[12015] | 1 | MODULE sbcblk_skin_coare |
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| 2 | !!====================================================================== |
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| 3 | !! *** MODULE sbcblk_skin_coare *** |
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| 4 | !! |
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| 5 | !! Module that gathers the cool-skin and warm-layer parameterization used |
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| 6 | !! in the COARE family of bulk parameterizations. |
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| 7 | !! |
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| 8 | !! Based on the last update for version COARE 3.6 (Fairall et al., 2019) |
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| 9 | !! |
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| 10 | !! Module 'sbcblk_skin_coare' also maintained and developed in AeroBulk (as |
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| 11 | !! 'mod_skin_coare') |
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| 12 | !! (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk) !! |
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| 13 | !! ** Author: L. Brodeau, November 2019 / AeroBulk (https://github.com/brodeau/aerobulk) |
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| 14 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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[14021] | 15 | !! History : 4.0 ! 2019-11 (L.Brodeau) Original code |
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[12015] | 16 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 17 | USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers |
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| 18 | USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain |
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| 19 | USE phycst ! physical constants |
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| 20 | USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields |
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| 21 | |
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[13719] | 22 | USE sbc_phy ! Catalog of functions for physical/meteorological parameters in the marine boundary layer |
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[12015] | 23 | |
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| 24 | USE sbcdcy !#LB: to know hour of dawn and dusk: rdawn_dcy and rdusk_dcy (needed in WL_COARE) |
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| 25 | |
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| 26 | USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library |
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| 27 | USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager |
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| 28 | USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero |
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| 29 | |
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| 30 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 31 | PRIVATE |
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| 32 | |
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| 33 | PUBLIC :: CS_COARE, WL_COARE |
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[12340] | 34 | !! * Substitutions |
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| 35 | # include "do_loop_substitute.h90" |
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[12015] | 36 | |
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| 37 | !! Cool-skin related parameters: |
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| 38 | REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:), PUBLIC :: dT_cs !: dT due to cool-skin effect |
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| 39 | ! ! => temperature difference between air-sea interface (z=0) |
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| 40 | ! ! and right below viscous layer (z=delta) |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | !! Warm-layer related parameters: |
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| 43 | REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:), PUBLIC :: dT_wl !: dT due to warm-layer effect |
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| 44 | ! ! => difference between "almost surface (right below |
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| 45 | ! ! viscous layer, z=delta) and depth of bulk SST (z=gdept_1d(1)) |
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| 46 | REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:), PUBLIC :: Hz_wl !: depth (aka thickness) of warm-layer [m] |
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| 47 | REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:), PUBLIC :: Qnt_ac !: time integral / accumulated heat stored by the warm layer |
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| 48 | ! ! Qxdt => [J/m^2] (reset to zero every midnight) |
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| 49 | REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:), PUBLIC :: Tau_ac !: time integral / accumulated momentum |
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| 50 | ! ! Tauxdt => [N.s/m^2] (reset to zero every midnight) |
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| 51 | |
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| 52 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: Hwl_max = 20._wp !: maximum depth of warm layer (adjustable) |
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| 53 | ! |
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| 54 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rich = 0.65_wp !: critical Richardson number |
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| 55 | ! |
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| 56 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zfr0 = 0.5_wp !: initial value of solar flux absorption |
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| 57 | ! |
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| 58 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 59 | CONTAINS |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | |
