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sbcblk_core.F90 in branches/2013/dev_LOCEAN_CMCC_INGV_MERC_UKMO_2013/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC – NEMO

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source: branches/2013/dev_LOCEAN_CMCC_INGV_MERC_UKMO_2013/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC/sbcblk_core.F90 @ 4245

Last change on this file since 4245 was 4245, checked in by cetlod, 11 years ago
dev_locean_cmcc_ingv_ukmo_merc : merge in the MERC_UKMO dev branch with trunk rev 4119
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 55.7 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk_core
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!!=====================================================================
6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for TURB_CORE_2Z
14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
17	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
18
19	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
20	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
21	!! (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
22	!! blk_oce_core : ocean: computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes
23	!! blk_ice_core : ice : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes
24	!! turb_core : computes the CORE turbulent transfer coefficients
25	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
26	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
27	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
28	USE phycst ! physical constants
29	USE fldread ! read input fields
30	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
31	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
32	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
33	USE iom ! I/O manager library
34	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
35	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
36	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
37	USE timing ! Timing
38	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
39	USE prtctl ! Print control
40	USE sbcwave,ONLY : cdn_wave !wave module
41	#if defined key_lim3 \|\| defined key_cice
42	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
43	#endif
44	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
45
46	IMPLICIT NONE
47	PRIVATE
48
49	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
50	PUBLIC blk_ice_core ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
51	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
52
53	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
54	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
55	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
56	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
57	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
58	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
59	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
60	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
61	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
62	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
63
64	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
65
66	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
67	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
68	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
69	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
70	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
71	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
72	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.4e-3 ! iovi 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
73	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
74
75	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
76	LOGICAL :: ln_2m ! logical flag for height of air temp. and hum
77	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
78	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
79	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation (clem)
80	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
81	LOGICAL :: ln_bulk2z ! logical flag for case where z(q,t) and z(u) are specified in the namelist
82	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
83	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
84
85	!! * Substitutions
86	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
87	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
88	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
89	!! NEMO/OPA 3.3 , NEMO-consortium (2010)
90	!! $Id$
91	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
92	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
93	CONTAINS
94
95	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
96	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
97	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
98	!!
99	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
100	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
101	!!
102	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
103	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
104	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
105	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
106	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
107	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
108	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
109	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
110	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
111	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
112	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
113	!!
114	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
115	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
116	!!
117	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
118	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
119	!! - taum, wndm wind stress and 10m wind modules at T-point
120	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
121	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
122	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
123	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
124	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
125	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
126	!!
127	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
128	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
129	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
130	INTEGER :: ios ! Local integer output status for namelist read
131	!!
132	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
133	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
134	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
135	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
136	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_tdif ! " "
137	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_2m , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, &
138	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
139	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
140	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt , ln_bulk2z, rn_zu
141	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
142
143	! ! ====================== !
144	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
145	! ! ====================== !
146	!
147	REWIND( numnam_ref ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in reference namelist : CORE bulk parameters
148	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
149	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in reference namelist', lwp )
150
151	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in configuration namelist : CORE bulk parameters
152	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
153	902 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in configuration namelist', lwp )
154
155	WRITE ( numond, namsbc_core )
156	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
157	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
158	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
159	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
160	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
161	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
162	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
163	ENDIF
164	! ! store namelist information in an array
165	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
166	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
167	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
168	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
169	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
170	!
171	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
172	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
173	!
174	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
175	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
176	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
177	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
178	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
179	END DO
180	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
181	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
182	!
183	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
184	!
185	ENDIF
186
187	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
188
189	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
190	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
191
192	#if defined key_cice
193	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
194	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
195	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
196	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
197	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
198	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
199	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
200	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
201	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
202	ENDIF
203	#endif
204	!
205	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
206
207
208	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
209	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
210	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
211	!!
212	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
213	!! the ocean surface at each time step
214	!!
215	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
216	!! fields read in sbc_read
217	!!
218	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
219	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
220	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
221	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
222	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
223	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
224	!! - evap : Evaporation over the ocean (kg/m2/s)
225	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
226	!!
