )
219
220
221
222	!LB:
223	! !** initialization of the cool-skin / warm-layer parametrization
224	IF( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
225	IF ( ln_NCAR ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Cool-skin/warm-layer param. not compatible with NCAR algorithm!' )
226	! ! allocate array(s) for cool-skin/warm-layer param.
227	IF( sbc_blk_cswl_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
228	END IF
229	!
230	ioptio = 0
231	IF( ln_humi_sph ) THEN
232	nhumi = np_humi_sph ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
233	ENDIF
234	IF( ln_humi_dpt ) THEN
235	nhumi = np_humi_dpt ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
236	ENDIF
237	IF( ln_humi_rlh ) THEN
238	nhumi = np_humi_rlh ; ioptio = ioptio + 1
239	ENDIF
240	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one type of air humidity' )
241	!LB.
242
243	!
244	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN !* check: diurnal cycle on Qsr
245	IF( sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T only with daily short-wave input' )
246	IF( sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
247	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T daily qsr time interpolation done by sbcdcy module', &
248	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
249	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
250	ENDIF
251	ENDIF
252	! !* set the bulk structure
253	! !- store namelist information in an array
254	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
255	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
256	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
257	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
258	slf_i(jp_slp) = sn_slp ; slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
259	!
260	lhftau = ln_taudif !- add an extra field if HF stress is used
261	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT.lhftau/) )
262	!
263	! !- allocate the bulk structure
264	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror )
265	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_init: unable to allocate sf structure' )
266	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
267	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
268	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
269	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%nfreqh > 0. .AND. MOD( 3600. * slf_i(ifpr)%nfreqh , REAL(nn_fsbc) * rdt) /= 0. ) &
270	& CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: sbcmod timestep rdt*nn_fsbc is NOT a submultiple of atmospheric forcing frequency.', &
271	& ' This is not ideal. You should consider changing either rdt or nn_fsbc value...' )
272
273	END DO
274	! !- fill the bulk structure with namelist informations
275	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_init', 'surface boundary condition -- bulk formulae', 'namsbc_blk' )
276	!
277	IF ( ln_wave ) THEN
278	!Activated wave module but neither drag nor stokes drift activated
279	IF ( .NOT.(ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) ) THEN
280	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'Ask for wave coupling but ln_cdgw=F, ln_sdw=F, ln_tauwoc=F, ln_stcor=F' )
281	!drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core
282	ELSEIF (ln_cdgw .AND. .NOT. ln_NCAR ) THEN
283	CALL ctl_stop( 'drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with NCAR and CORE bulk formulae')
284	ELSEIF (ln_stcor .AND. .NOT. ln_sdw) THEN
285	CALL ctl_stop( 'Stokes-Coriolis term calculated only if activated Stokes Drift ln_sdw=T')
286	ENDIF
287	ELSE
288	IF ( ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) &
289	& CALL ctl_stop( 'Not Activated Wave Module (ln_wave=F) but asked coupling ', &
290	& 'with drag coefficient (ln_cdgw =T) ' , &
291	& 'or Stokes Drift (ln_sdw=T) ' , &
292	& 'or ocean stress modification due to waves (ln_tauwoc=T) ', &
293	& 'or Stokes-Coriolis term (ln_stcori=T)' )
294	ENDIF
295	!
296	!
297	IF(lwp) THEN !** Control print
298	!
299	WRITE(numout,) ! namelist
300	WRITE(numout,*) ' Namelist namsbc_blk (other than data information):'
301	WRITE(numout,*) ' "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008) ln_NCAR = ', ln_NCAR
302	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003) ln_COARE_3p0 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
303	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018 + Edson al 2013)ln_COARE_3p6 = ', ln_COARE_3p6
304	WRITE(numout,*) ' "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1) ln_ECMWF = ', ln_ECMWF
305	WRITE(numout,*) ' add High freq.contribution to the stress module ln_taudif = ', ln_taudif
306	WRITE(numout,*) ' Air temperature and humidity reference height (m) rn_zqt = ', rn_zqt
307	WRITE(numout,*) ' Wind vector reference height (m) rn_zu = ', rn_zu
308	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on precipitation (total & snow) rn_pfac = ', rn_pfac
309	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on evaporation rn_efac = ', rn_efac
310	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on ocean/ice velocity rn_vfac = ', rn_vfac
311	WRITE(numout,*) ' (form absolute (=0) to relative winds(=1))'
312	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2012 ln_Cd_L12 = ', ln_Cd_L12
313	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2015 ln_Cd_L15 = ', ln_Cd_L15
314	!
