| 1 | MODULE sbcblk_clio |
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| 2 | !!====================================================================== |
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| 3 | !! *** MODULE sbcblk_clio *** |
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| 4 | !! Ocean forcing: bulk thermohaline forcing of the ocean (or ice) |
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| 5 | !!===================================================================== |
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| 6 | !! History : OPA ! 1997-06 (Louvain-La-Neuve) Original code |
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| 7 | !! ! 2001-04 (C. Ethe) add flx_blk_declin |
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| 8 | !! NEMO 2.0 ! 2002-08 (C. Ethe, G. Madec) F90: Free form and module |
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| 9 | !! 3.0 ! 2008-03 (C. Talandier, G. Madec) surface module + LIM3 |
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| 10 | !! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put |
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| 11 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 12 | |
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| 13 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 14 | !! sbc_blk_clio : CLIO bulk formulation: read and update required input fields |
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| 15 | !! blk_clio_oce : ocean CLIO bulk formulea: compute momentum, heat and freswater fluxes for the ocean |
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| 16 | !! blk_ice_clio : ice CLIO bulk formulea: compute momentum, heat and freswater fluxes for the sea-ice |
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| 17 | !! blk_clio_qsr_oce : shortwave radiation for ocean computed from the cloud cover |
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| 18 | !! blk_clio_qsr_ice : shortwave radiation for ice computed from the cloud cover |
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| 19 | !! flx_blk_declin : solar declinaison |
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| 20 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 21 | USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers |
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| 22 | USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain |
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| 23 | USE phycst ! physical constants |
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| 24 | USE fldread ! read input fields |
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| 25 | USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields |
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| 26 | USE iom ! I/O manager library |
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| 27 | USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager |
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| 28 | USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library |
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| 29 | USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link) |
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| 30 | |
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| 31 | USE albedo |
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| 32 | USE prtctl ! Print control |
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| 33 | #if defined key_lim3 |
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| 34 | USE ice |
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| 35 | USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields |
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| 36 | #elif defined key_lim2 |
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| 37 | USE ice_2 |
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| 38 | #endif |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 41 | PRIVATE |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | PUBLIC sbc_blk_clio ! routine called by sbcmod.F90 |
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| 44 | PUBLIC blk_ice_clio ! routine called by sbcice_lim.F90 |
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| 45 | |
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| 46 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 7 ! maximum number of files to read |
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| 47 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_utau = 1 ! index of wind stress (i-component) (N/m2) at U-point |
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| 48 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_vtau = 2 ! index of wind stress (j-component) (N/m2) at V-point |
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| 49 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndm = 3 ! index of 10m wind module (m/s) at T-point |
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| 50 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 4 ! index of specific humidity ( - ) |
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| 51 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_ccov = 5 ! index of cloud cover ( - ) |
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| 52 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin) |
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| 53 | INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s) |
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| 54 | TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read) |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | INTEGER, PARAMETER :: jpintsr = 24 ! number of time step between sunrise and sunset |
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| 57 | ! ! uses for heat flux computation |
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| 58 | LOGICAL :: lbulk_init = .TRUE. ! flag, bulk initialization done or not) |
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| 59 | |
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| 60 | #if ! defined key_lim3 |
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| 61 | ! in namicerun with LIM3 |
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| 62 | REAL(wp) :: cai = 1.40e-3 ! best estimate of atm drag in order to get correct FS export in ORCA2-LIM |
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| 63 | REAL(wp) :: cao = 1.00e-3 ! chosen by default ==> should depends on many things... !!gmto be updated |
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| 64 | #endif |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | REAL(wp) :: rdtbs2 !: |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(19) :: budyko ! BUDYKO's coefficient (cloudiness effect on LW radiation) |
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| 69 | DATA budyko / 1.00, 0.98, 0.95, 0.92, 0.89, 0.86, 0.83, 0.80, 0.78, 0.75, & |
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| 70 | & 0.72, 0.69, 0.67, 0.64, 0.61, 0.58, 0.56, 0.53, 0.50 / |
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| 71 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(20) :: tauco ! cloud optical depth coefficient |
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| 72 | DATA tauco / 6.6, 6.6, 7.0, 7.2, 7.1, 6.8, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.6, & |
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| 73 | & 6.6, 6.1, 5.6, 5.5, 5.8, 5.8, 5.6, 5.6, 5.6, 5.6 / |
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| 74 | !! |
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| 75 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sbudyko ! cloudiness effect on LW radiation |
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| 76 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: stauc ! cloud optical depth |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | REAL(wp) :: zeps = 1.e-20 ! constant values |
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| 79 | REAL(wp) :: zeps0 = 1.e-13 |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | !! * Substitutions |
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| 82 | # include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90" |
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| 83 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 84 | !! NEMO/OPA 3.3 , NEMO Consortium (2010) |
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| 85 | !! $Id$ |
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| 86 | !! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt) |
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| 87 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 88 | CONTAINS |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_clio( kt ) |
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| 91 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 92 | !! *** ROUTINE sbc_blk_clio *** |