227	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
228	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
229	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
230	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
231	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
232	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
233	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
234	!
235	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
236	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
244	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
247	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
248	!
249	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
250	!
251	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
252	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
253	!
254	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
255	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
256
257	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
258
259	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
260	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
261	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
262
263	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
264	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
265	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
266	#if defined key_cyclone
267	# if defined key_vectopt_loop
268	!CDIR COLLAPSE
269	# endif
270	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add Manu !
271	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
272	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
273	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
274	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
275	END DO
276	END DO
277	#endif
278	#if defined key_vectopt_loop
279	!CDIR COLLAPSE
280	#endif
281	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
282	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
283	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
284	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
285	END DO
286	END DO
287	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
288	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
289	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
290	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
291	!CDIR COLLAPSE
292	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
293	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
294
295	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
296	! I Radiative FLUXES !
297	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
298
299	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
300	zztmp = 1. - albo
301	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
302	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
303	ENDIF
304	!CDIR COLLAPSE
305	zqlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
306	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
307	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
308	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
309
310	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
311	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
312	!CDIR COLLAPSE
313	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
314
315	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
316	IF( ln_2m ) THEN
317	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are given at different height (2m) than wind (10m) :
318	CALL TURB_CORE_2Z(2.,10., zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow, &
319	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
320	& Cd , Ch , Ce , &
321	& zt_zu , zq_zu )
322	ELSE IF( ln_bulk2z ) THEN
323	!! If the height of the air temp./spec. hum. and wind are to be specified by hand :
324	IF( rn_zqt == rn_zu ) THEN
325	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are at the same height as wind :
326	CALL TURB_CORE_1Z( rn_zu, zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), &
327	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), wndm, &
328	& Cd , Ch , Ce )
329	ELSE
330	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are at a different height to wind :
331	CALL TURB_CORE_2Z(rn_zqt, rn_zu , zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow, &
332	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
333	& Cd , Ch , Ce , &
334	& zt_zu , zq_zu )
335	ENDIF
336	ELSE
337	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are given at same height than wind (10m) :
338	!gm bug? at the compiling phase, add a copy in temporary arrays... ==> check perf
339	! CALL TURB_CORE_1Z( 10., zst (:,:), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:), &
340	! & zqsatw(:,:), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:), wndm(:,:), &
341	! & Cd (:,:), Ch (:,:), Ce (:,:) )
342	!gm bug
343	! ARPDBG - this won't compile with gfortran. Fix but check performance
344	! as per comment above.
345	CALL TURB_CORE_1Z( 10., zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), &
346	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), wndm, &
347	& Cd , Ch , Ce )
348	ENDIF
349
350	! ... tau module, i and j component
351	DO jj = 1, jpj
352	DO ji = 1, jpi
353	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
354	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
355	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
356	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
357	END DO
358	END DO
359
360	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
361	IF( lhftau ) THEN
362	!CDIR COLLAPSE
363	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
364	ENDIF
365	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
366
367	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
368	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
369	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
370	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
371	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) )
372	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) )
373	END DO
374	END DO
375	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
376	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
377
378	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
379	! -----------------------------
380	IF( ln_2m .OR. ( ln_bulk2z .AND. rn_zqt /= rn_zu ) ) THEN
381	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind must be used
382	zevap(:,:) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa Ce(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) ) * wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
383	zqsb (:,:) = rhoacpaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) ) wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
384	ELSE
385	!CDIR COLLAPSE
386	zevap(:,:) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa Ce(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
387	!CDIR COLLAPSE
388	zqsb (:,:) = rhoacpaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) ) wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
389	ENDIF
390	!CDIR COLLAPSE
391	zqla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
392
393	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
394	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
395	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
396	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
397	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
398	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
399	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
400	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
401	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
402	ENDIF
403
404	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
405	! III Total FLUXES !
406	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
407
408	!CDIR COLLAPSE
409	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
410	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
411	!CDIR COLLAPSE
412	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar flux
413	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
414	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
415	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
416	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
417	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
418	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic
419	!