315	WRITE(numout,*)
316	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !* Print the choice of bulk algorithm
317	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)'
318	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)'
319	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.6" algorithm (Fairall 2018+Edson et al. 2013)'
320	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 45r1)'
321	END SELECT
322	!
323	WRITE(numout,*)
324	WRITE(numout,*) ' use cool-skin parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_cs = ', ln_skin_cs !LB
325	WRITE(numout,*) ' use warm-layer parameterization (SSST) ln_skin_wl = ', ln_skin_wl !LB
326	!
327	!LB:
328	WRITE(numout,*)
329	SELECT CASE( nhumi ) !* Print the choice of air humidity
330	CASE( np_humi_sph ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is SPECIFIC HUMIDITY [kg/kg]'
331	CASE( np_humi_dpt ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE [K]'
332	CASE( np_humi_rlh ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> air humidity is RELATIVE HUMIDITY [%]'
333	END SELECT
334	!LB.
335	!
336	ENDIF
337	!
338	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
339
340
341	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk( kt )
342	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
343	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk *
344	!!
345	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
346	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
347	!!
348	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
349	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
350	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
351	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
352	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
353	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
354	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
355	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
356	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
357	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
358	!! (2) CALL blk_oce
359	!!
360	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
361	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
362	!!
363	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
364	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
365	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
366	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
367	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
368	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
369	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
370	!!
371	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
372	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
373	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
374	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
375	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
376	!
377	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
378	!
379	IF( kt == nit000 ) tsk(:,:) = sst_m(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) ! no previous estimate of skin temperature => using bulk SST
380	!
381	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m ) ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using bulk formulea
382
383	#if defined key_cice
384	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
385	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(:,:,1)
386	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
387	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
388	ELSE
389	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
390	ENDIF
391	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
392	!LB:
393	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
394	CASE( np_humi_sph )
395	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
396	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
397	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
398	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
399	qatm_ice(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1)) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
400	END SELECT
401	!LB.
402	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
403	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
404	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
405	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
406	ENDIF
407	#endif
408	!
409	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk
410
411
412	SUBROUTINE blk_oce( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
413	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
414	!! * ROUTINE blk_oce *
415	!!
416	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
417	!! the ocean surface at each time step
418	!!
419	!! ** Method : bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
420	!! fields read in sbc_read
421	!!
422	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
423	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
424	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
425	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
426	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
427	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
428	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
429	!!
430	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
431	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
432	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
433	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
434	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
435	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
436	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
437	!
438	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
439	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! local variable
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zsq ! specific humidity at pst [kg/kg]
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zU_zu ! bulk wind speed at height zu [m/s]
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztpot ! potential temperature of air at z=rn_zqt [K]
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
448	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
449	!
450	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
451	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
452
453	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
454	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
455	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
456
457	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
458	!!gm move zwnd_i (_j) set to zero inside the key_cyclone ???
459	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0._wp
460	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0._wp
461	#if defined key_cyclone
462	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
463	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
464	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
465	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
466	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
467	END DO
468	END DO
469	#endif
470	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
471	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
472	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
473	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
474	END DO
475	END DO
476	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', zwnd_i, 'T', -1., zwnd_j, 'T', -1. )
477	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
478	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
479	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
480
481	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
482	! I Solar FLUX !
483	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
484
485	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
486	zztmp = 1. - albo
487	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN
488	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
489	ELSE
490	qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
491	ENDIF
492
493
494	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
495	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
496	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
497
498	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST tmask(
499	zsq(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
500
501	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
502	zqsb(:,:) = zst(:,:) !LB: using array zqsb to backup original zst before skin action
503	zqla(:,:) = zsq(:,:) !LB: using array zqla to backup original zsq before skin action
504	END IF
505
506	!LB:
507	! zqair = specific humidity of air at "rn_zqt" m above thes sea:
508	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
509	CASE( np_humi_sph )
510	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
511	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
512	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
513	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
514	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
515	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
516	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
517	END SELECT
518	!LB.
