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sbcblk.F90 in NEMO/trunk/cfgs/SPITZ12/MY_SRC – NEMO

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source: NEMO/trunk/cfgs/SPITZ12/MY_SRC/sbcblk.F90 @ 9725

Last change on this file since 9725 was 9665, checked in by clem, 6 years ago
some endless remaining LIM references
File size: 73.0 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!! Aerodynamic Bulk Formulas
6	!! SUCCESSOR OF "sbcblk_core"
7	!!=====================================================================
8	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original CORE code
9	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) improved CORE bulk and its user interface
10	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
11	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core
12	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
13	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
14	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
15	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
16	!! 4.0 ! 2016-06 (L. Brodeau) sbcblk_core becomes sbcblk and is not restricted to the CORE algorithm anymore
17	!! ! ==> based on AeroBulk (http://aerobulk.sourceforge.net/)
18	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (G. Madec) introduce a sbc_blk_init routine
19	!! 4.0 ! 2016-10 (M. Vancoppenolle) Introduce Jules emulator (M. Vancoppenolle)
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21
22	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
23	!! sbc_blk_init : initialisation of the chosen bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
24	!! sbc_blk : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
25	!! blk_oce : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
26	!! rho_air : density of (moist) air (depends on T_air, q_air and SLP
27	!! cp_air : specific heat of (moist) air (depends spec. hum. q_air)
28	!! q_sat : saturation humidity as a function of SLP and temperature
29	!! L_vap : latent heat of vaporization of water as a function of temperature
30	!! sea-ice case only :
31	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
32	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
33	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating JULES coupler)
34	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
35	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
36	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
37	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
38	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
39	USE phycst ! physical constants
40	USE fldread ! read input fields
41	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
42	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
43	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
44	USE sbcwave , ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
45	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
46	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
47	#if defined key_si3
48	USE ice , ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, a_i_b, at_i_b, tm_su, rn_cnd_s
49	USE icethd_dh ! for CALL ice_thd_snwblow
50	#endif
51	USE sbcblk_algo_ncar ! => turb_ncar : NCAR - CORE (Large & Yeager, 2009)
52	USE sbcblk_algo_coare ! => turb_coare : COAREv3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
53	USE sbcblk_algo_coare3p5 ! => turb_coare3p5 : COAREv3.5 (Edson et al. 2013)
54	USE sbcblk_algo_ecmwf ! => turb_ecmwf : ECMWF (IFS cycle 31)
55	!
56	USE iom ! I/O manager library
57	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
58	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
59	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
60	USE prtctl ! Print control
61
62	IMPLICIT NONE
63	PRIVATE
64
65	PUBLIC sbc_blk_init ! called in sbcmod
66	PUBLIC sbc_blk ! called in sbcmod
67	#if defined key_si3
68	PUBLIC blk_ice_tau ! routine called in iceforcing
69	PUBLIC blk_ice_flx ! routine called in iceforcing
70	PUBLIC blk_ice_qcn ! routine called in iceforcing
71	#endif
72
73	!!Lolo: should ultimately be moved in the module with all physical constants ?
74	!!gm : In principle, yes.
75	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cp_dry = 1005.0 !: Specic heat of dry air, constant pressure [J/K/kg]
76	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cp_vap = 1860.0 !: Specic heat of water vapor, constant pressure [J/K/kg]
77	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: R_dry = 287.05_wp !: Specific gas constant for dry air [J/K/kg]
78	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: R_vap = 461.495_wp !: Specific gas constant for water vapor [J/K/kg]
79	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: reps0 = R_dry/R_vap !: ratio of gas constant for dry air and water vapor => ~ 0.622
80	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rctv0 = R_vap/R_dry !: for virtual temperature (== (1-eps)/eps) => ~ 0.608
81
82	!!clem INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld =10 ! maximum number of files to read
83	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 8 ! maximum number of files to read
84	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
85	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
86	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 3 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
87	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
88	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 5 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
89	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 6 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
90	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
91	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
92	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_slp = 9 ! index of sea level pressure (Pa)
93	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif =10 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
94
95	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
96
97	! !!! Bulk parameters
98	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air (only used for ice fluxes now...)
99	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
100	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
101	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cd_ice = 1.4e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
102	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
103	!
104	! !!* Namelist namsbc_blk : bulk parameters
105	LOGICAL :: ln_NCAR ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
106	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p0 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
107	LOGICAL :: ln_COARE_3p5 ! "COARE 3.5" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
108	LOGICAL :: ln_ECMWF ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 31)
109	!
110	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
111	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
112	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation
113	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress
114	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
115	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
116	!!gm ref namelist initialize it so remove the setting to false below
117	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L12 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2012)
118	LOGICAL :: ln_Cd_L15 = .FALSE. ! Modify the drag ice-atm depending on ice concentration (from Lupkes et al. JGR2015)
119	!
120	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Cd_atm ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
121	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ch_atm ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
122	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Ce_atm ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
123	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: t_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
124	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: q_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height (needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme)
125	REAL(wp), ALLOCATABLE, SAVE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce ! needed by Lupkes 2015 bulk scheme
126
127	INTEGER :: nblk ! choice of the bulk algorithm
128	! ! associated indices:
129	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_NCAR = 1 ! "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)
130	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p0 = 2 ! "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)
131	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_COARE_3p5 = 3 ! "COARE 3.5" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)
132	INTEGER, PARAMETER :: np_ECMWF = 4 ! "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 31)
133
134	!! * Substitutions
135	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
136	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
137	!! NEMO/OPA 3.7 , NEMO-consortium (2014)
138	!! $Id: sbcblk.F90 6416 2016-04-01 12:22:17Z clem $
139	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (./LICENSE)
140	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
141	CONTAINS
142
143	INTEGER FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc()
144	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
145	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_alloc *
146	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------
147	ALLOCATE( Cd_atm (jpi,jpj), Ch_atm (jpi,jpj), Ce_atm (jpi,jpj), t_zu(jpi,jpj), q_zu(jpi,jpj), &
148	& cdn_oce(jpi,jpj), chn_oce(jpi,jpj), cen_oce(jpi,jpj), STAT=sbc_blk_alloc )
149	!
