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sbcblk_core.F90 in branches/2015/dev_r5003_MERCATOR6_CRS/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC – NEMO

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source: branches/2015/dev_r5003_MERCATOR6_CRS/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC/sbcblk_core.F90 @ 6772

Last change on this file since 6772 was 6772, checked in by cbricaud, 8 years ago
clean in coarsening branch
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 58.4 KB

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1	MODULE sbcblk_core
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!!=====================================================================
6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core_2z
14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
17	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
18	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
19
20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
21	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
22	!! blk_oce_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
23	!! blk_ice_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ice
24	!! turb_core_2z : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients
25	!! cd_neutral_10m : Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m
26	!! psi_m : universal profile stability function for momentum
27	!! psi_h : universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
28	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
29	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
30	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
31	USE phycst ! physical constants
32	USE fldread ! read input fields
33	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
34	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
35	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
36	USE iom ! I/O manager library
37	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
38	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
39	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
40	USE timing ! Timing
41	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
42	USE prtctl ! Print control
43	USE sbcwave, ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
44	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
45	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
46	USE sbcapr
47	#if defined key_lim3
48	USE ice, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, pfrld, a_i_b
49	USE limthd_dh ! for CALL lim_thd_snwblow
50	#elif defined key_lim2
51	USE ice_2, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, pfrld
52	USE par_ice_2
53	#endif
54
55	IMPLICIT NONE
56	PRIVATE
57
58	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
59	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
60	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_tau ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
61	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_flx ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
62	#endif
63	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
64
65	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
66	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
67	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
68	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
69	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
70	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
71	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
75
76	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
77
78	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
79	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
80	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
81	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
82	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
83	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
84	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.4e-3 ! iovi 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
85	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
86	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rgas = 287.1 ! gas const. dry air (J/kg/K)
87	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rvap = 461.51 ! gas const. vapour (J/kg/K)
88
89	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
90	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
91	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
92	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation (clem)
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
95	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
96	!
97	LOGICAL :: ln_tair_celsius !: logical flag for Read Tair: Tair in NEMO is Kelvin
98	LOGICAL :: ln_humi_rel !: logical flag for Read relative humidity (T) or specific humidity (F)
99	LOGICAL :: ln_cohum_arc !: logical flag for Correction of Humidity in the Arctic Ocean
100	LOGICAL :: ln_cotair_arc !: logical flag for Correction of Air Temperature in the Arctic Ocean
101	LOGICAL :: ln_corad_antar !: logical flag for Correction of radiatives fluxes in the Southern Ocean
102
103
104	!! * Substitutions
105	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
106	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
107	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
108	!! NEMO/OPA 3.7 , NEMO-consortium (2014)
109	!! $Id$
110	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
111	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
112	CONTAINS
113
114	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
115	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
116	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
117	!!
118	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
119	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
120	!!
121	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
122	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
123	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
124	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
125	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
126	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
127	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
128	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
129	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
130	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
131	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
132	!!
133	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
134	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
135	!!
136	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
137	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
138	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
139	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
140	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
141	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
142	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
143	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
144	!!
145	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
146	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
147	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
148	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
149	!
150	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
151	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
152	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
153	INTEGER :: ios ! Local integer output status for namelist read
154	!
155	INTEGER :: ji,jj
156	REAL(wp) :: zzlat, zzlat1, zzlat2, zfm, zfrld
157	REAL(wp) :: zmin,zmax
158	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: xyt,z_qsr,z_qlw,z_qsr1,z_qlw1, z_hum, z_tair
159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsr_lr, zqsr_hr, zqlw_lr, zqlw_hr
160
161	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
162	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
163	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
164	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
165	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_tdif ! " "
166	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, &
167	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
168	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
169	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt, rn_zu , ln_tair_celsius, &
170	& ln_humi_rel , ln_cohum_arc, &
171	& ln_cotair_arc, ln_corad_antar
172
173	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
174	!
