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sbcblk_core.F90 in branches/UKMO/r6232_HZG_WAVE/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC – NEMO

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source: branches/UKMO/r6232_HZG_WAVE/NEMOGCM/NEMO/OPA_SRC/SBC/sbcblk_core.F90 @ 7807

Last change on this file since 7807 was 7807, checked in by jcastill, 7 years ago
Changes as in HZG wave forcing branch, but adapted to r6232
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 52.3 KB

Line
1	MODULE sbcblk_core
2	!!======================================================================
3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
5	!!=====================================================================
6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core_2z
14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
17	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
18	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
19	!! 3.6 2016-06 (V.Alari) Added wave dependent drag
20	!coefficient and ocean side stress
21	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
22	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
23	!! blk_oce_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
24	!! blk_ice_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ice
25	!! turb_core_2z : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients
26	!! cd_neutral_10m : Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m
27	!! psi_m : universal profile stability function for momentum
28	!! psi_h : universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
29	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
30	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
31	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
32	USE phycst ! physical constants
33	USE fldread ! read input fields
34	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
35	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
36	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
37	USE iom ! I/O manager library
38	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
39	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
40	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
41	USE timing ! Timing
42	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
43	USE prtctl ! Print control
44	! USE sbcwave, ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module (V.Alari 27.06.2016) We get
45	! info from sbc_oce
46	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
47	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
48	#if defined key_lim3
49	USE ice, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, pfrld, a_i_b
50	USE limthd_dh ! for CALL lim_thd_snwblow
51	#elif defined key_lim2
52	USE ice_2, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice
53	USE par_ice_2
54	#endif
55
56	IMPLICIT NONE
57	PRIVATE
58
59	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
60	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
61	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_tau ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
62	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_flx ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
63	#endif
64	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
65
66	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
67	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
68	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
69	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
70	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
71	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
74	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
75	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
76
77	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
78
79	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
80	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
81	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
82	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
83	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
84	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
85	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.4e-3 ! iovi 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
86	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
87
88	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
89	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
90	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
91	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation (clem)
92	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
93	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
94	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
95
96	!! * Substitutions
97	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
98	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
99	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
100	!! NEMO/OPA 3.7 , NEMO-consortium (2014)
101	!! $Id$
102	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
103	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
104	CONTAINS
105
106	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
107	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
108	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
109	!!
110	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
111	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
112	!!
113	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
114	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
115	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
116	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
117	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
118	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
119	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
120	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
121	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
122	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
123	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
124	!!
125	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
126	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
127	!!
128	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
129	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
130	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
131	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
132	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
133	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
134	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
135	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
136	!!
137	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
138	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
139	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
140	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
141	!
142	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
143	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
144	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
145	INTEGER :: ios ! Local integer output status for namelist read
146	!
147	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
148	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
149	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
150	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
151	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_tdif ! " "
152	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, &
153	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
154	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
155	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt, rn_zu
156	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
157	!
158	! ! ====================== !
159	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
160	! ! ====================== !
161	!
162	REWIND( numnam_ref ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in reference namelist : CORE bulk parameters
163	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
164	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in reference namelist', lwp )
165	!
166	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in configuration namelist : CORE bulk parameters
167	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
168	902 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in configuration namelist', lwp )
169
170	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_core )
171	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
172	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
173	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
174	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
175	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
176	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
177	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
178	ENDIF
179	! ! store namelist information in an array
180	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
181	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
182	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
183	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
184	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
185	!
186	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
187
188
189
190	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
191	!
192	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
193	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
194	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
195	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
196	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
197	END DO
198	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
199
200	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
201	!
202	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
203	!
204	ENDIF
205
206	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
207
208	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
209	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
210
211	#if defined key_cice
212	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
213	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
214	qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
215	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
216	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
217	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
218	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
219	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
220	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
221	ENDIF
222	#endif
223	!
224	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
225
226
227	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
228	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
229	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
230	!!
231	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
232	!! the ocean surface at each time step
233	!!
234	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
235	!! fields read in sbc_read
236	!!
