| 1 | MODULE flxblk |
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| 2 | !!====================================================================== |
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| 3 | !! *** MODULE flxblk *** |
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| 4 | !! Ocean forcing: bulk thermohaline forcing of the ocean (or ice) |
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| 5 | !!===================================================================== |
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| 6 | #if defined key_flx_bulk_monthly || defined key_flx_bulk_daily |
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| 7 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 8 | !! 'key_flx_bulk_monthly' or MONTHLY bulk |
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| 9 | !! 'key_flx_bulk_daily' DAILY bulk |
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| 10 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 11 | !! flx_blk : thermohaline fluxes from bulk |
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| 12 | !! flx_blk_declin : solar declinaison |
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| 13 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 14 | !! * Modules used |
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| 15 | USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers |
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| 16 | USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain |
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| 17 | USE cpl_oce ! ??? |
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| 18 | USE phycst ! physical constants |
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| 19 | USE daymod |
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| 20 | USE blk_oce ! bulk variables |
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| 21 | USE flx_oce ! forcings variables |
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| 22 | USE ocfzpt ! ??? |
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| 23 | USE in_out_manager |
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| 24 | USE lbclnk |
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| 25 | USE albedo |
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| 26 | USE prtctl ! Print control |
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| 27 | |
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| 28 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 29 | PRIVATE |
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| 30 | |
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| 31 | !! * Accessibility |
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| 32 | PUBLIC flx_blk ! routine called by flx.F90 |
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| 33 | |
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| 34 | !! * Module variables |
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| 35 | INTEGER, PARAMETER :: & |
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| 36 | jpintsr = 24 ! number of time step between sunrise and sunset |
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| 37 | ! ! uses for heat flux computation |
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| 38 | LOGICAL :: & |
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| 39 | lbulk_init = .TRUE. ! flag, bulk initialization done or not) |
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| 40 | |
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| 41 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: & |
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| 42 | stauc , & ! cloud optical depth |
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| 43 | sbudyko |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | !! * constants for bulk computation (flx_blk) |
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| 46 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(19) :: & |
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| 47 | budyko ! BUDYKO's coefficient |
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| 48 | ! BUDYKO's coefficient (cloudiness effect on LW radiation): |
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| 49 | DATA budyko / 1.00, 0.98, 0.95, 0.92, 0.89, 0.86, 0.83, 0.80, 0.78, 0.75, & |
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| 50 | & 0.72, 0.69, 0.67, 0.64, 0.61, 0.58, 0.56, 0.53, 0.50 / |
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| 51 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(20) :: & |
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| 52 | tauco ! cloud optical depth coefficient |
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| 53 | ! Cloud optical depth coefficient |
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| 54 | DATA tauco / 6.6, 6.6, 7.0, 7.2, 7.1, 6.8, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.6, & |
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| 55 | & 6.6, 6.1, 5.6, 5.5, 5.8, 5.8, 5.6, 5.6, 5.6, 5.6 / |
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| 56 | REAL(wp) :: & ! constant values |
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| 57 | zeps = 1.e-20 , & |
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| 58 | zeps0 = 1.e-13 , & |
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| 59 | zeps1 = 1.e-06 , & |
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| 60 | zzero = 0.e0 , & |
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| 61 | zone = 1.0 |
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| 62 | |
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| 63 | !! * constants for solar declinaison computation (flx_blk_declin) |
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| 64 | REAL(wp) :: & |
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| 65 | a0 = 0.39507671 , & ! coefficients |
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| 66 | a1 = 22.85684301 , & |
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| 67 | a2 = -0.38637317 , & |
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| 68 | a3 = 0.15096535 , & |
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| 69 | a4 = -0.00961411 , & |
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| 70 | b1 = -4.29692073 , & |
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| 71 | b2 = 0.05702074 , & |
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| 72 | b3 = -0.09028607 , & |
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| 73 | b4 = 0.00592797 |