150	IF( lk_mpp ) CALL mpp_sum ( sbc_blk_alloc )
151	IF( sbc_blk_alloc /= 0 ) CALL ctl_warn('sbc_blk_alloc: failed to allocate arrays')
152	END FUNCTION sbc_blk_alloc
153
154
155	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
156	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
157	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_init *
158	!!
159	!! ** Purpose : choose and initialize a bulk formulae formulation
160	!!
161	!! ** Method :
162	!!
163	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
164	INTEGER :: ifpr, jfld ! dummy loop indice and argument
165	INTEGER :: ios, ierror, ioptio ! Local integer
166	!!
167	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of atmospheric forcing files
168	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
169	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
170	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
171	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_slp , sn_tdif ! " "
172	NAMELIST/namsbc_blk/ sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr, sn_qlw , & ! input fields
173	& sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_slp, sn_tdif, &
174	& ln_NCAR, ln_COARE_3p0, ln_COARE_3p5, ln_ECMWF, & ! bulk algorithm
175	& cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, &
176	& rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, ln_Cd_L12, ln_Cd_L15
177	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
178	!
179	! ! allocate sbc_blk_core array
180	IF( sbc_blk_alloc() /= 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk : unable to allocate standard arrays' )
181	!
182	! !** read bulk namelist
183	REWIND( numnam_ref ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in reference namelist : bulk parameters
184	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
185	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in reference namelist', lwp )
186	!
187	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) !* Namelist namsbc_blk in configuration namelist : bulk parameters
188	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_blk, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
189	902 IF( ios > 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_blk in configuration namelist', lwp )
190	!
191	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_blk )
192	!
193	! !** initialization of the chosen bulk formulae (+ check)
194	! !* select the bulk chosen in the namelist and check the choice
195	ioptio = 0
196	IF( ln_NCAR ) THEN ; nblk = np_NCAR ; ioptio = ioptio + 1 ; ENDIF
197	IF( ln_COARE_3p0 ) THEN ; nblk = np_COARE_3p0 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1 ; ENDIF
198	IF( ln_COARE_3p5 ) THEN ; nblk = np_COARE_3p5 ; ioptio = ioptio + 1 ; ENDIF
199	IF( ln_ECMWF ) THEN ; nblk = np_ECMWF ; ioptio = ioptio + 1 ; ENDIF
200	!
201	IF( ioptio /= 1 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: Choose one and only one bulk algorithm' )
202	!
203	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN !* check: diurnal cycle on Qsr
204	IF( sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T only with daily short-wave input' )
205	IF( sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
206	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: ln_dm2dc=T daily qsr time interpolation done by sbcdcy module', &
207	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
208	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
209	ENDIF
210	ENDIF
211	! !* set the bulk structure
212	! !- store namelist information in an array
213	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
214	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
215	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
216	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
217	!!clem slf_i(jp_slp) = sn_slp ; slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
218	!
219	lhftau = ln_taudif !- add an extra field if HF stress is used
220	!!clem jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT.lhftau/) )
221	jfld = jpfld
222	!
223	! !- allocate the bulk structure
224	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror )
225	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_init: unable to allocate sf structure' )
226	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
227	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
228	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
229	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%nfreqh > 0. .AND. MOD( 3600. * slf_i(ifpr)%nfreqh , REAL(nn_fsbc) * rdt) /= 0. ) &
230	& CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_init: sbcmod timestep rdt*nn_fsbc is NOT a submultiple of atmospheric forcing frequency.', &
231	& ' This is not ideal. You should consider changing either rdt or nn_fsbc value...' )
232
233	END DO
234	! !- fill the bulk structure with namelist informations
235	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_init', 'surface boundary condition -- bulk formulae', 'namsbc_blk' )
236	!
237	IF ( ln_wave ) THEN
238	!Activated wave module but neither drag nor stokes drift activated
239	IF ( .NOT.(ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) ) THEN
240	CALL ctl_warn( 'Ask for wave coupling but ln_cdgw=F, ln_sdw=F, ln_tauwoc=F, ln_stcor=F')
241	!drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core
242	ELSEIF (ln_cdgw .AND. .NOT. ln_NCAR ) THEN
243	CALL ctl_stop( 'drag coefficient read from wave model definable only with mfs bulk formulae and core')
244	ELSEIF (ln_stcor .AND. .NOT. ln_sdw) THEN
245	CALL ctl_stop( 'Stokes-Coriolis term calculated only if activated Stokes Drift ln_sdw=T')
246	ENDIF
247	ELSE
248	IF ( ln_cdgw .OR. ln_sdw .OR. ln_tauwoc .OR. ln_stcor ) &
249	& CALL ctl_stop( 'Not Activated Wave Module (ln_wave=F) but asked coupling ', &
250	& 'with drag coefficient (ln_cdgw =T) ' , &
251	& 'or Stokes Drift (ln_sdw=T) ' , &
252	& 'or ocean stress modification due to waves (ln_tauwoc=T) ', &
253	& 'or Stokes-Coriolis term (ln_stcori=T)' )
254	ENDIF
255	!
256	!
257	IF(lwp) THEN !** Control print
258	!
