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sbcblk_core.F90 in branches/2013/dev_r3987_UKMO6_C1D/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC – NEMO

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source: branches/2013/dev_r3987_UKMO6_C1D/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC/sbcblk_core.F90 @ 4144

Last change on this file since 4144 was 4144, checked in by rfurner, 10 years ago
Commit for 2013 changes; see #1085
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 55.9 KB

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1	MODULE sbcblk_core
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!!=====================================================================
6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for TURB_CORE_2Z
14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
17	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
18
19	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
20	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition
21	!! (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
22	!! blk_oce_core : ocean: computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes
23	!! blk_ice_core : ice : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes
24	!! turb_core : computes the CORE turbulent transfer coefficients
25	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
26	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
27	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
28	USE phycst ! physical constants
29	USE fldread ! read input fields
30	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
31	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
32	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
33	USE iom ! I/O manager library
34	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
35	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
36	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
37	USE timing ! Timing
38	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
39	USE prtctl ! Print control
40	USE sbcwave,ONLY : cdn_wave !wave module
41	#if defined key_lim3 \|\| defined key_cice
42	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
43	#endif
44
45	IMPLICIT NONE
46	PRIVATE
47
48	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
49	PUBLIC blk_ice_core ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
50	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
51
52	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
53	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
54	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
55	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
56	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
57	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
58	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
59	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
60	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
61	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
62
63	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
64
65	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
66	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
67	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
68	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
69	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
70	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
71	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
72	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
73
74	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
75	LOGICAL :: ln_2m = .FALSE. ! logical flag for case where z(q,t) = 2m and z(u) = 10m
76	LOGICAL :: ln_bulk2z = .FALSE. ! logical flag for case where z(q,t) and z(u) are specified in the namelist
77	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt = 10. ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
78	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu = 10. ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
79	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif = .FALSE. ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
80	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac = 1. ! multiplication factor for precipitation
81
82	!! * Substitutions
83	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
84	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
85	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
86	!! NEMO/OPA 3.3 , NEMO-consortium (2010)
87	!! $Id$
88	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
89	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
90	CONTAINS
91
92	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
93	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
94	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
95	!!
96	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
97	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
98	!!
99	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
100	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
101	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
102	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
103	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
104	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
105	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
106	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
107	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
108	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
109	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
110	!!
111	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
112	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
113	!!
114	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
115	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
116	!! - taum, wndm wind stress and 10m wind modules at T-point
117	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
118	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
119	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
120	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
121	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
122	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
123	!!
124	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
125	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
126	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
127	!!
128	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
129	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
130	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
131	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow, sn_tdif ! - -
132	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_2m , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, &
133	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
134	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
135	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt , ln_bulk2z, rn_zu
136	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
137
138	! ! ====================== !
139	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
140	! ! ====================== !
141	! set file information (default values)
142	cn_dir = './' ! directory in which the model is executed
143	!
144	! (NB: frequency positive => hours, negative => months)
145	! ! file ! frequency ! variable ! time intep ! clim ! 'yearly' or ! weights ! rotation !
146	! ! name ! (hours) ! name ! (T/F) ! (T/F) ! 'monthly' ! filename ! pairs !
147	sn_wndi = FLD_N( 'uwnd10m', 24 , 'u_10' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
148	sn_wndj = FLD_N( 'vwnd10m', 24 , 'v_10' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
149	sn_qsr = FLD_N( 'qsw' , 24 , 'qsw' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
150	sn_qlw = FLD_N( 'qlw' , 24 , 'qlw' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
151	sn_tair = FLD_N( 'tair10m', 24 , 't_10' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
152	sn_humi = FLD_N( 'humi10m', 24 , 'q_10' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
153	sn_prec = FLD_N( 'precip' , -1 , 'precip' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
154	sn_snow = FLD_N( 'snow' , -1 , 'snow' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
155	sn_tdif = FLD_N( 'taudif' , 24 , 'taudif' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' )
156	!
157	REWIND( numnam ) ! read in namlist namsbc_core
158	READ ( numnam, namsbc_core )
159	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
160	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
161	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
162	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
163	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
164	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
165	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
166	ENDIF
167	! ! store namelist information in an array
168	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
169	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
170	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
171	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
172	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
173	!
174	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
175	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
176	!