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| 74 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 75 | !! OPA 9.0 , LOCEAN-IPSL (2005) |
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| 76 | !! $Header$ |
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| 77 | !! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see modipsl/doc/NEMO_CeCILL.txt |
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| 78 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | CONTAINS |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | SUBROUTINE flx_blk( psst ) |
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| 83 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 84 | !! *** ROUTINE flx_blk *** |
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| 85 | !! |
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| 86 | !! ** Purpose : Computation of the heat fluxes at ocean and snow/ice |
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| 87 | !! surface the solar heat at ocean and snow/ice surfaces and the |
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| 88 | !! sensitivity of total heat fluxes to the SST variations |
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| 89 | !! |
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| 90 | !! ** Method : The flux of heat at the ice and ocean surfaces are derived |
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| 91 | !! from semi-empirical ( or bulk ) formulae which relate the flux to |
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| 92 | !! the properties of the surface and of the lower atmosphere. Here, we |
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| 93 | !! follow the work of Oberhuber, 1988 |
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| 94 | !! |
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| 95 | !! ** Action : call flx_blk_albedo to compute ocean and ice albedo |
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| 96 | !! computation of snow precipitation |
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| 97 | !! computation of solar flux at the ocean and ice surfaces |
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| 98 | !! computation of the long-wave radiation for the ocean and sea/ice |
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| 99 | !! computation of turbulent heat fluxes over water and ice |
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| 100 | !! computation of evaporation over water |
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| 101 | !! computation of total heat fluxes sensitivity over ice (dQ/dT) |
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| 102 | !! computation of latent heat flux sensitivity over ice (dQla/dT) |
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| 103 | !! |
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| 104 | !! History : |
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| 105 | !! 8.0 ! 97-06 (Louvain-La-Neuve) Original code |
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| 106 | !! 8.5 ! 02-09 (C. Ethe , G. Madec ) F90: Free form and module |
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| 107 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 108 | !! * Arguments |
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| 109 | REAL(wp), INTENT( in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: & |
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| 110 | & psst ! Sea Surface Temperature |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | !! * Local variables |
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| 113 | INTEGER :: & |
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| 114 | ji, jj, jt , & ! dummy loop indices |
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| 115 | indaet , & ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
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| 116 | iday , & ! integer part of day |
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| 117 | indxb , & ! index for budyko coefficient |
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| 118 | indxc ! index for cloud depth coefficient |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | REAL(wp) :: & |
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| 121 | zalat , zclat , & ! latitude in degrees |
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| 122 | zmt1, zmt2, zmt3 , & ! tempory air temperatures variables |
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| 123 | ztatm3, ztatm4 , & ! power 3 and 4 of air temperature |
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| 124 | z4tatm3 , & ! 4 * ztatm3 |
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| 125 | zcmue , & ! cosine of local solar altitude |
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| 126 | zcmue2 , & ! root of zcmue1 |
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| 127 | zscmue , & ! square-root of zcmue1 |
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| 128 | zpcmue , & ! zcmue1**1.4 |
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| 129 | zdecl , & ! solar declination |
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| 130 | zsdecl , zcdecl , & ! sine and cosine of solar declination |
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| 131 | zalbo , & ! albedo of sea-water |
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| 132 | zalbi , & ! albedo of ice |
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| 133 | ztamr , & ! air temperature minus triple point of water (rtt) |
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| 134 | ztaevbk , & ! part of net longwave radiation |
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| 135 | zevi , zevo , & ! vapour pressure of ice and ocean |
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| 136 | zind1,zind2,zind3 , & ! switch for testing the values of air temperature |
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| 137 | zinda , & ! switch for testing the values of sea ice cover |
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| 138 | zpis2 , & ! pi / 2 |
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| 139 | z2pi ! 2 * pi |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | REAL(wp) :: & |
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| 142 | zxday , & ! day of year |
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| 143 | zdist , & ! distance between the sun and the earth during the year |
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| 144 | zdaycor , & ! corr. factor to take into account the variation of |
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| 145 | ! ! zday when calc. the solar rad. |