237	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
238	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
239	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
240	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
241	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
242	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
243	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
244	!!
245	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
246	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
247	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
248	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
249	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
250	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
251	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
252	!
253	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
254	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqlw, zqsb ! long wave and sensible heat fluxes
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqla, zevap ! latent heat fluxes and evaporation
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
265	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
266	REAL(wp) :: ztheta ! local variable, wind direction,V.Alari 27.06.2016
267
268	!
269	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
270	!
271	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
272	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
273	!
274	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
275	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
276
277	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
278
279	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
280	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
281	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
282
283	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
284	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
285	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
286	#if defined key_cyclone
287	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
288	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
289	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
290	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
291	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
292	END DO
293	END DO
294	#endif
295	! Start 27.06.2016 (V.Alari)
296	! Wind vector at T points
297	IF ( ln_cdgw ) THEN
298	! Use neutral 10-m wind speed from wave model if available
299	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
300	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
301	! Local wind direction from non-neutral 10-m wind vector
302	! (relative to grid and no current)
303	! since we do not have the directional information from the wave
304	! model
305	ztheta = ATAN2(sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1),sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1))
306	! Wind vector magnitude from 10-m neutral wind speed from wave
307	! model
308	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = wspd_wavepar(ji,jj) * SIN(ztheta)
309	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = wspd_wavepar(ji,jj) * COS(ztheta)
310	! Correct for surface current, 0.0 <= rn_rrelwind <= 1.0
311	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = (zwnd_i(ji,jj) - 0.5rn_vfac(pu(ji-1,jj )+pu(ji,jj)))
312	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = (zwnd_j(ji,jj) - 0.5rn_vfac(pv(ji ,jj-1)+pv(ji,jj)))
313	END DO
314	END DO
315	ELSE ! If no neutral wind from wave model
316	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
317	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
318	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
319	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
320	END DO
321	END DO
322	ENDIF ! End (V.Alari)
323
324	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
325	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
326	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
327	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
328	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
329
330	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
331	! I Radiative FLUXES !
332	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
333
334	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
335	zztmp = 1. - albo
336	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
337	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
338	ENDIF
339
340	zqlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
341	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
342	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
343	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
344
345	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
346	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
347
348	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
349	CALL turb_core_2z( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, sf(jp_tair)%fnow, zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
350	& Cd, Ch, Ce, zt_zu, zq_zu )
351
352	! ... tau module, i and j component
353	! Start 27.06.2016 (V.Alari)
354	IF ( ln_cdgw ) THEN
355	DO jj = 1, jpj
356	DO ji = 1, jpi
357	!zztmp = rhoa * wspd_wavepar(ji,jj) * Cd_n10(ji,jj)
358	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * cdn_wave(ji,jj)
359	!taum(ji,jj) = tauoc_wavepar(ji,jj)
360	!taum(ji,jj) = zztmp * wspd_wavepar(ji,jj)
361	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
362	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
363	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
364	ENDDO
365	ENDDO
366	ELSE
367	DO jj = 1, jpj
368	DO ji = 1, jpi
369	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
370	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
371	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
372	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
373	END DO
374	END DO
375	ENDIF ! End, (V.Alari)
376	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
377	IF( lhftau ) THEN
378	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
379	ENDIF
380	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
381
382	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
383	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
384	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
385	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
386	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
387	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
388	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
389	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
390	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
391	END DO
392	END DO
393	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
394	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
395
396	! START: 27.06.2015 (V. Alari). Added tauoc
397
398	IF (ln_tauoc) THEN
399	utau(:,:) = utau(:,:)*tauoc_wavepar(:,:)
400	vtau(:,:) = vtau(:,:)*tauoc_wavepar(:,:)
401	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:)*tauoc_wavepar(:,:)
402	ENDIF
403
404	! END (V.Alari)
405	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
406	! -----------------------------
407	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
408	!! q_air and t_air are (or "are almost") given at 10m (wind reference height)
409	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
410	zqsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
411	ELSE
412	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
413	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
414	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
415	zqsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
416	ENDIF
417	zqla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
418
419	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
420	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
421	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
422	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
423	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
424	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
425	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
426	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
427	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
428	ENDIF
429
430	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
431	! III Total FLUXES !