177	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
178	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
179	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
180	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
181	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
182	END DO
183	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
184	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
185	!
186	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
187	!
188	ENDIF
189
190	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
191
192	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
193	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
194
195	#if defined key_cice
196	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
197	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
198	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
199	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
200	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
201	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
202	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
203	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
204	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
205	ENDIF
206	#endif
207	!
208	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
209
210
211	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
212	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
213	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
214	!!
215	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
216	!! the ocean surface at each time step
217	!!
218	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
219	!! fields read in sbc_read
220	!!
221	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
222	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
223	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
224	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
225	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
226	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
227	!! - evap : Evaporation over the ocean (kg/m2/s)
228	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
229	!!
230	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
231	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
232	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
233	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
234	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
235	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
236	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
237	!
238	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
239	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
244	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
250	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
251	!
252	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
253	!
254	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
255	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
256	!
257	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
258	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
259
260	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
261
262	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
263	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
264	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
265
266	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
267	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
268	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
269	#if defined key_cyclone
270	# if defined key_vectopt_loop
271	!CDIR COLLAPSE
272	# endif
273	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add Manu !
274	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
275	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
276	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
277	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
278	END DO
279	END DO
280	#endif
281	#if defined key_vectopt_loop
282	!CDIR COLLAPSE
283	#endif
284	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
285	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
286	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
287	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
288	END DO
289	END DO
290	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
291	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
292	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
293	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
294	!CDIR COLLAPSE
295	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
296	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
297
298	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
299	! I Radiative FLUXES !
300	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
301
302	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
303	zztmp = 1. - albo
304	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
305	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
306	ENDIF
307	!CDIR COLLAPSE
308	zqlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
309	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
310	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
311	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
312
313	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
314	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
315	!CDIR COLLAPSE
316	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
317
318	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
319	IF( ln_2m ) THEN
320	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are given at different height (2m) than wind (10m) :
321	CALL TURB_CORE_2Z(2.,10., zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow, &
322	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
323	& Cd , Ch , Ce , &
324	& zt_zu , zq_zu )
325	ELSE IF( ln_bulk2z ) THEN
326	!! If the height of the air temp./spec. hum. and wind are to be specified by hand :
327	IF( rn_zqt == rn_zu ) THEN
328	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are at the same height as wind :
329	CALL TURB_CORE_1Z( rn_zu, zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), &
330	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), wndm, &
331	& Cd , Ch , Ce )
332	ELSE
333	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are at a different height to wind :
334	CALL TURB_CORE_2Z(rn_zqt, rn_zu , zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow, &
335	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
336	& Cd , Ch , Ce , &
337	& zt_zu , zq_zu )
338	ENDIF
339	ELSE
340	!! If air temp. and spec. hum. are given at same height than wind (10m) :
341	!gm bug? at the compiling phase, add a copy in temporary arrays... ==> check perf
342	! CALL TURB_CORE_1Z( 10., zst (:,:), sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:), &
343	! & zqsatw(:,:), sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:), wndm(:,:), &
344	! & Cd (:,:), Ch (:,:), Ce (:,:) )
345	!gm bug
346	! ARPDBG - this won't compile with gfortran. Fix but check performance
347	! as per comment above.
348	CALL TURB_CORE_1Z( 10., zst , sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), &
349	& zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1), wndm, &
350	& Cd , Ch , Ce )
351	ENDIF
352
353	! ... tau module, i and j component
354	DO jj = 1, jpj
355	DO ji = 1, jpi
356	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
357	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
358	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
359	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
360	END DO
361	END DO
362
363	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
364	IF( lhftau ) THEN
365	!CDIR COLLAPSE
366	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
367	ENDIF
368	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
369
370	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
371	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
372	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
373	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
374	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) )
375	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) )
376	END DO
377	END DO
378	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
379	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
380
381	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
382	! -----------------------------
383	IF( ln_2m .OR. ( ln_bulk2z .AND. rn_zqt /= rn_zu ) ) THEN
384	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind must be used
385	zevap(:,:) = MAX( 0.e0, rhoa Ce(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) ) * wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
386	zqsb (:,:) = rhoacpaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) ) wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
387	ELSE
388	!CDIR COLLAPSE
389	zevap(:,:) = MAX( 0.e0, rhoa Ce(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
390	!CDIR COLLAPSE
391	zqsb (:,:) = rhoacpaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) ) wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
392	ENDIF
393	!CDIR COLLAPSE
394	zqla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
395
396	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
397	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
398	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
399	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
400	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
401	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
402	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
403	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
404	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
405	ENDIF
406
407	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
408	! III Total FLUXES !