175	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, xyt,z_qsr,z_qlw,z_qsr1,z_qlw1, z_hum, z_tair )
176	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zqsr_lr, zqsr_hr, zqlw_lr, zqlw_hr )
177	! ! ====================== !
178	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
179	! ! ====================== !
180	!
181	REWIND( numnam_ref ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in reference namelist : CORE bulk parameters
182	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
183	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in reference namelist', lwp )
184	!
185	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in configuration namelist : CORE bulk parameters
186	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
187	902 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in configuration namelist', lwp )
188
189	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_core )
190	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
191	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
192	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
193	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
194	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
195	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
196	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
197	ENDIF
198	! ! store namelist information in an array
199	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
200	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
201	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
202	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
203	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
204	!
205	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
206	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
207	!
208	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
209	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
210	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
211	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
212	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
213	END DO
214	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
215	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
216	!
217	!
218	IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,*) 'sbc_blk_core: jfld = ',jfld
219	IF( ln_cohum_arc ) CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: correction of humidity in arctic' )
220	IF( ln_cotair_arc ) CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: correction of air temperature in arctic' )
221	IF( ln_corad_antar ) CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: correction of short radiation in antartic' )
222	IF( ln_humi_rel ) CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: use relative humidity instead of specific humidity')
223	IF( ln_tair_celsius) CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: Tair is read in Celsius')
224	IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,*) 'sbc_blk_core: rn_pfac = ',rn_pfac
225	!
226	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
227	!
228	ENDIF
229
230	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
231
232	!=========================================
233	! ONLINE CORRECTIONS
234	!=========================================
235	!
236	! Correction of Tair
237	!
238	IF( ln_tair_celsius .AND. MOD( kt-1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
239	sf(jp_tair)%fnow = sf(jp_tair)%fnow + 273.15_wp ! Conversion of the Temperature °C --> Kelvin
240	ENDIF
241	!
242	! Correction of SW and LW in the Southern Ocean
243	!
244	IF( ln_corad_antar .AND. .NOT. sf(jp_qsr)%ln_tint .AND. MOD( kt-1, 86400/INT(rdt) ) == 0 ) THEN
245	z_qsr(:,:) = 0.8 * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
246	xyt(:,:) = 0.e0 ; zzlat1 = -65. ; zzlat2 = -60.
247	DO jj = 1, jpj
248	DO ji = 1, jpi
249	zzlat = gphit(ji,jj)
250	IF( zzlat >= zzlat1 .AND. zzlat <= zzlat2 ) THEN
251	xyt(ji,jj) = (zzlat2-zzlat)/(zzlat2-zzlat1)
252	ELSE IF ( zzlat < zzlat1 ) THEN
253	xyt(ji,jj) = 1
254	ENDIF
255	END DO
256	END DO
257	IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,*) 'Correc ln_corad_antar'
258	z_qsr1(:,:) = z_qsr(:,:) * xyt(:,:) + ( 1.0 - xyt(:,:) ) * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
259	sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) = z_qsr1(:,:)
260	ENDIF
261
262	IF( MOD( kt-1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 )THEN
263	!
264	IF ( nmonth >= 5 .AND. nmonth <= 9 ) THEN
265	!
266	! Correction of Humidity in the Arctic Ocean
267	!
268	IF( ln_cohum_arc ) THEN
269	z_hum(:,:) = 0.85 * sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
270	xyt(:,:) = 0.e0 ; zzlat1 = 78. ; zzlat2 = 82.
271	DO jj = 1, jpj
272	DO ji = 1, jpi
273	zzlat = gphit(ji,jj)
274	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
275	IF ( ALLOCATED(pfrld) ) THEN ; zfrld = pfrld(ji,jj) ; ELSE ; zfrld = 0 ; ENDIF
276	#endif
277	IF( zzlat >= zzlat1 .AND. zzlat <= zzlat2 .AND. zfrld < 0.85 ) THEN
278	xyt(ji,jj) = ( zzlat - zzlat1 ) / ( zzlat2 - zzlat1 )
279	ELSE IF ( zzlat > zzlat2 .AND. zfrld < 0.85 ) THEN
280	xyt(ji,jj) = 1._wp
281	ENDIF
282	ENDDO
283	ENDDO
284	IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,*) 'Correc ln_cohum_arc'
285	sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) = z_hum(:,:) * xyt(:,:) + ( 1.0 - xyt(:,:) ) * sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
286	ENDIF
287	!