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| 146 | zesi, zeso , & ! vapour pressure of ice and ocean at saturation |
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| 147 | zesi2 , & ! root of zesi |
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| 148 | zqsato , & ! humidity close to the ocean surface (at saturation) |
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| 149 | zqsati , & ! humidity close to the ice surface (at saturation) |
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| 150 | zqsati2 , & ! root of zqsati |
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| 151 | zdesidt , & ! derivative of zesi, function of ice temperature |
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| 152 | zdteta , & ! diff. betw. sst and air temperature |
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| 153 | zdeltaq , & ! diff. betw. spec. hum. and hum. close to the surface |
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| 154 | ztvmoy, zobouks , & ! tempory scalars |
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| 155 | zpsims, zpsihs, zpsils, zobouku, zxins, zpsimu , & |
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| 156 | zpsihu, zpsilu, zstab,zpsim, zpsih, zpsil , & |
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| 157 | zvatmg, zcmn, zchn, zcln, zcmcmn, zdenum , & |
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| 158 | zdtetar, ztvmoyr, zlxins, zcmn2, zchcm, zclcm , zcoef |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | REAL(wp) :: & |
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| 161 | zrhova , & ! air density per wind speed |
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| 162 | zcsho , zcleo , & ! transfer coefficient over ocean |
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| 163 | zcshi , zclei , & ! transfer coefficient over ice-free |
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| 164 | zrhovacleo , & ! air density per wind speed per transfer coef. |
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| 165 | zrhovacsho, zrhovaclei, zrhovacshi, & |
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| 166 | ztice3 , & ! power 3 of ice temperature |
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| 167 | zticemb, zticemb2 , & ! tempory air temperatures variables |
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| 168 | zdqlw_ice , & ! sensitivity of long-wave flux over ice |
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| 169 | zdqsb_ice , & ! sensitivity of sensible heat flux over ice |
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| 170 | zdqla_ice , & ! sensitivity of latent heat flux over ice |
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| 171 | zdl, zdr ! fractionnal part of latitude |
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| 172 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: & |
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| 173 | zpatm , & ! atmospheric pressure |
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| 174 | zqatm , & ! specific humidity |
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| 175 | zes , & ! vapour pressure at saturation |
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| 176 | zev, zevsqr , & ! vapour pressure and his square-root |
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| 177 | zrhoa , & ! air density |
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| 178 | ztatm , & ! air temperature in Kelvins |
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| 179 | zfrld , & ! fraction of sea ice cover |
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| 180 | zcatm1 , & ! fraction of cloud |
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| 181 | zcldeff ! correction factor to account cloud effect |
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| 182 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: & |
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| 183 | zalbocsd , & ! albedo of ocean |
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| 184 | zalboos , & ! albedo of ocean under overcast sky |
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| 185 | zalbics , & ! albedo of ice under clear sky |
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| 186 | zalbios , & ! albedo of ice under overcast sky |
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| 187 | zalbomu , & ! albedo of ocean when zcmue is 0.4 |
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| 188 | zqsro , & ! solar radiation over ocean |
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| 189 | zqsrics , & ! solar radiation over ice under clear sky |
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| 190 | zqsrios , & ! solar radiation over ice under overcast sky |
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| 191 | zcldcor , & ! cloud correction |
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| 192 | zlsrise, zlsset , & ! sunrise and sunset |
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| 193 | zlmunoon , & ! local noon solar altitude |
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| 194 | zdlha , & ! length of the ninstr segments of the solar day |
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| 195 | zps , & ! sine of latitude per sine of solar decli. |
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| 196 | zpc ! cosine of latitude per cosine of solar decli. |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: & |
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| 199 | zqlw_oce , & ! long-wave heat flux over ocean |
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| 200 | zqlw_ice , & ! long-wave heat flux over ice |
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| 201 | zqla_oce , & ! latent heat flux over ocean |
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| 202 | zqla_ice , & ! latent heat flux over ice |
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| 203 | zqsb_oce , & ! sensible heat flux over ocean |
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| 204 | zqsb_ice ! sensible heat flux over ice |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,jpintsr) :: & |
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| 207 | zlha , & ! local hour angle |
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| 208 | zalbocs , & ! tempory var. of ocean albedo under clear sky |
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| 209 | zsqsro , & ! tempory var. of solar rad. over ocean |
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| 210 | zsqsrics , & ! temp. var. of solar rad. over ice under clear sky |