409	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
410
411	!CDIR COLLAPSE
412	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
413	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
414	!CDIR COLLAPSE
415	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar flux
416	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
417	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
418	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
419	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
420	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
421	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic
422	!
423	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce", zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
424	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce", - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
425	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce", - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
426	CALL iom_put( "qhc_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
427	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce", qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
428	!
429	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
430	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
431	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
432	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
433	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
434	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
435	ENDIF
436	!
437	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
438	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
439	!
440	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
441	!
442	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
443
444
445	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core( pst , pui , pvi , palb , &
446	& p_taui, p_tauj, p_qns , p_qsr, &
447	& p_qla , p_dqns, p_dqla, &
448	& p_tpr , p_spr , &
449	& p_fr1 , p_fr2 , cd_grid, pdim )
450	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
451	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core *
452	!!
453	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
454	!!
455	!! ** Method : compute momentum, heat and freshwater exchanged
456	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
457	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
458	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
459	!!
460	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
461	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
462	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: pst ! ice surface temperature (>0, =rt0 over land) [Kelvin]
463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: pui ! ice surface velocity (i- and i- components [m/s]
464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT(in ) :: pvi ! at I-point (B-grid) or U & V-point (C-grid)
465	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in ) :: palb ! ice albedo (clear sky) (alb_ice_cs) [%]
466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_taui ! i- & j-components of surface ice stress [N/m2]
467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_tauj ! at I-point (B-grid) or U & V-point (C-grid)
468	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_qns ! non solar heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2]
469	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_qsr ! solar heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2]
470	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_qla ! latent heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2]
471	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_dqns ! non solar heat sensistivity (T-point) [W/m2]
472	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT( out) :: p_dqla ! latent heat sensistivity (T-point) [W/m2]
473	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_tpr ! total precipitation (T-point) [Kg/m2/s]
474	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_spr ! solid precipitation (T-point) [Kg/m2/s]
475	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_fr1 ! 1sr fraction of qsr penetration in ice (T-point) [%]
476	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , INTENT( out) :: p_fr2 ! 2nd fraction of qsr penetration in ice (T-point) [%]
477	CHARACTER(len=1) , INTENT(in ) :: cd_grid ! ice grid ( C or B-grid)
478	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: pdim ! number of ice categories
479	!!
480	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
481	INTEGER :: ijpl ! number of ice categories (size of 3rd dim of input arrays)
482	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
483	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2, zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
484	REAL(wp) :: zztmp ! temporary variable
485	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_frca ! fractional cloud amount
486	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
487	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
488	!!
489	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: z_wnds_t ! wind speed ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) at T-point
490	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
491	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
492	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
493	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
494	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
495	!
496	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core')
497	!
498	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, z_wnds_t )
499	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,pdim, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
500
501	ijpl = pdim ! number of ice categories
502
503	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
504	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
505	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
506	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
507	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
508	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
509	zcoef_frca = 1.0 - 0.3
510
511	!!gm brutal....
512	z_wnds_t(:,:) = 0.e0
513	p_taui (:,:) = 0.e0
514	p_tauj (:,:) = 0.e0
515	!!gm end
516
517	#if defined key_lim3
518	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) ! LIM3: make Tair available in sea-ice. WARNING allocated after call to ice_init
519	#endif
520	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
521	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
522	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
523	SELECT CASE( cd_grid )
524	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
525	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
526	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
527	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
528	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
529	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
530	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
531	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - pui(ji,jj)
532	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
533	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - pvi(ji,jj)
534	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
535	! ... ice stress at I-point
536	p_taui(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
537	p_tauj(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
538	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
539	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 0.25 * ( pui(ji,jj+1) + pui(ji+1,jj+1) &
540	& + pui(ji,jj ) + pui(ji+1,jj ) )
541	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 0.25 * ( pvi(ji,jj+1) + pvi(ji+1,jj+1) &
542	& + pvi(ji,jj ) + pvi(ji+1,jj ) )
543	z_wnds_t(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
544	END DO
545	END DO
546	CALL lbc_lnk( p_taui , 'I', -1. )
547	CALL lbc_lnk( p_tauj , 'I', -1. )
548	CALL lbc_lnk( z_wnds_t, 'T', 1. )
549	!