259	WRITE(numout,) ! namelist
260	WRITE(numout,*) ' Namelist namsbc_blk (other than data information):'
261	WRITE(numout,*) ' "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008) ln_NCAR = ', ln_NCAR
262	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003) ln_COARE_3p0 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
263	WRITE(numout,*) ' "COARE 3.5" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013) ln_COARE_3p5 = ', ln_COARE_3p0
264	WRITE(numout,*) ' "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 31) ln_ECMWF = ', ln_ECMWF
265	WRITE(numout,*) ' add High freq.contribution to the stress module ln_taudif = ', ln_taudif
266	WRITE(numout,*) ' Air temperature and humidity reference height (m) rn_zqt = ', rn_zqt
267	WRITE(numout,*) ' Wind vector reference height (m) rn_zu = ', rn_zu
268	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on precipitation (total & snow) rn_pfac = ', rn_pfac
269	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on evaporation rn_efac = ', rn_efac
270	WRITE(numout,*) ' factor applied on ocean/ice velocity rn_vfac = ', rn_vfac
271	WRITE(numout,*) ' (form absolute (=0) to relative winds(=1))'
272	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2012 ln_Cd_L12 = ', ln_Cd_L12
273	WRITE(numout,*) ' use ice-atm drag from Lupkes2015 ln_Cd_L15 = ', ln_Cd_L15
274	!
275	WRITE(numout,*)
276	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !* Print the choice of bulk algorithm
277	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "NCAR" algorithm (Large and Yeager 2008)'
278	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.0" algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003)'
279	CASE( np_COARE_3p5 ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "COARE 3.5" algorithm (Edson et al. 2013)'
280	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; WRITE(numout,*) ' ==>>> "ECMWF" algorithm (IFS cycle 31)'
281	END SELECT
282	!
283	ENDIF
284	!
285	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_init
286
287
288	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk( kt )
289	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
290	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk *
291	!!
292	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
293	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
294	!!
295	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
296	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
297	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
298	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
299	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
300	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
301	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
302	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
303	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
304	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
305	!! (2) CALL blk_oce
306	!!
307	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
308	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
309	!!
310	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
311	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
312	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
313	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
314	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
315	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
316	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
317	!!
318	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
319	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
320	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
321	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
322	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
323	!
324	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
325	!
326	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using bulk formulea
327	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
328
329	#if defined key_cice
330	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
331	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(:,:,1)
332	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
333	ELSE ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
334	ENDIF
335	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
336	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
337	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
338	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
339	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
340	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
341	ENDIF
342	#endif
343	!
344	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk
345
346
347	SUBROUTINE blk_oce( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
348	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
349	!! * ROUTINE blk_oce *
350	!!
351	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
352	!! the ocean surface at each time step
353	!!
354	!! ** Method : bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
355	!! fields read in sbc_read
356	!!
357	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
358	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
359	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
360	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
361	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
362	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
363	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
364	!!
365	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
366	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
367	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
368	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
369	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
370	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
371	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
372	!
373	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
374	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! local variable
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zsq ! specific humidity at pst
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zU_zu ! bulk wind speed at height zu [m/s]
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztpot ! potential temperature of air at z=rn_zqt [K]
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zrhoa ! density of air [kg/m^3]
383	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
384	!
385	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
386	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
387
388	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
389	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
390	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
391
392	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
393	!!gm move zwnd_i (_j) set to zero inside the key_cyclone ???
394	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0._wp
395	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0._wp
396	#if defined key_cyclone
397	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
398	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
399	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
400	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
401	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
402	END DO
403	END DO
404	#endif
405	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
406	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
407	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
408	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
409	END DO
410	END DO
411	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( zwnd_i, 'T', -1., zwnd_j, 'T', -1. )
412	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
413	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
414	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
415
416	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
417	! I Radiative FLUXES !
418	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
419
420	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
421	zztmp = 1. - albo
422	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
423	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
424	ENDIF
425
426	zqlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
427
428	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
429	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
430	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
431
432	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST tmask(
433	!!clem zsq(:,:) = 0.98 * q_sat( zst(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
434	zsq(:,:) = 0.98 * q_sat( zst(:,:), 101300. )
435	!!
436	!! Estimate of potential temperature at z=rn_zqt, based on adiabatic lapse-rate
437	!! (see Josey, Gulev & Yu, 2013) / doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00005-2
438	!! (since reanalysis products provide T at z, not theta !)
439	ztpot = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) + gamma_moist( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_zqt
440
441	SELECT CASE( nblk ) !== transfer coefficients ==! Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point
442	!
443	CASE( np_NCAR ) ; CALL turb_ncar ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, & ! NCAR-COREv2
444	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
445	CASE( np_COARE_3p0 ) ; CALL turb_coare ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, & ! COARE v3.0
446	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
447	CASE( np_COARE_3p5 ) ; CALL turb_coare3p5( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, & ! COARE v3.5
448	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
449	CASE( np_ECMWF ) ; CALL turb_ecmwf ( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, ztpot, zsq, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, & ! ECMWF
450	& Cd_atm, Ch_atm, Ce_atm, t_zu, q_zu, zU_zu, cdn_oce, chn_oce, cen_oce )
451	CASE DEFAULT
452	CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_oce: non-existing bulk formula selected' )
453	END SELECT
454
455	! ! Compute true air density :
456	IF( ABS(rn_zu - rn_zqt) > 0.01 ) THEN ! At zu: (probably useless to remove zrhogravrn_zu from SLP...)
457	!!clem zrhoa(:,:) = rho_air( t_zu(:,:) , q_zu(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
458	zrhoa(:,:) = rho_air( t_zu(:,:) , q_zu(:,:) , 101300. )
459	ELSE ! At zt:
460	!!clem zrhoa(:,:) = rho_air( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
461	zrhoa(:,:) = rho_air( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), 101300. )
462	END IF
463
464	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_oce", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
465	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_oce", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ocean-atm. transfer coef.
