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source: branches/ORCHIDEE_EXT/ORCHIDEE/src_stomate/stomate_turnover.f90 @ 350

Last change on this file since 350 was 350, checked in by didier.solyga, 13 years ago
Add labels for the externalized pft parameters. Update obsolete aspects of F77. Replace the last 0.0 by zero in stomate
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1	! This subroutine calculates:
2	! 1-6 : leaf senescence, climatic and as a function of leaf age. New LAI.
3	! 7 : herbivores
4	! 8 : fruit turnover for trees.
5	! 9 : sapwood conversion.
6	!
7	! $Header: /home/ssipsl/CVSREP/ORCHIDEE/src_stomate/stomate_turnover.f90,v 1.13 2010/04/06 15:44:01 ssipsl Exp $
8	! IPSL (2006)
9	! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC
10	!
11	MODULE stomate_turnover
12
13	! modules used:
14
15	USE ioipsl
16	USE stomate_data
17	USE constantes
18	USE pft_parameters
19
20	IMPLICIT NONE
21
22	! private & public routines
23
24	PRIVATE
25	PUBLIC turn, turn_clear
26
27	! first call
28	LOGICAL, SAVE :: firstcall = .TRUE.
29
30	CONTAINS
31
32	SUBROUTINE turn_clear
33	firstcall=.TRUE.
34	END SUBROUTINE turn_clear
35
36	SUBROUTINE turn (npts, dt, PFTpresent, &
37	herbivores, &
38	maxmoiavail_lastyear, minmoiavail_lastyear, &
39	moiavail_week, moiavail_month, tlong_ref, t2m_month, t2m_week, veget_max, &
40	leaf_age, leaf_frac, age, lai, biomass, &
41	turnover, senescence,turnover_time)
42
43	!
44	! 0 declarations
45	!
46
47	! 0.1 input
48
49	! Domain size
50	INTEGER(i_std), INTENT(in) :: npts
51	! time step in days
52	REAL(r_std), INTENT(in) :: dt
53	! PFT exists
54	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: PFTpresent
55	! time constant of probability of a leaf to be eaten by a herbivore (days)
56	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: herbivores
57	! last year's maximum moisture availability
58	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: maxmoiavail_lastyear
59	! last year's minimum moisture availability
60	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: minmoiavail_lastyear
61	! "weekly" moisture availability
62	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: moiavail_week
63	! "monthly" moisture availability
64	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: moiavail_month
65	! "long term" 2 meter reference temperatures (K)
66	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: tlong_ref
67	! "monthly" 2-meter temperatures (K)
68	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_month
69	! "weekly" 2 meter temperatures (K)
70	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_week
71	! "maximal" coverage fraction of a PFT (LAI -> infinity) on ground
72	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: veget_max
73
74	! 0.2 modified fields
75
76	! age of the leaves (days)
77	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nleafages), INTENT(inout) :: leaf_age
78	! fraction of leaves in leaf age class
79	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nleafages), INTENT(inout) :: leaf_frac
80	! age (years)
81	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: age
82	! leaf area index
83	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: lai
84	! biomass (gC/(m**2 of ground))
85	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nparts), INTENT(inout) :: biomass
86	! turnover_time of grasse
87	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: turnover_time
88
89	! 0.3 output
90
91	! Turnover rates (gC/day/(m**2 of ground))
92	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nparts), INTENT(out) :: turnover
93	! is the plant senescent?
94	! (interesting only for deciduous trees: carbohydrate reserve)
95	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(out) :: senescence
96
97	! 0.4 local
98
99	!!$ ! minimum leaf age for senescence (d)
100	!!$ REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: min_leaf_age = 30.
101	! mean age of the leaves (days)
102	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: leaf_meanage
103	! Intermediate variable for turnover
104	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: dturnover
105	! critical moisture availability, function of last year's moisture availability
106	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: moiavail_crit
107	! long term annual mean temperature, C
108	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: tl
109	! critical senescence temperature, function of long term annual temperature (K)
110	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: t_crit
111	! shed the remaining leaves?
112	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts) :: shed_rest
113	! Sapwood conversion (gC/day(m**2 of ground))
114	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: sapconv
115	! old heartwood mass (gC/(m**2 of ground))
116	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: hw_old
117	! new heartwood mass (gC/(m**2 of ground))
118	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: hw_new
119	! old leaf mass (gC/(m**2 of ground))
120	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: lm_old
121	! leaf mass change for each age class
122	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nleafages) :: delta_lm
123	! turnover rate
124	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: turnover_rate
125	! critical leaf age (d)
126	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: leaf_age_crit
127	! instantaneous turnover time
128	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: new_turnover_time
129	! Index
130	INTEGER(i_std) :: j,m
131
132	! =========================================================================
133
134	IF (bavard.GE.3) WRITE(numout,*) 'Entering turnover'
135
136	!