550	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
551	#if defined key_vectopt_loop
552	!CDIR COLLAPSE
553	#endif
554	DO jj = 2, jpj
555	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
556	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 0.5 * ( pui(ji-1,jj ) + pui(ji,jj) ) )
557	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 0.5 * ( pvi(ji ,jj-1) + pvi(ji,jj) ) )
558	z_wnds_t(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
559	END DO
560	END DO
561	#if defined key_vectopt_loop
562	!CDIR COLLAPSE
563	#endif
564	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
565	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
566	p_taui(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( z_wnds_t(ji+1,jj ) + z_wnds_t(ji,jj) ) &
567	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - pui(ji,jj) )
568	p_tauj(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( z_wnds_t(ji,jj+1 ) + z_wnds_t(ji,jj) ) &
569	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - pvi(ji,jj) )
570	END DO
571	END DO
572	CALL lbc_lnk( p_taui , 'U', -1. )
573	CALL lbc_lnk( p_tauj , 'V', -1. )
574	CALL lbc_lnk( z_wnds_t, 'T', 1. )
575	!
576	END SELECT
577
578	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
579	! ! ========================== !
580	DO jl = 1, ijpl ! Loop over ice categories !
581	! ! ========================== !
582	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
583	!CDIR COLLAPSE
584	DO jj = 1 , jpj
585	!CDIR NOVERRCHK
586	DO ji = 1, jpi
587	! ----------------------------!
588	! I Radiative FLUXES !
589	! ----------------------------!
590	zst2 = pst(ji,jj,jl) * pst(ji,jj,jl)
591	zst3 = pst(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
592	! Short Wave (sw)
593	p_qsr(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
594	! Long Wave (lw)
595	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * pst(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
596	! lw sensitivity
597	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
598
599	! ----------------------------!
600	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
601	! ----------------------------!
602
603	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
604	! Sensible Heat
605	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * z_wnds_t(ji,jj) * ( pst(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
606	! Latent Heat
607	p_qla(ji,jj,jl) = MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * z_wnds_t(ji,jj) &
608	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / pst(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
609	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
610	p_dqla(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqla * z_wnds_t(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / pst(ji,jj,jl) )
611	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
612	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * z_wnds_t(ji,jj)
613
614	! ----------------------------!
615	! III Total FLUXES !
616	! ----------------------------!
617	! Downward Non Solar flux
618	p_qns (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - p_qla (ji,jj,jl)
619	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
620	p_dqns(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + p_dqla(ji,jj,jl) )
621	END DO
622	!
623	END DO
624	!
625	END DO
626	!
627	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
628	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
629	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
630	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
631
632	!CDIR COLLAPSE
633	p_fr1(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - zcoef_frca ) + 0.35 * zcoef_frca )
634	!CDIR COLLAPSE
635	p_fr2(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - zcoef_frca ) + 0.65 * zcoef_frca )
636
637	!CDIR COLLAPSE
638	p_tpr(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
639	!CDIR COLLAPSE
640	p_spr(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
641	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', p_spr ) ! Snow precipitation
642	!
643	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
644	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_qla , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_qla : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=ijpl)
645	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=p_dqla , clinfo2=' p_dqla : ', kdim=ijpl)
646	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=ijpl)
647	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_dqns , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_dqns : ', tab3d_2=p_qsr , clinfo2=' p_qsr : ', kdim=ijpl)
648	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: pst : ', tab3d_2=p_qns , clinfo2=' p_qns : ', kdim=ijpl)
649	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=p_tpr , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_tpr : ', tab2d_2=p_spr , clinfo2=' p_spr : ')
650	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=p_taui , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: p_taui : ', tab2d_2=p_tauj , clinfo2=' p_tauj : ')
651	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=z_wnds_t, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_wnds_t : ')
652	ENDIF
653
654	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, z_wnds_t )
655	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,pdim, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
656	!
657	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core')
658	!