432	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
433	!
434	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
435	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
436	!
437	qns(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
438	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
439	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
440	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
441	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
442	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
443	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
444	!
445	#if defined key_lim3
446	qns_oce(:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by LIM3)
447	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
448	#endif
449	!
450	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
451	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
452	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
453	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
454	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-zqlw+zqsb+zqla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
455	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
456	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
457	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
458	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
459	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
460	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow
461	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
462	ENDIF
463	!
464	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
465	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ')
466	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
467	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
468	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
469	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
470	ENDIF
471	!
472	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zqlw, zqsb, zqla, zevap )
473	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
474	!
475	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
476	!
477	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
478
479
480	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
481	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
482	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
483	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau *
484	!!
485	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
486	!!
487	!! ** Method : compute momentum using CORE bulk
488	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
489	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
490	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
491	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
492	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2
493	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
494	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
495	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
496	!
497	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_tau')
498	!
499	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
500	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
501	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
502
503	!!gm brutal....
504	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
505	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
506	wndm_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
507	!!gm end
508
509	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
510	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
511	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
512	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
513	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
514	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
515	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
516	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
517	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
518	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
519	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj)
520	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
521	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj)
522	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
523	! ... ice stress at I-point
524	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
525	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
526	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
527	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( u_ice(ji,jj+1) + u_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
528	& + u_ice(ji,jj ) + u_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
529	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( v_ice(ji,jj+1) + v_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
530	& + v_ice(ji,jj ) + v_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
531	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
532	END DO
533	END DO
534	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'I', -1. )
535	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'I', -1. )
536	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
537	!
538	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
539	DO jj = 2, jpj
540	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
541	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
542	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
543	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
544	END DO
545	END DO
546	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
547	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
548	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
549	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
550	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
551	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
552	END DO
553	END DO
554	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'U', -1. )
555	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
556	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
557	!
558	END SELECT
559
560	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
561	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
562	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: wndm_ice : ')
563	ENDIF
564
565	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_tau')
566
567	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
568
569
570	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx( ptsu, palb )
571	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
572	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx *
573	!!
574	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
575	!!
576	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
577	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
578	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
579	!!
580	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
581	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
582	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
583	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
584	!!
585	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
586	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
587	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
588	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_lsub ! temporary variable
589	!!
590	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
591	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
592	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
593	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
594	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (LIM3)
595	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
596	!
597	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_flx')
598	!
599	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
600
601	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
602	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
603	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
604	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
605
606	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
607	! ! ========================== !
608	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
609	! ! ========================== !
610	DO jj = 1 , jpj
611	DO ji = 1, jpi
612	! ----------------------------!
613	! I Radiative FLUXES !
614	! ----------------------------!
615	zst2 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
616	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
617	! Short Wave (sw)
618	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
619	! Long Wave (lw)
620	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
621	! lw sensitivity
622	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
623
624	! ----------------------------!
625	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
626	! ----------------------------!
627
628	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
629	! Sensible Heat
630	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
631	! Latent Heat
632	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) &
633	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
634	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
635	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
636	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * wndm_ice(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) )
637	ELSE
638	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
639	ENDIF
640
641	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
642	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
643
644	! ----------------------------!
645	! III Total FLUXES !
646	! ----------------------------!
647	! Downward Non Solar flux
648	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
649	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
650	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
651	END DO
652	!
653	END DO
654	!
655	END DO
656	!
657	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
658	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
659	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow precipitation
660	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
661
662	#if defined key_lim3
663	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
664
665	! --- evaporation --- !
666	z1_lsub = 1._wp / Lsub
667	evap_ice (:,:,:) = qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! sublimation
668	devap_ice(:,:,:) = dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_lsub
669	zevap (:,:) = emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ! evaporation over ocean
670
671	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
672	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
673	CALL lim_thd_snwblow( pfrld, zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
674	emp_oce(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
675	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
676	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
677
678	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
679	qemp_oce(:,:) = - pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
680	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
681	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
682	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
683	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
684	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
685
686	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
687	qns_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
688	qsr_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
689
690	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
691	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhosn * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
692
693	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
694	#endif
695
696	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
697	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
698	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
699	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
700	!
