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sbcblk_core.F90 @ 10900

Last change on this file since 10900 was 10900, checked in by anaguiar, 5 years ago
Changes to allow checking qns balance and if all terms are correctly evaluated - Test 4 described in https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/gmed/ticket/454#comment:2
File size: 51.4 KB

Rev	Line
[888]	1	MODULE sbcblk_core
	2	!!======================================================================
	3	!! * MODULE sbcblk_core *
	4	!! Ocean forcing: momentum, heat and freshwater flux formulation
	5	!!=====================================================================
[1482]	6	!! History : 1.0 ! 2004-08 (U. Schweckendiek) Original code
[4990]	7	!! 2.0 ! 2005-04 (L. Brodeau, A.M. Treguier) additions:
[1482]	8	!! - new bulk routine for efficiency
	9	!! - WINDS ARE NOW ASSUMED TO BE AT T POINTS in input files !!!!
[4990]	10	!! - file names and file characteristics in namelist
	11	!! - Implement reading of 6-hourly fields
	12	!! 3.0 ! 2006-06 (G. Madec) sbc rewritting
	13	!! - ! 2006-12 (L. Brodeau) Original code for turb_core_2z
[1482]	14	!! 3.2 ! 2009-04 (B. Lemaire) Introduce iom_put
[2528]	15	!! 3.3 ! 2010-10 (S. Masson) add diurnal cycle
[3294]	16	!! 3.4 ! 2011-11 (C. Harris) Fill arrays required by CICE
[4990]	17	!! 3.7 ! 2014-06 (L. Brodeau) simplification and optimization of CORE bulk
[888]	18	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
	19
	20	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	21	!! sbc_blk_core : bulk formulation as ocean surface boundary condition (forced mode, CORE bulk formulea)
	22	!! blk_oce_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ocean
	23	!! blk_ice_core : computes momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes over ice
	24	!! turb_core_2z : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients
	25	!! cd_neutral_10m : Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m
	26	!! psi_m : universal profile stability function for momentum
	27	!! psi_h : universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
[888]	28	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
	29	USE oce ! ocean dynamics and tracers
	30	USE dom_oce ! ocean space and time domain
	31	USE phycst ! physical constants
	32	USE fldread ! read input fields
	33	USE sbc_oce ! Surface boundary condition: ocean fields
[3680]	34	USE cyclone ! Cyclone 10m wind form trac of cyclone centres
[2528]	35	USE sbcdcy ! surface boundary condition: diurnal cycle
[888]	36	USE iom ! I/O manager library
	37	USE in_out_manager ! I/O manager
	38	USE lib_mpp ! distribued memory computing library
[3294]	39	USE wrk_nemo ! work arrays
	40	USE timing ! Timing
[888]	41	USE lbclnk ! ocean lateral boundary conditions (or mpp link)
	42	USE prtctl ! Print control
[4990]	43	USE sbcwave, ONLY : cdn_wave ! wave module
[1465]	44	USE sbc_ice ! Surface boundary condition: ice fields
[4161]	45	USE lib_fortran ! to use key_nosignedzero
[5407]	46	#if defined key_lim3
	47	USE ice, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice, jpl, pfrld, a_i_b
	48	USE limthd_dh ! for CALL lim_thd_snwblow
	49	#elif defined key_lim2
	50	USE ice_2, ONLY : u_ice, v_ice
	51	USE par_ice_2
	52	#endif
[888]	53
	54	IMPLICIT NONE
	55	PRIVATE
	56
[2715]	57	PUBLIC sbc_blk_core ! routine called in sbcmod module
[5407]	58	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
	59	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_tau ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
	60	PUBLIC blk_ice_core_flx ! routine called in sbc_ice_lim module
	61	#endif
[3294]	62	PUBLIC turb_core_2z ! routine calles in sbcblk_mfs module
[2715]	63
[4990]	64	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jpfld = 9 ! maximum number of files to read
[888]	65	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndi = 1 ! index of 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
	66	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_wndj = 2 ! index of 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
[3625]	67	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_humi = 3 ! index of specific humidity ( % )