420	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce", zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
421	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce", - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
422	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce", - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
423	CALL iom_put( "qhc_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
424	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce", qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
425	!
426	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
427	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
428	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
429	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
430	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
431	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
432	ENDIF
433	!
434	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
435	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
436	!
437	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
438	!
439	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
440
441
442	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core( pst , pui , pvi , palb , &
443	& p_taui, p_tauj, p_qns , p_qsr, &
444	& p_qla , p_dqns, p_dqla, &
445	& p_tpr , p_spr , &
446	& p_fr1 , p_fr2 , cd_grid, pdim )
447	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
448	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core *
449	!!
450	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
451	!!
452	!! ** Method : compute momentum, heat and freshwater exchanged
453	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
454	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
455	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
456	!!
457	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
458	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
459	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: pst ! ice surface temperature (>0, =rt0 over land) [Kelvin]
460	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: pui ! ice surface velocity (i- and i- components [m/s]
461	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: pvi ! at I-point (B-grid) or U & V-point (C-grid)
462	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: palb ! ice albedo (clear sky) (alb_ice_cs) [%]
463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_taui ! i- & j-components of surface ice stress [N/m2]
464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_tauj ! at I-point (B-grid) or U & V-point (C-grid)
465	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_qns ! non solar heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2]
466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_qsr ! solar heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2]
467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_qla ! latent heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2]
468	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_dqns ! non solar heat sensistivity (T-point) [W/m2]
469	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_dqla ! latent heat sensistivity (T-point) [W/m2]
470	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_tpr ! total precipitation (T-point) [Kg/m2/s]
471	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_spr ! solid precipitation (T-point) [Kg/m2/s]
472	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_fr1 ! 1sr fraction of qsr penetration in ice (T-point) [%]
473	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_fr2 ! 2nd fraction of qsr penetration in ice (T-point) [%]
474	CHARACTER(len=1) , INTENT(in ) :: cd_grid ! ice grid ( C or B-grid)
475	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: pdim ! number of ice categories
476	!!
477	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
478	INTEGER :: ijpl ! number of ice categories (size of 3rd dim of input arrays)
479	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
480	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2, zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
481	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! temporary variable
482	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_frca ! fractional cloud amount
483	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
484	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
485	!!
486	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: z_wnds_t ! wind speed ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) at T-point
487	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
488	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
489	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
490	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
491	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
492	!
493	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core')
494	!
495	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, z_wnds_t )
496	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,pdim, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
497
498	ijpl = pdim ! number of ice categories
499
500	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
501	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
502	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
503	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
504	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
505	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
506	zcoef_frca = 1.0 - 0.3
507
508	!!gm brutal....
509	z_wnds_t(:,:) = 0.e0
510	p_taui (:,:) = 0.e0
511	p_tauj (:,:) = 0.e0
512	!!gm end
513
514	#if defined key_lim3
515	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) ! LIM3: make Tair available in sea-ice. WARNING allocated after call to ice_init
516	#endif
517	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
518	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
519	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
520	SELECT CASE( cd_grid )
521	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
522	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
523	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
524	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
525	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
526	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
527	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
528	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * pui(ji,jj)
529	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
530	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * pvi(ji,jj)
531	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
532	! ... ice stress at I-point
533	p_taui(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
534	p_tauj(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
535	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
536	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( pui(ji,jj+1) + pui(ji+1,jj+1) &
537	& + pui(ji,jj ) + pui(ji+1,jj ) )
538	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( pvi(ji,jj+1) + pvi(ji+1,jj+1) &
539	& + pvi(ji,jj ) + pvi(ji+1,jj ) )
540	z_wnds_t(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
541	END DO
542	END DO
543	CALL lbc_lnk( p_taui , 'I', -1. )
544	CALL lbc_lnk( p_tauj , 'I', -1. )
545	CALL lbc_lnk( z_wnds_t, 'T', 1. )
546	!