519
520	!! Estimate of potential temperature at z=rn_zqt, based on adiabatic lapse-rate
521	!! (see Josey, Gulev & Yu, 2013) / doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00005-2
522	!! (since reanalysis products provide absolute temperature "T" at z, not theta !)
523	ztpot = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) + gamma_moist( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), zqair(:,:) ) * rn_zqt
524
525
526	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
527
528	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
529
530	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
531	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p0" WITH CSWL options!!!, gdept_1d(1)=', gdept_1d(1) !LBrm
532	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.0
533	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
534	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
535
536	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
537	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p6" WITH CSWL options!!!, gdept_1d(1)=', gdept_1d(1) !LBrm
538	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.6
539	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
540	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
541
542	CASE( np_ECMWF )
543	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_ecmwf" WITH CSWL options!!!, gdept_1d(1)=', gdept_1d(1) !LBrm
544	CALL turb_ecmwf ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, & ! ECMWF
545	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce, &
546	& Qsw=qsr(:,:), rad_lw=sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1), slp=sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
547
548	CASE DEFAULT
549	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: unsuported bulk formula selection for "ln_skin_*==.true."' )
550	END SELECT
551
552	!! In the presence of sea-ice we forget about the cool-skin/warm-layer update of zst and zsq:
553	WHERE ( fr_i < 0.001_wp )
554	! zst and zsq have been updated by cool-skin/warm-layer scheme and we keep it!!!
555	zst(:,:) = zst(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
556	zsq(:,:) = zsq(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1)
557	ELSEWHERE
558	! we forget about the update...
559	zst(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) !LB: using what we backed up before skin-algo
560	zsq(:,:) = zqla(:,:) !LB: " " "
561	END WHERE
562
563	!LB: Update of tsk, the "official" array for skin temperature
564	tsk(:,:) = zst(:,:)
565
566	ELSE !IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl )
567
568
569	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
570	!
571	CASE( np_NCAR )
572	CALL turb_ncar ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, & ! NCAR-COREv2
573	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
574
575	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 )
576	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p0" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!' !LBrm
577	CALL turb_coare3p0 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.0
578	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
579
580	CASE( np_COARE_3p6 )
581	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_coare3p6" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!' !LBrm
582	CALL turb_coare3p6 ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl,& ! COARE v3.6
583	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
584
585	CASE( np_ECMWF )
586	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_oce => calling "turb_ecmwf" WITHOUT CSWL optional arrays!!!' !LBrm
587	CALL turb_ecmwf ( kt, rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, zqair, wndm, ln_skin_cs, ln_skin_wl, & ! ECMWF
588	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
589
590	CASE DEFAULT
591	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: non-existing bulk formula selected' )
592	END SELECT
593
594	END IF ! IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl )
595
596	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_oce", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
597	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_oce", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
598
599	IF( ABS(rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.1_wp ) THEN
600	!! If zu == zt, then ensuring once for all that:
601	t_zu(:,:) = ztpot(:,:)
602	q_zu(:,:) = zqair(:,:)
603	END IF
604
605
606	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean => TURB_FLUXES @ sbcblk_phy.F90
607	! -------------------------------------------------------------
608
609	CALL TURB_FLUXES( rn_zu, zst(:,:), zsq(:,:), t_zu(:,:), q_zu(:,:), Cd_atm(:,:), Ch_atm(:,:), Ce_atm(:,:), &
610	& wndm(:,:), zU_zu(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1), &
611	& taum(:,:), zqsb(:,:), zqla(:,:), &
612	& pEvap=zevap(:,:), prhoa=rhoa(:,:) )
613
614	zqla(:,:) = zqla(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
615	zqsb(:,:) = zqsb(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
616	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
617	zevap(:,:) = zevap(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
618
619	DO jj = 1, jpj ! tau i and j component on T-grid points
620	DO ji = 1, jpi
621	zztmp = taum(ji,jj) / wndm(ji,jj)
622	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
623	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
624	END DO
625	END DO
626	! ! add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module
627	IF( lhftau ) taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
628
629	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
630
631	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
632	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
633	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
634	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
635	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
636	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
637	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
638	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
639	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
640	END DO
641	END DO
642	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau, 'U', -1., vtau, 'V', -1. )
643
644
645	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
646	! III Net longwave radiative FLUX !