466
467	DO jj = 1, jpj ! tau module, i and j component
468	DO ji = 1, jpi
469	zztmp = zrhoa(ji,jj) * zU_zu(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) ! using bulk wind speed
470	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
471	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
472	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
473	END DO
474	END DO
475
476	! ! add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module
477	!!clem IF( lhftau ) taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
478
479	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
480
481	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
482	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
483	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
484	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
485	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
486	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
487	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
488	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
489	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
490	END DO
491	END DO
492	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( utau, 'U', -1., vtau, 'V', -1. )
493
494	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
495	! -----------------------------
496
497	! zqla used as temporary array, for rho*U (common term of bulk formulae):
498	zqla(:,:) = zrhoa(:,:) * zU_zu(:,:)
499
500	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
501	!! q_air and t_air are given at 10m (wind reference height)
502	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, zqla(:,:)Ce_atm(:,:)*(zsq(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)) ) ! Evaporation, using bulk wind speed
503	zqsb (:,:) = cp_air(sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1))zqla(:,:)Ch_atm(:,:)*(zst(:,:) - ztpot(:,:) ) ! Sensible Heat, using bulk wind speed
504	ELSE
505	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
506	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
507	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, zqla(:,:)Ce_atm(:,:)*(zsq(:,:) - q_zu(:,:) ) ) ! Evaporation, using bulk wind speed
508	zqsb (:,:) = cp_air(sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1))zqla(:,:)Ch_atm(:,:)*(zst(:,:) - t_zu(:,:) ) ! Sensible Heat, using bulk wind speed
509	ENDIF
510
511	zqla(:,:) = L_vap(zst(:,:)) * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat flux
512
513
514	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
515	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce_atm , clinfo2=' Ce_oce : ' )
516	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch_atm , clinfo2=' Ch_oce : ' )
517	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
518	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zsq , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zsq : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
519	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
520	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ', mask2=vmask )
521	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce: wndm : ')
522	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zst : ')
523	ENDIF
524
525	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
526	! III Total FLUXES !
527	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
528	!
529	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
530	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
531	!
532	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
533	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
534	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
535	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
536	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
537	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
538	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
539	!
540	#if defined key_si3
541	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by LIM3)
542	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
543	#endif
544	!
545	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
546	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
547	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
548	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
549	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
550	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
551	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
552	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
553	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
554	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
555	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow
556	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
557	ENDIF
558	!
559	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
560	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
561	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
562	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
563	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
564	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
565	ENDIF
566	!
567	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce
568
569
570
571	FUNCTION rho_air( ptak, pqa, pslp )
572	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
573	!! * FUNCTION rho_air *
574	!!
575	!! ** Purpose : compute density of (moist) air using the eq. of state of the atmosphere
576	!!
577	!! ** Author: L. Brodeau, june 2016 / AeroBulk (https://sourceforge.net/p/aerobulk)
578	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
579	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: ptak ! air temperature [K]
580	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pqa ! air specific humidity [kg/kg]
581	!!clem REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pslp ! pressure in [Pa]
582	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: pslp ! pressure in [Pa]
583	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: rho_air ! density of moist air [kg/m^3]
584	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
585	!
586	rho_air = pslp / ( R_dryptak ( 1._wp + rctv0*pqa ) )
587	!
588	END FUNCTION rho_air
589
590
591	FUNCTION cp_air( pqa )
592	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
593	!! * FUNCTION cp_air *
594	!!
595	!! ** Purpose : Compute specific heat (Cp) of moist air
596	!!
597	!! ** Author: L. Brodeau, june 2016 / AeroBulk (https://sourceforge.net/p/aerobulk)
598	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
599	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pqa ! air specific humidity [kg/kg]
600	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: cp_air ! specific heat of moist air [J/K/kg]
601	!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
602	!
603	Cp_air = Cp_dry + Cp_vap * pqa
604	!
605	END FUNCTION cp_air
606
607
608	FUNCTION q_sat( ptak, pslp )
609	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
610	!! * FUNCTION q_sat *
611	!!
612	!! ** Purpose : Specific humidity at saturation in [kg/kg]
613	!! Based on accurate estimate of "e_sat"
614	!! aka saturation water vapor (Goff, 1957)
615	!!
616	!! ** Author: L. Brodeau, june 2016 / AeroBulk (https://sourceforge.net/p/aerobulk)
617	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
618	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: ptak ! air temperature [K]
619	!!clem REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pslp ! sea level atmospheric pressure [Pa]
620	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: pslp ! sea level atmospheric pressure [Pa]
621	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! Specific humidity at saturation [kg/kg]
622	!
623	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
624	REAL(wp) :: ze_sat, ztmp ! local scalar
625	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
626	!
627	DO jj = 1, jpj
628	DO ji = 1, jpi
629	!
630	ztmp = rt0 / ptak(ji,jj)
631	!
632	! Vapour pressure at saturation [hPa] : WMO, (Goff, 1957)
633	ze_sat = 10.*( 10.79574(1. - ztmp) - 5.028*LOG10(ptak(ji,jj)/rt0) &
634	& + 1.5047510.(-4)(1. - 10.*(-8.2969(ptak(ji,jj)/rt0 - 1.)) ) &
635	& + 0.4287310.(-3)(10.*(4.76955(1. - ztmp)) - 1.) + 0.78614 )
636	!
637	!!clem q_sat(ji,jj) = reps0 * ze_sat/( 0.01_wppslp(ji,jj) - (1._wp - reps0)ze_sat ) ! 0.01 because SLP is in [Pa]
638	q_sat(ji,jj) = reps0 * ze_sat/( 0.01_wppslp - (1._wp - reps0)ze_sat ) ! 0.01 because SLP is in [Pa]
639	!
640	END DO
641	END DO
642	!
643	END FUNCTION q_sat
644
645
646	FUNCTION gamma_moist( ptak, pqa )
647	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
648	!! * FUNCTION gamma_moist *
649	!!
650	!! ** Purpose : Compute the moist adiabatic lapse-rate.
651	!! => http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Moist-adiabatic_lapse_rate
652	!! => http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~joel/g266_s10/lecture_notes/chapt03/oh10_3_01/oh10_3_01.html
653	!!