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| 93 | !! |
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| 94 | !! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes |
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| 95 | !! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff) |
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| 96 | !! |
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| 97 | !! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files: |
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| 98 | !! the i-component of the stress (N/m2) |
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| 99 | !! the j-component of the stress (N/m2) |
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| 100 | !! the 10m wind pseed module (m/s) |
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| 101 | !! the 10m air temperature (Kelvin) |
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| 102 | !! the 10m specific humidity (-) |
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| 103 | !! the cloud cover (-) |
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| 104 | !! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s) |
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| 105 | !! (2) CALL blk_oce_clio |
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| 106 | !! |
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| 107 | !! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields |
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| 108 | !! the stress is assumed to be in the mesh referential |
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| 109 | !! i.e. the (i,j) referential |
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| 110 | !! |
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| 111 | !! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface |
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| 112 | !! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress |
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| 113 | !! - taum wind stress module at T-point |
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| 114 | !! - wndm 10m wind module at T-point |
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| 115 | !! - qns, qsr non-slor and solar heat flux |
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| 116 | !! - emp, emps evaporation minus precipitation |
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| 117 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 118 | INTEGER, INTENT( in ) :: kt ! ocean time step |
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| 119 | !! |
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| 120 | INTEGER :: ifpr, jfpr ! dummy indices |
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| 121 | INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code |
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| 122 | !! |
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| 123 | CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of CLIO files |
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| 124 | TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read |
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| 125 | TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_utau, sn_vtau, sn_wndm, sn_tair ! informations about the fields to be read |
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| 126 | TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_humi, sn_ccov, sn_prec ! " " |
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| 127 | !! |
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| 128 | NAMELIST/namsbc_clio/ cn_dir, sn_utau, sn_vtau, sn_wndm, sn_humi, & |
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| 129 | & sn_ccov, sn_tair, sn_prec |
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| 130 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | ! ! ====================== ! |
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| 133 | IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 ! |
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| 134 | ! ! ====================== ! |
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| 135 | ! set file information (default values) |
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| 136 | cn_dir = './' ! directory in which the model is executed |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | ! (NB: frequency positive => hours, negative => months) |
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| 139 | ! ! file ! frequency ! variable ! time intep ! clim ! 'yearly' or ! weights ! rotation ! |
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| 140 | ! ! name ! (hours) ! name ! (T/F) ! (T/F) ! 'monthly' ! filename ! pairs ! |
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| 141 | sn_utau = FLD_N( 'utau' , 24 , 'utau' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 142 | sn_vtau = FLD_N( 'vtau' , 24 , 'vtau' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 143 | sn_wndm = FLD_N( 'mwnd10m', 24 , 'm_10' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 144 | sn_tair = FLD_N( 'tair10m', 24 , 't_10' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 145 | sn_humi = FLD_N( 'humi10m', 24 , 'q_10' , .false. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 146 | sn_ccov = FLD_N( 'ccover' , -1 , 'cloud' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 147 | sn_prec = FLD_N( 'precip' , -1 , 'precip' , .true. , .false. , 'yearly' , '' , '' ) |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | REWIND( numnam ) ! ... read in namlist namsbc_clio |
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| 150 | READ ( numnam, namsbc_clio ) |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | ! store namelist information in an array |
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| 153 | slf_i(jp_utau) = sn_utau ; slf_i(jp_vtau) = sn_vtau ; slf_i(jp_wndm) = sn_wndm |
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| 154 | slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi |
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| 155 | slf_i(jp_ccov) = sn_ccov ; slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec |
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| 156 | |
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| 157 | ! set sf structure |
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| 158 | ALLOCATE( sf(jpfld), STAT=ierror ) |
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| 159 | IF( ierror > 0 ) THEN |
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| 160 | CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_clio: unable to allocate sf structure' ) ; RETURN |
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| 161 | ENDIF |
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| 162 | DO ifpr= 1, jpfld |
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| 163 | ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) ) |
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| 164 | IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) ) |
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| 165 | END DO |
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| 166 | ! fill sf with slf_i and control print |
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| 167 | CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_clio', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_clio' ) |
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| 168 | ! |
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| 169 | ENDIF |
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| 170 | ! ! ====================== ! |
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| 171 | ! ! At each time-step ! |
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| 172 | ! ! ====================== ! |
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| 173 | ! |
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| 174 | CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step |
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| 175 | ! |
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| 176 | #if defined key_lim3 |
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| 177 | tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) !RB ugly patch |
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| 178 | #endif |
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| 179 | ! ! surface ocean fluxes computed with CLIO bulk formulea |
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| 180 | IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_clio( sf, sst_m ) |
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| 181 | ! |
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| 182 | END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_clio |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | SUBROUTINE blk_oce_clio( sf, pst ) |