701	fr1_i0(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice )
702	fr2_i0(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice )
703	!
704	!
705	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
706	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
707	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
708	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
709	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
710	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
711	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
712	ENDIF
713
714	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
715	!
716	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_flx')
717
718	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx
719	#endif
720
721	SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z( zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, &
722	& Cd, Ch, Ce , T_zu, q_zu )
723	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
724	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
725	!!
726	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
727	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004) and Large & Yeager (2008)
728	!! If relevant (zt /= zu), adjust temperature and humidity from height zt to zu
729	!!
730	!! ** Method : Monin Obukhov Similarity Theory
731	!! + Large & Yeager (2004,2008) closure: CD_n10 = f(U_n10)
732	!!
733	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
734	!!
735	!! ** Last update: Laurent Brodeau, June 2014:
736	!! - handles both cases zt=zu and zt/=zu
737	!! - optimized: less 2D arrays allocated and less operations
738	!! - better first guess of stability by checking air-sea difference of virtual temperature
739	!! rather than temperature difference only...
740	!! - added function "cd_neutral_10m" that uses the improved parametrization of
741	!! Large & Yeager 2008. Drag-coefficient reduction for Cyclone conditions!
742	!! - using code-wide physical constants defined into "phycst.mod" rather than redifining them
743	!! => 'vkarmn' and 'grav'
744	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
745	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
746	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
747	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
748	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
749	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
750	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
751	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module at zu [m/s]
752	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
753	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
754	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
755	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
756	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
757	!
758	INTEGER :: j_itt
759	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
760	LOGICAL :: l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE. ! if q and t are given at different height than U
761	!
762	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_zu ! relative wind at zu [m/s]
763	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
764	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
765	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
766	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
767	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
768	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
769	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u
770	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2
771	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
772	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
773
774	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('turb_core_2z')
775
776	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
777	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
778	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
779
780	l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE.
781	IF( ABS(zu - zt) < 0.01 ) l_zt_equal_zu = .TRUE. ! testing "zu == zt" is risky with double precision
782
783	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
784
785	U_zu = MAX( 0.5 , dU ) ! relative wind speed at zu (normally 10m), we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
786
787	!! First guess of stability:
788	ztmp0 = T_zt(1. + 0.608q_zt) - sst(1. + 0.608q_sat) ! air-sea difference of virtual pot. temp. at zt
789	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,ztmp0) ! stab = 1 if dTv > 0 => STABLE, 0 if unstable
790
791	!! Neutral coefficients at 10m:
792	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! wave drag case
793	cdn_wave(:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:) + rsmall * ( 1._wp - tmask(:,:,1) )
794	ztmp0 (:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:)
795	ELSE
796	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m( U_zu )
797	ENDIF
798	sqrt_Cd_n10 = SQRT( ztmp0 )
799	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
800	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab))
801
802	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
803	Cd = ztmp0 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt_Cd_n10
804
805	!! Initializing values at z_u with z_t values:
806	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
807
808	!! * Now starting iteration loop
809	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
810	!
811	ztmp1 = T_zu - sst ! Updating air/sea differences
812	ztmp2 = q_zu - q_sat
813
814	! Updating turbulent scales : (L&Y 2004 eq. (7))
815	ztmp1 = Ch/sqrt_Cdztmp1 ! theta
816	ztmp2 = Ce/sqrt_Cdztmp2 ! q
817
818	ztmp0 = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! virtual potential temperature at zu
819
820	! Estimate the inverse of Monin-Obukov length (1/L) at height zu:
821	ztmp0 = (vkarmngrav/ztmp0(ztmp1(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuztmp2)) / (CdU_zuU_zu)
822	! ( CdU_zuU_zu is U*^2 at zu)
823
824	!! Stability parameters :
825	zeta_u = zu*ztmp0 ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
826	zpsi_h_u = psi_h( zeta_u )
827	zpsi_m_u = psi_m( zeta_u )
828
829	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu (L&Y 2004 eq. (9b-9c))
830	IF ( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) THEN
831	zeta_t = zt*ztmp0 ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
832	stab = LOG(zu/zt) - zpsi_h_u + psi_h(zeta_t) ! stab just used as temp array!!!