547	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
548	#if defined key_vectopt_loop
549	!CDIR COLLAPSE
550	#endif
551	DO jj = 2, jpj
552	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
553	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pui(ji-1,jj ) + pui(ji,jj) ) )
554	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pvi(ji ,jj-1) + pvi(ji,jj) ) )
555	z_wnds_t(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
556	END DO
557	END DO
558	#if defined key_vectopt_loop
559	!CDIR COLLAPSE
560	#endif
561	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
562	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
563	p_taui(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( z_wnds_t(ji+1,jj ) + z_wnds_t(ji,jj) ) &
564	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * pui(ji,jj) )
565	p_tauj(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( z_wnds_t(ji,jj+1 ) + z_wnds_t(ji,jj) ) &
566	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * pvi(ji,jj) )
567	END DO
568	END DO
569	CALL lbc_lnk( p_taui , 'U', -1. )
570	CALL lbc_lnk( p_tauj , 'V', -1. )
571	CALL lbc_lnk( z_wnds_t, 'T', 1. )
572	!
573	END SELECT
574
575	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
576	! ! ========================== !
577	DO jl = 1, ijpl ! Loop over ice categories !
578	! ! ========================== !
579	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
580	!CDIR COLLAPSE
581	DO jj = 1 , jpj
582	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
583	DO ji = 1, jpi
584	! ----------------------------!
585	! I Radiative FLUXES !
586	! ----------------------------!
587	zst2 = pst(ji,jj,jl) * pst(ji,jj,jl)
588	zst3 = pst(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
589	! Short Wave (sw)
590	p_qsr(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
591	! Long Wave (lw)
592	! iovino
593	IF( ff(ji,jj) .GT. 0._wp ) THEN
594	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = ( 0.95 * sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * pst(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
595	ELSE
596	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * pst(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
597	ENDIF
598	! lw sensitivity
599	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
600
601	! ----------------------------!
602	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
603	! ----------------------------!
604
605	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
606	! Sensible Heat
607	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * z_wnds_t(ji,jj) * ( pst(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
608	! Latent Heat
609	p_qla(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * z_wnds_t(ji,jj) &
610	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / pst(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
611	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
612	p_dqla(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * z_wnds_t(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / pst(ji,jj,jl) )
613	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
614	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * z_wnds_t(ji,jj)
615
616	! ----------------------------!
617	! III Total FLUXES !
618	! ----------------------------!
619	! Downward Non Solar flux
620	p_qns (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - p_qla (ji,jj,jl)
621	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
622	p_dqns(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + p_dqla(ji,jj,jl) )
623	END DO
624	!
625	END DO
626	!
627	END DO
628	!
629	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
630	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
631	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
632	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
633
634	!CDIR COLLAPSE
635	p_fr1(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - zcoef_frca ) + 0.35 * zcoef_frca )
636	!CDIR COLLAPSE
637	p_fr2(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - zcoef_frca ) + 0.65 * zcoef_frca )
638
639	!CDIR COLLAPSE
640	p_tpr(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
641	!CDIR COLLAPSE
642	p_spr(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
643	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', p_spr * 86400. ) ! Snow precipitation
644	CALL iom_put( 'precip', p_tpr * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
645	!
646	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
647	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_qla , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_qla : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=ijpl)
648	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=p_dqla , clinfo2=' p_dqla : ', kdim=ijpl)
649	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=ijpl)
650	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_dqns , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_dqns : ', tab3d_2=p_qsr , clinfo2=' p_qsr : ', kdim=ijpl)
651	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: pst : ', tab3d_2=p_qns , clinfo2=' p_qns : ', kdim=ijpl)
652	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=p_tpr , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_tpr : ', tab2d_2=p_spr , clinfo2=' p_spr : ')
653	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=p_taui , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_taui : ', tab2d_2=p_tauj , clinfo2=' p_tauj : ')
654	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=z_wnds_t, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_wnds_t : ')
655	ENDIF
656
657	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, z_wnds_t )
658	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,pdim, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
659	!
660	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core')
661	!
662	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core
663
664
665	SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_1Z(zu, sst, T_a, q_sat, q_a, &
666	& dU , Cd , Ch , Ce )
667	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
668	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
669	!!
670	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
671	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004)
672	!!