[888]	68	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qsr = 4 ! index of solar heat (W/m2)
	69	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_qlw = 5 ! index of Long wave (W/m2)
	70	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tair = 6 ! index of 10m air temperature (Kelvin)
	71	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_prec = 7 ! index of total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
	72	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_snow = 8 ! index of snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
[1705]	73	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: jp_tdif = 9 ! index of tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point
[4990]	74
[888]	75	TYPE(FLD), ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! structure of input fields (file informations, fields read)
[4990]	76
[1601]	77	! !!! CORE bulk parameters
[888]	78	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: rhoa = 1.22 ! air density
	79	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cpa = 1000.5 ! specific heat of air
	80	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Lv = 2.5e6 ! latent heat of vaporization
	81	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Ls = 2.839e6 ! latent heat of sublimation
	82	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Stef = 5.67e-8 ! Stefan Boltzmann constant
[4161]	83	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: Cice = 1.4e-3 ! iovi 1.63e-3 ! transfer coefficient over ice
[3625]	84	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: albo = 0.066 ! ocean albedo assumed to be constant
[888]	85
[2528]	86	! !!* Namelist namsbc_core : CORE bulk parameters
[4147]	87	LOGICAL :: ln_taudif ! logical flag to use the "mean of stress module - module of mean stress" data
	88	REAL(wp) :: rn_pfac ! multiplication factor for precipitation
[4161]	89	REAL(wp) :: rn_efac ! multiplication factor for evaporation (clem)
	90	REAL(wp) :: rn_vfac ! multiplication factor for ice/ocean velocity in the calculation of wind stress (clem)
[4245]	91	REAL(wp) :: rn_zqt ! z(q,t) : height of humidity and temperature measurements
	92	REAL(wp) :: rn_zu ! z(u) : height of wind measurements
[9288]	93	REAL(wp), PUBLIC :: rn_sfac ! multiplication factor for snow precipitation over sea-ice
[888]	94
	95	!! * Substitutions
	96	# include "domzgr_substitute.h90"
	97	# include "vectopt_loop_substitute.h90"
	98	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	99	!! NEMO/OPA 3.7 , NEMO-consortium (2014)
[1156]	100	!! $Id$
[2528]	101	!! Software governed by the CeCILL licence (NEMOGCM/NEMO_CeCILL.txt)
[888]	102	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
	103	CONTAINS
	104
	105	SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core( kt )
	106	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
	107	!! * ROUTINE sbc_blk_core *
[4990]	108	!!
[888]	109	!! ** Purpose : provide at each time step the surface ocean fluxes
[4990]	110	!! (momentum, heat, freshwater and runoff)
[888]	111	!!
[1695]	112	!! ** Method : (1) READ each fluxes in NetCDF files:
	113	!! the 10m wind velocity (i-component) (m/s) at T-point
	114	!! the 10m wind velocity (j-component) (m/s) at T-point
[3625]	115	!! the 10m or 2m specific humidity ( % )
[1695]	116	!! the solar heat (W/m2)
	117	!! the Long wave (W/m2)
[3625]	118	!! the 10m or 2m air temperature (Kelvin)
[1695]	119	!! the total precipitation (rain+snow) (Kg/m2/s)
	120	!! the snow (solid prcipitation) (kg/m2/s)
[3625]	121	!! the tau diff associated to HF tau (N/m2) at T-point (ln_taudif=T)
[1695]	122	!! (2) CALL blk_oce_core
[888]	123	!!
	124	!! C A U T I O N : never mask the surface stress fields
[3625]	125	!! the stress is assumed to be in the (i,j) mesh referential
[888]	126	!!
	127	!! ** Action : defined at each time-step at the air-sea interface
[1695]	128	!! - utau, vtau i- and j-component of the wind stress
[4990]	129	!! - taum wind stress module at T-point
	130	!! - wndm wind speed module at T-point over free ocean or leads in presence of sea-ice
[3625]	131	!! - qns, qsr non-solar and solar heat fluxes
	132	!! - emp upward mass flux (evapo. - precip.)