659	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core
660
661
662	SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_1Z(zu, sst, T_a, q_sat, q_a, &
663	& dU , Cd , Ch , Ce )
664	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
665	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
666	!!
667	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
668	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004)
669	!!
670	!! ** Method : I N E R T I A L D I S S I P A T I O N M E T H O D
671	!! Momentum, Latent and sensible heat exchange coefficients
672	!! Caution: this procedure should only be used in cases when air
673	!! temperature (T_air), air specific humidity (q_air) and wind (dU)
674	!! are provided at the same height 'zzu'!
675	!!
676	!! References : Large & Yeager, 2004 : ???
677	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
678	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in ) :: zu ! altitude of wind measurement [m]
679	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
680	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: T_a ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
681	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
682	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: q_a ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
683	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in ) :: dU ! wind module \|U(zu)-U(0)\| [m/s]
684	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT( out) :: Cd ! transfert coefficient for momentum (tau)
685	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT( out) :: Ch ! transfert coefficient for temperature (Q_sens)
686	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT( out) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
687	!!
688	INTEGER :: j_itt
689	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 3
690	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: grav = 9.8 ! gravity
691	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: kappa = 0.4 ! von Karman s constant
692
693	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dU10 ! dU [m/s]
694	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dT ! air/sea temperature differeence [K]
695	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dq ! air/sea humidity difference [K]
696	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd_n10 ! 10m neutral drag coefficient
697	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
698	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
699	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
700	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
701	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_vpot ! virtual potential temperature [K]
702	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_star ! turbulent scale of tem. fluct.
703	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: q_star ! turbulent humidity of temp. fluct.
704	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_star ! turb. scale of velocity fluct.
705	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: L ! Monin-Obukov length [m]
706	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta ! stability parameter at height zu
707	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_n10 ! neutral wind velocity at 10m [m]
708	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: xlogt, xct, zpsi_h, zpsi_m
709
710	INTEGER , DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st guess stability test integer
711	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
712	!
713	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('TURB_CORE_1Z')
714	!
715	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! integer
716	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
717	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta, U_n10, xlogt, xct, zpsi_h, zpsi_m )
718
719	!! * Start
720	!! Air/sea differences
721	dU10 = max(0.5, dU) ! we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
722	dT = T_a - sst ! assuming that T_a is allready the potential temp. at zzu
723	dq = q_a - q_sat
724	!!
725	!! Virtual potential temperature
726	T_vpot = T_a(1. + 0.608q_a)
727	!!
728	!! Neutral Drag Coefficient
729	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,dT) ! stable : stab = 1 ; unstable : stab = 0
730	IF ( ln_cdgw ) THEN
731	cdn_wave = cdn_wave - rsmall*(tmask(:,:,1)-1)
732	Cd_n10(:,:) = cdn_wave
733	ELSE
734	Cd_n10 = 1E-3 * ( 2.7/dU10 + 0.142 + dU10/13.09 ) ! L & Y eq. (6a)
735	ENDIF
736	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
737	Ce_n10 = 1E-3 * ( 34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10 ) ! L & Y eq. (6b)
738	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18stab + 32.7(1-stab)) ! L & Y eq. (6c), (6d)
739	!!
740	!! Initializing transfert coefficients with their first guess neutral equivalents :
741	Cd = Cd_n10 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
742
743	!! * Now starting iteration loop
744	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
745	!! Turbulent scales :
746	U_star = sqrt_Cd*dU10 ! L & Y eq. (7a)
747	T_star = Ch/sqrt_Cd*dT ! L & Y eq. (7b)
748	q_star = Ce/sqrt_Cd*dq ! L & Y eq. (7c)
749
750	!! Estimate the Monin-Obukov length :
751	L = (U_star*2)/( kappagrav*(T_star/T_vpot + q_star/(q_a + 1./0.608)) )
752
753	!! Stability parameters :
754	zeta = zu/L ; zeta = sign( min(abs(zeta),10.0), zeta )
755	zpsi_h = psi_h(zeta)
756	zpsi_m = psi_m(zeta)
757
758	IF ( ln_cdgw ) THEN
759	sqrt_Cd=kappa/((kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10) - zpsi_m) ; Cd=sqrt_Cd*sqrt_Cd;
760	ELSE
761	!! Shifting the wind speed to 10m and neutral stability :
762	U_n10 = dU101./(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa(log(zu/10.) - zpsi_m)) ! L & Y eq. (9a)
763
764	!! Updating the neutral 10m transfer coefficients :
765	Cd_n10 = 1E-3 * (2.7/U_n10 + 0.142 + U_n10/13.09) ! L & Y eq. (6a)
766	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
767	Ce_n10 = 1E-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L & Y eq. (6b)
768	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta)
769	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1-stab)) ! L & Y eq. (6c), (6d)
770
771	!! Shifting the neutral 10m transfer coefficients to ( zu , zeta ) :
772	!!