673	!! ** Method : I N E R T I A L D I S S I P A T I O N M E T H O D
674	!! Momentum, Latent and sensible heat exchange coefficients
675	!! Caution: this procedure should only be used in cases when air
676	!! temperature (T_air), air specific humidity (q_air) and wind (dU)
677	!! are provided at the same height 'zzu'!
678	!!
679	!! References : Large & Yeager, 2004 : ???
680	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
681	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in ) :: zu ! altitude of wind measurement [m]
682	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
683	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: T_a ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
684	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
685	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: q_a ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
686	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: dU ! wind module \|U(zu)-U(0)\| [m/s]
687	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT( out) :: Cd ! transfert coefficient for momentum (tau)
688	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT( out) :: Ch ! transfert coefficient for temperature (Q_sens)
689	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT( out) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
690	!!
691	INTEGER :: j_itt
692	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 3
693	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: grav = 9.8 ! gravity
694	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: kappa = 0.4 ! von Karman s constant
695
696	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dU10 ! dU [m/s]
697	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dT ! air/sea temperature differeence [K]
698	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dq ! air/sea humidity difference [K]
699	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd_n10 ! 10m neutral drag coefficient
700	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
701	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
702	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
703	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
704	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_vpot ! virtual potential temperature [K]
705	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_star ! turbulent scale of tem. fluct.
706	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: q_star ! turbulent humidity of temp. fluct.
707	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_star ! turb. scale of velocity fluct.
708	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: L ! Monin-Obukov length [m]
709	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta ! stability parameter at height zu
710	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_n10 ! neutral wind velocity at 10m [m]
711	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: xlogt, xct, zpsi_h, zpsi_m
712
713	INTEGER , DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st guess stability test integer
714	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
715	!
716	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('TURB_CORE_1Z')
717	!
718	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! integer
719	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
720	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta, U_n10, xlogt, xct, zpsi_h, zpsi_m )
721
722	!! * Start
723	!! Air/sea differences
724	dU10 = max(0.5, dU) ! we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
725	dT = T_a - sst ! assuming that T_a is allready the potential temp. at zzu
726	dq = q_a - q_sat
727	!!
728	!! Virtual potential temperature
729	T_vpot = T_a(1. + 0.608q_a)
730	!!
731	!! Neutral Drag Coefficient
732	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,dT) ! stable : stab = 1 ; unstable : stab = 0
733	IF ( ln_cdgw ) THEN
734	cdn_wave = cdn_wave - rsmall*(tmask(:,:,1)-1)
735	Cd_n10(:,:) = cdn_wave
736	ELSE
737	Cd_n10 = 1E-3 * ( 2.7/dU10 + 0.142 + dU10/13.09 ) ! L & Y eq. (6a)
738	ENDIF
739	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
740	Ce_n10 = 1E-3 * ( 34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10 ) ! L & Y eq. (6b)
741	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18stab + 32.7(1-stab)) ! L & Y eq. (6c), (6d)
742	!!
743	!! Initializing transfert coefficients with their first guess neutral equivalents :
744	Cd = Cd_n10 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
745
746	!! * Now starting iteration loop
747	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
748	!! Turbulent scales :
749	U_star = sqrt_Cd*dU10 ! L & Y eq. (7a)
750	T_star = Ch/sqrt_Cd*dT ! L & Y eq. (7b)
751	q_star = Ce/sqrt_Cd*dq ! L & Y eq. (7c)
752
753	!! Estimate the Monin-Obukov length :
754	L = (U_star*2)/( kappagrav*(T_star/T_vpot + q_star/(q_a + 1./0.608)) )
755
756	!! Stability parameters :
757	zeta = zu/L ; zeta = sign( min(abs(zeta),10.0), zeta )
758	zpsi_h = psi_h(zeta)
759	zpsi_m = psi_m(zeta)
760
761	IF ( ln_cdgw ) THEN
762	sqrt_Cd=kappa/((kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10) - zpsi_m) ; Cd=sqrt_Cd*sqrt_Cd;
763	ELSE
764	!! Shifting the wind speed to 10m and neutral stability :
765	U_n10 = dU101./(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa(log(zu/10.) - zpsi_m)) ! L & Y eq. (9a)
766
767	!! Updating the neutral 10m transfer coefficients :
768	Cd_n10 = 1E-3 * (2.7/U_n10 + 0.142 + U_n10/13.09) ! L & Y eq. (6a)
769	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
770	Ce_n10 = 1E-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L & Y eq. (6b)
771	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta)
772	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1-stab)) ! L & Y eq. (6c), (6d)
773
774	!! Shifting the neutral 10m transfer coefficients to ( zu , zeta ) :
775	!!