654	!! ** Author: L. Brodeau, june 2016 / AeroBulk (https://sourceforge.net/p/aerobulk)
655	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
656	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: ptak ! air temperature [K]
657	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pqa ! specific humidity [kg/kg]
658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: gamma_moist ! moist adiabatic lapse-rate
659	!
660	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
661	REAL(wp) :: zrv, ziRT ! local scalar
662	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
663	!
664	DO jj = 1, jpj
665	DO ji = 1, jpi
666	zrv = pqa(ji,jj) / (1. - pqa(ji,jj))
667	ziRT = 1. / (R_dry*ptak(ji,jj)) ! 1/RT
668	gamma_moist(ji,jj) = grav * ( 1. + cevapzrvziRT ) / ( Cp_dry + cevapcevapzrvreps0ziRT/ptak(ji,jj) )
669	END DO
670	END DO
671	!
672	END FUNCTION gamma_moist
673
674
675	FUNCTION L_vap( psst )
676	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
677	!! * FUNCTION L_vap *
678	!!
679	!! ** Purpose : Compute the latent heat of vaporization of water from temperature
680	!!
681	!! ** Author: L. Brodeau, june 2016 / AeroBulk (https://sourceforge.net/p/aerobulk)
682	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
683	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: L_vap ! latent heat of vaporization [J/kg]
684	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: psst ! water temperature [K]
685	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
686	!
687	L_vap = ( 2.501 - 0.00237 * ( psst(:,:) - rt0) ) * 1.e6
688	!
689	END FUNCTION L_vap
690
691	#if defined key_si3
692	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
693	!! 'key_si3' SI3 sea-ice model
694	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
695	!! blk_ice_tau : provide the air-ice stress
696	!! blk_ice_flx : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
697	!! blk_ice_qcn : provide ice surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux (emulating JULES coupler)
698	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2012 : Lupkes et al. (2012) air-ice drag
699	!! Cdn10_Lupkes2015 : Lupkes et al. (2015) air-ice drag
700	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
701
702	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
703	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
704	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_tau *
705	!!
706	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
707	!!
708	!! ** Method : compute momentum using bulk formulation
709	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
710	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
711	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
712	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
713	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_f , zwndj_f, zwnorm_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
714	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
715	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zrhoa ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
716	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
717	!
718	! set transfer coefficients to default sea-ice values
719	Cd_atm(:,:) = Cd_ice
720	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_ice
721	Ce_atm(:,:) = Cd_ice
722
723	wndm_ice(:,:) = 0._wp !!gm brutal....
724
725	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
726	! Wind module relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
727	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
728	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
729	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
730	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
731	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
732	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
733	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
734	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( u_ice(ji,jj+1) + u_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
735	& + u_ice(ji,jj ) + u_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
736	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( v_ice(ji,jj+1) + v_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
737	& + v_ice(ji,jj ) + v_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
738	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
739	END DO
740	END DO
741	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
742	!
743	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
744	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
745	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
746	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
747	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
748	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
749	END DO
750	END DO
751	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
752	!
753	END SELECT
754
755	! Make ice-atm. drag dependent on ice concentration
756	IF ( ln_Cd_L12 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2012) equations
757	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd_atm )
758	Ch_atm(:,:) = Cd_atm(:,:) ! momentum and heat transfer coef. are considered identical
759	ELSEIF( ln_Cd_L15 ) THEN ! calculate new drag from Lupkes(2015) equations
760	CALL Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd_atm, Ch_atm )
761	ENDIF
762
763	!! CALL iom_put( "Cd_ice", Cd_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
764	!! CALL iom_put( "Ch_ice", Ch_atm) ! output value of pure ice-atm. transfer coef.
765
766	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
767	! Computing density of air! Way denser that 1.2 over sea-ice !!!
768	!!clem zrhoa (:,:) = rho_air(sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1))
769	zrhoa (:,:) = rho_air(sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), 101300.)
770
771	!!gm brutal....
772	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
773	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
774	!!gm end
775
776	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
777	! Wind stress relative to the moving ice ( U10m - U_ice ) !
778	! ------------------------------------------------------------ !
779	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
780	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
781	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
782	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
783	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
784	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
785	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj)
786	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
787	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj)
788	! ... ice stress at I-point
789	zwnorm_f = zrhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
790	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
791	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
792	END DO
793	END DO
794	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( utau_ice, 'I', -1., vtau_ice, 'I', -1. )
795	!
796	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
797	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
798	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
799	utau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * zrhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
800	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
801	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = 0.5 * zrhoa(ji,jj) * Cd_atm(ji,jj) * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
802	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
803	END DO
804	END DO
805	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( utau_ice, 'U', -1., vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
806	!
807	END SELECT
808	!
809	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
810	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
811	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: wndm_ice : ')
812	ENDIF
813	!
814	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_tau
815
816
817	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx( ptsu, phs, phi, palb )
818	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
819	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_flx *
820	!!
821	!! ** Purpose : provide the heat and mass fluxes at air-ice interface
822	!!
823	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
824	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using bulk formulation
825	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
826	!!
827	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
828	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
829	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
830	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phs ! snow thickness
831	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: phi ! ice thickness
832	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
833	!!
834	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
835	REAL(wp) :: zst3 ! local variable
836	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla ! - -
837	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_lsub ! - -
838	REAL(wp) :: zfr1, zfr2 ! local variables
839	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z1_st ! inverse of surface temperature
840	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
841	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
842	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
843	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
844	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (LIM3)
845	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zrhoa
846	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
847	!
848	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef ! local scalars
849	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
850	!
851	!!clem zrhoa(:,:) = rho_air( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) )
852	zrhoa(:,:) = rho_air( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), 101300. )
853	!
854	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
855	WHERE( ptsu(:,:,:) /= 0._wp ) ; z1_st(:,:,:) = 1._wp / ptsu(:,:,:)
856	ELSEWHERE ; z1_st(:,:,:) = 0._wp
857	END WHERE
858	! ! ========================== !
859	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
860	! ! ========================== !