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| 62 | SUBROUTINE CS_COARE( pQsw, pQnsol, pustar, pSST, pQlat ) |
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| 63 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 64 | !! |
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| 65 | !! Cool-skin parameterization, based on Fairall et al., 1996, |
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| 66 | !! revisited for COARE 3.6 (Fairall et al., 2019) |
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| 67 | !! |
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| 68 | !! Fairall, C. W., Bradley, E. F., Godfrey, J. S., Wick, G. A., |
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| 69 | !! Edson, J. B., and Young, G. S. ( 1996), Cool‐skin and warm‐layer |
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| 70 | !! effects on sea surface temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 101( C1), 1295-1308, |
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| 71 | !! doi:10.1029/95JC03190. |
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| 72 | !! |
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| 73 | !!------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| 74 | !! |
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| 75 | !! ** INPUT: |
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| 76 | !! *pQsw* surface net solar radiation into the ocean [W/m^2] => >= 0 ! |
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| 77 | !! *pQnsol* surface net non-solar heat flux into the ocean [W/m^2] => normally < 0 ! |
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| 78 | !! *pustar* friction velocity u* [m/s] |
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| 79 | !! *pSST* bulk SST (taken at depth gdept_1d(1)) [K] |
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| 80 | !! *pQlat* surface latent heat flux [K] |
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| 81 | !!------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| 82 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pQsw ! net solar a.k.a shortwave radiation into the ocean (after albedo) [W/m^2] |
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| 83 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pQnsol ! non-solar heat flux to the ocean [W/m^2] |
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| 84 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pustar ! friction velocity, temperature and humidity (u*,t*,q*) |
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| 85 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pSST ! bulk SST [K] |
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| 86 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pQlat ! latent heat flux [W/m^2] |
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| 87 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 88 | INTEGER :: ji, jj, jc |
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| 89 | REAL(wp) :: zQabs, zdlt, zfr, zalfa, zqlat, zus |
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| 90 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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[13460] | 91 | DO_2D( nn_hls, nn_hls, nn_hls, nn_hls ) |
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[12015] | 92 | |
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[12340] | 93 | zQabs = pQnsol(ji,jj) ! first guess of heat flux absorbed within the viscous sublayer of thicknes delta, |
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| 94 | ! ! => we DO not miss a lot assuming 0 solar flux absorbed in the tiny layer of thicknes zdlt... |
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[12015] | 95 | |
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[12340] | 96 | zalfa = alpha_sw(pSST(ji,jj)) ! (crude) thermal expansion coefficient of sea-water [1/K] |
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| 97 | zqlat = pQlat(ji,jj) |
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| 98 | zus = pustar(ji,jj) |
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[12015] | 99 | |
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| 100 | |
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[12340] | 101 | zdlt = delta_skin_layer( zalfa, zQabs, zqlat, zus ) |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | DO jc = 1, 4 ! because implicit in terms of zdlt... |
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| 104 | zfr = MAX( 0.137_wp + 11._wp*zdlt & |
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| 105 | & - 6.6E-5_wp/zdlt*(1._wp - EXP(-zdlt/8.E-4_wp)) & |
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| 106 | & , 0.01_wp ) ! Solar absorption, Eq.16 (Fairall al. 1996b) |
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| 107 | ! !LB: why 0.065 and not 0.137 like in the paper??? Beljaars & Zeng use 0.065, not 0.137 ! |
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| 108 | zQabs = pQnsol(ji,jj) + zfr*pQsw(ji,jj) |
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[12015] | 109 | zdlt = delta_skin_layer( zalfa, zQabs, zqlat, zus ) |
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[12340] | 110 | END DO |
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[12015] | 111 | |
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[12340] | 112 | dT_cs(ji,jj) = zQabs*zdlt/rk0_w ! temperature increment, yes dT_cs can actually > 0, if Qabs > 0 (rare but possible!) |
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[12015] | 113 | |
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[12340] | 114 | END_2D |
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[12015] | 115 | |
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| 116 | END SUBROUTINE CS_COARE |
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| 117 | |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | SUBROUTINE WL_COARE( pQsw, pQnsol, pTau, pSST, iwait ) |
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| 120 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 121 | !! |
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| 122 | !! Warm-Layer scheme according to COARE 3.6 (Fairall et al, 2019) |
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| 123 | !! ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| 124 | !! |