288	! Correction of Air Temperature in the Arctic Ocean
289	!
290	IF( ln_cotair_arc ) THEN
291	z_tair(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - 2.0
292	xyt(:,:) = 0.e0 ; zzlat1 = 78. ; zzlat2 = 82.
293	DO jj = 1, jpj
294	DO ji = 1, jpi
295	zzlat = gphit(ji,jj)
296	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
297	IF( ALLOCATED(pfrld) ) THEN ; zfrld = pfrld(ji,jj) ; ELSE ; zfrld=0 ; ENDIF
298	#endif
299	IF( zzlat >= zzlat1 .AND. zzlat <= zzlat2 .AND. zfrld < 0.85 ) THEN
300	xyt(ji,jj) = ( zzlat - zzlat1 ) / ( zzlat2 - zzlat1 )
301	ELSE IF( zzlat > zzlat2 .AND. zfrld < 0.85 ) THEN
302	xyt(ji,jj) = 1._wp
303	ENDIF
304	END DO
305	ENDDO
306	IF(lwp) WRITE(numout,*) 'Correc ln_cotair_arc'
307	sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) = z_tair(:,:) * xyt(:,:) + ( 1.0 - xyt(:,:) ) * sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
308	ENDIF
309	!
310	ENDIF ! 5 <= nmonth <= 9
311
312	!
313	ENDIF ! IF MOD( kt-1, nn_fsbc )
314
315	DO jj=1,jpj
316	DO ji=1,jpi
317	sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = MAX( MIN( sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ,1.0 ) , 0.0 )
318	sf(jp_prec)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = MAX( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ,0.0 )
319	sf(jp_qsr )%fnow(ji,jj,1) = MAX( sf(jp_qsr )%fnow(ji,jj,1) ,0.0 )
320	sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(ji,jj,1) = MAX( sf(jp_qlw )%fnow(ji,jj,1) ,0.0 )
321	ENDDO
322	END DO
323
324	!
325	!=========================================
326	! END OF ONLINE CORRECTIONS
327	!=========================================
328	!
329
330	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
331	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
332
333	#if defined key_cice
334	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
335	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
336	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
337	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
338	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
339	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
340	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
341	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
342	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
343	ENDIF
344	#endif
345	!
346	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, xyt,z_qsr,z_qlw,z_qsr1,z_qlw1, z_hum, z_tair )
347	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zqsr_lr, zqsr_hr, zqlw_lr, zqlw_hr )
348	!
349	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
350
351
352	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
353	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
354	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
355	!!
356	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
357	!! the ocean surface at each time step
358	!!
359	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
360	!! fields read in sbc_read
361	!!
362	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
363	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
364	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
365	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
366	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
367	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
368	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
369	!!
370	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
371	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
372	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
373	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
374	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
375	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
376	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
377	!
378	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
379	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqatm , zpatm ! specific humidity and mean sea level pressure (Pa)
391	REAL(wp) :: vt, vp, vq, zqa, zq0, zq1, zq2, zee
392	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
393	!
394	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
395	!
396	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
397	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu ,zqatm, zpatm )
398	!
399	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
400	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
401
402	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
403
404	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
405	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
406	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
407
408	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
409	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
410	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
411	#if defined key_cyclone
412	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
413	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
414	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
415	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
416	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
417	END DO
418	END DO
419	#endif
420	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
421	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
422	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
423	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
424	END DO
425	END DO
426	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
427	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
428	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
429	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
430	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
431
432	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
433	! I Radiative FLUXES !