137	! 1 messages
138	!
139
140	IF ( firstcall ) THEN
141
142	WRITE(numout,*) 'turnover:'
143
144	WRITE(numout,*) ' > minimum mean leaf age for senescence (d): ',min_leaf_age_for_senescence
145
146	firstcall = .FALSE.
147
148
149	ENDIF
150
151	!
152	! 2 Initializations
153	!
154
155	!
156	! 2.1 set output to zero
157	!
158
159	turnover(:,:,:) = zero
160	new_turnover_time=zero
161	senescence(:,:) = .FALSE.
162
163	!
164	! 2.2 mean leaf age. Should actually be recalculated at the end of this routine,
165	! but it does not change too fast.
166	!
167
168	leaf_meanage(:,:) = zero
169
170	DO m = 1, nleafages
171	leaf_meanage(:,:) = leaf_meanage(:,:) + leaf_age(:,:,m) * leaf_frac(:,:,m)
172	ENDDO
173
174	!
175	! 3 different types of "climatic" leaf senescence
176	! does not change age structure.
177	!
178
179	DO j = 2,nvm
180
181	!
182	! 3.1 determine if there is climatic senescence
183	!
184
185	SELECT CASE ( senescence_type(j) )
186
187	CASE ( 'cold' )
188
189	! 3.1.1 summergreen species:
190	! monthly temperature low and temperature tendency negative ?
191
192	! critical temperature for senescence may depend on long term annual mean temperature
193	tl(:) = tlong_ref(:) - ZeroCelsius
194	t_crit(:) = ZeroCelsius + senescence_temp(j,1) + &
195	tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,2) + &
196	tl(:)tl(:) senescence_temp(j,3)
197
198	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
199	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
200	( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) )
201
202	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
203
204	ENDWHERE
205
206	CASE ( 'dry' )
207
208	! 3.1.2 raingreen species:
209	! does moisture availability drop below critical level?
210
211	moiavail_crit(:) = &
212	MIN( MAX( minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) + hum_frac(j) * &
213	( maxmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) - minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) ), &
214	senescence_hum(j) ), &
215	nosenescence_hum(j) )
216
217	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
218	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
219	( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ) )
220
221	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
222
223	ENDWHERE
224
225	CASE ( 'mixed' )
226
227	! 3.1.3 mixed criterion:
228	! moisture availability drops below critical level, or
229	! monthly temperature low and temperature tendency negative
230	moiavail_crit(:) = &
231	MIN( MAX( minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) + hum_frac(j) * &
232	( maxmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) - minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) ), &
233	senescence_hum(j) ), &
234	nosenescence_hum(j) )
235	tl(:) = tlong_ref(:) - ZeroCelsius
236	t_crit(:) = ZeroCelsius + senescence_temp(j,1) + &
237	tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,2) + &
238	tl(:)tl(:) senescence_temp(j,3)
239	IF ( tree(j) ) THEN
240
241	! critical temperature for senescence may depend on long term annual mean temperature
242	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
243	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
244	( ( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ) .OR. &
245	( ( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) ) ) )
246	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
247	ENDWHERE
248	ELSE
249	new_turnover_time(:,j)=max_turnover_time(j)+ new_turnover_time_ref
250	WHERE ((moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_month(:,j))&
251	.AND. (moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. nosenescence_hum(j)))
252	new_turnover_time(:,j)=max_turnover_time(j) * &
253	(1.-nosenescence_hum(j)+moiavail_week(:,j)) * &
254	(1.-nosenescence_hum(j)+moiavail_week(:,j)) + &
255	min_turnover_time(j)
256	! new_turnover_time(:,j)=pheno_crit%max_turnover_time(j) * &
257	! moiavail_week(:,j)/ pheno_crit%nosenescence_hum(j) + &
258	! pheno_crit%min_turnover_time(j)
259	ENDWHERE
260	! WHERE ((t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:)+5) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ))
261	! new_turnover_time(:,j)=new_turnover_time(:,j)((t2m_month(:)-t_crit(:))/50.4+0.6)
262	! ENDWHERE
263	! WHERE (new_turnover_time(:,j) .LT. pheno_crit%min_turnover_time(j))
264	! new_turnover_time(:,j)=pheno_crit%min_turnover_time(j)
265	! ENDWHERE
266
267	WHERE (new_turnover_time(:,j) .GT. turnover_time(:,j)*1.1)
268	new_turnover_time(:,j)=max_turnover_time(j)+ new_turnover_time_ref
269	ENDWHERE
270	!!$ WHERE ( ( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) &
271	!!$ & .AND. ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. pheno_crit%min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ))
272	!!$ new_turnover_time(:,j)=pheno_crit%min_turnover_time(j)
273	!!$ ENDWHERE
274	! print *,'t_crit=',t_crit
275
276
277	turnover_time(:,j)=(turnover_time(:,j)*dt_turnover_time/dt+new_turnover_time(:,j))/(dt_turnover_time/dt+1.)