647	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
648
649	!! LB: now moved after Turbulent fluxes because must use the skin temperature rather that the SST ! (zst is skin temperature if ln_skin_cs==.TRUE. .OR. ln_skin_wl==.TRUE.)
650	zqlw(:,:) = emiss_w * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - stefanzst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1) ! Net radiative longwave flux
651
652
653	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
654	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zevap , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zevap : ') !LB
655	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce_atm , clinfo2=' Ce_oce : ' )
656	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch_atm , clinfo2=' Ch_oce : ' )
657	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
658	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zsq , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zsq : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
659	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
660	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ', mask2=vmask )
661	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce: wndm : ')
662	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zst : ')
663	ENDIF
664
665	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
666	! IV Total FLUXES !
667	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
668	!
669	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
670	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
671	!
672	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
673	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * rLfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
674	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST !LB??? pst is Celsius !?
675	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
676	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
677	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
678	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi
679	qns(:,:) = qns(:,:) * tmask(:,:,1)
680	!
681	#if defined key_si3
682	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) + zqsb(:,:) + zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by SI3)
683	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
684	#endif
685	!
686	!!#LB: NO WHY???? IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
687	CALL iom_put( "rho_air" , rhoa ) ! output air density (kg/m^3) !#LB
688	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
689	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
690	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
691	CALL iom_put( "evap_oce" , zevap ) ! evaporation
692	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce" , qns-zqlw-zqsb-zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
693	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
694	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
695	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
696	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
697	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
698	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow
699	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
700	IF ( ln_skin_cs .OR. ln_skin_wl ) THEN
701	CALL iom_put( "t_skin" , (zst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin in Celsius
702	CALL iom_put( "dt_skin" , (zst - pst - rt0) * tmask(:,:,1) ) ! T_skin - SST temperature difference...
703	END IF
704	!!#LB. ENDIF
705	!
706	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
707	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
708	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
709	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
710	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
711	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
712	ENDIF
713	!
714	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce
715
716
717
718	#if defined key_si3
719	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
720	!! 'key_si3' SI3 sea-ice model
721	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
722	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
723	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
724	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating conduction flux)
725	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
726	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
727	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
728
729	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
730	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
731	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_tau *
732	!!
733	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
734	!!
735	!! ** Method : compute momentum using bulk formulation
736	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
737	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
738	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
739	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
740	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_f , zwndj_f, zwnorm_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
741	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
742	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
743	!
744	! set transfer coefficients to default sea-ice values
745	Cd_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
746	Ch_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
747	Ce_atm(:,:) = rCd_ice
748
749	wndm_ice(:,:) = 0._wp !!gm brutal....
750
751	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
752	! Wind module relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
753	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
754	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
755	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
756	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
757	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
758	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
759	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
760	END DO
761	END DO
762	CALL lbc_lnk( 'sbcblk', wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
763	!
764	! Make ice-atm. drag dependent on ice concentration
765	IF ( ln_Cd_L12 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2012) equations
766	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd_atm )
767	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) ! momentum and heat transfer coef. are considered identical
768	ELSEIF( ln_Cd_L15 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2015) equations
769	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd_atm, Ch_atm )
770	ENDIF
771
772	!! CALL iom_put( "rCd_ice", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
773	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_ice", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
774
775	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
776
777	!!gm brutal....
778	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
779	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
780	!!gm end
781
782	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
783	! Wind stress relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
784	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
785	! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
786	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
787	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
788	utau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
789	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
790	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * rhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
791	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
792	END DO
793	END DO
794	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', utau_ice, 'U', -1., vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
795	!
796	!
797	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
798	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
799	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: wndm_ice : ')
800	ENDIF
801	!
802	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
803
804
805	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx( ptsu, phs, phi, palb )
806	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
807	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_flx *
808	!!
809	!! ** Purpose : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
810	!!
811	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
812	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using bulk formulation
813	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
814	!!
815	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
816	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
817	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
818	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phs ! snow thickness
819	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phi ! ice thickness
820	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
821	!!
822	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
823	REAL(wp) :: zst3 ! local variable
824	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla ! - -
825	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_rLsub ! - -
826	REAL(wp) :: zfr1, zfr2 ! local variables
827	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z1_st ! inverse of surface temperature
828	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
829	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
830	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
831	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
832	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (SI3)
833	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqair ! specific humidity of air at z=rn_zqt [kg/kg] !LB
834	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
835	!