861	DO jj = 1 , jpj
862	DO ji = 1, jpi
863	! ----------------------------!
864	! I Radiative FLUXES !
865	! ----------------------------!
866	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
867	! Short Wave (sw)
868	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
869	! Long Wave (lw)
870	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
871	! lw sensitivity
872	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
873
874	! ----------------------------!
875	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
876	! ----------------------------!
877
878	! ... turbulent heat fluxes with Ch_atm recalculated in blk_ice_tau
879	! Sensible Heat
880	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = zrhoa(ji,jj) * cpa * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * (ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
881	! Latent Heat
882	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, zrhoa(ji,jj) * Ls * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
883	& ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl) ) / zrhoa(ji,jj) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
884	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
885	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
886	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * &
887	& z1_st(ji,jj,jl)z1_st(ji,jj,jl) EXP(-5897.8 * z1_st(ji,jj,jl))
888	ELSE
889	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
890	ENDIF
891
892	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
893	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zrhoa(ji,jj) * cpa * Ch_atm(ji,jj) * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
894
895	! ----------------------------!
896	! III Total FLUXES !
897	! ----------------------------!
898	! Downward Non Solar flux
899	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
900	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
901	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
902	END DO
903	!
904	END DO
905	!
906	END DO
907	!
908	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
909	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
910	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip ) ! Snow precipitation
911	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip ) ! Total precipitation
912
913	! --- evaporation --- !
914	z1_lsub = 1._wp / Lsub
915	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! sublimation
916	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
917	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
918
919	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
920	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
921	CALL ice_thd_snwblow( (1.-at_i_b(:,:)), zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
922	emp_oce(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
923	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
924	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
925
926	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
927	qemp_oce(:,:) = - ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
928	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
929	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
930	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
931	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
932	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
933
934	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
935	qns_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) &
936	& + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
937	qsr_tot(:,:) = ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
938
939	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
940	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhosn * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
941
942	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) ---
943	DO jl = 1, jpl
944	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) cpic * tmask(:,:,1) )
945	! ! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0degC => evap=0
946	END DO
947
948	! --- shortwave radiation transmitted below the surface (W/m2, see Grenfell Maykut 77) --- !
949	zfr1 = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice ) ! transmission when hi>10cm
950	zfr2 = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice ) ! zfr2 such that zfr1 + zfr2 to equal 1
951	!
952	WHERE ( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) < 0.1_wp ) ! linear decrease from hi=0 to 10cm
953	qsr_ice_tr(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * ( zfr1 + zfr2 * ( 1._wp - phi(:,:,:) * 10._wp ) )
954	ELSEWHERE( phs(:,:,:) <= 0._wp .AND. phi(:,:,:) >= 0.1_wp ) ! constant (zfr1) when hi>10cm
955	qsr_ice_tr(:,:,:) = qsr_ice(:,:,:) * zfr1
956	ELSEWHERE ! zero when hs>0
957	qsr_ice_tr(:,:,:) = 0._wp
958	END WHERE
959	!
960	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
961	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
962	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
963	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
964	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
965	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
966	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
967	ENDIF
968	!
969	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_flx
970
971
972	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn( k_virtual_itd, ptsu, ptb, phs, phi )
973	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
974	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_qcn *
975	!!
976	!! ** Purpose : Compute surface temperature and snow/ice conduction flux
977	!! to force sea ice / snow thermodynamics
978	!! in the case JULES coupler is emulated
979	!!
980	!! ** Method : compute surface energy balance assuming neglecting heat storage
981	!! following the 0-layer Semtner (1976) approach
982	!!
983	!! ** Outputs : - ptsu : sea-ice / snow surface temperature (K)
984	!! - qcn_ice : surface inner conduction flux (W/m2)
985	!!
986	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
987	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: k_virtual_itd ! single-category option
988	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(inout) :: ptsu ! sea ice / snow surface temperature
989	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: ptb ! sea ice base temperature
990	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phs ! snow thickness
991	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: phi ! sea ice thickness
992	!
993	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nit = 10 ! number of iterations
994	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zepsilon = 0.1_wp ! characteristic thickness for enhanced conduction
995	!
996	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
997	INTEGER :: iter ! local integer
998	REAL(wp) :: zfac, zfac2, zfac3 ! local scalars
999	REAL(wp) :: zkeff_h, ztsu, ztsu0 !
1000	REAL(wp) :: zqc, zqnet !
1001	REAL(wp) :: zhe, zqa0 !
1002	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpl) :: zgfac ! enhanced conduction factor
1003	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
1004
1005	! -------------------------------------!
1006	! I Enhanced conduction factor !
1007	! -------------------------------------!
1008	! Emulates the enhancement of conduction by unresolved thin ice (k_virtual_itd = 1/2)
1009	! Fichefet and Morales Maqueda, JGR 1997
1010	!
1011	zgfac(:,:,:) = 1._wp
1012
1013	SELECT CASE ( k_virtual_itd )
1014	!
1015	CASE ( 1 , 2 )
1016	!
1017	zfac = 1._wp / ( rn_cnd_s + rcdic )
1018	zfac2 = EXP(1._wp) * 0.5_wp * zepsilon
1019	zfac3 = 2._wp / zepsilon
1020	!
1021	DO jl = 1, jpl
1022	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1023	DO ji = 1, jpi
1024	zhe = ( rn_cnd_s * phi(ji,jj,jl) + rcdic * phs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zfac ! Effective thickness
1025	IF( zhe >= zfac2 ) zgfac(ji,jj,jl) = MIN( 2._wp, 0.5_wp * ( 1._wp + LOG( zhe * zfac3 ) ) ) ! Enhanced conduction factor
1026	END DO
1027	END DO
1028	END DO
1029	!
1030	END SELECT
1031
1032	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1033	! II Surface temperature and conduction flux !
1034	! -------------------------------------------------------------!
1035	!
1036	zfac = rcdic * rn_cnd_s
1037	!