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| 211 | zsqsrios ! temp. var. of solar rad. over ice under overcast sky |
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| 212 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | !--------------------- |
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| 215 | ! Initilization ! |
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| 216 | !--------------------- |
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| 217 | #if ! defined key_ice_lim |
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| 218 | tn_ice(:,:) = psst(:,:) |
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| 219 | #endif |
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| 220 | |
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| 221 | ! Determine cloud optical depths as a function of latitude (Chou et al., 1981). |
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| 222 | ! and the correction factor for taking into account the effect of clouds |
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| 223 | !------------------------------------------------------ |
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| 224 | IF( lbulk_init ) THEN |
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| 225 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
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| 226 | DO ji = 1 , jpi |
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| 227 | zalat = ( 90.e0 - ABS( gphit(ji,jj) ) ) / 5.e0 |
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| 228 | zclat = ( 95.e0 - gphit(ji,jj) ) / 10.e0 |
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| 229 | indxb = 1 + INT( zalat ) |
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| 230 | ! correction factor to account for the effect of clouds |
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| 231 | sbudyko(ji,jj) = budyko(indxb) |
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| 232 | indxc = 1 + INT( zclat ) |
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| 233 | zdl = zclat - INT( zclat ) |
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| 234 | zdr = 1.0 - zdl |
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| 235 | stauc(ji,jj) = zdr * tauco( indxc ) + zdl * tauco( indxc + 1 ) |
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| 236 | END DO |
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| 237 | END DO |
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| 238 | IF( nleapy == 1 ) THEN |
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| 239 | yearday = 366.e0 |
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| 240 | ELSE IF( nleapy == 0 ) THEN |
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| 241 | yearday = 365.e0 |
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| 242 | ELSEIF( nleapy == 30) THEN |
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| 243 | yearday = 360.e0 |
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| 244 | ENDIF |
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| 245 | lbulk_init = .FALSE. |
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| 246 | ENDIF |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | zqlw_oce(:,:) = 0.e0 |
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| 249 | zqla_oce(:,:) = 0.e0 |
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| 250 | zqsb_oce(:,:) = 0.e0 |
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| 251 | zqlw_ice(:,:) = 0.e0 |
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| 252 | zqla_ice(:,:) = 0.e0 |
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| 253 | zqsb_ice(:,:) = 0.e0 |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | zpis2 = rpi / 2. |
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| 256 | z2pi = 2. * rpi |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 259 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
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| 260 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 261 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | ztatm (ji,jj) = 273.15 + tatm (ji,jj) ! air temperature in Kelvins |
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| 264 | zcatm1(ji,jj) = 1.0 - catm (ji,jj) ! fractional cloud cover |
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| 265 | zfrld (ji,jj) = 1.0 - freeze(ji,jj) ! fractional sea ice cover |
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| 266 | zpatm(ji,jj) = 101000. ! pressure |
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| 267 | |
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| 268 | ! Computation of air density, obtained from the equation of state for dry air. |
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| 269 | zrhoa(ji,jj) = zpatm(ji,jj) / ( 287.04 * ztatm(ji,jj) ) |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | ! zes : Saturation water vapour |
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| 272 | ztamr = ztatm(ji,jj) - rtt |
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| 273 | zmt1 = SIGN( 17.269, ztamr ) |
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| 274 | zmt2 = SIGN( 21.875, ztamr ) |
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| 275 | zmt3 = SIGN( 28.200, -ztamr ) |
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| 276 | zes(ji,jj) = 611.0 * EXP ( ABS( ztamr ) * MIN ( zmt1, zmt2 ) & |
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| 277 | & / ( ztatm(ji,jj) - 35.86 + MAX( zzero, zmt3 ) ) ) |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | ! zev : vapour pressure (hatm is relative humidity) |
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| 280 | zev(ji,jj) = hatm(ji,jj) * zes(ji,jj) |
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| 281 | ! square-root of vapour pressure |
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| 282 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 283 | zevsqr(ji,jj) = SQRT( zev(ji,jj) * 0.01 ) |
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| 284 | ! zqapb : specific humidity |
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| 285 | zqatm(ji,jj) = 0.622 * zev(ji,jj) / ( zpatm(ji,jj) - 0.378 * zev(ji,jj) ) |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | !---------------------------------------------------- |
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| 289 | ! Computation of snow precipitation (Ledley, 1985) | |
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| 290 | !---------------------------------------------------- |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | zmt1 = 253.0 - ztatm(ji,jj) |