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| 125 | !! ** INPUT: |
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| 126 | !! *pQsw* surface net solar radiation into the ocean [W/m^2] => >= 0 ! |
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| 127 | !! *pQnsol* surface net non-solar heat flux into the ocean [W/m^2] => normally < 0 ! |
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| 128 | !! *pTau* surface wind stress [N/m^2] |
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| 129 | !! *pSST* bulk SST (taken at depth gdept_1d(1)) [K] |
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| 130 | !! *iwait* if /= 0 then wait before updating accumulated fluxes, we are within a converging itteration loop... |
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| 131 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 132 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pQsw ! surface net solar radiation into the ocean [W/m^2] => >= 0 ! |
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| 133 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pQnsol ! surface net non-solar heat flux into the ocean [W/m^2] => normally < 0 ! |
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| 134 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pTau ! wind stress [N/m^2] |
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| 135 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pSST ! bulk SST at depth gdept_1d(1) [K] |
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| 136 | INTEGER , INTENT(in) :: iwait ! if /= 0 then wait before updating accumulated fluxes |
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| 137 | !! |
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| 138 | INTEGER :: ji,jj |
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| 139 | ! |
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| 140 | REAL(wp) :: zdTwl, zHwl, zQabs, zfr |
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| 141 | REAL(wp) :: zqac, ztac |
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| 142 | REAL(wp) :: zalfa, zcd1, zcd2, flg |
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| 143 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | REAL(wp) :: ztime, znoon, zmidn |
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| 146 | INTEGER :: jl |
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| 147 | |
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| 148 | LOGICAL :: l_exit, l_destroy_wl |
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| 149 | |
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| 150 | !! INITIALIZATION: |
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| 151 | zQabs = 0._wp ! total heat flux absorped in warm layer |
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| 152 | zfr = zfr0 ! initial value of solar flux absorption !#LB: save it and use previous value !!! |
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| 153 | |
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| 154 | IF( .NOT. ln_dm2dc ) CALL sbc_dcy_param() ! we need to call sbc_dcy_param (sbcdcy.F90) because rdawn_dcy and rdusk_dcy are unkonwn otherwize! |
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| 155 | |
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| 156 | ztime = REAL(nsec_day,wp)/(24._wp*3600._wp) ! time of current time step since 00:00 for current day (UTC) -> ztime = 0 -> 00:00 / ztime = 0.5 -> 12:00 ... |
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| 157 | |
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[13460] | 158 | DO_2D( nn_hls, nn_hls, nn_hls, nn_hls ) |
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[12015] | 159 | |
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[12340] | 160 | l_exit = .FALSE. |
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| 161 | l_destroy_wl = .FALSE. |
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[12015] | 162 | |
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[12340] | 163 | zdTwl = dT_wl(ji,jj) ! value of previous time step as first guess |
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| 164 | zHwl = MAX( MIN(Hz_wl(ji,jj),Hwl_max),0.1_wp) ! " " " |
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[12015] | 165 | |
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[12340] | 166 | zqac = Qnt_ac(ji,jj) ! previous time step Qnt_ac |
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| 167 | ztac = Tau_ac(ji,jj) |
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[12015] | 168 | |
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[12340] | 169 | !***** variables for warm layer *** |
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| 170 | zalfa = alpha_sw( pSST(ji,jj) ) ! (crude) thermal expansion coefficient of sea-water [1/K] (SST accurate enough!) |
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[12015] | 171 | |
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[12340] | 172 | zcd1 = SQRT(2._wp*rich*rCp0_w/(zalfa*grav*rho0_w)) !mess-o-constants 1 |
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| 173 | zcd2 = SQRT(2._wp*zalfa*grav/(rich*rho0_w))/(rCp0_w**1.5) !mess-o-constants 2 |
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[12015] | 174 | |
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| 175 | |
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[12340] | 176 | znoon = MOD( 0.5_wp*(rdawn_dcy(ji,jj)+rdusk_dcy(ji,jj)), 1._wp ) ! 0<rnoon<1. => rnoon*24 = UTC time of local noon |
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| 177 | zmidn = MOD( znoon-0.5_wp , 1._wp ) |
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| 178 | zmidn = MOD( zmidn + 0.125_wp , 1._wp ) ! 3 hours past the local midnight |
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[12015] | 179 | |
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[12340] | 180 | IF( (ztime >= zmidn) .AND. (ztime < rdawn_dcy(ji,jj)) ) THEN |
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| 181 | ! Dawn reset to 0! |
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| 182 | l_exit = .TRUE. |
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| 183 | l_destroy_wl = .TRUE. |
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| 184 | ENDIF |