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| 186 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 187 | !! *** ROUTINE blk_oce_clio *** |
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| 188 | !! |
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| 189 | !! ** Purpose : Compute momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at ocean surface |
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| 190 | !! using CLIO bulk formulea |
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| 191 | !! |
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| 192 | !! ** Method : The flux of heat at the ocean surfaces are derived |
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| 193 | !! from semi-empirical ( or bulk ) formulae which relate the flux to |
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| 194 | !! the properties of the surface and of the lower atmosphere. Here, we |
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| 195 | !! follow the work of Oberhuber, 1988 |
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| 196 | !! - momentum flux (stresses) directly read in files at U- and V-points |
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| 197 | !! - compute ocean/ice albedos (call albedo_oce/albedo_ice) |
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| 198 | !! - compute shortwave radiation for ocean (call blk_clio_qsr_oce) |
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| 199 | !! - compute long-wave radiation for the ocean |
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| 200 | !! - compute the turbulent heat fluxes over the ocean |
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| 201 | !! - deduce the evaporation over the ocean |
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| 202 | !! ** Action : Fluxes over the ocean: |
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| 203 | !! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress |
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| 204 | !! - taum wind stress module at T-point |
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| 205 | !! - wndm 10m wind module at T-point |
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| 206 | !! - qns, qsr non-slor and solar heat flux |
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| 207 | !! - emp, emps evaporation minus precipitation |
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| 208 | !! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC |
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| 209 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 210 | TYPE(fld), INTENT(in), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data |
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| 211 | REAL(wp) , INTENT(in), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius] |
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| 212 | !! |
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| 213 | INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices |
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| 214 | !! |
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| 215 | REAL(wp) :: zrhova, zcsho, zcleo, zcldeff ! temporary scalars |
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| 216 | REAL(wp) :: zqsato, zdteta, zdeltaq, ztvmoy, zobouks ! - - |
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| 217 | REAL(wp) :: zpsims, zpsihs, zpsils, zobouku, zxins, zpsimu ! - - |
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| 218 | REAL(wp) :: zpsihu, zpsilu, zstab,zpsim, zpsih, zpsil ! - - |
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| 219 | REAL(wp) :: zvatmg, zcmn, zchn, zcln, zcmcmn, zdenum ! - - |
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| 220 | REAL(wp) :: zdtetar, ztvmoyr, zlxins, zchcm, zclcm ! - - |
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| 221 | REAL(wp) :: zmt1, zmt2, zmt3, ztatm3, ztamr, ztaevbk ! - - |
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| 222 | REAL(wp) :: zsst, ztatm, zcco1, zpatm, zcmax, zrmax ! - - |
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| 223 | REAL(wp) :: zrhoa, zev, zes, zeso, zqatm, zevsqr ! - - |
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| 224 | REAL(wp) :: ztx2, zty2 ! - - |
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| 225 | !! |
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| 226 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqlw ! long-wave heat flux over ocean |
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| 227 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqla ! latent heat flux over ocean |
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| 228 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqsb ! sensible heat flux over ocean |
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| 229 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | zpatm = 101000. ! atmospheric pressure (assumed constant here) |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | !------------------------------------! |
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| 234 | ! momentum fluxes (utau, vtau ) ! |
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| 235 | !------------------------------------! |
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| 236 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
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| 237 | utau(:,:) = sf(jp_utau)%fnow(:,:,1) |
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| 238 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
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| 239 | vtau(:,:) = sf(jp_vtau)%fnow(:,:,1) |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | !------------------------------------! |
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| 242 | ! wind stress module (taum ) ! |
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| 243 | !------------------------------------! |
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| 244 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 245 | DO jj = 2, jpjm1 |
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| 246 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 247 | DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vector opt. |
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| 248 | ztx2 = utau(ji-1,jj ) + utau(ji,jj) |
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| 249 | zty2 = vtau(ji ,jj-1) + vtau(ji,jj) |
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| 250 | taum(ji,jj) = 0.5 * SQRT( ztx2 * ztx2 + zty2 * zty2 ) |
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| 251 | END DO |
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| 252 | END DO |
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| 253 | CALL lbc_lnk( taum, 'T', 1. ) |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | !------------------------------------! |
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| 256 | ! store the wind speed (wndm ) ! |
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| 257 | !------------------------------------! |
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| 258 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
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| 259 | wndm(:,:) = sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(:,:,1) |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | !------------------------------------------------! |
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| 262 | ! Shortwave radiation for ocean and snow/ice ! |
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| 263 | !------------------------------------------------! |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | CALL blk_clio_qsr_oce( qsr ) |
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| 266 | |
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| 267 | !------------------------! |
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| 268 | ! Other ocean fluxes ! |
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| 269 | !------------------------! |
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| 270 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 271 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
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| 272 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
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| 273 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
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| 274 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
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| 275 | ! |
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| 276 | zsst = pst(ji,jj) + rt0 ! converte Celcius to Kelvin the SST |