836	zcoef_dqlw = 4._wp * 0.95_wp * stefan ! local scalars
837	zcoef_dqla = -rLsub * 11637800._wp * (-5897.8_wp) !LB: BAD!
838	!
839
840	!LB:
841	SELECT CASE( nhumi )
842	CASE( np_humi_sph )
843	zqair(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ! what we read in file is already a spec. humidity!
844	CASE( np_humi_dpt )
845	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of d_air and slp !' !LBrm
846	zqair(:,:) = q_sat( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
847	CASE( np_humi_rlh )
848	IF (lwp) WRITE(numout,) ' ** blk_ice_flx => computing q_air out of RH, t_air and slp !' !LBrm
849	zqair(:,:) = q_air_rh( 0.01_wp*sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) !LB: 0.01 => RH is % percent in file
850	END SELECT
851	!LB.
852
853	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
854	WHERE( ptsu(:,:,:) /= 0._wp )
855	z1_st(:,:,:) = 1._wp / ptsu(:,:,:)
856	ELSEWHERE
857	z1_st(:,:,:) = 0._wp
858	END WHERE
859	! ! ========================== !
860	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
861	! ! ========================== !
862	DO jj = 1 , jpj
863	DO ji = 1, jpi
864	! ----------------------------!
865	! I Radiative FLUXES !
866	! ----------------------------!
867	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
868	! Short Wave (sw)
869	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
870	! Long Wave (lw)
871	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - stefan * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
872	! lw sensitivity
873	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
874
875	! ----------------------------!
876	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
877	! ----------------------------!
878
879	! ... turbulent heat fluxes with Ch_atm recalculated in blk_ice_tau
880	! Sensible Heat
881	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * (ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
882	! Latent Heat
883	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa(ji,jj) * rLsub * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
884	& ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa(ji,jj) - zqair(ji,jj) ) )
885	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
886	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
887	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
888	& z1_st(ji,jj,jl)z1_st(ji,jj,jl) EXP(-5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl))
889	ELSE
890	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
891	ENDIF
892
893	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
894	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa(ji,jj) * rCp_air * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
895
896	! ----------------------------!
897	! III Total FLUXES !
898	! ----------------------------!
899	! Downward Non Solar flux
900	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
901	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
902	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
903	END DO
904	!
905	END DO
906	!
907	END DO
908	!
909	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
910	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * tmask(:,:,1) ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
911	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow precipitation
912	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
913
914	! --- evaporation --- !
915	z1_rLsub = 1._wp / rLsub
916	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! sublimation
917	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_rLsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
918	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
919
920	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
921	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
922	CALL ice_thd_snwblow( (1.-at_i_b(:,:)), zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
923	emp_oce(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
924	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
925	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
926
927	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
928	qemp_oce(:,:) = - ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
929	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
930	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
931	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
932	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
933	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
934
935	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
936	qns_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) &
937	& + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
938	qsr_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
939
940	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
941	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhos * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0 ) - rt0 ) * rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) - rLfus )
942
943	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) ---
944	DO jl = 1, jpl
945	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) rcpi * tmask(:,:,1) )
946	! ! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0degC => evap=0
947	END DO
948
949	! --- shortwave radiation transmitted below the surface (W/m2, see Grenfell Maykut 77) --- !
950	zfr1 = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice ) ! transmission when hi>10cm
951	zfr2 = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice ) ! zfr2 such that zfr1 + zfr2 to equal 1
952	!
953	WHERE ( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) < 0.1_wp ) ! linear decrease from hi=0 to 10cm
954	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * ( zfr1 + zfr2 * ( 1._wp - phi(:,:,:) * 10._wp ) )
955	ELSEWHERE( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) >= 0.1_wp ) ! constant (zfr1) when hi>10cm
956	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * zfr1
957	ELSEWHERE ! zero when hs>0
958	qtr_ice_top(:,:,:) = 0._wp
959	END WHERE
960	!
961	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
962	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
963	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
964	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
965	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
966	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
967	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
968	ENDIF
969	!
970	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx
971
972
973	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn( ld_virtual_itd, ptsu, ptb, phs, phi )
974	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
975	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_qcn *
976	!!
977	!! ** Purpose : Compute surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux
978	!! to force sea ice / snow thermodynamics
979	!! in the case conduction flux is emulated
980	!!