434	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
435
436	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
437	zztmp = 1. - albo
438	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
439	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
440	ENDIF
441
442	zqlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
443	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
444	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
445	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
446
447	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
448	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
449	!
450	IF ( ln_humi_rel ) THEN
451	zq0 = rvap / rgas - 1.0
452	zq1 = rgas / rvap
453	zq2 = 1.0 - zq1
454	zpatm(:,:) = 100800. ! atmospheric pressure (assumed constant here)
455	IF ( ln_apr_dyn ) zpatm(:,:) = apr(:,:)
456	DO jj = 1 , jpj
457	DO ji = 1 , jpi
458	vt = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rt0 ! air temperature (Celsius)
459	vp = zpatm(ji,jj) / 100. ! mean sea level pressure (mb or hPa)
460	vq = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ! relative humidity (fraction of 1)
461	! Convert RH at the air/sea interface in specific humidity (kg/kg)
462	! Teten's formula for qsat (mb)
463	zqa = ( 1.0007 + 3.46e-6 * vp) * 6.1121 * EXP( 17.502 * vt / ( 240.97+vt ) )
464	zee = zqa * vq ! vapour partial pressure (mb)
465	vq = zq1 * zee / ( vp - zq2 * zee ) ! specific humidity (kg/kg)
466	zqatm(ji,jj) = vq
467	ENDDO
468	ENDDO
469	ELSE
470	zqatm(:,:)=sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
471	ENDIF
472	!
473	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
474	CALL turb_core_2z( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, sf(jp_tair)%fnow, zqsatw, zqatm, wndm, &
475	& Cd, Ch, Ce, zt_zu, zq_zu )
476
477	! ... tau module, i and j component
478	DO jj = 1, jpj
479	DO ji = 1, jpi
480	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
481	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
482	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
483	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
484	END DO
485	END DO
486
487	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
488	IF( lhftau ) THEN
489	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
490	ENDIF
491	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
492
493	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
494	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
495	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
496	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
497	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
498	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
499	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
500	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
501	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
502	END DO
503	END DO
504	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
505	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
506
507
508	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
509	! -----------------------------
510	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
511	!! q_air and t_air are (or "are almost") given at 10m (wind reference height)
512	!zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
513	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zqatm(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
514	zqsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
515	ELSE
516	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
517	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
518	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
519	zqsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
520	ENDIF
521	zqla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
522
523	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
524	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
525	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
526	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
527	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
528	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
529	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
530	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
531	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
532	ENDIF
533
534	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
535	! III Total FLUXES !
536	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
537	!
538	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
539	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
540	!
541	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
542	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
543	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
544	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
545	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
546	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
547	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
548	!
549	#if defined key_lim3
550	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by LIM3)
551	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
552	#endif
553	!
554	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
555	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
556	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
557	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
558	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
559	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
560	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
561	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
562	ENDIF
563	!
564	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
565	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
566	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
567	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
568	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
569	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
570	ENDIF
571	!
572	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
573	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu, zqatm, zpatm )
574	!
575	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
576	!
577	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
578
579
580	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
581	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
582	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
583	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau *
584	!!
585	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
586	!!
587	!! ** Method : compute momentum using CORE bulk
588	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
589	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
590	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
591	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
592	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2
593	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
594	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
595	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
596
597	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_tau')
598	!
599	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
600	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
601	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
602
603	!!gm brutal....
604	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
605	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
606	wndm_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
607	!!gm end
608
609	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
610	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
611	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
612	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
613	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
614	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
615	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
616	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
617	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
618	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
619	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj)
620	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
621	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj)
622	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
623	! ... ice stress at I-point
624	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
625	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
626	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
627	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( u_ice(ji,jj+1) + u_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
628	& + u_ice(ji,jj ) + u_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
629	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( v_ice(ji,jj+1) + v_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
630	& + v_ice(ji,jj ) + v_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
631	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
632	END DO
633	END DO
634	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'I', -1. )
635	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'I', -1. )
636	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
637	!