278
279	ENDIF
280
281	CASE ( 'none' )
282
283	! evergreen species: no climatic senescence
284
285	CASE default
286
287	WRITE(numout,*) 'turnover: don''t know how to treat this PFT.'
288	WRITE(numout,*) ' number: ',j
289	WRITE(numout,*) ' senescence type: ',senescence_type(j)
290	STOP
291
292	END SELECT
293
294	!
295	! 3.2 drop leaves and roots, plus stems and fruits for grasses
296	!
297
298	IF ( tree(j) ) THEN
299
300	! 3.2.1 trees
301
302	WHERE ( senescence(:,j) )
303
304	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * dt / leaffall(j)
305	turnover(:,j,iroot) = biomass(:,j,iroot) * dt / leaffall(j)
306
307	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) - turnover(:,j,ileaf)
308	biomass(:,j,iroot) = biomass(:,j,iroot) - turnover(:,j,iroot)
309
310	ENDWHERE
311
312	ELSE
313
314	! 3.2.2 grasses
315	WHERE (turnover_time(:,j) .LT. max_turnover_time(j))
316	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
317	turnover(:,j,isapabove) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
318	turnover(:,j,iroot) = biomass(:,j,iroot) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
319	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
320	ELSEWHERE
321	turnover(:,j,ileaf)= zero
322	turnover(:,j,isapabove) = zero
323	turnover(:,j,iroot) = zero
324	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = zero
325	ENDWHERE
326	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) - turnover(:,j,ileaf)
327	biomass(:,j,isapabove) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) - turnover(:,j,isapabove)
328	biomass(:,j,iroot) = biomass(:,j,iroot) - turnover(:,j,iroot)
329	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - turnover(:,j,ifruit)
330
331	ENDIF ! tree/grass
332
333	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
334
335	!
336	! 4 At a certain age, leaves fall off, even if the climate would allow a green plant
337	! all year round.
338	! Decay rate varies with leaf age.
339	! Roots, fruits (and stems) follow leaves.
340	! Note that plant is not declared senescent in this case (important for allocation:
341	! if the plant loses leaves because of their age, it can renew them).
342	!
343
344	DO j = 2,nvm
345
346	! save old leaf mass
347	lm_old(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf)
348
349	! initialize leaf mass change in age class
350	delta_lm(:,:) = zero
351
352	IF ( tree(j) ) THEN
353
354	!
355	! 4.1 trees: leaves, roots, fruits
356	! roots and fruits follow leaves.
357	!
358
359	! 4.1.1 critical age: prescribed for trees
360
361	leaf_age_crit(:,j) = leafagecrit(j)
362
363	! 4.1.2 loop over leaf age classes
364
365	DO m = 1, nleafages
366	turnover_rate(:) = zero
367	WHERE ( leaf_age(:,j,m) .GT. leaf_age_crit(:,j)/2. )
368
369	turnover_rate(:) = &
370	MIN( 0.99_r_std, dt / ( leaf_age_crit(:,j) * &
371	( leaf_age_crit(:,j) / leaf_age(:,j,m) )**quatre ) )
372
373	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
374	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = turnover(:,j,ileaf) + dturnover(:)
375	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) - dturnover(:)
376
377	! save leaf mass change
378	delta_lm(:,m) = - dturnover(:)
379
380	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,iroot) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
381	turnover(:,j,iroot) = turnover(:,j,iroot) + dturnover(:)
382	biomass(:,j,iroot) = biomass(:,j,iroot) - dturnover(:)
383
384	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
385	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + dturnover(:)
386	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - dturnover(:)
387
388	ENDWHERE
389
390	ENDDO
391
392	ELSE
393
394	!
395	! 4.2 grasses: leaves, roots, fruits, sap.
396	! roots, fruits, and sap follow leaves.
397	!
398
399	! 4.2.1 critical leaf age depends on long-term temperature:
400	! generally, lower turnover in cooler climates.