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| 293 | zmt2 = ( 272.0 - ztatm(ji,jj) ) / 38.0 |
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| 294 | zmt3 = ( 281.0 - ztatm(ji,jj) ) / 18.0 |
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| 295 | zind1 = MAX( zzero, SIGN( zone, zmt1 ) ) |
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| 296 | zind2 = MAX( zzero, SIGN( zone, zmt2 ) ) |
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| 297 | zind3 = MAX( zzero, SIGN( zone, zmt3 ) ) |
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| 298 | ! total precipitation |
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| 299 | tprecip(ji,jj) = watm(ji,jj) |
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| 300 | ! solid (snow) precipitation |
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| 301 | sprecip(ji,jj) = tprecip(ji,jj) * & |
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| 302 | & ( zind1 & |
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| 303 | & + ( 1.0 - zind1 ) * ( zind2 * ( 0.5 + zmt2 ) + ( 1.0 - zind2 ) * zind3 * zmt3 ) ) |
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| 304 | END DO |
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| 305 | END DO |
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| 306 | |
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| 307 | !---------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 308 | ! Computation of albedo (need to calculates heat fluxes)| |
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| 309 | !----------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 310 | |
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| 311 | CALL flx_blk_albedo( zalbios, zalboos, zalbics, zalbomu ) |
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| 312 | |
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| 313 | !------------------------------------- |
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| 314 | ! Computation of solar irradiance. | |
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| 315 | !---------------------------------------- |
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| 316 | indaet = 1 |
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| 317 | ! compution of the day of the year at which the fluxes have to be calculate |
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| 318 | !--The date corresponds to the middle of the time step. |
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| 319 | zxday=nday_year + rdtbs2/rday |
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| 320 | |
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| 321 | iday = INT( zxday ) |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | IF(ln_ctl) CALL prt_ctl_info('declin : iday ', ivar1=iday, clinfo2=' nfbulk= ', ivar2=nfbulk) |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | ! computation of the solar declination, his sine and his cosine |
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| 326 | CALL flx_blk_declin( indaet, iday, zdecl ) |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | zdecl = zdecl * rad |
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| 329 | zsdecl = SIN( zdecl ) |
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| 330 | zcdecl = COS( zdecl ) |
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| 331 | |
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| 332 | ! correction factor added for computation of shortwave flux to take into account the variation of |
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| 333 | ! the distance between the sun and the earth during the year (Oberhuber 1988) |
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| 334 | zdist = zxday * z2pi / yearday |
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| 335 | zdaycor = 1.0 + 0.0013 * SIN( zdist ) + 0.0342 * COS( zdist ) |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 338 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
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| 339 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 340 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
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| 341 | ! product of sine of latitude and sine of solar declination |
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| 342 | zps (ji,jj) = SIN( gphit(ji,jj) * rad ) * zsdecl |
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| 343 | ! product of cosine of latitude and cosine of solar declination |
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| 344 | zpc (ji,jj) = COS( gphit(ji,jj) * rad ) * zcdecl |
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| 345 | ! computation of the both local time of sunrise and sunset |
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| 346 | zlsrise (ji,jj) = ACOS( - SIGN( zone, zps(ji,jj) ) * MIN( zone, SIGN( zone, zps(ji,jj) ) & |
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| 347 | & * ( zps(ji,jj) / zpc(ji,jj) ) ) ) |
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| 348 | zlsset (ji,jj) = - zlsrise(ji,jj) |
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| 349 | ! dividing the solar day into jpintsr segments of length zdlha |
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| 350 | zdlha (ji,jj) = ( zlsrise(ji,jj) - zlsset(ji,jj) ) / REAL( jpintsr ) |
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| 351 | ! computation of the local noon solar altitude |
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| 352 | zlmunoon(ji,jj) = ASIN ( ( zps(ji,jj) + zpc(ji,jj) ) ) / rad |
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| 353 | |
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| 354 | ! cloud correction taken from Reed (1977) (imposed lower than 1) |
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| 355 | zcldcor (ji,jj) = MIN( zone, ( 1.e0 - 0.62 * catm(ji,jj) + 0.0019 * zlmunoon(ji,jj) ) ) |
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| 356 | END DO |
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| 357 | END DO |
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| 358 | |
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| 359 | ! Computation of solar heat flux at each time of the day between sunrise and sunset. |
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| 360 | ! We do this to a better optimisation of the code |
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| 361 | !------------------------------------------------------ |
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| 362 | |