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| 277 | ztatm = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ! and set minimum value far above 0 K (=rt0 over land) |
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| 278 | zcco1 = 1.0 - sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ! fraction of clear sky ( 1 - cloud cover) |
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| 279 | zrhoa = zpatm / ( 287.04 * ztatm ) ! air density (equation of state for dry air) |
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| 280 | ztamr = ztatm - rtt ! Saturation water vapour |
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| 281 | zmt1 = SIGN( 17.269, ztamr ) ! || |
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| 282 | zmt2 = SIGN( 21.875, ztamr ) ! \ / |
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| 283 | zmt3 = SIGN( 28.200, -ztamr ) ! \/ |
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| 284 | zes = 611.0 * EXP( ABS( ztamr ) * MIN ( zmt1, zmt2 ) / ( ztatm - 35.86 + MAX( 0.e0, zmt3 ) ) ) |
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| 285 | zev = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * zes ! vapour pressure |
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| 286 | zevsqr = SQRT( zev * 0.01 ) ! square-root of vapour pressure |
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| 287 | zqatm = 0.622 * zev / ( zpatm - 0.378 * zev ) ! specific humidity |
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| 288 | |
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| 289 | !--------------------------------------! |
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| 290 | ! long-wave radiation over the ocean ! ( Berliand 1952 ; all latitudes ) |
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| 291 | !--------------------------------------! |
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| 292 | ztatm3 = ztatm * ztatm * ztatm |
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| 293 | zcldeff = 1.0 - sbudyko(ji,jj) * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) |
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| 294 | ztaevbk = ztatm * ztatm3 * zcldeff * ( 0.39 - 0.05 * zevsqr ) |
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| 295 | ! |
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| 296 | zqlw(ji,jj) = - emic * stefan * ( ztaevbk + 4. * ztatm3 * ( zsst - ztatm ) ) |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | !-------------------------------------------------- |
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| 299 | ! Latent and sensible heat fluxes over the ocean |
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| 300 | !-------------------------------------------------- |
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| 301 | ! ! vapour pressure at saturation of ocean |
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| 302 | zeso = 611.0 * EXP ( 17.2693884 * ( zsst - rtt ) * tmask(ji,jj,1) / ( zsst - 35.86 ) ) |
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| 303 | |
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| 304 | zqsato = ( 0.622 * zeso ) / ( zpatm - 0.378 * zeso ) ! humidity close to the ocean surface (at saturation) |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | ! Drag coefficients from Large and Pond (1981,1982) |
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| 307 | ! ! Stability parameters |
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| 308 | zdteta = zsst - ztatm |
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| 309 | zdeltaq = zqatm - zqsato |
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| 310 | ztvmoy = ztatm * ( 1. + 2.2e-3 * ztatm * zqatm ) |
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| 311 | zdenum = MAX( sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * ztvmoy, zeps ) |
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| 312 | zdtetar = zdteta / zdenum |
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| 313 | ztvmoyr = ztvmoy * ztvmoy * zdeltaq / zdenum |
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| 314 | ! ! case of stable atmospheric conditions |
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| 315 | zobouks = -70.0 * 10. * ( zdtetar + 3.2e-3 * ztvmoyr ) |
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| 316 | zobouks = MAX( 0.e0, zobouks ) |
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| 317 | zpsims = -7.0 * zobouks |
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| 318 | zpsihs = zpsims |
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| 319 | zpsils = zpsims |
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| 320 | ! ! case of unstable atmospheric conditions |
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| 321 | zobouku = MIN( 0.e0, -100.0 * 10.0 * ( zdtetar + 2.2e-3 * ztvmoyr ) ) |
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| 322 | zxins = ( 1. - 16. * zobouku )**0.25 |
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| 323 | zlxins = LOG( ( 1. + zxins * zxins ) / 2. ) |
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| 324 | zpsimu = 2. * LOG( ( 1 + zxins ) * 0.5 ) + zlxins - 2. * ATAN( zxins ) + rpi * 0.5 |
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| 325 | zpsihu = 2. * zlxins |
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| 326 | zpsilu = zpsihu |
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| 327 | ! ! intermediate values |
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| 328 | zstab = MAX( 0.e0, SIGN( 1.e0, zdteta ) ) |
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| 329 | zpsim = zstab * zpsimu + ( 1.0 - zstab ) * zpsims |
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| 330 | zpsih = zstab * zpsihu + ( 1.0 - zstab ) * zpsihs |
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| 331 | zpsil = zpsih |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | zvatmg = MAX( 0.032 * 1.5e-3 * sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(ji,jj,1) / grav, zeps ) |
|---|
| 334 | zcmn = vkarmn / LOG ( 10. / zvatmg ) |
|---|
| 335 | zchn = 0.0327 * zcmn |
|---|
| 336 | zcln = 0.0346 * zcmn |
|---|
| 337 | zcmcmn = 1. / ( 1. - zcmn * zpsim / vkarmn ) |
|---|
| 338 | ! sometimes the ratio zchn * zpsih / ( vkarmn * zcmn ) is too close to 1 and zchcm becomes very very big |
|---|
| 339 | zcmax = 0.1 ! choice for maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient, guided by my intuition |
|---|
| 340 | zrmax = 1 - 3.e-4 / zcmax ! maximum value of the ratio |
|---|
| 341 | zchcm = zcmcmn / ( 1. - MIN ( zchn * zpsih / ( vkarmn * zcmn ) , zrmax ) ) |
|---|
| 342 | zclcm = zchcm |
|---|
| 343 | ! ! transfert coef. (Large and Pond 1981,1982) |
|---|
| 344 | zcsho = zchn * zchcm |
|---|
| 345 | zcleo = zcln * zclcm |
|---|
| 346 | |
|---|
| 347 | zrhova = zrhoa * sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(ji,jj,1) |
|---|
| 348 | |
|---|
| 349 | ! sensible heat flux |
|---|
| 350 | zqsb(ji,jj) = zrhova * zcsho * 1004.0 * ( zsst - ztatm ) |
|---|
| 351 | |
|---|
| 352 | ! latent heat flux (bounded by zero) |
|---|
| 353 | zqla(ji,jj) = MAX( 0.e0, zrhova * zcleo * 2.5e+06 * ( zqsato - zqatm ) ) |
|---|
| 354 | ! |
|---|
| 355 | END DO |
|---|
| 356 | END DO |
|---|
| 357 | |
|---|
| 358 | ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! |
|---|
| 359 | ! III Total FLUXES ! |
|---|
| 360 | ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! |
|---|
| 361 | |
|---|
| 362 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 363 | emp (:,:) = zqla(:,:) / cevap - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) / rday * tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 364 | qns (:,:) = zqlw(:,:) - zqsb(:,:) - zqla(:,:) ! Downward Non Solar flux |
|---|
| 365 | emps(:,:) = emp(:,:) |
|---|
| 366 | ! |
|---|
| 367 | CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce", zqlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean |
|---|
| 368 | CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce", - zqsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean |
|---|
| 369 | CALL iom_put( "qla_oce", - zqla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean |
|---|
| 370 | CALL iom_put( "qns_oce", qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean |
|---|
| 371 | |
|---|
| 372 | IF(ln_ctl) THEN |
|---|
| 373 | CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_clio: zqsb : ', tab2d_2=zqlw , clinfo2=' zqlw : ') |
|---|
| 374 | CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=zqla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_clio: zqla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ') |
|---|
| 375 | CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_clio: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ') |
|---|
| 376 | CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_clio: utau : ', mask1=umask, & |