1038	DO jl = 1, jpl
1039	DO jj = 1 , jpj
1040	DO ji = 1, jpi
1041	!
1042	zkeff_h = zfac * zgfac(ji,jj,jl) / & ! Effective conductivity of the snow-ice system divided by thickness
1043	& ( rcdic * phs(ji,jj,jl) + rn_cnd_s * MAX( 0.01, phi(ji,jj,jl) ) )
1044	ztsu = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store current iteration temperature
1045	ztsu0 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ! Store initial surface temperature
1046	zqa0 = qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qsr_ice_tr(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) ! Net initial atmospheric heat flux
1047	!
1048	DO iter = 1, nit ! --- Iterative loop
1049	zqc = zkeff_h * ( ztsu - ptb(ji,jj) ) ! Conduction heat flux through snow-ice system (>0 downwards)
1050	zqnet = zqa0 + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ztsu - ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) - zqc ! Surface energy budget
1051	ztsu = ztsu - zqnet / ( dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - zkeff_h ) ! Temperature update
1052	END DO
1053	!
1054	ptsu (ji,jj,jl) = MIN( rt0, ztsu )
1055	qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zkeff_h * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ptb(ji,jj) )
1056	qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) + dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - ztsu0 )
1057	qml_ice(ji,jj,jl) = ( qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qsr_ice_tr(ji,jj,jl) + qns_ice(ji,jj,jl) - qcn_ice(ji,jj,jl) ) &
1058	& * MAX( 0._wp , SIGN( 1._wp, ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - rt0 ) )
1059
1060	END DO
1061	END DO
1062	!
1063	END DO
1064	!
1065	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_qcn
1066
1067
1068	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012( Cd )
1069	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1070	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012 *
1071	!!
1072	!! ** Purpose : Recompute the neutral air-ice drag referenced at 10m
1073	!! to make it dependent on edges at leads, melt ponds and flows.
1074	!! After some approximations, this can be resumed to a dependency
1075	!! on ice concentration.
1076	!!
1077	!! ** Method : The parameterization is taken from Lupkes et al. (2012) eq.(50)
1078	!! with the highest level of approximation: level4, eq.(59)
1079	!! The generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice can be re-written as follows:
1080	!!
1081	!! Cd = Cdw * (1-A) + Cdi * A + Ce * (1-A)*(nu+1/(10beta)) * A**mu
1082	!!
1083	!! Ce = 2.23e-3 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1084	!! nu = mu = beta = 1 , as suggested by Lupkes (eq. 59)
1085	!! A is the concentration of ice minus melt ponds (if any)
1086	!!
1087	!! This new drag has a parabolic shape (as a function of A) starting at
1088	!! Cdw(say 1.5e-3) for A=0, reaching 1.97e-3 for A~0.5
1089	!! and going down to Cdi(say 1.4e-3) for A=1
1090	!!
1091	!! It is theoretically applicable to all ice conditions (not only MIZ)
1092	!! => see Lupkes et al (2013)
1093	!!
1094	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2012 (theory)
1095	!! Lupkes et al. GRL 2013 (application to GCM)
1096	!!
1097	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1098	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1099	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zCe = 2.23e-03_wp
1100	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: znu = 1._wp
1101	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zmu = 1._wp
1102	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1._wp
1103	REAL(wp) :: zcoef
1104	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1105	zcoef = znu + 1._wp / ( 10._wp * zbeta )
1106
1107	! generic drag over a cell partly covered by ice
1108	!!Cd(:,:) = Cd_oce(:,:) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) ) + & ! pure ocean drag
1109	!! & Cd_ice * at_i_b(:,:) + & ! pure ice drag
1110	!! & zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**zmu ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1111
1112	! ice-atm drag
1113	Cd(:,:) = Cd_ice + & ! pure ice drag
1114	& zCe * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(:,:) )*zcoef at_i_b(:,:)**(zmu-1._wp) ! change due to sea-ice morphology
1115
1116	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2012
1117
1118
1119	SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015( Cd, Ch )
1120	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1121	!! * ROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015 *
1122	!!
1123	!! ** pUrpose : Alternative turbulent transfert coefficients formulation
1124	!! between sea-ice and atmosphere with distinct momentum
1125	!! and heat coefficients depending on sea-ice concentration
1126	!! and atmospheric stability (no meltponds effect for now).
1127	!!
1128	!! ** Method : The parameterization is adapted from Lupkes et al. (2015)
1129	!! and ECHAM6 atmospheric model. Compared to Lupkes2012 scheme,
1130	!! it considers specific skin and form drags (Andreas et al. 2010)
1131	!! to compute neutral transfert coefficients for both heat and
1132	!! momemtum fluxes. Atmospheric stability effect on transfert
1133	!! coefficient is also taken into account following Louis (1979).
1134	!!
1135	!! ** References : Lupkes et al. JGR 2015 (theory)
1136	!! Lupkes et al. ECHAM6 documentation 2015 (implementation)
1137	!!
1138	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1139	!
1140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Cd
1141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(inout) :: Ch
1142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zst, zqo_sat, zqi_sat
1143	!
1144	! ECHAM6 constants
1145	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_skin_ice = 0.69e-3_wp ! Eq. 43 [m]
1146	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_form_ice = 0.57e-3_wp ! Eq. 42 [m]
1147	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z0_ice = 1.00e-3_wp ! Eq. 15 [m]
1148	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zce10 = 2.80e-3_wp ! Eq. 41
1149	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbeta = 1.1_wp ! Eq. 41
1150	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc = 5._wp ! Eq. 13
1151	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zc2 = zc * zc
1152	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zam = 2. * zc ! Eq. 14
1153	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zah = 3. * zc ! Eq. 30
1154	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alpha = 1._wp / 0.2_wp ! Eq. 51
1155	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_alphaf = z1_alpha ! Eq. 56
1156	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zbetah = 1.e-3_wp ! Eq. 26
1157	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zgamma = 1.25_wp ! Eq. 26
1158	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: z1_gamma = 1._wp / zgamma
1159	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: r1_3 = 1._wp / 3._wp
1160	!