773	xct = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10) - zpsi_m)
774	Cd = Cd_n10/(xct*xct) ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
775	ENDIF
776	!!
777	xlogt = log(zu/10.) - zpsi_h
778	!!
779	xct = 1. + Ch_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10
780	Ch = Ch_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
781	!!
782	xct = 1. + Ce_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10
783	Ce = Ce_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
784	!!
785	END DO
786	!!
787	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! integer
788	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
789	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta, U_n10, xlogt, xct, zpsi_h, zpsi_m )
790	!
791	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('TURB_CORE_1Z')
792	!
793	END SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_1Z
794
795
796	SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_2Z(zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, Cd, Ch, Ce, T_zu, q_zu)
797	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
798	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
799	!!
800	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
801	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004).
802	!!
803	!! ** Method : I N E R T I A L D I S S I P A T I O N M E T H O D
804	!! Momentum, Latent and sensible heat exchange coefficients
805	!! Caution: this procedure should only be used in cases when air
806	!! temperature (T_air) and air specific humidity (q_air) are at a
807	!! different height to wind (dU).
808	!!
809	!! References : Large & Yeager, 2004 : ???
810	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
811	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
812	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
813	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
814	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
815	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
816	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
817	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module \|U(zu)-U(0)\| [m/s]
818	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
819	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
820	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
821	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
822	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
823
824	INTEGER :: j_itt
825	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
826	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: grav = 9.8 ! gravity
827	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: kappa = 0.4 ! von Karman's constant
828
829	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dU10 ! dU [m/s]
830	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dT ! air/sea temperature differeence [K]
831	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: dq ! air/sea humidity difference [K]
832	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd_n10 ! 10m neutral drag coefficient
833	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
834	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
835	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
836	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
837	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_vpot ! virtual potential temperature [K]
838	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: T_star ! turbulent scale of tem. fluct.
839	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: q_star ! turbulent humidity of temp. fluct.
840	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_star ! turb. scale of velocity fluct.
841	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: L ! Monin-Obukov length [m]
842	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
843	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
844	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_n10 ! neutral wind velocity at 10m [m]
845	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: xlogt, xct, zpsi_hu, zpsi_ht, zpsi_m
846
847	INTEGER , DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
848	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
849	!
850	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('TURB_CORE_2Z')
851	!
852	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
853	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta_u, zeta_t, U_n10 )
854	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, xlogt, xct, zpsi_hu, zpsi_ht, zpsi_m )
855	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! interger
856
857	!! Initial air/sea differences
858	dU10 = max(0.5, dU) ! we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
859	dT = T_zt - sst
860	dq = q_zt - q_sat
861
862	!! Neutral Drag Coefficient :
863	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,dT) ! stab = 1 if dT > 0 -> STABLE
864	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN
865	cdn_wave = cdn_wave - rsmall*(tmask(:,:,1)-1)
866	Cd_n10(:,:) = cdn_wave
867	ELSE
868	Cd_n10 = 1E-3*( 2.7/dU10 + 0.142 + dU10/13.09 )
869	ENDIF
870	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
871	Ce_n10 = 1E-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
872	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18stab + 32.7(1 - stab))
873
874	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
875	Cd = Cd_n10 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
876
877	!! Initializing z_u values with z_t values :
878	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
879
880	!! * Now starting iteration loop
881	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
882	dT = T_zu - sst ; dq = q_zu - q_sat ! Updating air/sea differences
883	T_vpot = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! Updating virtual potential temperature at zu
884	U_star = sqrt_Cd*dU10 ! Updating turbulent scales : (L & Y eq. (7))
885	T_star = Ch/sqrt_Cd*dT !
886	q_star = Ce/sqrt_Cd*dq !
887	!!