981	!! ** Method : compute surface energy balance assuming neglecting heat storage
982	!! following the 0-layer Semtner (1976) approach
983	!!
984	!! ** Outputs : - ptsu : sea-ice / snow surface temperature (K)
985	!! - qcn_ice : surface inner conduction flux (W/m2)
986	!!
987	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
988	LOGICAL , INTENT(in ) :: ld_virtual_itd ! single-category option
989	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(inout) :: ptsu ! sea ice / snow surface temperature
990	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: ptb ! sea ice base temperature
991	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phs ! snow thickness
992	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phi ! sea ice thickness
993	!
994	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nit = 10 ! number of iterations
995	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zepsilon = 0.1_wp ! characteristic thickness for enhanced conduction
996	!
997	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
998	INTEGER :: iter ! local integer
999	REAL(wp) :: zfac, zfac2, zfac3 ! local scalars
1000	REAL(wp) :: zkeff_h, ztsu, ztsu0 !
1001	REAL(wp) :: zqc, zqnet !
1002	REAL(wp) :: zhe, zqa0 !
1003	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: zgfac ! enhanced conduction factor
1004	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
1005
1006	! -------------------------------------!
1007	! I Enhanced conduction factor !
1008	! -------------------------------------!
1009	! Emulates the enhancement of conduction by unresolved thin ice (ld_virtual_itd = T)
1010	! Fichefet and Morales Maqueda, JGR 1997
1011	!
1012	zgfac(:,:,:) = 1._wp
1013
1014	IF( ld_virtual_itd ) THEN
1015	!
1016	zfac = 1._wp / ( rn_cnd_s + rcnd_i )
1017	zfac2 = EXP(1._wp) * 0.5_wp * zepsilon
1018	zfac3 = 2._wp / zepsilon
1019	!
1020	DO jl = 1, jpl
1021	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1022	DO ji = 1, jpi
1023	zhe = ( rn_cnd_s * phi(ji,jj,jl) + rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zfac ! Effective thickness
1024	IF( zhe >= zfac2 ) zgfac(ji,jj,jl) = MIN( 2._wp, 0.5_wp * ( 1._wp + LOG( zhe * zfac3 ) ) ) ! Enhanced conduction factor
1025	END DO
1026	END DO
1027	END DO
1028	!
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1032	! II Surface temperature and conduction flux !
1033	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1034	!
1035	zfac = rcnd_i * rn_cnd_s
1036	!
1037	DO jl = 1, jpl
1038	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1039	DO ji = 1, jpi
1040	!
1041	zkeff_h = zfac * zgfac(ji,jj,jl) / & ! Effective conductivity of the snow-ice system divided by thickness
1042	& ( rcnd_i * phs(ji,jj,jl) + rn_cnd_s * MAX( 0.01, phi(ji,jj,jl) ) )
1043	ztsu = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store current iteration temperature
1044	ztsu0 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store initial surface temperature
1045	zqa0 = qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) ! Net initial atmospheric heat flux
1046	!
1047	DO iter = 1, nit ! --- Iterative loop
1048	zqc = zkeff_h * ( ztsu - ptb(ji,jj) ) ! Conduction heat flux through snow-ice system (>0 downwards)
1049	zqnet = zqa0 + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ztsu - ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) - zqc ! Surface energy budget
1050	ztsu = ztsu - zqnet / ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - zkeff_h ) ! Temperature update
1051	END DO
1052	!
1053	ptsu (ji,jj,jl) = MIN( rt0, ztsu )
1054	qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zkeff_h * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ptb(ji,jj) )
1055	qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 )
1056	qml_ice(ji,jj,jl) = ( qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qtr_ice_top(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) ) &
1057	& * MAX( 0._wp , SIGN( 1._wp, ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - rt0 ) )
1058
1059	! --- Diagnose the heat loss due to changing non-solar flux (as in icethd_zdf_bl99) --- !
1060	hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) = hfx_err_dif(ji,jj) - ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 ) ) * a_i_b(ji,jj,jl)
1061
1062	END DO
1063	END DO
1064	!
1065	END DO
1066	!
1067	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn
1068
1069
1070	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd )
1071	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1072	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012 *
1073	!!
1074	!! ** Purpose : Recompute the neutral air-ice drag referenced at 10m
1075	!! to make it dependent on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows.