|---|
| 377 | & tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2=' vtau : ', mask2=vmask ) |
|---|
| 378 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 379 | |
|---|
| 380 | END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_clio |
|---|
| 381 | |
|---|
| 382 | |
|---|
| 383 | SUBROUTINE blk_ice_clio( pst , palb_cs, palb_os , & |
|---|
| 384 | & p_taui, p_tauj, p_qns , p_qsr, & |
|---|
| 385 | & p_qla , p_dqns, p_dqla, & |
|---|
| 386 | & p_tpr , p_spr , & |
|---|
| 387 | & p_fr1 , p_fr2 , cd_grid, pdim ) |
|---|
| 388 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 389 | !! *** ROUTINE blk_ice_clio *** |
|---|
| 390 | !! |
|---|
| 391 | !! ** Purpose : Computation of the heat fluxes at ocean and snow/ice |
|---|
| 392 | !! surface the solar heat at ocean and snow/ice surfaces and the |
|---|
| 393 | !! sensitivity of total heat fluxes to the SST variations |
|---|
| 394 | !! |
|---|
| 395 | !! ** Method : The flux of heat at the ice and ocean surfaces are derived |
|---|
| 396 | !! from semi-empirical ( or bulk ) formulae which relate the flux to |
|---|
| 397 | !! the properties of the surface and of the lower atmosphere. Here, we |
|---|
| 398 | !! follow the work of Oberhuber, 1988 |
|---|
| 399 | !! |
|---|
| 400 | !! ** Action : call albedo_oce/albedo_ice to compute ocean/ice albedo |
|---|
| 401 | !! computation of snow precipitation |
|---|
| 402 | !! computation of solar flux at the ocean and ice surfaces |
|---|
| 403 | !! computation of the long-wave radiation for the ocean and sea/ice |
|---|
| 404 | !! computation of turbulent heat fluxes over water and ice |
|---|
| 405 | !! computation of evaporation over water |
|---|
| 406 | !! computation of total heat fluxes sensitivity over ice (dQ/dT) |
|---|
| 407 | !! computation of latent heat flux sensitivity over ice (dQla/dT) |
|---|
| 408 | !! |
|---|
| 409 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 410 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: pst ! ice surface temperature [Kelvin] |
|---|
| 411 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: palb_cs ! ice albedo (clear sky) (alb_ice_cs) [%] |
|---|
| 412 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: palb_os ! ice albedo (overcast sky) (alb_ice_os) [%] |
|---|
| 413 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: p_taui ! surface ice stress at I-point (i-component) [N/m2] |
|---|
| 414 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: p_tauj ! surface ice stress at I-point (j-component) [N/m2] |
|---|
| 415 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: p_qns ! non solar heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2] |
|---|
| 416 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: p_qsr ! solar heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2] |
|---|
| 417 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: p_qla ! latent heat flux over ice (T-point) [W/m2] |
|---|
| 418 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: p_dqns ! non solar heat sensistivity (T-point) [W/m2] |
|---|
| 419 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: p_dqla ! latent heat sensistivity (T-point) [W/m2] |
|---|
| 420 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: p_tpr ! total precipitation (T-point) [Kg/m2/s] |
|---|
| 421 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: p_spr ! solid precipitation (T-point) [Kg/m2/s] |
|---|
| 422 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: p_fr1 ! 1sr fraction of qsr penetration in ice [%] |
|---|
| 423 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: p_fr2 ! 2nd fraction of qsr penetration in ice [%] |
|---|
| 424 | CHARACTER(len=1), INTENT(in ) :: cd_grid ! type of sea-ice grid ("C" or "B" grid) |
|---|
| 425 | INTEGER, INTENT(in ) :: pdim ! number of ice categories |
|---|
| 426 | !! |
|---|
| 427 | INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices |
|---|
| 428 | INTEGER :: ijpl ! number of ice categories (size of 3rd dim of input arrays) |
|---|
| 429 | !! |
|---|
| 430 | REAL(wp) :: zcoef, zmt1, zmt2, zmt3, ztatm3 ! temporary scalars |
|---|
| 431 | REAL(wp) :: ztaevbk, zind1, zind2, zind3, ztamr ! - - |
|---|
| 432 | REAL(wp) :: zesi, zqsati, zdesidt ! - - |
|---|
| 433 | REAL(wp) :: zdqla, zcldeff, zev, zes, zpatm, zrhova ! - - |
|---|
| 434 | REAL(wp) :: zcshi, zclei, zrhovaclei, zrhovacshi ! - - |
|---|
| 435 | REAL(wp) :: ztice3, zticemb, zticemb2, zdqlw, zdqsb ! - - |
|---|
| 436 | !! |
|---|
| 437 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: ztatm ! Tair in Kelvin |
|---|
| 438 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zqatm ! specific humidity |
|---|
| 439 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zevsqr ! vapour pressure square-root |
|---|
| 440 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zrhoa ! air density |
|---|
| 441 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj,pdim) :: z_qlw, z_qsb |
|---|
| 442 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 443 | |
|---|
| 444 | ijpl = pdim ! number of ice categories |
|---|
| 445 | zpatm = 101000. ! atmospheric pressure (assumed constant here) |
|---|
| 446 | |
|---|
| 447 | !------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 448 | ! momentum fluxes (utau, vtau ) ! |
|---|
| 449 | !------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 450 | |
|---|
| 451 | SELECT CASE( cd_grid ) |
|---|
| 452 | CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics |
|---|
| 453 | zcoef = cai / cao ! Change from air-sea stress to air-ice stress |
|---|
| 454 | p_taui(:,:) = zcoef * utau(:,:) |
|---|
| 455 | p_tauj(:,:) = zcoef * vtau(:,:) |
|---|
| 456 | CASE( 'I' ) ! I-grid ice dynamics: I-point (i.e. F-point lower-left corner) |
|---|
| 457 | zcoef = 0.5_wp * cai / cao ! Change from air-sea stress to air-ice stress |
|---|
| 458 | DO jj = 2, jpj ! stress from ocean U- and V-points to ice U,V point |
|---|
| 459 | DO ji = 2, jpi ! I-grid : no vector opt. |
|---|
| 460 | p_taui(ji,jj) = zcoef * ( utau(ji-1,jj ) + utau(ji-1,jj-1) ) |
|---|
| 461 | p_tauj(ji,jj) = zcoef * ( vtau(ji ,jj-1) + vtau(ji-1,jj-1) ) |
|---|
| 462 | END DO |
|---|
| 463 | END DO |
|---|
| 464 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_taui(:,:), 'I', -1. ) ; CALL lbc_lnk( p_tauj(:,:), 'I', -1. ) ! I-point |
|---|
| 465 | END SELECT |
|---|
| 466 | |
|---|
| 467 | |
|---|
| 468 | ! Determine cloud optical depths as a function of latitude (Chou et al., 1981). |
|---|
| 469 | ! and the correction factor for taking into account the effect of clouds |
|---|
| 470 | !------------------------------------------------------ |
|---|
| 471 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 472 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 473 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 474 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 475 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 476 | ztatm (ji,jj) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ! air temperature in Kelvins |
|---|
| 477 | |
|---|
| 478 | zrhoa(ji,jj) = zpatm / ( 287.04 * ztatm(ji,jj) ) ! air density (equation of state for dry air) |
|---|
| 479 | |
|---|
| 480 | ztamr = ztatm(ji,jj) - rtt ! Saturation water vapour |
|---|
| 481 | zmt1 = SIGN( 17.269, ztamr ) |
|---|
| 482 | zmt2 = SIGN( 21.875, ztamr ) |
|---|
| 483 | zmt3 = SIGN( 28.200, -ztamr ) |
|---|
| 484 | zes = 611.0 * EXP( ABS( ztamr ) * MIN ( zmt1, zmt2 ) & |
|---|
| 485 | & / ( ztatm(ji,jj) - 35.86 + MAX( 0.e0, zmt3 ) ) ) |
|---|
| 486 | |
|---|
| 487 | zev = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * zes ! vapour pressure |
|---|
| 488 | zevsqr(ji,jj) = SQRT( zev * 0.01 ) ! square-root of vapour pressure |
|---|
| 489 | zqatm(ji,jj) = 0.622 * zev / ( zpatm - 0.378 * zev ) ! specific humidity |
|---|
| 490 | |
|---|
| 491 | !---------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 492 | ! Computation of snow precipitation (Ledley, 1985) | |
|---|
| 493 | !---------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 494 | zmt1 = 253.0 - ztatm(ji,jj) ; zind1 = MAX( 0.e0, SIGN( 1.e0, zmt1 ) ) |
|---|
| 495 | zmt2 = ( 272.0 - ztatm(ji,jj) ) / 38.0 ; zind2 = MAX( 0.e0, SIGN( 1.e0, zmt2 ) ) |
|---|
| 496 | zmt3 = ( 281.0 - ztatm(ji,jj) ) / 18.0 ; zind3 = MAX( 0.e0, SIGN( 1.e0, zmt3 ) ) |
|---|
| 497 | p_spr(ji,jj) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(ji,jj,1) / rday & ! rday = converte mm/day to kg/m2/s |
|---|
| 498 | & * ( zind1 & ! solid (snow) precipitation [kg/m2/s] |
|---|
| 499 | & + ( 1.0 - zind1 ) * ( zind2 * ( 0.5 + zmt2 ) & |
|---|
| 500 | & + ( 1.0 - zind2 ) * zind3 * zmt3 ) ) |
|---|
| 501 | |
|---|
| 502 | !----------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 503 | ! fraction of net penetrative shortwave radiation ! |
|---|
| 504 | !----------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 505 | ! fraction of qsr_ice which is NOT absorbed in the thin surface layer |