1161	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
1162	REAL(wp) :: zthetav_os, zthetav_is, zthetav_zu
1163	REAL(wp) :: zrib_o, zrib_i
1164	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_skin_ice, zCdn_form_ice, zCdn_ice
1165	REAL(wp) :: zChn_skin_ice, zChn_form_ice
1166	REAL(wp) :: z0w, z0i, zfmi, zfmw, zfhi, zfhw
1167	REAL(wp) :: zCdn_form_tmp
1168	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1169
1170	! Momentum Neutral Transfert Coefficients (should be a constant)
1171	zCdn_form_tmp = zce10 * ( LOG( 10._wp / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) / LOG( rn_zu / z0_form_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 40
1172	zCdn_skin_ice = ( vkarmn / LOG( rn_zu / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) )**2 ! Eq. 7
1173	zCdn_ice = zCdn_skin_ice ! Eq. 7 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1174	!zCdn_ice = 1.89e-3 ! old ECHAM5 value (cf Eq. 32)
1175
1176	! Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1177	zChn_skin_ice = vkarmn*2 / ( LOG( rn_zu / z0_ice + 1._wp ) LOG( rn_zu * z1_alpha / z0_skin_ice + 1._wp ) ) ! Eq. 50 + Eq. 52 (cf Lupkes email for details)
1178
1179	! Atmospheric and Surface Variables
1180	zst(:,:) = sst_m(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin
1181	!!clem zqo_sat(:,:) = 0.98_wp * q_sat( zst(:,:) , sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1182	!!clem zqi_sat(:,:) = 0.98_wp * q_sat( tm_su(:,:), sf(jp_slp)%fnow(:,:,1) ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg]
1183	zqo_sat(:,:) = 0.98_wp * q_sat( zst(:,:) , 101300. ) ! saturation humidity over ocean [kg/kg]
1184	zqi_sat(:,:) = 0.98_wp * q_sat( tm_su(:,:), 101300. ) ! saturation humidity over ice [kg/kg]
1185	!
1186	DO jj = 2, jpjm1 ! reduced loop is necessary for reproducibility
1187	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1
1188	! Virtual potential temperature [K]
1189	zthetav_os = zst(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqo_sat(ji,jj) ) ! over ocean
1190	zthetav_is = tm_su(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * zqi_sat(ji,jj) ) ! ocean ice
1191	zthetav_zu = t_zu (ji,jj) * ( 1._wp + rctv0 * q_zu(ji,jj) ) ! at zu
1192
1193	! Bulk Richardson Number (could use Ri_bulk function from aerobulk instead)
1194	zrib_o = grav / zthetav_os * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_os ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ocean
1195	zrib_i = grav / zthetav_is * ( zthetav_zu - zthetav_is ) * rn_zu / MAX( 0.5, wndm_ice(ji,jj) )**2 ! over ice
1196
1197	! Momentum and Heat Neutral Transfert Coefficients
1198	zCdn_form_ice = zCdn_form_tmp * at_i_b(ji,jj) * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) )**zbeta ! Eq. 40
1199	zChn_form_ice = zCdn_form_ice / ( 1._wp + ( LOG( z1_alphaf ) / vkarmn ) * SQRT( zCdn_form_ice ) ) ! Eq. 53
1200
1201	! Momentum and Heat Stability functions (possibility to use psi_m_ecmwf instead)
1202	z0w = rn_zu * EXP( -1._wp * vkarmn / SQRT( Cdn_oce(ji,jj) ) ) ! over water
1203	z0i = z0_skin_ice ! over ice (cf Lupkes email for details)
1204	IF( zrib_o <= 0._wp ) THEN
1205	zfmw = 1._wp - zam * zrib_o / ( 1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * Cdn_oce(ji,jj) * SQRT( -zrib_o * ( rn_zu / z0w + 1._wp ) ) ) ! Eq. 10
1206	zfhw = ( 1._wp + ( zbetah * ( zthetav_os - zthetav_zu )*r1_3 / ( Chn_oce(ji,jj) MAX(0.01, wndm(ji,jj)) ) & ! Eq. 26
1207	& )zgamma )z1_gamma
1208	ELSE
1209	zfmw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 12
1210	zfhw = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_o / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_o ) ) ! Eq. 28
1211	ENDIF
1212
1213	IF( zrib_i <= 0._wp ) THEN
1214	zfmi = 1._wp - zam * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 9
1215	zfhi = 1._wp - zah * zrib_i / (1._wp + 3._wp * zc2 * zCdn_ice * SQRT( -zrib_i * ( rn_zu / z0i + 1._wp))) ! Eq. 25
1216	ELSE
1217	zfmi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zam * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 11
1218	zfhi = 1._wp / ( 1._wp + zah * zrib_i / SQRT( 1._wp + zrib_i ) ) ! Eq. 27
1219	ENDIF
1220
1221	! Momentum Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 38)
1222	Cd(ji,jj) = zCdn_skin_ice * zfmi + &
1223	& zCdn_form_ice * ( zfmi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfmw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1224
1225	! Heat Transfert Coefficients (Eq. 49)
1226	Ch(ji,jj) = zChn_skin_ice * zfhi + &
1227	& zChn_form_ice * ( zfhi * at_i_b(ji,jj) + zfhw * ( 1._wp - at_i_b(ji,jj) ) ) / MAX( 1.e-06, at_i_b(ji,jj) )
1228	!
1229	END DO
1230	END DO
1231	CALL lbc_lnk_multi( Cd, 'T', 1., Ch, 'T', 1. )
1232	!
1233	END SUBROUTINE Cdn10_Lupkes2015
1234
1235	#endif
1236
1237	!!======================================================================
1238	END MODULE sbcblk

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