638	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
639	DO jj = 2, jpj
640	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
641	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
642	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
643	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
644	END DO
645	END DO
646	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
647	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
648	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
649	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
650	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
651	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
652	END DO
653	END DO
654	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'U', -1. )
655	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
656	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
657	!
658	END SELECT
659
660	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
661	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
662	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: wndm_ice : ')
663	ENDIF
664
665	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_tau')
666
667	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
668
669
670	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx( ptsu, palb )
671	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
672	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx *
673	!!
674	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
675	!!
676	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
677	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
678	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
679	!!
680	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
681	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
682	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
683	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
684	!!
685	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
686	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
687	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
688	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_lsub ! temporary variable
689	REAL(wp) :: ztamr,zmt1,zmt2,zmt3,zev,zes
690	!!
691	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
692	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
693	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
694	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
695	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (LIM3)
696	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: zqatm, zpatm , ztatm ! specific humidity
697	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
698	!
699	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_flx')
700	!
701	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
702	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zqatm, zpatm, ztatm )
703
704	IF ( ln_humi_rel ) THEN
705	zpatm(:,:) = 100800. ! atmospheric pressure (assumed constant here)
706	IF (ln_apr_dyn) zpatm(:,:) = apr(:,:)
707	DO jj=1,jpj
708	DO ji=1,jpi
709	ztatm (ji,jj) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ! air temperature in Kelvins
710	ztamr = ztatm(ji,jj) - rtt ! Saturation water vapour
711	zmt1 = SIGN( 17.269, ztamr )
712	zmt2 = SIGN( 21.875, ztamr )
713	zmt3 = SIGN( 28.200, -ztamr )
714	zes = 611.0 * EXP( ABS( ztamr ) * MIN ( zmt1, zmt2 ) &
715	& / ( ztatm(ji,jj) - 35.86 + MAX( 0.e0, zmt3 ) ) )
716	zev = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * zes ! vapour pressure
717	zqatm(ji,jj) = 0.622 * zev / ( zpatm(ji,jj) - 0.378 * zev ) ! specific humidity
718	ENDDO
719	ENDDO
720	ELSE
721	zqatm(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
722	ENDIF
723
724	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
725	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
726	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
727	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
728
729	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
730	! ! ========================== !
731	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
732	! ! ========================== !
733	DO jj = 1 , jpj
734	DO ji = 1, jpi
735	! ----------------------------!
736	! I Radiative FLUXES !
737	! ----------------------------!
738	zst2 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
739	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
740	! Short Wave (sw)
741	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
742	! Long Wave (lw)
743	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
744	! lw sensitivity
745	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
746
747	! ----------------------------!
748	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
749	! ----------------------------!
750
751	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
752	! Sensible Heat
753	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
754	! Latent Heat
755	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) &
756	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - zqatm(ji,jj) ) )
757	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
758	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
759	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * wndm_ice(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) )
760	ELSE
761	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
762	ENDIF
763
764	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
765	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
766
767	! ----------------------------!
768	! III Total FLUXES !
769	! ----------------------------!
770	! Downward Non Solar flux
771	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
772	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
773	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
774	END DO
775	!
776	END DO
777	!
778	END DO
779	!
780	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
781	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
782	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow precipitation
783	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
784
785	#if defined key_lim3
786	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
787
788	! --- evaporation --- !
789	z1_lsub = 1._wp / Lsub
790	evap_ice (:,:,:) = qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! sublimation
791	devap_ice(:,:,:) = dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_lsub
792	zevap (:,:) = emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ! evaporation over ocean
793
794	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
795	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
796	CALL lim_thd_snwblow( pfrld, zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
797	emp_oce(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
798	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
799	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
800
801	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
802	qemp_oce(:,:) = - pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
803	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
804	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
805	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
806	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
807	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
808
809	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
810	qns_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
811	qsr_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
812
813	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
814	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhosn * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
815
816	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
817	#endif
818
819	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
820	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
821	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
822	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
823	!
824	fr1_i0(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice )
825	fr2_i0(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice )
826	!
827	!