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| 363 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 364 | DO jt = 1, jpintsr |
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| 365 | zcoef = FLOAT( jt ) - 0.5 |
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| 366 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 367 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
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| 368 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 369 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
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| 370 | ! local hour angle |
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| 371 | zlha (ji,jj,jt) = COS ( zlsrise(ji,jj) - zcoef * zdlha(ji,jj) ) |
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| 372 | |
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| 373 | ! cosine of local solar altitude |
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| 374 | zcmue = MAX ( zzero , zps(ji,jj) + zpc(ji,jj) * zlha (ji,jj,jt) ) |
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| 375 | zcmue2 = 1368.0 * zcmue * zcmue |
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| 376 | zscmue = SQRT ( zcmue ) |
|---|
| 377 | zpcmue = zcmue**1.4 |
|---|
| 378 | ! computation of sea-water albedo (Payne, 1972) |
|---|
| 379 | zalbocs(ji,jj,jt) = 0.05 / ( 1.1 * zpcmue + 0.15 ) |
|---|
| 380 | zalbo = zcatm1(ji,jj) * zalbocs(ji,jj,jt) + catm(ji,jj) * zalboos(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 381 | ! solar heat flux absorbed at ocean surfaces (Zillman, 1972) |
|---|
| 382 | zevo = zev(ji,jj) * 1.0e-05 |
|---|
| 383 | zsqsro(ji,jj,jt) = ( 1.0 - zalbo ) * zdlha(ji,jj) * zcmue2 & |
|---|
| 384 | / ( ( zcmue + 2.7 ) * zevo + 1.085 * zcmue + 0.10 ) |
|---|
| 385 | ! solar heat flux absorbed at sea/ice surfaces |
|---|
| 386 | ! Formulation of Shine and Crane, 1984 adapted for high albedo surfaces |
|---|
| 387 | |
|---|
| 388 | ! For clear sky |
|---|
| 389 | zevi = zevo |
|---|
| 390 | zalbi = zalbics(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 391 | zsqsrics(ji,jj,jt) = ( 1.0 - zalbi ) * zdlha(ji,jj) * zcmue2 & |
|---|
| 392 | & / ( ( 1.0 + zcmue ) * zevi + 1.2 * zcmue + 0.0455 ) |
|---|
| 393 | |
|---|
| 394 | ! For overcast sky |
|---|
| 395 | zalbi = zalbios(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 396 | zsqsrios(ji,jj,jt) = zdlha(ji,jj) * & |
|---|
| 397 | & ( ( 53.5 + 1274.5 * zcmue ) * zscmue * ( 1.0 - 0.996 * zalbi ) ) & |
|---|
| 398 | & / ( 1.0 + 0.139 * stauc(ji,jj) * ( 1.0 - 0.9435 * zalbi ) ) |
|---|
| 399 | END DO |
|---|
| 400 | END DO |
|---|
| 401 | END DO |
|---|
| 402 | |
|---|
| 403 | |
|---|
| 404 | ! Computation of daily (between sunrise and sunset) solar heat flux absorbed |
|---|
| 405 | ! at the ocean and snow/ice surfaces. |
|---|
| 406 | !-------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 407 | |
|---|
| 408 | zalbocsd(:,:) = 0.e0 |
|---|
| 409 | zqsro (:,:) = 0.e0 |
|---|
| 410 | zqsrics (:,:) = 0.e0 |
|---|
| 411 | zqsrios (:,:) = 0.e0 |
|---|
| 412 | |
|---|
| 413 | DO jt = 1, jpintsr |
|---|
| 414 | # if defined key_vectopt_loop && ! defined key_mpp_omp |
|---|
| 415 | DO ji = 1, jpij |
|---|
| 416 | zalbocsd(ji,1) = zalbocsd(ji,1) + zdlha (ji,1) * zalbocs(ji,1,jt) & |
|---|
| 417 | & / MAX( 2.0 * zlsrise(ji,1) , zeps0 ) |
|---|
| 418 | zqsro (ji,1) = zqsro (ji,1) + zsqsro (ji,1,jt) |
|---|
| 419 | zqsrics (ji,1) = zqsrics (ji,1) + zsqsrics(ji,1,jt) |
|---|
| 420 | zqsrios (ji,1) = zqsrios (ji,1) + zsqsrios(ji,1,jt) |
|---|
| 421 | END DO |
|---|
| 422 | # else |
|---|
| 423 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 424 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 425 | zalbocsd(ji,jj) = zalbocsd(ji,jj) + zdlha(ji,jj) * zalbocs(ji,jj,jt) & |
|---|
| 426 | & / MAX( 2.0 * zlsrise(ji,jj) , zeps0 ) |
|---|
| 427 | zqsro (ji,jj) = zqsro (ji,jj) + zsqsro (ji,jj,jt) |
|---|
| 428 | zqsrics(ji,jj) = zqsrics (ji,jj) + zsqsrics(ji,jj,jt) |
|---|
| 429 | zqsrios(ji,jj) = zqsrios (ji,jj) + zsqsrios(ji,jj,jt) |
|---|
| 430 | END DO |
|---|
| 431 | END DO |
|---|
| 432 | # endif |
|---|
| 433 | END DO |
|---|
| 434 | |
|---|
| 435 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 436 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 437 | |
|---|
| 438 | !------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 439 | ! Computation of shortwave radiation. |
|---|
| 440 | !------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 441 | |
|---|
| 442 | ! the solar heat flux absorbed at ocean and snow/ice surfaces |
|---|
| 443 | !------------------------------------------------------------ |
|---|
| 444 | |
|---|
| 445 | ! For ocean |
|---|
| 446 | qsr_oce(ji,jj) = srgamma * zcldcor(ji,jj) * zqsro(ji,jj) / z2pi |
|---|
| 447 | zinda = SIGN( zone , -( -0.5 - zfrld(ji,jj) ) ) |
|---|
| 448 | zinda = 1.0 - MAX( zzero , zinda ) |
|---|
| 449 | qsr_oce(ji,jj) = ( 1.- zinda ) * qsr_oce(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 450 | |
|---|
| 451 | ! For snow/ice |
|---|
| 452 | qsr_ice(ji,jj) = ( zcatm1(ji,jj) * zqsrics(ji,jj) + catm(ji,jj) * zqsrios(ji,jj) ) / z2pi |
|---|
| 453 | |
|---|
| 454 | |
|---|
| 455 | ! Taking into account the ellipsity of the earth orbit |
|---|
| 456 | !----------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 457 | |
|---|
| 458 | qsr_ice(ji,jj) = qsr_ice(ji,jj) * zdaycor |
|---|
| 459 | qsr_oce(ji,jj) = qsr_oce(ji,jj) * zdaycor |
|---|
| 460 | |
|---|
| 461 | ! fraction of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the |
|---|
| 462 | ! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover |
|---|
| 463 | ! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Elbert anbd Curry, 1993 ) |
|---|
| 464 | !------------------------------------------------------------------ |
|---|
| 465 | |
|---|
| 466 | fr1_i0(ji,jj) = 0.18 * zcatm1(ji,jj) + 0.35 * catm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 467 | fr2_i0(ji,jj) = 0.82 * zcatm1(ji,jj) + 0.65 * catm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 468 | |
|---|
| 469 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 470 | ! Computation of long-wave radiation ( Berliand 1952 ; all latitudes ) |
|---|
| 471 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 472 | |
|---|
| 473 | ! tempory variables |
|---|
| 474 | ztatm3 = ztatm(ji,jj) * ztatm(ji,jj) * ztatm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 475 | ztatm4 = ztatm3 * ztatm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 476 | z4tatm3 = 4. * ztatm3 |
|---|