776	xct = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10) - zpsi_m)
777	Cd = Cd_n10/(xct*xct) ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
778	ENDIF
779	!!
780	xlogt = log(zu/10.) - zpsi_h
781	!!
782	xct = 1. + Ch_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10
783	Ch = Ch_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
784	!!
785	xct = 1. + Ce_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10
786	Ce = Ce_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
787	!!
788	END DO
789	!!
790	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! integer
791	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
792	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta, U_n10, xlogt, xct, zpsi_h, zpsi_m )
793	!
794	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('TURB_CORE_1Z')
795	!
796	END SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_1Z
797
798
799	SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_2Z(zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, Cd, Ch, Ce, T_zu, q_zu)
800	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
801	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
802	!!
803	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
804	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004).
805	!!
806	!! ** Method : I N E R T I A L D I S S I P A T I O N M E T H O D
807	!! Momentum, Latent and sensible heat exchange coefficients
808	!! Caution: this procedure should only be used in cases when air
809	!! temperature (T_air) and air specific humidity (q_air) are at a
810	!! different height to wind (dU).
811	!!
812	!! References : Large & Yeager, 2004 : ???
813	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
814	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
815	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
816	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
817	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
818	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
819	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
820	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module \|U(zu)-U(0)\| [m/s]
821	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
822	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
823	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
824	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
825	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
826
827	INTEGER :: j_itt
828	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
829	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: grav = 9.8 ! gravity
830	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: kappa = 0.4 ! von Karman's constant
831
832	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dU10 ! dU [m/s]
833	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dT ! air/sea temperature differeence [K]
834	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dq ! air/sea humidity difference [K]
835	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd_n10 ! 10m neutral drag coefficient
836	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
837	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
838	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
839	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
840	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_vpot ! virtual potential temperature [K]
841	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_star ! turbulent scale of tem. fluct.
842	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: q_star ! turbulent humidity of temp. fluct.
843	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_star ! turb. scale of velocity fluct.
844	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: L ! Monin-Obukov length [m]
845	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
846	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
847	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_n10 ! neutral wind velocity at 10m [m]
848	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: xlogt, xct, zpsi_hu, zpsi_ht, zpsi_m
849
850	INTEGER , DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
851	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
852	!
853	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('TURB_CORE_2Z')
854	!
855	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
856	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta_u, zeta_t, U_n10 )
857	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, xlogt, xct, zpsi_hu, zpsi_ht, zpsi_m )
858	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! interger
859
860	!! Initial air/sea differences
861	dU10 = max(0.5, dU) ! we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
862	dT = T_zt - sst
863	dq = q_zt - q_sat
864
865	!! Neutral Drag Coefficient :
866	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,dT) ! stab = 1 if dT > 0 -> STABLE
867	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN
868	cdn_wave = cdn_wave - rsmall*(tmask(:,:,1)-1)
869	Cd_n10(:,:) = cdn_wave
870	ELSE
871	Cd_n10 = 1E-3*( 2.7/dU10 + 0.142 + dU10/13.09 )
872	ENDIF
873	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
874	Ce_n10 = 1E-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
875	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18stab + 32.7(1 - stab))
876
877	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
878	Cd = Cd_n10 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
879
880	!! Initializing z_u values with z_t values :
881	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
882
883	!! * Now starting iteration loop
884	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
885	dT = T_zu - sst ; dq = q_zu - q_sat ! Updating air/sea differences
886	T_vpot = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! Updating virtual potential temperature at zu
887	U_star = sqrt_Cd*dU10 ! Updating turbulent scales : (L & Y eq. (7))
888	T_star = Ch/sqrt_Cd*dT !
889	q_star = Ce/sqrt_Cd*dq !