1076	!! After some approximations, this can be resumed to a dependency
1077	!! on ice concentration.
1078	!!
1079	!! ** Method : The parameterization is taken from Lupkes et al. (2012) eq.(50)
1080	!! with the highest level of approximation: level4, eq.(59)
1081	!! The generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice can be re-written as follows:
1082	!!
1083	!! Cd = Cdw * (1-A) + Cdi * A + Ce * (1-A)*(nu+1/(10beta)) * A**mu
1084	!!
1085	!! Ce = 2.23e-3 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1086	!! nu = mu = beta = 1 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1087	!! A is the concentration of ice minus melt ponds (if any)
1088	!!
1089	!! This new drag has a parabolic shape (as a function of A) starting at
1090	!! Cdw(say 1.5e-3) for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A~0.5
1091	!! and going down to Cdi(say 1.4e-3) for A=1
1092	!!
1093	!! It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ)
1094	!! => see Lupkes et al (2013)
1095	!!
1096	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2012 (theory)
1097	!! Lupkes et al. GRL 2013 (application to GCM)
1098	!!
1099	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1100	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1101	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zCe = 2.23e-03_wp
1102	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: znu = 1._wp
1103	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zmu = 1._wp
1104	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1._wp
1105	REAL(wp) :: zcoef
1106	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1107	zcoef = znu + 1._wp / ( 10._wp * zbeta )
1108
1109	! generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice
1110	!!Cd(:,:) = Cd_oce(:,:) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) + & ! pure ocean drag
1111	!! & rCd_ice * at_i_b(:,:) + & ! pure ice drag
1112	!! & zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**zmu ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1113
1114	! ice-atm drag
1115	Cd(:,:) = rCd_ice + & ! pure ice drag
1116	& zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**(zmu-1._wp) ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1117
1118	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012
1119
1120
1121	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd, Ch )
1122	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1123	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015 *
1124	!!
1125	!! ** pUrpose : Alternative turbulent transfert coefficients formulation
1126	!! between sea-ice and atmosphere with distinct momentum
1127	!! and heat coefficients depending on sea-ice concentration
1128	!! and atmospheric stability (no meltponds effect for now).
1129	!!
1130	!! ** Method : The parameterization is adapted from Lupkes et al. (2015)
1131	!! and ECHAM6 atmospheric model. Compared to Lupkes2012 scheme,
1132	!! it considers specific skin and form drags (Andreas et al. 2010)
1133	!! to compute neutral transfert coefficients for both heat and
1134	!! momemtum fluxes. Atmospheric stability effect on transfert
1135	!! coefficient is also taken into account following Louis (1979).
1136	!!
1137	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2015 (theory)
1138	!! Lupkes et al. ECHAM6 documentation 2015 (implementation)
1139	!!
1140	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1141	!
1142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Ch
1144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztm_su, zst, zqo_sat, zqi_sat
1145	!
1146	! ECHAM6 constants
1147	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_skin_ice = 0.69e-3_wp ! Eq. 43 [m]
1148	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_form_ice = 0.57e-3_wp ! Eq. 42 [m]
1149	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_ice = 1.00e-3_wp ! Eq. 15 [m]
1150	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zce10 = 2.80e-3_wp ! Eq. 41
1151	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1.1_wp ! Eq. 41
1152	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc = 5._wp ! Eq. 13
1153	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc2 = zc * zc
1154	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zam = 2. * zc ! Eq. 14
1155	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zah = 3. * zc ! Eq. 30
1156	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alpha = 1._wp / 0.2_wp ! Eq. 51
1157	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alphaf = z1_alpha ! Eq. 56
1158	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbetah = 1.e-3_wp ! Eq. 26
1159	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zgamma = 1.25_wp ! Eq. 26
1160	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_gamma = 1._wp / zgamma
1161	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: r1_3 = 1._wp / 3._wp
1162	!