| 477 | zcldeff(ji,jj) = 1.0 - sbudyko(ji,jj) * catm(ji,jj) * catm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 478 | ztaevbk = ztatm4 * zcldeff(ji,jj) * ( 0.39 - 0.05 * zevsqr(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 479 | |
|---|
| 480 | ! Long-Wave for Ice |
|---|
| 481 | !---------------------- |
|---|
| 482 | zqlw_ice(ji,jj) = - emic * stefan * ( ztaevbk + z4tatm3 * ( tn_ice(ji,jj) - ztatm(ji,jj) ) ) |
|---|
| 483 | |
|---|
| 484 | ! Long-Wave for Ocean |
|---|
| 485 | !----------------------- |
|---|
| 486 | zqlw_oce(ji,jj) = - emic * stefan * ( ztaevbk + z4tatm3 * ( psst (ji,jj) - ztatm(ji,jj) ) ) |
|---|
| 487 | |
|---|
| 488 | END DO |
|---|
| 489 | END DO |
|---|
| 490 | |
|---|
| 491 | !---------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 492 | ! Computation of turbulent heat fluxes ( Latent and sensible ) |
|---|
| 493 | !---------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 494 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 495 | DO jj = 2 , jpjm1 |
|---|
| 496 | !ib DO jj = 1 , jpj |
|---|
| 497 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 498 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 499 | |
|---|
| 500 | ! Turbulent heat fluxes over water |
|---|
| 501 | !---------------------------------- |
|---|
| 502 | |
|---|
| 503 | ! zeso : vapour pressure at saturation of ocean |
|---|
| 504 | ! zqsato : humidity close to the ocean surface (at saturation) |
|---|
| 505 | zeso = 611.0 * EXP ( 17.2693884 * ( psst(ji,jj) - rtt ) * tmask(ji,jj,1) / ( psst(ji,jj) - 35.86 ) ) |
|---|
| 506 | zqsato = ( 0.622 * zeso ) / ( zpatm(ji,jj) - 0.378 * zeso ) |
|---|
| 507 | |
|---|
| 508 | ! Drag coefficients from Large and Pond (1981,1982) |
|---|
| 509 | !--------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 510 | |
|---|
| 511 | ! Stability parameters |
|---|
| 512 | zdteta = psst(ji,jj) - ztatm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 513 | zdeltaq = zqatm(ji,jj) - zqsato |
|---|
| 514 | ztvmoy = ztatm(ji,jj) * ( 1. + 2.2e-3 * ztatm(ji,jj) * zqatm(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 515 | zdenum = MAX( vatm(ji,jj) * vatm(ji,jj) * ztvmoy, zeps ) |
|---|
| 516 | !i |
|---|
| 517 | !i if( zdenum == 0.e0 ) then |
|---|
| 518 | !i write(numout,*) 'flxblk zdenum=0 ', ji,jj |
|---|
| 519 | !i zdenum = zeps |
|---|
| 520 | !i endif |
|---|
| 521 | !i |
|---|
| 522 | zdtetar = zdteta / zdenum |
|---|
| 523 | ztvmoyr = ztvmoy * ztvmoy * zdeltaq / zdenum |
|---|
| 524 | |
|---|
| 525 | ! For stable atmospheric conditions |
|---|
| 526 | zobouks = -70.0 * 10. * ( zdtetar + 3.2e-3 * ztvmoyr ) |
|---|
| 527 | zobouks = MAX( zzero , zobouks ) |
|---|
| 528 | zpsims = -7.0 * zobouks |
|---|
| 529 | zpsihs = zpsims |
|---|
| 530 | zpsils = zpsims |
|---|
| 531 | |
|---|
| 532 | ! For unstable atmospheric conditions |
|---|
| 533 | zobouku = -100.0 * 10.0 * ( zdtetar + 2.2e-3 * ztvmoyr ) |
|---|
| 534 | zobouku = MIN( zzero , zobouku ) |
|---|
| 535 | zxins = ( 1. - 16. * zobouku )**0.25 |
|---|
| 536 | zlxins = LOG( ( 1. + zxins * zxins ) / 2. ) |
|---|
| 537 | zpsimu = 2. * LOG( ( 1 + zxins ) / 2. ) + zlxins - 2. * ATAN( zxins ) + zpis2 |
|---|
| 538 | zpsihu = 2. * zlxins |
|---|
| 539 | zpsilu = zpsihu |
|---|
| 540 | |
|---|
| 541 | ! computation of intermediate values |
|---|
| 542 | zstab = MAX( zzero , SIGN( zone , zdteta ) ) |
|---|
| 543 | zpsim = zstab * zpsimu + (1.0 - zstab ) * zpsims |
|---|
| 544 | zpsih = zstab * zpsihu + (1.0 - zstab ) * zpsihs |
|---|
| 545 | zpsil = zpsih |
|---|
| 546 | |
|---|
| 547 | zvatmg = MAX( 0.032 * 1.5e-3 * vatm(ji,jj) * vatm(ji,jj) / grav, zeps ) |
|---|
| 548 | !i |
|---|
| 549 | !! if( zvatmg == 0.e0 ) then |
|---|
| 550 | !! write(numout,*) 'flxblk zvatmg=0 ', ji,jj |
|---|
| 551 | !! zvatmg = zeps |
|---|
| 552 | !! endif |
|---|
| 553 | !i |
|---|
| 554 | |
|---|
| 555 | zcmn = vkarmn / LOG ( 10. / zvatmg ) |
|---|
| 556 | zcmn2 = zcmn * zcmn |
|---|
| 557 | zchn = 0.0327 * zcmn |
|---|
| 558 | zcln = 0.0346 * zcmn |
|---|
| 559 | zcmcmn = 1 / ( 1 - zcmn * zpsim / vkarmn ) |
|---|
| 560 | zchcm = zcmcmn / ( 1 - zchn * zpsih / ( vkarmn * zcmn ) ) |
|---|
| 561 | zclcm = zchcm |
|---|
| 562 | |
|---|
| 563 | |
|---|
| 564 | ! Transfer cofficient zcsho and zcleo over ocean according to Large and Pond (1981,1982) |
|---|
| 565 | !-------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 566 | zcsho = zchn * zchcm |
|---|
| 567 | zcleo = zcln * zclcm |
|---|
| 568 | |
|---|
| 569 | |
|---|
| 570 | ! Computation of sensible and latent fluxes over Ocean |
|---|
| 571 | !---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 572 | |
|---|
| 573 | ! computation of intermediate values |
|---|
| 574 | zrhova = zrhoa(ji,jj) * vatm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 575 | zrhovacsho = zrhova * zcsho |
|---|
| 576 | zrhovacleo = zrhova * zcleo |
|---|
| 577 | |
|---|
| 578 | ! sensible heat flux |
|---|
| 579 | zqsb_oce(ji,jj) = zrhovacsho * 1004.0 * ( psst(ji,jj) - ztatm(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 580 | |
|---|
| 581 | ! latent heat flux |
|---|
| 582 | zqla_oce(ji,jj) = MAX(0.e0, zrhovacleo * 2.5e+06 * ( zqsato - zqatm(ji,jj) ) ) |
|---|
| 583 | |
|---|
| 584 | ! Calculate evaporation over water. (kg/m2/s) |
|---|
| 585 | !------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 586 | evap(ji,jj) = zqla_oce(ji,jj) / cevap |
|---|
| 587 | |
|---|
| 588 | |
|---|
| 589 | ! Turbulent heat fluxes over snow/ice. |
|---|
| 590 | !-------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 591 | |
|---|
| 592 | ! zesi : vapour pressure at saturation of ice |
|---|
| 593 | ! zqsati : humidity close to the ice surface (at saturation) |
|---|
| 594 | zesi = 611.0 * EXP ( 21.8745587 * tmask(ji,jj,1) & ! tmask needed to avoid overflow in the exponential |
|---|
| 595 | & * ( tn_ice(ji,jj) - rtt ) / ( tn_ice(ji,jj) - 7.66 ) ) |
|---|
| 596 | zqsati = ( 0.622 * zesi ) / ( zpatm(ji,jj) - 0.378 * zesi ) |
|---|
| 597 | |
|---|
| 598 | ! computation of intermediate values |
|---|
| 599 | zticemb = ( tn_ice(ji,jj) - 7.66 ) |
|---|
| 600 | zticemb2 = zticemb * zticemb |
|---|
| 601 | ztice3 = tn_ice(ji,jj) * tn_ice(ji,jj) * tn_ice(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 602 | zqsati2 = zqsati * zqsati |
|---|
| 603 | zesi2 = zesi * zesi |
|---|
| 604 | zdesidt = zesi * ( 9.5 * LOG( 10.0 ) * ( rtt - 7.66 ) / zticemb2 ) |
|---|
| 605 | |
|---|
| 606 | ! Transfer cofficient zcshi and zclei over ice. Assumed to be constant Parkinson 1979 ; Maykut 1982 |
|---|
| 607 | !-------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 608 | zcshi = 1.75e-03 |
|---|
| 609 | zclei = zcshi |
|---|
| 610 | |
|---|