	133	!! - sfx salt flux due to freezing/melting (non-zero only if ice is present)
	134	!! (set in limsbc(_2).F90)
[4990]	135	!!
	136	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
	137	!! Brodeau et al. Ocean Modelling 2010
[888]	138	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
[2715]	139	INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: kt ! ocean time step
[4990]	140	!
[888]	141	INTEGER :: ierror ! return error code
[1200]	142	INTEGER :: ifpr ! dummy loop indice
[1705]	143	INTEGER :: jfld ! dummy loop arguments
[4147]	144	INTEGER :: ios ! Local integer output status for namelist read
[4990]	145	!
[888]	146	CHARACTER(len=100) :: cn_dir ! Root directory for location of core files
	147	TYPE(FLD_N), DIMENSION(jpfld) :: slf_i ! array of namelist informations on the fields to read
[4161]	148	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi, sn_qsr ! informations about the fields to be read
	149	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec, sn_snow ! " "
	150	TYPE(FLD_N) :: sn_tdif ! " "
[4990]	151	NAMELIST/namsbc_core/ cn_dir , ln_taudif, rn_pfac, rn_efac, rn_vfac, &
[1705]	152	& sn_wndi, sn_wndj, sn_humi , sn_qsr , &
[4245]	153	& sn_qlw , sn_tair, sn_prec , sn_snow, &
[9288]	154	& sn_tdif, rn_zqt, rn_zu, rn_sfac
[888]	155	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	156	!
[888]	157	! ! ====================== !
	158	IF( kt == nit000 ) THEN ! First call kt=nit000 !
	159	! ! ====================== !
[1601]	160	!
[9288]	161	rn_sfac = 1._wp ! Default to one if missing from namelist
[4147]	162	REWIND( numnam_ref ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in reference namelist : CORE bulk parameters
	163	READ ( numnam_ref, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 901)
	164	901 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in reference namelist', lwp )
[4990]	165	!
[4147]	166	REWIND( numnam_cfg ) ! Namelist namsbc_core in configuration namelist : CORE bulk parameters
	167	READ ( numnam_cfg, namsbc_core, IOSTAT = ios, ERR = 902 )
	168	902 IF( ios /= 0 ) CALL ctl_nam ( ios , 'namsbc_core in configuration namelist', lwp )
	169
[4990]	170	IF(lwm) WRITE( numond, namsbc_core )
[2528]	171	! ! check: do we plan to use ln_dm2dc with non-daily forcing?
[4990]	172	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%nfreqh /= 24 ) &
	173	& CALL ctl_stop( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc can be activated only with daily short-wave forcing' )
[2528]	174	IF( ln_dm2dc .AND. sn_qsr%ln_tint ) THEN
	175	CALL ctl_warn( 'sbc_blk_core: ln_dm2dc is taking care of the temporal interpolation of daily qsr', &
[4990]	176	& ' ==> We force time interpolation = .false. for qsr' )
[2528]	177	sn_qsr%ln_tint = .false.
	178	ENDIF
	179	! ! store namelist information in an array
[888]	180	slf_i(jp_wndi) = sn_wndi ; slf_i(jp_wndj) = sn_wndj
	181	slf_i(jp_qsr ) = sn_qsr ; slf_i(jp_qlw ) = sn_qlw
	182	slf_i(jp_tair) = sn_tair ; slf_i(jp_humi) = sn_humi
	183	slf_i(jp_prec) = sn_prec ; slf_i(jp_snow) = sn_snow
[1705]	184	slf_i(jp_tdif) = sn_tdif
[4990]	185	!
[2528]	186	lhftau = ln_taudif ! do we use HF tau information?
[1705]	187	jfld = jpfld - COUNT( (/.NOT. lhftau/) )
	188	!
[2528]	189	ALLOCATE( sf(jfld), STAT=ierror ) ! set sf structure
[2715]	190	IF( ierror > 0 ) CALL ctl_stop( 'STOP', 'sbc_blk_core: unable to allocate sf structure' )
[1705]	191	DO ifpr= 1, jfld
[2528]	192	ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fnow(jpi,jpj,1) )
[2715]	193	IF( slf_i(ifpr)%ln_tint ) ALLOCATE( sf(ifpr)%fdta(jpi,jpj,1,2) )
[1200]	194	END DO
[2528]	195	! ! fill sf with slf_i and control print
	196	CALL fld_fill( sf, slf_i, cn_dir, 'sbc_blk_core', 'flux formulation for ocean surface boundary condition', 'namsbc_core' )
[1601]	197	!