|---|
| 506 | ! and thus which penetrates inside the ice cover ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Elbert anbd Curry, 1993 ) |
|---|
| 507 | p_fr1(ji,jj) = 0.18 * ( 1.e0 - sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) + 0.35 * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) |
|---|
| 508 | p_fr2(ji,jj) = 0.82 * ( 1.e0 - sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) + 0.65 * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) |
|---|
| 509 | END DO |
|---|
| 510 | END DO |
|---|
| 511 | CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', p_spr ) ! Snow precipitation |
|---|
| 512 | |
|---|
| 513 | !-----------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 514 | ! snow/ice Shortwave radiation (abedo already computed) ! |
|---|
| 515 | !-----------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 516 | CALL blk_clio_qsr_ice( palb_cs, palb_os, p_qsr ) |
|---|
| 517 | |
|---|
| 518 | ! ! ========================== ! |
|---|
| 519 | DO jl = 1, ijpl ! Loop over ice categories ! |
|---|
| 520 | ! ! ========================== ! |
|---|
| 521 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 522 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 523 | DO jj = 1 , jpj |
|---|
| 524 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 525 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 526 | !-------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 527 | ! long-wave radiation over ice categories ! ( Berliand 1952 ; all latitudes ) |
|---|
| 528 | !-------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 529 | ztatm3 = ztatm(ji,jj) * ztatm(ji,jj) * ztatm(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 530 | zcldeff = 1.0 - sbudyko(ji,jj) * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) |
|---|
| 531 | ztaevbk = ztatm3 * ztatm(ji,jj) * zcldeff * ( 0.39 - 0.05 * zevsqr(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 532 | ! |
|---|
| 533 | z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = - emic * stefan * ( ztaevbk + 4. * ztatm3 * ( pst(ji,jj,jl) - ztatm(ji,jj) ) ) |
|---|
| 534 | |
|---|
| 535 | !---------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 536 | ! Turbulent heat fluxes over snow/ice ( Latent and sensible ) |
|---|
| 537 | !---------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 538 | |
|---|
| 539 | ! vapour pressure at saturation of ice (tmask to avoid overflow in the exponential) |
|---|
| 540 | zesi = 611.0 * EXP( 21.8745587 * tmask(ji,jj,1) * ( pst(ji,jj,jl) - rtt )/ ( pst(ji,jj,jl) - 7.66 ) ) |
|---|
| 541 | ! humidity close to the ice surface (at saturation) |
|---|
| 542 | zqsati = ( 0.622 * zesi ) / ( zpatm - 0.378 * zesi ) |
|---|
| 543 | |
|---|
| 544 | ! computation of intermediate values |
|---|
| 545 | zticemb = pst(ji,jj,jl) - 7.66 |
|---|
| 546 | zticemb2 = zticemb * zticemb |
|---|
| 547 | ztice3 = pst(ji,jj,jl) * pst(ji,jj,jl) * pst(ji,jj,jl) |
|---|
| 548 | zdesidt = zesi * ( 9.5 * LOG( 10.0 ) * ( rtt - 7.66 ) / zticemb2 ) |
|---|
| 549 | |
|---|
| 550 | ! Transfer cofficients assumed to be constant (Parkinson 1979 ; Maykut 1982) |
|---|
| 551 | zcshi = 1.75e-03 |
|---|
| 552 | zclei = zcshi |
|---|
| 553 | |
|---|
| 554 | ! sensible and latent fluxes over ice |
|---|
| 555 | zrhova = zrhoa(ji,jj) * sf(jp_wndm)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ! computation of intermediate values |
|---|
| 556 | zrhovaclei = zrhova * zcshi * 2.834e+06 |
|---|
| 557 | zrhovacshi = zrhova * zclei * 1004.0 |
|---|
| 558 | |
|---|
| 559 | ! sensible heat flux |
|---|
| 560 | z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = zrhovacshi * ( pst(ji,jj,jl) - ztatm(ji,jj) ) |
|---|
| 561 | |
|---|
| 562 | ! latent heat flux |
|---|
| 563 | p_qla(ji,jj,jl) = MAX( 0.e0, zrhovaclei * ( zqsati - zqatm(ji,jj) ) ) |
|---|
| 564 | |
|---|
| 565 | ! sensitivity of non solar fluxes (dQ/dT) (long-wave, sensible and latent fluxes) |
|---|
| 566 | zdqlw = 4.0 * emic * stefan * ztice3 |
|---|
| 567 | zdqsb = zrhovacshi |
|---|
| 568 | zdqla = zrhovaclei * ( zdesidt * ( zqsati * zqsati / ( zesi * zesi ) ) * ( zpatm / 0.622 ) ) |
|---|
| 569 | ! |
|---|
| 570 | p_dqla(ji,jj,jl) = zdqla ! latent flux sensitivity |
|---|
| 571 | p_dqns(ji,jj,jl) = -( zdqlw + zdqsb + zdqla ) ! total non solar sensitivity |
|---|
| 572 | END DO |
|---|
| 573 | ! |
|---|
| 574 | END DO |
|---|
| 575 | ! |
|---|
| 576 | END DO |
|---|
| 577 | ! |
|---|
| 578 | ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! |
|---|
| 579 | ! Total FLUXES ! |
|---|
| 580 | ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! |
|---|
| 581 | ! |
|---|
| 582 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 583 | p_qns(:,:,:) = z_qlw (:,:,:) - z_qsb (:,:,:) - p_qla (:,:,:) ! Downward Non Solar flux |
|---|
| 584 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 585 | p_tpr(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) / rday ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s] |
|---|
| 586 | ! |
|---|
| 587 | !!gm : not necessary as all input data are lbc_lnk... |
|---|
| 588 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_fr1 (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 589 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_fr2 (:,:) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 590 | DO jl = 1, ijpl |
|---|
| 591 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_qns (:,:,jl) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 592 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_dqns(:,:,jl) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 593 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_qla (:,:,jl) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 594 | CALL lbc_lnk( p_dqla(:,:,jl) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 595 | END DO |
|---|
| 596 | |
|---|
| 597 | !!gm : mask is not required on forcing |
|---|
| 598 | DO jl = 1, ijpl |
|---|
| 599 | p_qns (:,:,jl) = p_qns (:,:,jl) * tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 600 | p_qla (:,:,jl) = p_qla (:,:,jl) * tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 601 | p_dqns(:,:,jl) = p_dqns(:,:,jl) * tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 602 | p_dqla(:,:,jl) = p_dqla(:,:,jl) * tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 603 | END DO |
|---|
| 604 | |
|---|
| 605 | IF(ln_ctl) THEN |
|---|
| 606 | CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_clio: z_qsb : ', tab3d_2=z_qlw , clinfo2=' z_qlw : ', kdim=ijpl) |
|---|
| 607 | CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_qla , clinfo1=' blk_ice_clio: z_qla : ', tab3d_2=p_qsr , clinfo2=' p_qsr : ', kdim=ijpl) |
|---|
| 608 | CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_dqns , clinfo1=' blk_ice_clio: p_dqns : ', tab3d_2=p_qns , clinfo2=' p_qns : ', kdim=ijpl) |
|---|
| 609 | CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=p_dqla , clinfo1=' blk_ice_clio: p_dqla : ', tab3d_2=pst , clinfo2=' pst : ', kdim=ijpl) |
|---|
| 610 | CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=p_tpr , clinfo1=' blk_ice_clio: p_tpr : ', tab2d_2=p_spr , clinfo2=' p_spr : ') |
|---|
| 611 | CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=p_taui , clinfo1=' blk_ice_clio: p_taui : ', tab2d_2=p_tauj , clinfo2=' p_tauj : ') |
|---|
| 612 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 613 | |
|---|
| 614 | |
|---|
| 615 | END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_clio |
|---|
| 616 | |
|---|
| 617 | |
|---|
| 618 | SUBROUTINE blk_clio_qsr_oce( pqsr_oce ) |
|---|
| 619 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 620 | !! *** ROUTINE blk_clio_qsr_oce *** |
|---|
| 621 | !! |
|---|
| 622 | !! ** Purpose : Computation of the shortwave radiation at the ocean and the |
|---|
| 623 | !! snow/ice surfaces. |
|---|
| 624 | !! |
|---|
| 625 | !! ** Method : - computed qsr from the cloud cover for both ice and ocean |
|---|
| 626 | !! - also initialise sbudyko and stauc once for all |
|---|
| 627 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 628 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: pqsr_oce ! shortwave radiation over the ocean |
|---|
| 629 | !! |
|---|
| 630 | INTEGER, PARAMETER :: jp24 = 24 ! sampling of the daylight period (sunrise to sunset) into 24 equal parts |
|---|
| 631 | !! |
|---|
| 632 | INTEGER :: ji, jj, jt ! dummy loop indices |
|---|
| 633 | INTEGER :: indaet ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
|---|
| 634 | INTEGER :: iday ! integer part of day |
|---|
| 635 | INTEGER :: indxb, indxc ! index for cloud depth coefficient |
|---|
| 636 | |
|---|
| 637 | REAL(wp) :: zalat , zclat, zcmue, zcmue2 ! local scalars |
|---|
| 638 | REAL(wp) :: zmt1, zmt2, zmt3 ! |
|---|
| 639 | REAL(wp) :: zdecl, zsdecl , zcdecl ! |
|---|
| 640 | REAL(wp) :: za_oce, ztamr ! |
|---|
| 641 | |
|---|
| 642 | REAL(wp) :: zdl, zlha ! local scalars |
|---|