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| 185 | |
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| 186 | IF( .NOT. l_exit ) THEN |
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| 187 | !! Initial test on initial guess of absorbed heat flux in warm-layer: |
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| 188 | zQabs = frac_solar_abs(zHwl)*pQsw(ji,jj) + pQnsol(ji,jj) ! first guess of tot. heat flux absorbed in warm layer |
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| 189 | ! ! => #LB: depends of zfr, which is wild guess... Wrong!!! |
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| 190 | IF( (ABS(zdTwl) < 1.E-6_wp) .AND. (zQabs <= 0._wp) ) THEN |
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| 191 | ! We have not started to build a WL yet (dT==0) and there's no way it can occur now |
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| 192 | ! since zQabs <= 0._wp |
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| 193 | ! => no need to go further |
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| 194 | l_exit = .TRUE. |
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[12015] | 195 | ENDIF |
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| 196 | |
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[12340] | 197 | ENDIF |
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[12015] | 198 | |
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[12340] | 199 | ! Okay test on updated absorbed flux: |
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| 200 | !#LB: remove??? has a strong influence !!! |
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[12489] | 201 | IF( (.NOT. l_exit).AND.(Qnt_ac(ji,jj) + zQabs*rn_Dt <= 0._wp) ) THEN |
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[12340] | 202 | l_exit = .TRUE. |
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| 203 | l_destroy_wl = .TRUE. |
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| 204 | ENDIF |
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[12015] | 205 | |
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| 206 | |
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[12340] | 207 | IF( .NOT. l_exit) THEN |
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[12015] | 208 | |
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[12340] | 209 | ! Two possibilities at this point: |
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| 210 | ! 1/ A warm layer already exists (dT>0) but it is cooling down because Qabs<0 |
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| 211 | ! 2/ Regardless of WL formed (dT==0 or dT>0), we are in the process to initiate one or warm further it ! |
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[12015] | 212 | |
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[12489] | 213 | ztac = Tau_ac(ji,jj) + MAX(.002_wp , pTau(ji,jj))*rn_Dt ! updated momentum integral |
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[12340] | 214 | !PRINT *, '#LBD: updated value for Tac=', REAL(ztac,4) |
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[12015] | 215 | |
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[12340] | 216 | !! We update the value of absorbtion and zQabs: |
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| 217 | !! some part is useless if Qsw=0 !!! |
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| 218 | DO jl = 1, 5 |
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| 219 | zQabs = frac_solar_abs(zHwl)*pQsw(ji,jj) + pQnsol(ji,jj) |
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[12489] | 220 | zqac = Qnt_ac(ji,jj) + zQabs*rn_Dt ! updated heat absorbed |
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[12340] | 221 | IF( zqac <= 0._wp ) EXIT |
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| 222 | zHwl = MAX( MIN( Hwl_max , zcd1*ztac/SQRT(zqac)) , 0.1_wp ) ! Warm-layer depth |
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| 223 | END DO |
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[12015] | 224 | |
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[12340] | 225 | IF( zqac <= 0._wp ) THEN |
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| 226 | l_destroy_wl = .TRUE. |
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| 227 | l_exit = .TRUE. |
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| 228 | ELSE |
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| 229 | zdTwl = zcd2*zqac**1.5/ztac * MAX(zqac/ABS(zqac),0._wp) !! => IF(zqac>0._wp): zdTwl=zcd2*zqac**1.5/ztac ; ELSE: zdTwl=0. / ! normally: zqac > 0 ! |
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| 230 | !PRINT *, '#LBD: updated preliminary value for dT_wl=', REAL(zdTwl,4) |
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| 231 | ! Warm layer correction |
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| 232 | flg = 0.5_wp + SIGN( 0.5_wp , gdept_1d(1)-zHwl ) ! => 1 when gdept_1d(1)>zHwl (zdTwl = zdTwl) | 0 when gdept_1d(1)<zHwl (zdTwl = zdTwl*gdept_1d(1)/zHwl) |
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| 233 | zdTwl = zdTwl * ( flg + (1._wp-flg)*gdept_1d(1)/zHwl ) |
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| 234 | ENDIF |
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[12015] | 235 | |
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[12340] | 236 | ENDIF !IF( .NOT. l_exit) |
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[12015] | 237 | |
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[12340] | 238 | IF( l_destroy_wl ) THEN |
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| 239 | zdTwl = 0._wp |
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| 240 | zfr = 0.75_wp |
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| 241 | zHwl = Hwl_max |
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| 242 | zqac = 0._wp |
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| 243 | ztac = 0._wp |
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| 244 | ENDIF |
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[12015] | 245 | |
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[12340] | 246 | IF( iwait == 0 ) THEN |
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| 247 | !! Iteration loop within bulk algo is over, time to update what needs to be updated: |