828	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
829	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
830	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
831	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
832	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
833	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
834	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
835	ENDIF
836
837	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
838	!
839	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_flx')
840
841	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zqatm, zpatm, ztatm )
842	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx
843	#endif
844
845	SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z( zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, &
846	& Cd, Ch, Ce , T_zu, q_zu )
847	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
848	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
849	!!
850	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
851	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004) and Large & Yeager (2008)
852	!! If relevant (zt /= zu), adjust temperature and humidity from height zt to zu
853	!!
854	!! ** Method : Monin Obukhov Similarity Theory
855	!! + Large & Yeager (2004,2008) closure: CD_n10 = f(U_n10)
856	!!
857	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
858	!!
859	!! ** Last update: Laurent Brodeau, June 2014:
860	!! - handles both cases zt=zu and zt/=zu
861	!! - optimized: less 2D arrays allocated and less operations
862	!! - better first guess of stability by checking air-sea difference of virtual temperature
863	!! rather than temperature difference only...
864	!! - added function "cd_neutral_10m" that uses the improved parametrization of
865	!! Large & Yeager 2008. Drag-coefficient reduction for Cyclone conditions!
866	!! - using code-wide physical constants defined into "phycst.mod" rather than redifining them
867	!! => 'vkarmn' and 'grav'
868	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
869	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
870	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
871	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
872	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
873	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
874	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
875	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module at zu [m/s]
876	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
877	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
878	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
879	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
880	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
881	!
882	INTEGER :: j_itt
883	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
884	LOGICAL :: l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE. ! if q and t are given at different height than U
885	!
886	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_zu ! relative wind at zu [m/s]
887	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
888	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
889	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
890	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
891	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
892	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
893	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u
894	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2
895	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
896	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
897
898	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('turb_core_2z')
899
900	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
901	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
902	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
903
904	l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE.
905	IF( ABS(zu - zt) < 0.01 ) l_zt_equal_zu = .TRUE. ! testing "zu == zt" is risky with double precision
906
907	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
908
909	U_zu = MAX( 0.5 , dU ) ! relative wind speed at zu (normally 10m), we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
910
911	!! First guess of stability:
912	ztmp0 = T_zt(1. + 0.608q_zt) - sst(1. + 0.608q_sat) ! air-sea difference of virtual pot. temp. at zt
913	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,ztmp0) ! stab = 1 if dTv > 0 => STABLE, 0 if unstable
914
915	!! Neutral coefficients at 10m:
916	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! wave drag case
917	cdn_wave(:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:) + rsmall * ( 1._wp - tmask(:,:,1) )
918	ztmp0 (:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:)
919	ELSE
920	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m( U_zu )
921	ENDIF
922	sqrt_Cd_n10 = SQRT( ztmp0 )
923	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
924	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab))
925
926	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
927	Cd = ztmp0 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt_Cd_n10
928
929	!! Initializing values at z_u with z_t values:
930	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
931
932	!! * Now starting iteration loop
933	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
934	!
935	ztmp1 = T_zu - sst ! Updating air/sea differences
936	ztmp2 = q_zu - q_sat
937
938	! Updating turbulent scales : (L&Y 2004 eq. (7))
939	ztmp1 = Ch/sqrt_Cdztmp1 ! theta
940	ztmp2 = Ce/sqrt_Cdztmp2 ! q
941
942	ztmp0 = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! virtual potential temperature at zu
943
944	! Estimate the inverse of Monin-Obukov length (1/L) at height zu:
945	ztmp0 = (vkarmngrav/ztmp0(ztmp1(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuztmp2)) / (CdU_zuU_zu)
946	! ( CdU_zuU_zu is U*^2 at zu)
947
948	!! Stability parameters :
949	zeta_u = zu*ztmp0 ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
950	zpsi_h_u = psi_h( zeta_u )
951	zpsi_m_u = psi_m( zeta_u )
952
953	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu (L&Y 2004 eq. (9b-9c))
954	IF ( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) THEN
955	zeta_t = zt*ztmp0 ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
956	stab = LOG(zu/zt) - zpsi_h_u + psi_h(zeta_t) ! stab just used as temp array!!!
