Changeset 2992 for branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC
- Timestamp:
- 2011-10-25T16:15:52+02:00 (13 years ago)
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- branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC/TexFiles
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branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC/TexFiles/Biblio/Biblio.bib
r2541 r2992 355 355 } 356 356 357 @ARTICLE{Bignami_al_JGR95, 358 author = {F. Bignami and S. Marullo and R. Santoleri and M. E. Schiano}, 359 title = {Longwave radiation budget in the Mediterranean Sea}, 360 journal = JGR, 361 year = {1995}, 362 volume = {100}, number = {C2}, 363 pages = {2501--2514}, 364 doi = {10.1029/94JC02496}, 365 } 366 357 367 @ARTICLE{Blanke_al_JPO99, 358 368 author = {B. Blanke and M. Arhan and G. Madec and S. Roche}, … … 590 600 doi = {10.1029/2002GL016473}, 591 601 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016473} 602 } 603 604 @ARTICLE{Castellari_al_JMS1998, 605 author = {S> Castellari and N. Pinardi and K. Leaman }, 606 title = {A model study of air-sea interactions in the Mediterranean Sea.}, 607 journal = JMS, 608 year = {1998}, 609 volume = {18}, 610 pages = {89--114} 592 611 } 593 612 … … 1247 1266 } 1248 1267 1268 @ARTICLE{Hellerman_Rosenstein_JPO83, 1269 author = {S. Hellerman and M. Rosenstein }, 1270 title = {Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates}, 1271 journal = JPO, 1272 year = {1983}, 1273 volume = {13}, 1274 pages = {1093--1104}, 1275 } 1276 1249 1277 @ARTICLE{He_Ding_JSC01, 1250 1278 author = {Y. He and C. H. Q. Ding}, … … 1511 1539 volume = {6}, 1512 1540 pages = {56--58} 1541 } 1542 @ARTICLE{Kondo1975, 1543 author = {J. Kondo}, 1544 title = {Air-sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabatic conditions}, 1545 journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorol}, 1546 year = {1975}, 1547 volume = {9}, 1548 pages = {91--112} 1549 } 1550 1551 @ARTICLE{Lermusiaux2001, 1552 author = {P. F. J. Lermusiaux}, 1553 title = {Evolving the subspace of three-dimensional miltiscale ocean variability: Massachusetts Bay}, 1554 journal = JMS, 1555 year = {2001}, 1556 volume = {29}, 1557 pages = {385--422} 1513 1558 } 1514 1559 … … 1906 1951 volume = {125}, number = {5}, 1907 1952 pages = {958--971} 1953 } 1954 1955 @ARTICLE{Maggiore_al_PCE98, 1956 author = {A. Maggiore and M. Zavatarelli and M. G. Angelucci and N. Pinardi}, 1957 title = {Surface heat and water fluxes in the Adriatic Sea: seasonal and interannual variability}, 1958 journal = {Phys Chem Earth}, 1959 year = {1998}, 1960 volume = {23}, 1961 pages = {561--567} 1908 1962 } 1909 1963 … … 2115 2169 } 2116 2170 2171 @ARTICLE{Oddo_al_OS09, 2172 author = {P. Oddo and M. Adani and N. Pinardi and C. Fratianni and M. Tonani and D. Pettenuzzo}, 2173 title = {A nested Atlantic-Mediterranean Sea general circulation model for operational forecasting}, 2174 journal = OS, 2175 year = {2009}, 2176 volume = {5}, 2177 pages = {1--13}, 2178 } 2179 2117 2180 @PHDTHESIS{Olivier_PhD01, 2118 2181 author = {F. Olivier}, … … 2170 2233 } 2171 2234 2235 @ARTICLE{Payne_JAS72, 2236 author = {R. E. Payne}, 2237 title = {Albedo of the Sea Surface}, 2238 journal = JAS, 2239 year = {1972}, 2240 volume = {29} 2241 pages = {959--970} 2242 } 2243 2172 2244 @ARTICLE{Penduff_al_OM06, 2173 2245 author = {T. Penduff and B. Barnier and J.-M. Molines and G. Madec}, … … 2234 2306 volume = {13}, 2235 2307 pages = {1154--1158} 2308 } 2309 2310 @ARTICLE{Reed_JPO77, 2311 author = {R. K. Reed}, 2312 title = {On estimating insolation over the ocean}, 2313 journal = JPO, 2314 year = {1977}, 2315 volume = {1}, 2316 pages = {874--971} 2236 2317 } 2237 2318 … … 2502 2583 volume = {8}, 2503 2584 pages = {175--201} 2585 } 2586 2587 @ARTICLE{Tonani_al_OS08, 2588 author = {M. Tonani and N. Pinardi and S. Dobricic and I. Pujol and C. Fratianni}, 2589 title = {A high-resolution free-surface model of the Mediterranean Sea}, 2590 journal = OS, 2591 year = {2008}, 2592 volume = {4}, 2593 pages = {1--14} 2504 2594 } 2505 2595 -
branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC/TexFiles/Chapters/Chap_SBC.tex