[3625]	198	sfx(:,:) = 0._wp ! salt flux; zero unless ice is present (computed in limsbc(_2).F90)
	199	!
[888]	200	ENDIF
	201
[3625]	202	CALL fld_read( kt, nn_fsbc, sf ) ! input fields provided at the current time-step
[888]	203
[3625]	204	! ! compute the surface ocean fluxes using CORE bulk formulea
[3680]	205	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) CALL blk_oce_core( kt, sf, sst_m, ssu_m, ssv_m )
[3294]	206
	207	#if defined key_cice
	208	IF( MOD( kt - 1, nn_fsbc ) == 0 ) THEN
	209	qlw_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1)
[6823]	210	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) )
	211	ELSE ; qsr_ice(:,:,1) = sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1)
	212	ENDIF
[3294]	213	tatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1)
	214	qatm_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1)
	215	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
	216	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac
	217	wndi_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(:,:,1)
	218	wndj_ice(:,:) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(:,:,1)
	219	ENDIF
	220	#endif
[2528]	221	!
[888]	222	END SUBROUTINE sbc_blk_core
	223
	224
[3680]	225	SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core( kt, sf, pst, pu, pv )
[888]	226	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
	227	!! * ROUTINE blk_core *
	228	!!
	229	!! ** Purpose : provide the momentum, heat and freshwater fluxes at
	230	!! the ocean surface at each time step
	231	!!
	232	!! ** Method : CORE bulk formulea for the ocean using atmospheric
	233	!! fields read in sbc_read
	234	!!
	235	!! ** Outputs : - utau : i-component of the stress at U-point (N/m2)
	236	!! - vtau : j-component of the stress at V-point (N/m2)
[1695]	237	!! - taum : Wind stress module at T-point (N/m2)
	238	!! - wndm : Wind speed module at T-point (m/s)
[888]	239	!! - qsr : Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
	240	!! - qns : Non Solar heat flux over the ocean (W/m2)
[3625]	241	!! - emp : evaporation minus precipitation (kg/m2/s)
[1242]	242	!!
	243	!! ** Nota : sf has to be a dummy argument for AGRIF on NEC
[888]	244	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
[3680]	245	INTEGER , INTENT(in ) :: kt ! time step index
	246	TYPE(fld), INTENT(inout), DIMENSION(:) :: sf ! input data
	247	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pst ! surface temperature [Celcius]
	248	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pu ! surface current at U-point (i-component) [m/s]
	249	REAL(wp) , INTENT(in) , DIMENSION(:,:) :: pv ! surface current at V-point (j-component) [m/s]
[2715]	250	!
	251	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
	252	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_qsatw, zztmp ! local variable
[3294]	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zwnd_i, zwnd_j ! wind speed components at T-point
	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zqsatw ! specific humidity at pst
[10879]	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zevap ! evaporation
[3294]	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce ! tansfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zst ! surface temperature in Kelvin
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zt_zu ! air temperature at wind speed height
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zq_zu ! air spec. hum. at wind speed height
[888]	262	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
[2715]	263	!
[3294]	264	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_oce_core')
	265	!
[10879]	266	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zevap )
[3294]	267	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
	268	!
[888]	269	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
	270	zcoef_qsatw = 0.98 * 640380. / rhoa
	271
[3625]	272	zst(:,:) = pst(:,:) + rt0 ! convert SST from Celcius to Kelvin (and set minimum value far above 0 K)
[888]	273
	274	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
	275	! 0 Wind components and module at T-point relative to the moving ocean !