401
402	leaf_age_crit(:,j) = &
403	MIN( leafagecrit(j) * leaf_age_crit_coeff(1) , &
404	MAX( leafagecrit(j) * leaf_age_crit_coeff(2) , &
405	leafagecrit(j) - leaf_age_crit_coeff(3) * &
406	( tlong_ref(:)-ZeroCelsius - leaf_age_crit_tref ) ) )
407
408	! 4.2.2 loop over leaf age classes
409
410	DO m = 1, nleafages
411
412	WHERE ( leaf_age(:,j,m) .GT. leaf_age_crit(:,j)/2. )
413
414	turnover_rate(:) = &
415	MIN( 0.99_r_std, dt / ( leaf_age_crit(:,j) * &
416	( leaf_age_crit(:,j) / leaf_age(:,j,m) )**quatre ) )
417
418	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
419	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = turnover(:,j,ileaf) + dturnover(:)
420	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) - dturnover(:)
421
422	! save leaf mass change
423	delta_lm(:,m) = - dturnover(:)
424
425	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
426	turnover(:,j,isapabove) = turnover(:,j,isapabove) + dturnover(:)
427	biomass(:,j,isapabove) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) - dturnover(:)
428
429	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,iroot) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
430	turnover(:,j,iroot) = turnover(:,j,iroot) + dturnover(:)
431	biomass(:,j,iroot) = biomass(:,j,iroot) - dturnover(:)
432
433	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
434	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + dturnover(:)
435	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - dturnover(:)
436
437	ENDWHERE
438
439
440	ENDDO
441
442	ENDIF ! tree/grass ?
443
444	!
445	! 4.3 recalculate fraction in each leaf age class
446	! new fraction = new leaf mass of that fraction / new total leaf mass
447	! = ( old fraction*old total leaf mass + biomass change of that fraction ) /
448	! new total leaf mass
449	!
450
451	DO m = 1, nleafages
452
453	WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero )
454	leaf_frac(:,j,m) = ( leaf_frac(:,j,m)*lm_old(:) + delta_lm(:,m) ) / biomass(:,j,ileaf)
455	ELSEWHERE
456	leaf_frac(:,j,m) = zero
457	ENDWHERE
458
459	ENDDO
460
461	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
462
463	!
464	! 5 new (provisional) lai
465	!
466
467	! lai(:,ibare_sechiba) = zero
468	! DO j = 2, nvm
469	! lai(:,j) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * sla(j)
470	! ENDDO
471
472	!
473	! 6 definitely drop leaves if very low leaf mass during senescence.
474	! Also drop fruits and loose fine roots.
475	! Set lai to zero if necessary
476	! Check whether leaf regrowth is immediately allowed.
477	!
478
479	DO j = 2,nvm
480
481	shed_rest(:) = .FALSE.
482
483	!
484	! 6.1 deciduous trees
485	!
486
487	IF ( tree(j) .AND. ( senescence_type(j) .NE. 'none' ) ) THEN
488
489	! check whether we shed the remaining leaves
490
491	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero ) .AND. senescence(:,j) .AND. &
492	( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .LT. (lai_initmin(j) / 2.)/sla(j) ) )
493
494	shed_rest(:) = .TRUE.
495
496	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = turnover(:,j,ileaf) + biomass(:,j,ileaf)
497	turnover(:,j,iroot) = turnover(:,j,iroot) + biomass(:,j,iroot)
498	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + biomass(:,j,ifruit)
499
500	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = zero
501	biomass(:,j,iroot) = zero
502	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = zero
503
504
505
506	! reset leaf age
507	leaf_meanage(:,j) = zero
508
509	ENDWHERE
510
511	ENDIF
512
513	!
514	! 6.2 grasses: also convert stems
515	!
516
517	IF ( .NOT. tree(j) ) THEN
518
519	! Shed the remaining leaves if LAI very low.
520
521	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero ) .AND. senescence(:,j) .AND. &
522	( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .LT. (lai_initmin(j) / 2.)/sla(j) ))
523
524	shed_rest(:) = .TRUE.
525
526	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = turnover(:,j,ileaf) + biomass(:,j,ileaf)
527	turnover(:,j,isapabove) = turnover(:,j,isapabove) + biomass(:,j,isapabove)
528	turnover(:,j,iroot) = turnover(:,j,iroot) + biomass(:,j,iroot)
529	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + biomass(:,j,ifruit)
530
531	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = zero
532	biomass(:,j,isapabove) = zero
533	biomass(:,j,iroot) = zero
534	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = zero
535
536
537
538	! reset leaf age
539	leaf_meanage(:,j) = zero
540
541	ENDWHERE
542
543	ENDIF
544
545	!
546	! 6.3 reset leaf age structure
547	!