| 643 | REAL(wp) :: zlmunoon, zcldcor, zdaycor ! |
|---|
| 644 | REAL(wp) :: zxday, zdist, zcoef, zcoef1 ! |
|---|
| 645 | REAL(wp) :: zes |
|---|
| 646 | !! |
|---|
| 647 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zev ! vapour pressure |
|---|
| 648 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zdlha, zlsrise, zlsset ! 2D workspace |
|---|
| 649 | |
|---|
| 650 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zps, zpc ! sine (cosine) of latitude per sine (cosine) of solar declination |
|---|
| 651 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 652 | |
|---|
| 653 | |
|---|
| 654 | IF( lbulk_init ) THEN ! Initilization at first time step only |
|---|
| 655 | rdtbs2 = nn_fsbc * rdt * 0.5 |
|---|
| 656 | ! cloud optical depths as a function of latitude (Chou et al., 1981). |
|---|
| 657 | ! and the correction factor for taking into account the effect of clouds |
|---|
| 658 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 659 | DO ji = 1 , jpi |
|---|
| 660 | zalat = ( 90.e0 - ABS( gphit(ji,jj) ) ) / 5.e0 |
|---|
| 661 | zclat = ( 95.e0 - gphit(ji,jj) ) / 10.e0 |
|---|
| 662 | indxb = 1 + INT( zalat ) |
|---|
| 663 | indxc = 1 + INT( zclat ) |
|---|
| 664 | zdl = zclat - INT( zclat ) |
|---|
| 665 | ! correction factor to account for the effect of clouds |
|---|
| 666 | sbudyko(ji,jj) = budyko(indxb) |
|---|
| 667 | stauc (ji,jj) = ( 1.e0 - zdl ) * tauco( indxc ) + zdl * tauco( indxc + 1 ) |
|---|
| 668 | END DO |
|---|
| 669 | END DO |
|---|
| 670 | lbulk_init = .FALSE. |
|---|
| 671 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 672 | |
|---|
| 673 | |
|---|
| 674 | ! Saturated water vapour and vapour pressure |
|---|
| 675 | ! ------------------------------------------ |
|---|
| 676 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 677 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 678 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 679 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 680 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 681 | ztamr = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rtt |
|---|
| 682 | zmt1 = SIGN( 17.269, ztamr ) |
|---|
| 683 | zmt2 = SIGN( 21.875, ztamr ) |
|---|
| 684 | zmt3 = SIGN( 28.200, -ztamr ) |
|---|
| 685 | zes = 611.0 * EXP( ABS( ztamr ) * MIN ( zmt1, zmt2 ) & ! Saturation water vapour |
|---|
| 686 | & / ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 35.86 + MAX( 0.e0, zmt3 ) ) ) |
|---|
| 687 | zev(ji,jj) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * zes * 1.0e-05 ! vapour pressure |
|---|
| 688 | END DO |
|---|
| 689 | END DO |
|---|
| 690 | |
|---|
| 691 | !-----------------------------------! |
|---|
| 692 | ! Computation of solar irradiance ! |
|---|
| 693 | !-----------------------------------! |
|---|
| 694 | !!gm : hard coded leap year ??? |
|---|
| 695 | indaet = 1 ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
|---|
| 696 | zxday = nday_year + rdtbs2 / rday ! day of the year at which the fluxes are calculated |
|---|
| 697 | iday = INT( zxday ) ! (centred at the middle of the ice time step) |
|---|
| 698 | CALL flx_blk_declin( indaet, iday, zdecl ) ! solar declination of the current day |
|---|
| 699 | zsdecl = SIN( zdecl * rad ) ! its sine |
|---|
| 700 | zcdecl = COS( zdecl * rad ) ! its cosine |
|---|
| 701 | |
|---|
| 702 | |
|---|
| 703 | ! correction factor added for computation of shortwave flux to take into account the variation of |
|---|
| 704 | ! the distance between the sun and the earth during the year (Oberhuber 1988) |
|---|
| 705 | zdist = zxday * 2. * rpi / REAL(nyear_len(1), wp) |
|---|
| 706 | zdaycor = 1.0 + 0.0013 * SIN( zdist ) + 0.0342 * COS( zdist ) |
|---|
| 707 | |
|---|
| 708 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 709 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 710 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 711 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 712 | ! product of sine (cosine) of latitude and sine (cosine) of solar declination |
|---|
| 713 | zps(ji,jj) = SIN( gphit(ji,jj) * rad ) * zsdecl |
|---|
| 714 | zpc(ji,jj) = COS( gphit(ji,jj) * rad ) * zcdecl |
|---|
| 715 | ! computation of the both local time of sunrise and sunset |
|---|
| 716 | zlsrise(ji,jj) = ACOS( - SIGN( 1.e0, zps(ji,jj) ) & |
|---|
| 717 | & * MIN( 1.e0, SIGN( 1.e0, zps(ji,jj) ) * ( zps(ji,jj) / zpc(ji,jj) ) ) ) |
|---|
| 718 | zlsset (ji,jj) = - zlsrise(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 719 | ! dividing the solar day into jp24 segments of length zdlha |
|---|
| 720 | zdlha (ji,jj) = ( zlsrise(ji,jj) - zlsset(ji,jj) ) / REAL( jp24, wp ) |
|---|
| 721 | END DO |
|---|
| 722 | END DO |
|---|
| 723 | |
|---|
| 724 | |
|---|
| 725 | !---------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 726 | ! shortwave radiation absorbed by the ocean ! |
|---|
| 727 | !---------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 728 | pqsr_oce(:,:) = 0.e0 ! set ocean qsr to zero |
|---|
| 729 | |
|---|
| 730 | ! compute and sum ocean qsr over the daylight (i.e. between sunrise and sunset) |
|---|
| 731 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 732 | DO jt = 1, jp24 |
|---|
| 733 | zcoef = FLOAT( jt ) - 0.5 |
|---|
| 734 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 735 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 736 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 737 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 738 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 739 | zlha = COS( zlsrise(ji,jj) - zcoef * zdlha(ji,jj) ) ! local hour angle |
|---|
| 740 | zcmue = MAX( 0.e0 , zps(ji,jj) + zpc(ji,jj) * zlha ) ! cos of local solar altitude |
|---|
| 741 | zcmue2 = 1368.0 * zcmue * zcmue |
|---|
| 742 | |
|---|
| 743 | ! ocean albedo depending on the cloud cover (Payne, 1972) |
|---|
| 744 | za_oce = ( 1.0 - sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) * 0.05 / ( 1.1 * zcmue**1.4 + 0.15 ) & ! clear sky |
|---|
| 745 | & + sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * 0.06 ! overcast |
|---|
| 746 | |
|---|
| 747 | ! solar heat flux absorbed by the ocean (Zillman, 1972) |
|---|
| 748 | pqsr_oce(ji,jj) = pqsr_oce(ji,jj) & |
|---|
| 749 | & + ( 1.0 - za_oce ) * zdlha(ji,jj) * zcmue2 & |
|---|
| 750 | & / ( ( zcmue + 2.7 ) * zev(ji,jj) + 1.085 * zcmue + 0.10 ) |
|---|
| 751 | END DO |
|---|
| 752 | END DO |
|---|
| 753 | END DO |
|---|
| 754 | ! Taking into account the ellipsity of the earth orbit, the clouds AND masked if sea-ice cover > 0% |
|---|
| 755 | zcoef1 = srgamma * zdaycor / ( 2. * rpi ) |
|---|
| 756 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 757 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 758 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 759 | zlmunoon = ASIN( zps(ji,jj) + zpc(ji,jj) ) / rad ! local noon solar altitude |
|---|
| 760 | zcldcor = MIN( 1.e0, ( 1.e0 - 0.62 * sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) & ! cloud correction (Reed 1977) |
|---|
| 761 | & + 0.0019 * zlmunoon ) ) |
|---|
| 762 | pqsr_oce(ji,jj) = zcoef1 * zcldcor * pqsr_oce(ji,jj) * tmask(ji,jj,1) ! and zcoef1: ellipsity |
|---|
| 763 | END DO |
|---|
| 764 | END DO |
|---|
| 765 | |
|---|
| 766 | END SUBROUTINE blk_clio_qsr_oce |
|---|
| 767 | |
|---|
| 768 | |
|---|
| 769 | SUBROUTINE blk_clio_qsr_ice( pa_ice_cs, pa_ice_os, pqsr_ice ) |
|---|
| 770 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 771 | !! *** ROUTINE blk_clio_qsr_ice *** |
|---|
| 772 | !! |
|---|
| 773 | !! ** Purpose : Computation of the shortwave radiation at the ocean and the |
|---|
| 774 | !! snow/ice surfaces. |
|---|
| 775 | !! |
|---|
| 776 | !! ** Method : - computed qsr from the cloud cover for both ice and ocean |
|---|
| 777 | !! - also initialise sbudyko and stauc once for all |
|---|
| 778 | !!---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 779 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: pa_ice_cs ! albedo of ice under clear sky |
|---|
| 780 | REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: pa_ice_os ! albedo of ice under overcast sky |
|---|
| 781 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: pqsr_ice ! shortwave radiation over the ice/snow |
|---|
| 782 | !! |
|---|
| 783 | INTEGER, PARAMETER :: jp24 = 24 ! sampling of the daylight period (sunrise to sunset) into 24 equal parts |
|---|
| 784 | !! |
|---|
| 785 | INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl, jt ! dummy loop indices |
|---|
| 786 | INTEGER :: ijpl ! number of ice categories (3rd dim of pqsr_ice) |
|---|
| 787 | INTEGER :: indaet ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
|---|
| 788 | INTEGER :: iday ! integer part of day |
|---|
| 789 | !! |
|---|
| 790 | REAL(wp) :: zcmue, zcmue2, ztamr ! temporary scalars |
|---|
| 791 | REAL(wp) :: zmt1, zmt2, zmt3 ! - - |
|---|
| 792 | REAL(wp) :: zdecl, zsdecl, zcdecl ! - - |
|---|
| 793 | REAL(wp) :: zlha, zdaycor, zes ! - - |