	276	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
[1000]	277
[888]	278	! ... components ( U10m - U_oce ) at T-point (unmasked)
	279	zwnd_i(:,:) = 0.e0
	280	zwnd_j(:,:) = 0.e0
[3680]	281	#if defined key_cyclone
[4990]	282	CALL wnd_cyc( kt, zwnd_i, zwnd_j ) ! add analytical tropical cyclone (Vincent et al. JGR 2012)
[3680]	283	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
	284	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
	285	sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_i(ji,jj)
	286	sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) + zwnd_j(ji,jj)
	287	END DO
	288	END DO
	289	#endif
[888]	290	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
	291	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
[4161]	292	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pu(ji-1,jj ) + pu(ji,jj) ) )
	293	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( pv(ji ,jj-1) + pv(ji,jj) ) )
[888]	294	END DO
	295	END DO
	296	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_i(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
	297	CALL lbc_lnk( zwnd_j(:,:) , 'T', -1. )
	298	! ... scalar wind ( = \| U10m - U_oce \| ) at T-point (masked)
[1025]	299	wndm(:,:) = SQRT( zwnd_i(:,:) * zwnd_i(:,:) &
	300	& + zwnd_j(:,:) * zwnd_j(:,:) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
[888]	301
	302	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
	303	! I Radiative FLUXES !
	304	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
[4990]	305
[2528]	306	! ocean albedo assumed to be constant + modify now Qsr to include the diurnal cycle ! Short Wave
	307	zztmp = 1. - albo
	308	IF( ln_dm2dc ) THEN ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sbc_dcy( sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * tmask(:,:,1)
	309	ELSE ; qsr(:,:) = zztmp * sf(jp_qsr)%fnow(:,:,1) * tmask(:,:,1)
	310	ENDIF
[5385]	311
[10879]	312	qlw(:,:) = ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(:,:,1) - Stef * zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:)zst(:,:) ) tmask(:,:,1) ! Long Wave
[888]	313	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
	314	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
	315	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
	316
	317	! ... specific humidity at SST and IST
[4990]	318	zqsatw(:,:) = zcoef_qsatw * EXP( -5107.4 / zst(:,:) )
[888]	319
	320	! ... NCAR Bulk formulae, computation of Cd, Ch, Ce at T-point :
[4990]	321	CALL turb_core_2z( rn_zqt, rn_zu, zst, sf(jp_tair)%fnow, zqsatw, sf(jp_humi)%fnow, wndm, &
	322	& Cd, Ch, Ce, zt_zu, zq_zu )
	323
[1695]	324	! ... tau module, i and j component
	325	DO jj = 1, jpj
	326	DO ji = 1, jpi
	327	zztmp = rhoa * wndm(ji,jj) * Cd(ji,jj)
	328	taum (ji,jj) = zztmp * wndm (ji,jj)
	329	zwnd_i(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_i(ji,jj)
	330	zwnd_j(ji,jj) = zztmp * zwnd_j(ji,jj)
	331	END DO
	332	END DO
[1705]	333
	334	! ... add the HF tau contribution to the wind stress module?
[4990]	335	IF( lhftau ) THEN
[2528]	336	taum(:,:) = taum(:,:) + sf(jp_tdif)%fnow(:,:,1)
[1705]	337	ENDIF
	338	CALL iom_put( "taum_oce", taum ) ! output wind stress module
	339
[888]	340	! ... utau, vtau at U- and V_points, resp.
	341	! Note the use of 0.5*(2-umask) in order to unmask the stress along coastlines
[4990]	342	! Note the use of MAX(tmask(i,j),tmask(i+1,j) is to mask tau over ice shelves
[888]	343	DO jj = 1, jpjm1
	344	DO ji = 1, fs_jpim1
[4990]	345	utau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - umask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_i(ji,jj) + zwnd_i(ji+1,jj ) ) &
	346	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji+1,jj,1))
	347	vtau(ji,jj) = 0.5 * ( 2. - vmask(ji,jj,1) ) * ( zwnd_j(ji,jj) + zwnd_j(ji ,jj+1) ) &
	348	& * MAX(tmask(ji,jj,1),tmask(ji,jj+1,1))
[888]	349	END DO
	350	END DO
	351	CALL lbc_lnk( utau(:,:), 'U', -1. )
	352	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau(:,:), 'V', -1. )
	353
[4990]	354
[888]	355	! Turbulent fluxes over ocean
	356	! -----------------------------
[4990]	357	IF( ABS( rn_zu - rn_zqt) < 0.01_wp ) THEN
	358	!! q_air and t_air are (or "are almost") given at 10m (wind reference height)
	359	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
[10879]	360	qsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
[888]	361	ELSE
[4990]	362	!! q_air and t_air are not given at 10m (wind reference height)
	363	! Values of temp. and hum. adjusted to height of wind during bulk algorithm iteration must be used!!!