957	T_zu = T_zt + ztmp1/vkarmnstab ! ztmp1 is still theta
958	q_zu = q_zt + ztmp2/vkarmnstab ! ztmp2 is still q
959	q_zu = max(0., q_zu)
960	END IF
961
962	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! surface wave case
963	sqrt_Cd = vkarmn / ( vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10 - zpsi_m_u )
964	Cd = sqrt_Cd * sqrt_Cd
965	ELSE
966	! Update neutral wind speed at 10m and neutral Cd at 10m (L&Y 2004 eq. 9a)...
967	! In very rare low-wind conditions, the old way of estimating the
968	! neutral wind speed at 10m leads to a negative value that causes the code
969	! to crash. To prevent this a threshold of 0.25m/s is imposed.
970	ztmp0 = MAX( 0.25 , U_zu/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u)) ) ! U_n10
971	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m(ztmp0) ! Cd_n10
972	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(ztmp0)
973
974	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6b)
975	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u) ! update stability
976	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab)) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6c-6d)
977
978	!! Update of transfer coefficients:
979	ztmp1 = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10a)
980	Cd = ztmp0 / ( ztmp1*ztmp1 )
981	sqrt_Cd = SQRT( Cd )
982	ENDIF
983	!
984	ztmp0 = (LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_h_u) / vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10
985	ztmp2 = sqrt_Cd / sqrt_Cd_n10
986	ztmp1 = 1. + Ch_n10*ztmp0
987	Ch = Ch_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10b)
988	!
989	ztmp1 = 1. + Ce_n10*ztmp0
990	Ce = Ce_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10c)
991	!
992	END DO
993
994	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
995	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
996	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
997
998	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
999
1000	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('turb_core_2z')
1001	!
1002	END SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z
1003
1004
1005	FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m( zw10 )
1006	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1007	!! Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m as a function
1008	!! of neutral wind speed at 10m
1009	!!
1010	!! Origin: Large & Yeager 2008 eq.(11a) and eq.(11b)
1011	!!
1012	!! Author: L. Brodeau, june 2014
1013	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1014	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zw10 ! scalar wind speed at 10m (m/s)
1015	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: cd_neutral_10m
1016	!
1017	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: rgt33
1018	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
1019	!
1020	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33 )
1021	!
1022	!! When wind speed > 33 m/s => Cyclone conditions => special treatment
1023	rgt33 = 0.5_wp + SIGN( 0.5_wp, (zw10 - 33._wp) ) ! If zw10 < 33. => 0, else => 1
1024	cd_neutral_10m = 1.e-3 * ( &
1025	& (1._wp - rgt33)( 2.7_wp/zw10 + 0.142_wp + zw10/13.09_wp - 3.14807E-10zw10**6) & ! zw10< 33.
1026	& + rgt33 * 2.34 ) ! zw10 >= 33.
1027	!
1028	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33)
1029	!
1030	END FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m
1031
1032
1033	FUNCTION psi_m(pta) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
1034	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1035	! universal profile stability function for momentum
1036	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1037	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
1038	!
1039	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
1040	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
1041	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1042	!
1043	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
1044	!
1045	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
1046	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
1047	psi_m = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
1048	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG((1. + X)0.5) + LOG((1. + X2)0.5) - 2.ATAN(X) + rpi0.5) ! Unstable
1049	!
1050	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
1051	!
1052	END FUNCTION psi_m
1053
1054
1055	FUNCTION psi_h( pta ) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
1056	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1057	! universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
1058	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1059	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
1060	!
1061	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
1062	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
1063	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1064	!
1065	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
1066	!
1067	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
1068	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
1069	psi_h = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
1070	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG( (1. + X2)*0.5 )) ! Unstable
1071	!
1072	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
1073	!
1074	END FUNCTION psi_h
1075
1076	!!======================================================================
1077	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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