890	!!
891	L = (U_star*U_star) & ! Estimate the Monin-Obukov length at height zu
892	& / (kappagrav/T_vpot(T_star(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuq_star))
893	!! Stability parameters :
894	zeta_u = zu/L ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
895	zeta_t = zt/L ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
896	zpsi_hu = psi_h(zeta_u)
897	zpsi_ht = psi_h(zeta_t)
898	zpsi_m = psi_m(zeta_u)
899	!!
900	!! Shifting the wind speed to 10m and neutral stability : (L & Y eq.(9a))
901	! U_n10 = dU10/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10.) - psi_m(zeta_u)))
902	U_n10 = dU10/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10.) - zpsi_m))
903	!!
904	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu : (L & Y eq. (9b-9c))
905	! T_zu = T_zt - T_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + psi_h(zeta_u) - psi_h(zeta_t))
906	T_zu = T_zt - T_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + zpsi_hu - zpsi_ht)
907	! q_zu = q_zt - q_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + psi_h(zeta_u) - psi_h(zeta_t))
908	q_zu = q_zt - q_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + zpsi_hu - zpsi_ht)
909	!!
910	!! q_zu cannot have a negative value : forcing 0
911	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,q_zu) ; q_zu = stab*q_zu
912	!!
913	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN
914	sqrt_Cd=kappa/((kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10) - zpsi_m) ; Cd=sqrt_Cd*sqrt_Cd;
915	ELSE
916	!! Updating the neutral 10m transfer coefficients :
917	Cd_n10 = 1E-3 * (2.7/U_n10 + 0.142 + U_n10/13.09) ! L & Y eq. (6a)
918	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
919	Ce_n10 = 1E-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L & Y eq. (6b)
920	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u)
921	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1-stab)) ! L & Y eq. (6c-6d)
922	!!
923	!!
924	!! Shifting the neutral 10m transfer coefficients to (zu,zeta_u) :
925	xct = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10.) - zpsi_m) ! L & Y eq. (10a)
926	Cd = Cd_n10/(xct*xct) ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
927	ENDIF
928	!!
929	xlogt = log(zu/10.) - zpsi_hu
930	!!
931	xct = 1. + Ch_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10 ! L & Y eq. (10b)
932	Ch = Ch_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
933	!!
934	xct = 1. + Ce_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10 ! L & Y eq. (10c)
935	Ce = Ce_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
936	!!
937	!!
938	END DO
939	!!
940	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
941	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta_u, zeta_t, U_n10 )
942	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, xlogt, xct, zpsi_hu, zpsi_ht, zpsi_m )
943	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! interger
944	!
945	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('TURB_CORE_2Z')
946	!
947	END SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_2Z
948
949
950	FUNCTION psi_m(zta) !! Psis, L & Y eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
951	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
952	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zta
953
954	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pi = 3.141592653589793_wp
955	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
956	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
957	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
958
959	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
960
961	X2 = sqrt(abs(1. - 16.*zta)) ; X2 = max(X2 , 1.0) ; X = sqrt(X2)
962	stabit = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zta)
963	psi_m = -5.ztastabit & ! Stable
964	& + (1. - stabit)(2log((1. + X)/2) + log((1. + X2)/2) - 2*atan(X) + pi/2) ! Unstable
965
966	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
967	!
968	END FUNCTION psi_m
969
970
971	FUNCTION psi_h( zta ) !! Psis, L & Y eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
972	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
973	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zta
974	!
975	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
976	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
977	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
978
979	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
980
981	X2 = sqrt(abs(1. - 16.*zta)) ; X2 = max(X2 , 1.) ; X = sqrt(X2)
982	stabit = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zta)
983	psi_h = -5.ztastabit & ! Stable
984	& + (1. - stabit)(2.log( (1. + X2)/2. )) ! Unstable
985
986	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
987	!
988	END FUNCTION psi_h
989
990	!!======================================================================
991	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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