833	T_zu = T_zt + ztmp1/vkarmnstab ! ztmp1 is still theta
834	q_zu = q_zt + ztmp2/vkarmnstab ! ztmp2 is still q
835	q_zu = max(0., q_zu)
836	END IF
837
838	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! surface wave case
839	sqrt_Cd = vkarmn / ( vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10 - zpsi_m_u )
840	Cd = sqrt_Cd * sqrt_Cd
841	ELSE
842	! Update neutral wind speed at 10m and neutral Cd at 10m (L&Y 2004 eq. 9a)...
843	! In very rare low-wind conditions, the old way of estimating the
844	! neutral wind speed at 10m leads to a negative value that causes the code
845	! to crash. To prevent this a threshold of 0.25m/s is imposed.
846	ztmp0 = MAX( 0.25 , U_zu/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u)) ) ! U_n10
847	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m(ztmp0) ! Cd_n10
848	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(ztmp0)
849
850	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6b)
851	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u) ! update stability
852	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab)) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6c-6d)
853
854	!! Update of transfer coefficients:
855	ztmp1 = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10a)
856	Cd = ztmp0 / ( ztmp1*ztmp1 )
857	sqrt_Cd = SQRT( Cd )
858	ENDIF
859	!
860	ztmp0 = (LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_h_u) / vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10
861	ztmp2 = sqrt_Cd / sqrt_Cd_n10
862	ztmp1 = 1. + Ch_n10*ztmp0
863	Ch = Ch_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10b)
864	!
865	ztmp1 = 1. + Ce_n10*ztmp0
866	Ce = Ce_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10c)
867	!
868	END DO
869
870	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
871	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
872	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
873
874	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
875
876	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('turb_core_2z')
877	!
878	END SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z
879
880
881	FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m( zw10 )
882	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
883	!! Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m as a function
884	!! of neutral wind speed at 10m
885	!!
886	!! Origin: Large & Yeager 2008 eq.(11a) and eq.(11b)
887	!!
888	!! Author: L. Brodeau, june 2014
889	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
890	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zw10 ! scalar wind speed at 10m (m/s)
891	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: cd_neutral_10m
892	!
893	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: rgt33
894	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
895	!
896	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33 )
897	!
898	!! When wind speed > 33 m/s => Cyclone conditions => special treatment
899	rgt33 = 0.5_wp + SIGN( 0.5_wp, (zw10 - 33._wp) ) ! If zw10 < 33. => 0, else => 1
900	cd_neutral_10m = 1.e-3 * ( &
901	& (1._wp - rgt33)( 2.7_wp/zw10 + 0.142_wp + zw10/13.09_wp - 3.14807E-10zw10**6) & ! zw10< 33.
902	& + rgt33 * 2.34 ) ! zw10 >= 33.
903	!
904	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33)
905	!
906	END FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m
907
908
909	FUNCTION psi_m(pta) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
910	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
911	! universal profile stability function for momentum
912	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
913	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
914	!
915	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
916	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
917	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
918	!
919	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
920	!
921	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
922	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
923	psi_m = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
924	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG((1. + X)0.5) + LOG((1. + X2)0.5) - 2.ATAN(X) + rpi0.5) ! Unstable
925	!
926	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
927	!
928	END FUNCTION psi_m
929
930
931	FUNCTION psi_h( pta ) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
932	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
933	! universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
934	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
935	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
936	!
937	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
938	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
939	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
940	!
941	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
942	!
943	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
944	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
945	psi_h = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
946	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG( (1. + X2)*0.5 )) ! Unstable
947	!
948	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
949	!
950	END FUNCTION psi_h
951
952	!!======================================================================
953	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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