|---|
| 794 | REAL(wp) :: zxday, zdist, zcoef, zcoef1 ! - - |
|---|
| 795 | REAL(wp) :: zqsr_ice_cs, zqsr_ice_os ! - - |
|---|
| 796 | !! |
|---|
| 797 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zev ! vapour pressure |
|---|
| 798 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zdlha, zlsrise, zlsset ! 2D workspace |
|---|
| 799 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: zps, zpc ! sine (cosine) of latitude per sine (cosine) of solar declination |
|---|
| 800 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 801 | |
|---|
| 802 | ijpl = SIZE(pqsr_ice, 3 ) ! number of ice categories |
|---|
| 803 | |
|---|
| 804 | ! Saturated water vapour and vapour pressure |
|---|
| 805 | ! ------------------------------------------ |
|---|
| 806 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 807 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 808 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 809 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 810 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 811 | ztamr = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rtt |
|---|
| 812 | zmt1 = SIGN( 17.269, ztamr ) |
|---|
| 813 | zmt2 = SIGN( 21.875, ztamr ) |
|---|
| 814 | zmt3 = SIGN( 28.200, -ztamr ) |
|---|
| 815 | zes = 611.0 * EXP( ABS( ztamr ) * MIN ( zmt1, zmt2 ) & ! Saturation water vapour |
|---|
| 816 | & / ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - 35.86 + MAX( 0.e0, zmt3 ) ) ) |
|---|
| 817 | zev(ji,jj) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * zes * 1.0e-05 ! vapour pressure |
|---|
| 818 | END DO |
|---|
| 819 | END DO |
|---|
| 820 | |
|---|
| 821 | !-----------------------------------! |
|---|
| 822 | ! Computation of solar irradiance ! |
|---|
| 823 | !-----------------------------------! |
|---|
| 824 | !!gm : hard coded leap year ??? |
|---|
| 825 | indaet = 1 ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
|---|
| 826 | zxday = nday_year + rdtbs2 / rday ! day of the year at which the fluxes are calculated |
|---|
| 827 | iday = INT( zxday ) ! (centred at the middle of the ice time step) |
|---|
| 828 | CALL flx_blk_declin( indaet, iday, zdecl ) ! solar declination of the current day |
|---|
| 829 | zsdecl = SIN( zdecl * rad ) ! its sine |
|---|
| 830 | zcdecl = COS( zdecl * rad ) ! its cosine |
|---|
| 831 | |
|---|
| 832 | |
|---|
| 833 | ! correction factor added for computation of shortwave flux to take into account the variation of |
|---|
| 834 | ! the distance between the sun and the earth during the year (Oberhuber 1988) |
|---|
| 835 | zdist = zxday * 2. * rpi / REAL(nyear_len(1), wp) |
|---|
| 836 | zdaycor = 1.0 + 0.0013 * SIN( zdist ) + 0.0342 * COS( zdist ) |
|---|
| 837 | |
|---|
| 838 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 839 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 840 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 841 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 842 | ! product of sine (cosine) of latitude and sine (cosine) of solar declination |
|---|
| 843 | zps(ji,jj) = SIN( gphit(ji,jj) * rad ) * zsdecl |
|---|
| 844 | zpc(ji,jj) = COS( gphit(ji,jj) * rad ) * zcdecl |
|---|
| 845 | ! computation of the both local time of sunrise and sunset |
|---|
| 846 | zlsrise(ji,jj) = ACOS( - SIGN( 1.e0, zps(ji,jj) ) & |
|---|
| 847 | & * MIN( 1.e0, SIGN( 1.e0, zps(ji,jj) ) * ( zps(ji,jj) / zpc(ji,jj) ) ) ) |
|---|
| 848 | zlsset (ji,jj) = - zlsrise(ji,jj) |
|---|
| 849 | ! dividing the solar day into jp24 segments of length zdlha |
|---|
| 850 | zdlha (ji,jj) = ( zlsrise(ji,jj) - zlsset(ji,jj) ) / REAL( jp24, wp ) |
|---|
| 851 | END DO |
|---|
| 852 | END DO |
|---|
| 853 | |
|---|
| 854 | |
|---|
| 855 | !---------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 856 | ! shortwave radiation absorbed by the ice ! |
|---|
| 857 | !---------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 858 | ! compute and sum ice qsr over the daylight for each ice categories |
|---|
| 859 | pqsr_ice(:,:,:) = 0.e0 |
|---|
| 860 | zcoef1 = zdaycor / ( 2. * rpi ) ! Correction for the ellipsity of the earth orbit |
|---|
| 861 | |
|---|
| 862 | ! !----------------------------! |
|---|
| 863 | DO jl = 1, ijpl ! loop over ice categories ! |
|---|
| 864 | ! !----------------------------! |
|---|
| 865 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 866 | DO jt = 1, jp24 |
|---|
| 867 | zcoef = FLOAT( jt ) - 0.5 |
|---|
| 868 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 869 | !CDIR COLLAPSE |
|---|
| 870 | DO jj = 1, jpj |
|---|
| 871 | !CDIR NOVERRCHK |
|---|
| 872 | DO ji = 1, jpi |
|---|
| 873 | zlha = COS( zlsrise(ji,jj) - zcoef * zdlha(ji,jj) ) ! local hour angle |
|---|
| 874 | zcmue = MAX( 0.e0 , zps(ji,jj) + zpc(ji,jj) * zlha ) ! cos of local solar altitude |
|---|
| 875 | zcmue2 = 1368.0 * zcmue * zcmue |
|---|
| 876 | |
|---|
| 877 | ! solar heat flux absorbed by the ice/snow system (Shine and Crane 1984 adapted to high albedo) |
|---|
| 878 | zqsr_ice_cs = ( 1.0 - pa_ice_cs(ji,jj,jl) ) * zdlha(ji,jj) * zcmue2 & ! clear sky |
|---|
| 879 | & / ( ( 1.0 + zcmue ) * zev(ji,jj) + 1.2 * zcmue + 0.0455 ) |
|---|
| 880 | zqsr_ice_os = zdlha(ji,jj) * SQRT( zcmue ) & ! overcast sky |
|---|
| 881 | & * ( 53.5 + 1274.5 * zcmue ) * ( 1.0 - 0.996 * pa_ice_os(ji,jj,jl) ) & |
|---|
| 882 | & / ( 1.0 + 0.139 * stauc(ji,jj) * ( 1.0 - 0.9435 * pa_ice_os(ji,jj,jl) ) ) |
|---|
| 883 | |
|---|
| 884 | pqsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = pqsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) + ( ( 1.0 - sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) * zqsr_ice_cs & |
|---|
| 885 | & + sf(jp_ccov)%fnow(ji,jj,1) * zqsr_ice_os ) |
|---|
| 886 | END DO |
|---|
| 887 | END DO |
|---|
| 888 | END DO |
|---|
| 889 | ! |
|---|
| 890 | ! Correction : Taking into account the ellipsity of the earth orbit |
|---|
| 891 | pqsr_ice(:,:,jl) = pqsr_ice(:,:,jl) * zcoef1 * tmask(:,:,1) |
|---|
| 892 | ! |
|---|
| 893 | ! !--------------------------------! |
|---|
| 894 | END DO ! end loop over ice categories ! |
|---|
| 895 | ! !--------------------------------! |
|---|
| 896 | |
|---|
| 897 | |
|---|
| 898 | !!gm : this should be suppress as input data have been passed through lbc_lnk |
|---|
| 899 | DO jl = 1, ijpl |
|---|
| 900 | CALL lbc_lnk( pqsr_ice(:,:,jl) , 'T', 1. ) |
|---|
| 901 | END DO |
|---|
| 902 | ! |
|---|
| 903 | END SUBROUTINE blk_clio_qsr_ice |
|---|
| 904 | |
|---|
| 905 | |
|---|
| 906 | SUBROUTINE flx_blk_declin( ky, kday, pdecl ) |
|---|
| 907 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 908 | !! *** ROUTINE flx_blk_declin *** |
|---|
| 909 | !! |
|---|
| 910 | !! ** Purpose : Computation of the solar declination for the day |
|---|
| 911 | !! |
|---|
| 912 | !! ** Method : ??? |
|---|
| 913 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 914 | INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: ky ! = -1, 0, 1 for odd, normal and leap years resp. |
|---|
| 915 | INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kday ! day of the year ( kday = 1 on january 1) |
|---|
| 916 | REAL(wp), INTENT( out) :: pdecl ! solar declination |
|---|
| 917 | !! |
|---|
| 918 | REAL(wp) :: a0 = 0.39507671 ! coefficients for solar declinaison computation |
|---|
| 919 | REAL(wp) :: a1 = 22.85684301 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 920 | REAL(wp) :: a2 = -0.38637317 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 921 | REAL(wp) :: a3 = 0.15096535 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 922 | REAL(wp) :: a4 = -0.00961411 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 923 | REAL(wp) :: b1 = -4.29692073 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 924 | REAL(wp) :: b2 = 0.05702074 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 925 | REAL(wp) :: b3 = -0.09028607 ! " "" " |
|---|
| 926 | REAL(wp) :: b4 = 0.00592797 |
|---|
| 927 | !! |
|---|
| 928 | REAL(wp) :: zday ! corresponding day of type year (cf. ky) |
|---|
| 929 | REAL(wp) :: zp ! temporary scalars |
|---|
| 930 | !!--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|---|
| 931 | |
|---|
| 932 | IF ( ky == 1 ) THEN ; zday = REAL( kday, wp ) - 0.5 |
|---|
| 933 | ELSEIF( ky == 3 ) THEN ; zday = REAL( kday, wp ) - 1. |
|---|
| 934 | ELSE ; zday = REAL( kday, wp ) |
|---|
| 935 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 936 | |
|---|
| 937 | zp = rpi * ( 2.0 * zday - 367.0 ) / REAL(nyear_len(1), wp) |
|---|
| 938 | |
|---|
| 939 | pdecl = a0 & |
|---|
| 940 | & + a1 * COS( zp ) + a2 * COS( 2. * zp ) + a3 * COS( 3. * zp ) + a4 * COS( 4. * zp ) & |
|---|
| 941 | & + b1 * SIN( zp ) + b2 * SIN( 2. * zp ) + b3 * SIN( 3. * zp ) + b4 * SIN( 4. * zp ) |
|---|
| 942 | ! |
|---|
| 943 | END SUBROUTINE flx_blk_declin |
|---|
| 944 | |
|---|
| 945 | !!====================================================================== |
|---|
| 946 | END MODULE sbcblk_clio |
|---|