548
549	DO m = 1, nleafages
550
551	WHERE ( shed_rest(:) )
552
553	leaf_age(:,j,m) = zero
554	leaf_frac(:,j,m) = zero
555
556	ENDWHERE
557
558	ENDDO
559
560	ENDDO
561
562	!
563	! 7 Elephants, cows, gazelles. No lions.
564	! Does not modify leaf age structure.
565	!
566
567	IF ( ok_herbivores ) THEN
568
569	! herbivore activity allowed. Eat when there are leaves. Otherwise,
570	! there won't be many fruits anyway.
571
572	DO j = 2,nvm
573
574	IF ( tree(j) ) THEN
575
576	! trees: only leaves and fruits are affected
577
578	WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero )
579	! added by shilong
580	WHERE (herbivores(:,j).GT. zero)
581	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
582	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = turnover(:,j,ileaf) + dturnover(:)
583	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) - dturnover(:)
584
585	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
586	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + dturnover(:)
587	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - dturnover(:)
588	ENDWHERE
589	ENDWHERE
590
591	ELSE
592
593	! grasses: the whole biomass above the ground: leaves, fruits, stems
594
595	WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf) .GT. zero )
596	! added by shilong
597	WHERE (herbivores(:,j) .GT. zero)
598	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
599	turnover(:,j,ileaf) = turnover(:,j,ileaf) + dturnover(:)
600	biomass(:,j,ileaf) = biomass(:,j,ileaf) - dturnover(:)
601
602	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
603	turnover(:,j,isapabove) = turnover(:,j,isapabove) + dturnover(:)
604	biomass(:,j,isapabove) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) - dturnover(:)
605
606	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
607	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + dturnover(:)
608	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - dturnover(:)
609	ENDWHERE
610
611	ENDWHERE
612
613	ENDIF ! tree/grass?
614
615	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
616
617	ENDIF
618
619	!
620	! 8 fruit turnover for trees
621	!
622
623	DO j = 2,nvm
624
625	IF ( tree(j) ) THEN
626
627	!SZ correction of a mass destroying bug
628	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * dt / tau_fruit(j)
629	turnover(:,j,ifruit) = turnover(:,j,ifruit) + dturnover(:)
630	biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - dturnover(:)
631	!!$ turnover(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) * dt / tau_fruit(j)
632	!!$ biomass(:,j,ifruit) = biomass(:,j,ifruit) - turnover(:,j,ifruit)
633
634	ENDIF
635
636	ENDDO
637
638	!
639	! 9 Conversion of sapwood to heartwood
640	! This is not added to "turnover" as the biomass is not lost!
641	!
642
643	DO j = 2,nvm
644
645	IF ( tree(j) ) THEN
646
647	! for age calculations
648
649	IF ( .NOT. control%ok_dgvm ) THEN
650	hw_old(:) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove) + biomass(:,j,iheartbelow)
651	ENDIF
652
653	!
654	! 9.1 Calculate the rate of conversion and update masses
655	!
656
657	! above the ground
658
659	sapconv(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) * dt / tau_sap(j)
660	biomass(:,j,isapabove) = biomass(:,j,isapabove) - sapconv(:)
661	biomass(:,j,iheartabove) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove) + sapconv(:)
662
663	! below the ground
664
665	sapconv(:) = biomass(:,j,isapbelow) * dt / tau_sap(j)
666	biomass(:,j,isapbelow) = biomass(:,j,isapbelow) - sapconv(:)
667	biomass(:,j,iheartbelow) = biomass(:,j,iheartbelow) + sapconv(:)
668
669
670	!
671	! 9.2 If vegetation is not dynamic, identify the age of the heartwood
672	! to the age of the whole tree (otherwise, the age of the tree is
673	! treated in the establishment routine).
674	! Creation of new heartwood decreases the age of the plant.
675	!
676
677	IF ( .NOT. control%ok_dgvm ) THEN
678
679	hw_new(:) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove) + biomass(:,j,iheartbelow)
680
681	WHERE ( hw_new(:) .GT. zero )
682
683	age(:,j) = age(:,j) * hw_old(:)/hw_new(:)
684
685	ENDWHERE
686
687	ENDIF
688
689	ENDIF
690
691	ENDDO
692
693	!
694	! history
695	!
696
697	CALL histwrite (hist_id_stomate, 'LEAF_AGE', itime, &
698	leaf_meanage, npts*nvm, horipft_index)
699	CALL histwrite (hist_id_stomate, 'HERBIVORES', itime, &
700	herbivores, npts*nvm, horipft_index)
701
702	IF (bavard.GE.4) WRITE(numout,*) 'Leaving turnover'
703
704	END SUBROUTINE turn
705
706	END MODULE stomate_turnover

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