888	L = (U_star*U_star) & ! Estimate the Monin-Obukov length at height zu
889	& / (kappagrav/T_vpot(T_star(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuq_star))
890	!! Stability parameters :
891	zeta_u = zu/L ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
892	zeta_t = zt/L ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
893	zpsi_hu = psi_h(zeta_u)
894	zpsi_ht = psi_h(zeta_t)
895	zpsi_m = psi_m(zeta_u)
896	!!
897	!! Shifting the wind speed to 10m and neutral stability : (L & Y eq.(9a))
898	! U_n10 = dU10/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10.) - psi_m(zeta_u)))
899	U_n10 = dU10/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10.) - zpsi_m))
900	!!
901	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu : (L & Y eq. (9b-9c))
902	! T_zu = T_zt - T_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + psi_h(zeta_u) - psi_h(zeta_t))
903	T_zu = T_zt - T_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + zpsi_hu - zpsi_ht)
904	! q_zu = q_zt - q_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + psi_h(zeta_u) - psi_h(zeta_t))
905	q_zu = q_zt - q_star/kappa*(log(zt/zu) + zpsi_hu - zpsi_ht)
906	!!
907	!! q_zu cannot have a negative value : forcing 0
908	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,q_zu) ; q_zu = stab*q_zu
909	!!
910	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN
911	sqrt_Cd=kappa/((kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10) - zpsi_m) ; Cd=sqrt_Cd*sqrt_Cd;
912	ELSE
913	!! Updating the neutral 10m transfer coefficients :
914	Cd_n10 = 1E-3 * (2.7/U_n10 + 0.142 + U_n10/13.09) ! L & Y eq. (6a)
915	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(Cd_n10)
916	Ce_n10 = 1E-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L & Y eq. (6b)
917	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u)
918	Ch_n10 = 1E-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1-stab)) ! L & Y eq. (6c-6d)
919	!!
920	!!
921	!! Shifting the neutral 10m transfer coefficients to (zu,zeta_u) :
922	xct = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/kappa*(log(zu/10.) - zpsi_m) ! L & Y eq. (10a)
923	Cd = Cd_n10/(xct*xct) ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt(Cd)
924	ENDIF
925	!!
926	xlogt = log(zu/10.) - zpsi_hu
927	!!
928	xct = 1. + Ch_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10 ! L & Y eq. (10b)
929	Ch = Ch_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
930	!!
931	xct = 1. + Ce_n10*xlogt/kappa/sqrt_Cd_n10 ! L & Y eq. (10c)
932	Ce = Ce_n10*sqrt_Cd/sqrt_Cd_n10/xct
933	!!
934	!!
935	END DO
936	!!
937	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, dU10, dT, dq, Cd_n10, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd, L )
938	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, T_vpot, T_star, q_star, U_star, zeta_u, zeta_t, U_n10 )
939	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, xlogt, xct, zpsi_hu, zpsi_ht, zpsi_m )
940	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, stab ) ! interger
941	!
942	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('TURB_CORE_2Z')
943	!
944	END SUBROUTINE TURB_CORE_2Z
945
946
947	FUNCTION psi_m(zta) !! Psis, L & Y eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
948	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
949	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zta
950
951	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pi = 3.141592653589793_wp
952	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
953	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
954	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
955
956	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
957
958	X2 = sqrt(abs(1. - 16.*zta)) ; X2 = max(X2 , 1.0) ; X = sqrt(X2)
959	stabit = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zta)
960	psi_m = -5.ztastabit & ! Stable
961	& + (1. - stabit)(2log((1. + X)/2) + log((1. + X2)/2) - 2*atan(X) + pi/2) ! Unstable
962
963	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
964	!
965	END FUNCTION psi_m
966
967
968	FUNCTION psi_h( zta ) !! Psis, L & Y eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
969	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
970	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zta
971	!
972	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
973	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
974	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
975
976	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
977
978	X2 = sqrt(abs(1. - 16.*zta)) ; X2 = max(X2 , 1.) ; X = sqrt(X2)
979	stabit = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zta)
980	psi_h = -5.ztastabit & ! Stable
981	& + (1. - stabit)(2.log( (1. + X2)/2. )) ! Unstable
982
983	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
984	!
985	END FUNCTION psi_h
986
987	!!======================================================================
988	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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