| 611 | ! Computation of sensible and latent fluxes over ice |
|---|
| 612 | !---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 613 | |
|---|
| 614 | ! computation of intermediate values |
|---|
| 615 | zrhova = zrhoa(ji,jj) * vatm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 616 | zrhovacshi = zrhova * zcshi * 2.834e+06 |
|---|
| 617 | zrhovaclei = zrhova * zclei * 1004.0 |
|---|
| 618 | |
|---|
| 619 | ! sensible heat flux |
|---|
| 620 | zqsb_ice(ji,jj) = zrhovaclei * ( tn_ice(ji,jj) - ztatm(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 621 | |
|---|
| 622 | ! latent heat flux |
|---|
| 623 | zqla_ice(ji,jj) = zrhovacshi * ( zqsati - zqatm(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 624 | qla_ice (ji,jj) = MAX(0.e0, zqla_ice(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 625 | |
|---|
| 626 | ! Computation of sensitivity of non solar fluxes (dQ/dT) |
|---|
| 627 | !--------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 628 | |
|---|
| 629 | ! computation of long-wave, sensible and latent flux sensitivity |
|---|
| 630 | zdqlw_ice = 4.0 * emic * stefan * ztice3 |
|---|
| 631 | zdqsb_ice = zrhovaclei |
|---|
| 632 | zdqla_ice = zrhovacshi * ( zdesidt * ( zqsati2 / zesi2 ) * ( zpatm(ji,jj) / 0.622 ) ) |
|---|
| 633 | |
|---|
| 634 | ! total non solar sensitivity |
|---|
| 635 | dqns_ice(ji,jj) = -( zdqlw_ice + zdqsb_ice + zdqla_ice ) |
|---|
| 636 | |
|---|
| 637 | ! latent flux sensitivity |
|---|
| 638 | dqla_ice(ji,jj) = zdqla_ice |
|---|
| 639 | |
|---|
| 640 | END DO |
|---|
| 641 | END DO |
|---|
| 642 | |
|---|
| 643 | ! total non solar heat flux over ice |
|---|
| 644 | qnsr_ice(:,:) = zqlw_ice(:,:) - zqsb_ice(:,:) - zqla_ice(:,:) |
|---|
| 645 | ! total non solar heat flux over water |
|---|
| 646 | qnsr_oce(:,:) = zqlw_oce(:,:) - zqsb_oce(:,:) - zqla_oce(:,:) |
|---|
| 647 | |
|---|
| 648 | ! solid precipitations ( kg/m2/day -> kg/m2/s) |
|---|
| 649 | tprecip(:,:) = tprecip (:,:) / rday |
|---|
| 650 | ! snow precipitations ( kg/m2/day -> kg/m2/s) |
|---|
| 651 | sprecip(:,:) = sprecip (:,:) / rday |
|---|
| 652 | !i |
|---|
| 653 | CALL lbc_lnk( qsr_oce (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 654 | CALL lbc_lnk( qnsr_oce(:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 655 | CALL lbc_lnk( qsr_ice (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 656 | CALL lbc_lnk( qnsr_ice(:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 657 | CALL lbc_lnk( qla_ice (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 658 | CALL lbc_lnk( dqns_ice(:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 659 | CALL lbc_lnk( dqla_ice(:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 660 | CALL lbc_lnk( fr1_i0 (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 661 | CALL lbc_lnk( fr2_i0 (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 662 | CALL lbc_lnk( tprecip (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 663 | CALL lbc_lnk( sprecip (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 664 | CALL lbc_lnk( evap (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 665 | !i |
|---|
| 666 | !i |
|---|
| 667 | qsr_oce (:,:) = qsr_oce (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 668 | qnsr_oce(:,:) = qnsr_oce(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 669 | qsr_ice (:,:) = qsr_ice (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 670 | qnsr_ice(:,:) = qnsr_ice(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 671 | qla_ice (:,:) = qla_ice (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 672 | dqns_ice(:,:) = dqns_ice(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 673 | dqla_ice(:,:) = dqla_ice(:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 674 | fr1_i0 (:,:) = fr1_i0 (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 675 | fr2_i0 (:,:) = fr2_i0 (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 676 | tprecip (:,:) = tprecip (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 677 | sprecip (:,:) = sprecip (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 678 | evap (:,:) = evap (:,:)*tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 679 | !i |
|---|
| 680 | |
|---|
| 681 | END SUBROUTINE flx_blk |
|---|
| 682 | |
|---|
| 683 | |
|---|
| 684 | SUBROUTINE flx_blk_declin( ky, kday, pdecl ) |
|---|
| 685 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 686 | !! *** ROUTINE flx_blk_declin *** |
|---|
| 687 | !! |
|---|
| 688 | !! ** Purpose : Computation of the solar declination for the day |
|---|
| 689 | !! kday ( in decimal degrees ). |
|---|
| 690 | !! |
|---|
| 691 | !! ** Method : |
|---|
| 692 | !! |
|---|
| 693 | !! History : |
|---|
| 694 | !! original : 01-04 (LIM) |
|---|
| 695 | !! addition : 02-08 (C. Ethe, G. Madec) |
|---|
| 696 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 697 | !! * Arguments |
|---|
| 698 | INTEGER, INTENT( in ) :: & |
|---|
| 699 | ky , & ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
|---|
| 700 | kday ! day of the year ( kday = 1 on january 1) |
|---|
| 701 | REAL(wp), INTENT(out) :: & |
|---|
| 702 | pdecl ! solar declination |
|---|
| 703 | |
|---|
| 704 | !! * Local variables |
|---|
| 705 | REAL(wp) :: & |
|---|
| 706 | zday , & ! corresponding day of type year (cf. ky) |
|---|
| 707 | zp1, zp2, zp3, zp4 ! temporary scalars |
|---|
| 708 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 709 | |
|---|
| 710 | zday = FLOAT( kday ) |
|---|
| 711 | |
|---|
| 712 | IF( ky == 1 ) THEN |
|---|
| 713 | zday = zday - 0.5 |
|---|
| 714 | ELSEIF( ky == 3 ) THEN |
|---|
| 715 | zday = zday - 1. |
|---|
| 716 | ELSE |
|---|
| 717 | zday = REAL( kday ) |
|---|
| 718 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 719 | |
|---|
| 720 | zp1 = rpi * ( 2.0 * zday - 367.0 ) / yearday |
|---|
| 721 | zp2 = 2. * zp1 |
|---|
| 722 | zp3 = 3. * zp1 |
|---|
| 723 | zp4 = 4. * zp1 |
|---|
| 724 | |
|---|
| 725 | pdecl = a0 & |
|---|
| 726 | & + a1 * COS( zp1 ) + a2 * COS( zp2 ) + a3 * COS( zp3 ) + a4 * COS( zp4 ) & |
|---|
| 727 | & + b1 * SIN( zp1 ) + b2 * SIN( zp2 ) + b3 * SIN( zp3 ) + b4 * SIN( zp4 ) |
|---|
| 728 | |
|---|
| 729 | END SUBROUTINE flx_blk_declin |
|---|
| 730 | |
|---|
| 731 | #else |
|---|
| 732 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 733 | !! Default option : Empty module NO bulk |
|---|
| 734 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 735 | CONTAINS |
|---|
| 736 | SUBROUTINE flx_blk ! Empty routine |
|---|
| 737 | END SUBROUTINE flx_blk |
|---|
| 738 | #endif |
|---|
| 739 | |
|---|
| 740 | !!====================================================================== |
|---|
| 741 | END MODULE flxblk |
|---|