	364	zevap(:,:) = rn_efacMAX( 0._wp, rhoaCe(:,:)( zqsatw(:,:) - zq_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ) ! Evaporation
[10879]	365	qsb (:,:) = cparhoaCh(:,:)( zst (:,:) - zt_zu(:,:) )wndm(:,:) ! Sensible Heat
[888]	366	ENDIF
[10879]	367	qla (:,:) = Lv * zevap(:,:) ! Latent Heat
[888]	368
	369	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
[10879]	370	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=qla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qla : ', tab2d_2=Ce , clinfo2=' Ce : ' )
	371	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=qsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qsb : ', tab2d_2=Ch , clinfo2=' Ch : ' )
	372	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=qlw , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qlw : ', tab2d_2=qsr, clinfo2=' qsr : ' )
[1025]	373	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zqsatw, clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zqsatw : ', tab2d_2=zst, clinfo2=' zst : ' )
	374	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
	375	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
	376	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=wndm , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: wndm : ')
	377	CALL prt_ctl( tab2d_1=zst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: zst : ')
[888]	378	ENDIF
	379
	380	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
	381	! III Total FLUXES !
	382	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
[4990]	383	!
[3625]	384	emp (:,:) = ( zevap(:,:) & ! mass flux (evap. - precip.)
	385	& - sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ) * tmask(:,:,1)
[5407]	386	!
[10879]	387	qns(:,:) = qlw(:,:) - qsb(:,:) - qla(:,:) & ! Downward Non Solar
[3772]	388	& - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus & ! remove latent melting heat for solid precip
	389	& - zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp & ! remove evap heat content at SST
	390	& + ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! add liquid precip heat content at Tair
[4990]	391	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp &
[3772]	392	& + sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! add solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
[4990]	393	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
[10900]	394	! Compute and output the individual terms of non solar heat content
	395	! in order to check if qlw, qla, qsb are correctly evaluated
	396	qlasprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac * lfus ! latent melting heat for solid precip
	397	qevapsst(:,:) = zevap(:,:) * pst(:,:) * rcp ! evap heat content at SST
	398	qlprecip(:,:) = ( sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) - sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) ) * rn_pfac & ! liquid precip heat content at Tair
	399	& * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp
	400	qsprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac & ! solid precip heat content at min(Tair,Tsnow)
	401	& * ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1)
[888]	402	!
[5407]	403	#if defined key_lim3
[10879]	404	qns_oce(:,:) = qlw(:,:) - qsb(:,:) - qla(:,:) ! non solar without emp (only needed by LIM3)
[5407]	405	qsr_oce(:,:) = qsr(:,:)
	406	#endif
[1482]	407	!
[5407]	408	IF ( nn_ice == 0 ) THEN
[10879]	409	CALL iom_put( "qlw_oce" , qlw ) ! output downward longwave heat over the ocean
	410	CALL iom_put( "qsb_oce" , - qsb ) ! output downward sensible heat over the ocean
	411	CALL iom_put( "qla_oce" , - qla ) ! output downward latent heat over the ocean
	412	CALL iom_put( "qemp_oce", qns-qlw+qsb+qla ) ! output downward heat content of E-P over the ocean
	413	CALL iom_put( "qns_oce" , qns ) ! output downward non solar heat over the ocean
	414	CALL iom_put( "qsr_oce" , qsr ) ! output downward solar heat over the ocean
	415	CALL iom_put( "qt_oce" , qns+qsr ) ! output total downward heat over the ocean
	416	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
	417	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! output solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
	418	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow
	419	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
[5407]	420	ENDIF
	421	!