r2541 r2992 24 24 \end{itemize} 25 25 26 F ourdifferent ways to provide the first six fields to the ocean are available which26 Five different ways to provide the first six fields to the ocean are available which 27 27 are controlled by namelist variables: an analytical formulation (\np{ln\_ana}~=~true), 28 28 a flux formulation (\np{ln\_flx}~=~true), a bulk formulae formulation (CORE 29 (\np{ln\_core}~=~true) or CLIO (\np{ln\_clio}~=~true) bulk formulae) and a coupled 29 (\np{ln\_core}~=~true), CLIO (\np{ln\_clio}~=~true) or MFS 30 \footnote { Note that MFS bulk formulae compute fluxes only for the ocean component} 31 (\np{ln\_ecmwf}~=~true) bulk formulae) and a coupled 30 32 formulation (exchanges with a atmospheric model via the OASIS coupler) 31 33 (\np{ln\_cpl}~=~true). When used, the atmospheric pressure forces both 32 ocean and ice dynamics (\np{ln\_apr\_dyn}~=~true) 33 \footnote{The surface pressure field could be use in bulk formulae, nevertheless 34 none of the current bulk formulea (CLIO and CORE) uses the it.}. 34 ocean and ice dynamics (\np{ln\_apr\_dyn}~=~true). 35 35 The frequency at which the six or seven fields have to be updated is the \np{nn\_fsbc} 36 36 namelist parameter. … … 51 51 52 52 In this chapter, we first discuss where the surface boundary condition appears in the 53 model equations. Then we present the f ourways of providing the surface boundary condition,53 model equations. Then we present the five ways of providing the surface boundary condition, 54 54 followed by the description of the atmospheric pressure and the river runoff. 55 55 Next the scheme for interpolation on the fly is described. … … 480 480 % Bulk formulation 481 481 % ================================================================ 482 \section [Bulk formulation (\textit{sbcblk\_core} or \textit{sbcblk\_clio}) ]483 {Bulk formulation \small{(\mdl{sbcblk\_core} or \mdl{sbcblk\_clio} module)} }482 \section [Bulk formulation (\textit{sbcblk\_core}, \textit{sbcblk\_clio} or \textit{sbcblk\_ecmwf}) ] 483 {Bulk formulation \small{(\mdl{sbcblk\_core} \mdl{sbcblk\_clio} \mdl{sbcblk\_ecmwf} modules)} } 484 484 \label{SBC_blk} 485 485 … … 487 487 using bulk formulae and atmospheric fields and ocean (and ice) variables. 488 488 489 The atmospheric fields used depend on the bulk formulae used. T wobulk formulations490 are available : the CORE and CLIObulk formulea. The choice is made by setting to true491 one of the following namelist variable : \np{ln\_core} and \np{ln\_clio}.492 493 Note : in forced mode, when a sea-ice model is used, a bulk formulation have to be used.494 Therefore the two bulk formulea providedinclude the computation of the fluxes over both489 The atmospheric fields used depend on the bulk formulae used. Three bulk formulations 490 are available : the CORE, the CLIO and the MFS bulk formulea. The choice is made by setting to true 491 one of the following namelist variable : \np{ln\_core} ; \np{ln\_clio} or \np{ln\_ecmwf}. 492 493 Note : in forced mode, when a sea-ice model is used, a bulk formulation (CLIO or CORE) have to be used. 494 Therefore the two bulk (CLIO and CORE) formulea include the computation of the fluxes over both 495 495 an ocean and an ice surface. 496 496 … … 583 583 namelist (see \S\ref{SBC_fldread}). 584 584 585 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 586 % ECMWF Bulk formulea 587 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 588 \subsection [MFS Bulk formulea (\np{ln\_ecmwf}=true)] 589 {MFS Bulk formulea (\np{ln\_ecmwf}=true, \mdl{sbcblk\_ecmwf})} 590 \label{SBC_blk_ecmwf} 591 %------------------------------------------namsbc_ecmwf---------------------------------------------------- 592 \namdisplay{namsbc_ecmwf} 593 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 594 595 The MFS (Mediterranean Forecasting System) bulk formulae have been developed by 596 \citet{Castellari_al_JMS1998}. 597 They have been designed to handle the ECMWF operational data and are currently 598 in use in the MFS operational system \citep{Tonani_al_OS08}, \citep{Oddo_al_OS09}. 599 The wind stress computation uses a drag coefficient computed according to \citet{Hellerman_Rosenstein_JPO83}. 