1163	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
1164	REAL(wp) :: zthetav_os, zthetav_is, zthetav_zu
1165	REAL(wp) :: zrib_o, zrib_i
1166	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_skin_ice, zCdn_form_ice, zCdn_ice
1167	REAL(wp) :: zChn_skin_ice, zChn_form_ice
1168	REAL(wp) :: z0w, z0i, zfmi, zfmw, zfhi, zfhw
1169	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_form_tmp
1170	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1171
1172	! mean temperature
1173	WHERE( at_i_b(:,:) > 1.e-20 )
1174	ztm_su(:,:) = SUM( t_su(:,:,:) * a_i_b(:,:,:) , dim=3 ) / at_i_b(:,:)
1175	ELSEWHERE
1176	ztm_su(:,:) = rt0
1177	ENDWHERE
1178
1179	! Momentum Neutral Transfert Coefficients (should be a constant)
1180	zCdn_form_tmp = zce10 * ( LOG( 10._wp / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) / LOG( rn_zu / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 40
1181	zCdn_skin_ice = ( vkarmn / LOG( rn_zu / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 7
1182	zCdn_ice = zCdn_skin_ice ! Eq. 7 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1183	!zCdn_ice = 1.89e-3 ! old ECHAM5 value (cf Eq. 32)
1184
1185	! Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1186	zChn_skin_ice = vkarmn*2 / ( LOG( rn_zu / z0_ice + 1._wp ) LOG( rn_zu * z1_alpha / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) ) ! Eq. 50 + Eq. 52 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1187
1188	! Atmospheric and Surface Variables
1189	zst(:,:) = sst_m(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin
1190	zqo_sat(:,:) = rdct_qsat_salt * q_sat( zst(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1191	zqi_sat(:,:) = q_sat( ztm_su(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg] !LB: no 0.98 !!(rdct_qsat_salt)
1192	!
1193	DO jj = 2, jpjm1 ! reduced loop is necessary for reproducibility
1194	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1
1195	! Virtual potential temperature [K]
1196	zthetav_os = zst(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqo_sat(ji,jj) ) ! over ocean
1197	zthetav_is = ztm_su(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqi_sat(ji,jj) ) ! ocean ice
1198	zthetav_zu = t_zu (ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * q_zu(ji,jj) ) ! at zu
1199
1200	! Bulk Richardson Number (could use Ri_bulk function from aerobulk instead)
1201	zrib_o = grav / zthetav_os * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_os ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ocean
1202	zrib_i = grav / zthetav_is * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_is ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm_ice(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ice
1203
1204	! Momentum and Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1205	zCdn_form_ice = zCdn_form_tmp * at_i_b(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) )**zbeta ! Eq. 40
1206	zChn_form_ice = zCdn_form_ice / ( 1._wp + ( LOG( z1_alphaf ) / vkarmn ) * SQRT( zCdn_form_ice ) ) ! Eq. 53
1207
1208	! Momentum and Heat Stability functions (possibility to use psi_m_ecmwf instead)
1209	z0w = rn_zu * EXP( -1._wp * vkarmn / SQRT( Cdn_oce(ji,jj) ) ) ! over water
1210	z0i = z0_skin_ice ! over ice (cf Lupkes email for details)
1211	IF( zrib_o <= 0._wp ) THEN
1212	zfmw = 1._wp - zam * zrib_o / ( 1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * Cdn_oce(ji,jj) * SQRT( -zrib_o * ( rn_zu / z0w + 1._wp ) ) ) ! Eq. 10
1213	zfhw = ( 1._wp + ( zbetah * ( zthetav_os - zthetav_zu )*r1_3 / ( Chn_oce(ji,jj) MAX(0.01, wndm(ji,jj)) ) & ! Eq. 26
1214	& )zgamma )z1_gamma
1215	ELSE
1216	zfmw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 12
1217	zfhw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 28
1218	ENDIF
1219
1220	IF( zrib_i <= 0._wp ) THEN
1221	zfmi = 1._wp - zam * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 9
1222	zfhi = 1._wp - zah * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 25
1223	ELSE
1224	zfmi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 11
1225	zfhi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 27
1226	ENDIF
1227
1228	! Momentum Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 38)
1229	Cd(ji,jj) = zCdn_skin_ice * zfmi + &
1230	& zCdn_form_ice * ( zfmi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfmw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1231
1232	! Heat Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 49)
1233	Ch(ji,jj) = zChn_skin_ice * zfhi + &
1234	& zChn_form_ice * ( zfhi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfhw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1235	!
1236	END DO
1237	END DO
1238	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( 'sbcblk', Cd, 'T', 1., Ch, 'T', 1. )
1239	!
1240	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015
1241
1242	#endif
1243
1244	!!======================================================================
1245	END MODULE sbcblk

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