[1482]	422	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
[10879]	423	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=qsb , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qsb : ', tab2d_2=qlw , clinfo2=' qlw : ')
	424	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=qla , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: qla : ', tab2d_2=qsr , clinfo2=' qsr : ')
[1482]	425	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=pst , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: pst : ', tab2d_2=emp , clinfo2=' emp : ')
	426	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau , clinfo1=' blk_oce_core: utau : ', mask1=umask, &
	427	& tab2d_2=vtau , clinfo2= ' vtau : ' , mask2=vmask )
	428	ENDIF
	429	!
[10879]	430	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zwnd_i, zwnd_j, zqsatw, zevap )
[3294]	431	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, Cd, Ch, Ce, zst, zt_zu, zq_zu )
[2715]	432	!
[3294]	433	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_oce_core')
	434	!
[888]	435	END SUBROUTINE blk_oce_core
[4306]	436
[888]	437
[5407]	438	#if defined key_lim2 \|\| defined key_lim3
	439	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
[888]	440	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
[5407]	441	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau *
[888]	442	!!
	443	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
	444	!!
[5407]	445	!! ** Method : compute momentum using CORE bulk
	446	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmospheric fields.
[888]	447	!! NB: ice drag coefficient is assumed to be a constant
	448	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
[5407]	449	INTEGER :: ji, jj ! dummy loop indices
	450	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_wnorm, zcoef_wnorm2
	451	REAL(wp) :: zwnorm_f, zwndi_f , zwndj_f ! relative wind module and components at F-point
	452	REAL(wp) :: zwndi_t , zwndj_t ! relative wind components at T-point
[888]	453	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
[3294]	454	!
[5407]	455	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_tau')
[3294]	456	!
[888]	457	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
[2528]	458	zcoef_wnorm = rhoa * Cice
[888]	459	zcoef_wnorm2 = rhoa * Cice * 0.5
	460
	461	!!gm brutal....
[5407]	462	utau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
	463	vtau_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
	464	wndm_ice (:,:) = 0._wp
[888]	465	!!gm end
	466
	467	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
	468	! Wind components and module relative to the moving ocean ( U10m - U_ice ) !
	469	! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !
[5407]	470	SELECT CASE( cp_ice_msh )
[2528]	471	CASE( 'I' ) ! B-grid ice dynamics : I-point (i.e. F-point with sea-ice indexation)
[888]	472	! and scalar wind at T-point ( = \| U10m - U_ice \| ) (masked)
	473	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
[2528]	474	DO ji = 2, jpim1 ! B grid : NO vector opt
[888]	475	! ... scalar wind at I-point (fld being at T-point)
[2528]	476	zwndi_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
[5407]	477	& + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj)
[2528]	478	zwndj_f = 0.25 * ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj ,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj ,1) &
[5407]	479	& + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji-1,jj-1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji ,jj-1,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj)
[888]	480	zwnorm_f = zcoef_wnorm * SQRT( zwndi_f * zwndi_f + zwndj_f * zwndj_f )
	481	! ... ice stress at I-point
[5407]	482	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndi_f
	483	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zwnorm_f * zwndj_f
[888]	484	! ... scalar wind at T-point (fld being at T-point)
[5407]	485	zwndi_t = sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( u_ice(ji,jj+1) + u_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
	486	& + u_ice(ji,jj ) + u_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
	487	zwndj_t = sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.25 * ( v_ice(ji,jj+1) + v_ice(ji+1,jj+1) &
	488	& + v_ice(ji,jj ) + v_ice(ji+1,jj ) )
	489	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
[888]	490	END DO
	491	END DO
[5407]	492	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'I', -1. )
	493	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'I', -1. )
	494	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
[888]	495	!