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| 248 | dT_wl(ji,jj) = zdTwl |
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| 249 | Hz_wl(ji,jj) = zHwl |
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| 250 | Qnt_ac(ji,jj) = zqac ! Updating Qnt_ac, heat integral |
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| 251 | Tau_ac(ji,jj) = ztac |
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| 252 | ENDIF |
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[12015] | 253 | |
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[12340] | 254 | END_2D |
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[12015] | 255 | |
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| 256 | END SUBROUTINE WL_COARE |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | FUNCTION delta_skin_layer( palpha, pQd, pQlat, pustar_a ) |
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| 262 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 263 | !! Computes the thickness (m) of the viscous skin layer. |
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| 264 | !! Based on Fairall et al., 1996 |
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| 265 | !! |
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| 266 | !! Fairall, C. W., Bradley, E. F., Godfrey, J. S., Wick, G. A., |
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| 267 | !! Edson, J. B., and Young, G. S. ( 1996), Cool‐skin and warm‐layer |
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| 268 | !! effects on sea surface temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 101( C1), 1295-1308, |
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| 269 | !! doi:10.1029/95JC03190. |
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| 270 | !! |
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| 271 | !! L. Brodeau, october 2019 |
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| 272 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 273 | REAL(wp) :: delta_skin_layer |
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| 274 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: palpha ! thermal expansion coefficient of sea-water (SST accurate enough!) |
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| 275 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: pQd ! < 0 !!! part of the net heat flux actually absorbed in the WL [W/m^2] |
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| 276 | ! ! => term "Q + Rs*fs" in eq.6 of Fairall et al. 1996 |
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| 277 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: pQlat ! latent heat flux [W/m^2] |
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| 278 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: pustar_a ! friction velocity in the air (u*) [m/s] |
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| 279 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 280 | REAL(wp) :: zusw, zusw2, zlamb, zQd, ztf, ztmp |
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| 281 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | zQd = pQd + 0.026*MIN(pQlat,0._wp)*rCp0_w/rLevap/palpha ! #LB: Double check sign + division by palpha !!! units are okay! |
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| 284 | |
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| 285 | ztf = 0.5_wp + SIGN(0.5_wp, zQd) ! Qabs < 0 => cooling of the viscous layer => ztf = 0 (regular case) |
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| 286 | ! ! Qabs > 0 => warming of the viscous layer => ztf = 1 (ex: weak evaporation and strong positive sensible heat flux) |
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| 287 | ! |
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| 288 | zusw = MAX(pustar_a, 1.E-4_wp) * sq_radrw ! u* in the water |
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| 289 | zusw2 = zusw*zusw |
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| 290 | ! |
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| 291 | zlamb = 6._wp*( 1._wp + MAX(palpha*rcst_cs/(zusw2*zusw2)*zQd, 0._wp)**0.75 )**(-1./3.) ! see Eq.(14) in Fairall et al., 1996 |
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| 292 | ! => zlamb is not used when Qd > 0, and since rcst_cs < 0, we just use this "MAX" to prevent FPE errors (something_negative)**0.75 |
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| 293 | ! |
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| 294 | ztmp = rnu0_w/zusw |
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| 295 | delta_skin_layer = (1._wp-ztf) * zlamb*ztmp & ! regular case, Qd < 0, see Eq.(12) in Fairall et al., 1996 |
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| 296 | & + ztf * MIN(6._wp*ztmp , 0.007_wp) ! when Qd > 0 |
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| 297 | END FUNCTION delta_skin_layer |
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| 298 | |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | FUNCTION frac_solar_abs( pHwl ) |
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| 301 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 302 | !! Fraction of solar heat flux absorbed inside warm layer |
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| 303 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 304 | REAL(wp) :: frac_solar_abs |
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| 305 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: pHwl ! thickness of warm-layer [m] |
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| 306 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 307 | frac_solar_abs = 1._wp - ( 0.28*0.014 *(1._wp - EXP(-pHwl/0.014)) & |
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| 308 | & + 0.27*0.357*(1._wp - EXP(-pHwl/0.357)) & |
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| 309 | & + 0.45*12.82*(1-EXP(-pHwl/12.82)) ) / pHwl |
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| 310 | END FUNCTION frac_solar_abs |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | !!====================================================================== |
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| 313 | END MODULE sbcblk_skin_coare |
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