600 The surface boundary condition for temperature involves the balance between surface solar radiation, 601 net long-wave radiation, the latent and sensible heat fluxes. 602 Solar radiation is dependent on cloud cover and is computed by means of 603 an astronomical formula \citep{Reed_JPO77}. Albedo monthly values are from \citet{Payne_JAS72} 604 as means of the values at $40^{o}N$ and $30^{o}N$ for the Atlantic Ocean (hence the same latitudinal 605 band of the Mediterranean Sea). The net long-wave radiation flux 606 \citep{Bignami_al_JGR95} is a function of 607 air temperature, sea-surface temperature, cloud cover and relative humidity. 608 Sensible heat and latent heat fluxes are computed by classical 609 bulk formulae parameterized according to \citet{Kondo1975}. 610 Details on the bulk formulae used can be found in \citet{Maggiore_al_PCE98} and \citet{Castellari_al_JMS1998}. 611 612 The required 7 input fields must be provided on the model Grid-T and are: 613 \begin{itemize} 614 \item Zonal Component of the 10m wind ($ms^{-1}$) (\np{sn\_windi}) 615 \item Meridional Component of the 10m wind ($ms^{-1}$) (\np{sn\_windj}) 616 \item Total Claud Cover (\%) (\np{sn\_clc}) 617 \item 2m Air Temperature ($K$) (\np{sn\_tair}) 618 \item 2m Dew Point Temperature ($K$) (\np{sn\_rhm}) 619 \item Total Precipitation ${Kg} m^{-2} s^{-1}$ (\np{sn\_prec}) 620 \item Mean Sea Level Pressure (${Pa}) (\np{sn\_msl}) 621 \end{itemize} 622 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 585 623 % ================================================================ 586 624 % Coupled formulation -
branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC/TexFiles/Chapters/Chap_ZDF.tex
r2541 r2992 100 100 $a=5$ and $n=2$. The last three values can be modified by setting the 101 101 \np{rn\_avmri}, \np{rn\_alp} and \np{nn\_ric} namelist parameters, respectively. 102 103 A simple mixing-layer model to transfer and dissipate the atmospheric 104 forcings (wind-stress and buoyancy fluxes) can be activated setting 105 the \np{ln\_mldw} =.true. in the namelist. 106 107 In this case, the local depth of turbulent wind-mixing or "Ekman depth" 108 $h_{e}(x,y,t)$ is evaluated and the vertical eddy coefficients prescribed within this layer. 109 110 This depth is assumed proportional to the "depth of frictional influence" that is limited by rotation: 111 \begin{equation} 112 h_{e} = Ek \frac {u^{*}} {f_{0}} \\ 113 \end{equation} 114 where, $Ek$ is an empirical parameter, $u^{*}$ is the friction velocity and $f_{0}$ is the Coriolis 115 parameter. 116 117 In this similarity height relationship, the turbulent friction velocity: 118 \begin{equation} 119 u^{*} = \sqrt \frac {|\tau|} {\rho_o} \\ 120 \end{equation} 121 122 is computed from the wind stress vector $|\tau|$ and the reference dendity $ \rho_o$. 123 The final $h_{e}$ is further constrained by the adjustable bounds \np{rn\_mldmin} and \np{rn\_mldmax}. 124 Once $h_{e}$ is computed, the vertical eddy coefficients within $h_{e}$ are set to 125 the empirical values \np{rn\_wtmix} and \np{rn\_wvmix} \citep{Lermusiaux2001}. 102 126 103 127 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC/TexFiles/Namelist/namsbc
r2540 r2992 8 8 ln_blk_clio = .false. ! CLIO bulk formulation (T => fill namsbc_clio) 9 9 ln_blk_core = .true. ! CORE bulk formulation (T => fill namsbc_core) 10 ln_blk_ecmwf= .false. ! MFS bulk formulation (T => fill namsbc_ecmwf) 10 11 ln_cpl = .false. ! Coupled formulation (T => fill namsbc_cpl ) 11 12 ln_apr_dyn = .false. ! Patm gradient added in ocean & ice Eqs. (T => fill namsbc_apr ) -
branches/2011/dev_INGV_2011/DOC/TexFiles/Namelist/namzdf_ric
r2540 r2992 5 5 rn_alp = 5. ! coefficient of the parameterization 6 6 nn_ric = 2 ! coefficient of the parameterization 7 rn_ekmfc = 0.7 ! Factor in the Ekman depth Equation 8 rn_mldmin = 1.0 ! minimum allowable mixed-layer depth estimate (m) 9 rn_mldmax =1000.0 ! maximum allowable mixed-layer depth estimate (m) 10 rn_wtmix = 10.0 ! vertical eddy viscosity coeff [m2/s] in the mixed-layer 11 rn_wvmix = 10.0 ! vertical eddy diffusion coeff [m2/s] in the mixed-layer 12 ln_mldw = .true. ! Flag to use or not the mized layer depth param. 7 13 /
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