	496	CASE( 'C' ) ! C-grid ice dynamics : U & V-points (same as ocean)
	497	DO jj = 2, jpj
	498	DO ji = fs_2, jpi ! vect. opt.
[5407]	499	zwndi_t = ( sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( u_ice(ji-1,jj ) + u_ice(ji,jj) ) )
	500	zwndj_t = ( sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - rn_vfac * 0.5 * ( v_ice(ji ,jj-1) + v_ice(ji,jj) ) )
	501	wndm_ice(ji,jj) = SQRT( zwndi_t * zwndi_t + zwndj_t * zwndj_t ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
[888]	502	END DO
	503	END DO
	504	DO jj = 2, jpjm1
	505	DO ji = fs_2, fs_jpim1 ! vect. opt.
[5407]	506	utau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji+1,jj ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
	507	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji+1,jj,1) + sf(jp_wndi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * u_ice(ji,jj) )
	508	vtau_ice(ji,jj) = zcoef_wnorm2 * ( wndm_ice(ji,jj+1 ) + wndm_ice(ji,jj) ) &
	509	& * ( 0.5 * (sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj+1,1) + sf(jp_wndj)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) - rn_vfac * v_ice(ji,jj) )
[888]	510	END DO
	511	END DO
[5407]	512	CALL lbc_lnk( utau_ice, 'U', -1. )
	513	CALL lbc_lnk( vtau_ice, 'V', -1. )
	514	CALL lbc_lnk( wndm_ice, 'T', 1. )
[888]	515	!
	516	END SELECT
	517
[5407]	518	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
	519	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=utau_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: utau_ice : ', tab2d_2=vtau_ice , clinfo2=' vtau_ice : ')
	520	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=wndm_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: wndm_ice : ')
	521	ENDIF
	522
	523	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_tau')
	524
	525	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_tau
	526
	527
	528	SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx( ptsu, palb )
	529	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
	530	!! * ROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx *
	531	!!
	532	!! ** Purpose : provide the surface boundary condition over sea-ice
	533	!!
	534	!! ** Method : compute heat and freshwater exchanged
	535	!! between atmosphere and sea-ice using CORE bulk
	536	!! formulea, ice variables and read atmmospheric fields.
	537	!!
	538	!! caution : the net upward water flux has with mm/day unit
	539	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
	540	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: ptsu ! sea ice surface temperature
	541	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(in) :: palb ! ice albedo (all skies)
	542	!!
	543	INTEGER :: ji, jj, jl ! dummy loop indices
	544	REAL(wp) :: zst2, zst3
	545	REAL(wp) :: zcoef_dqlw, zcoef_dqla, zcoef_dqsb
	546	REAL(wp) :: zztmp, z1_lsub ! temporary variable
	547	!!
	548	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qlw ! long wave heat flux over ice
	549	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_qsb ! sensible heat flux over ice
	550	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqlw ! long wave heat sensitivity over ice
	551	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: z_dqsb ! sensible heat sensitivity over ice
	552	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) , POINTER :: zevap, zsnw ! evaporation and snw distribution after wind blowing (LIM3)
	553	!!---------------------------------------------------------------------
	554	!
	555	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('blk_ice_core_flx')
	556	!
	557	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
	558
	559	! local scalars ( place there for vector optimisation purposes)
	560	zcoef_dqlw = 4.0 * 0.95 * Stef
	561	zcoef_dqla = -Ls * Cice * 11637800. * (-5897.8)
	562	zcoef_dqsb = rhoa * cpa * Cice
	563
[2528]	564	zztmp = 1. / ( 1. - albo )
[888]	565	! ! ========================== !
[5407]	566	DO jl = 1, jpl ! Loop over ice categories !
[888]	567	! ! ========================== !
	568	DO jj = 1 , jpj
	569	DO ji = 1, jpi
	570	! ----------------------------!
	571	! I Radiative FLUXES !
	572	! ----------------------------!
[5407]	573	zst2 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * ptsu(ji,jj,jl)
	574	zst3 = ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst2
[888]	575	! Short Wave (sw)
[5407]	576	qsr_ice(ji,jj,jl) = zztmp * ( 1. - palb(ji,jj,jl) ) * qsr(ji,jj)
[888]	577	! Long Wave (lw)
[5407]	578	z_qlw(ji,jj,jl) = 0.95 * ( sf(jp_qlw)%fnow(ji,jj,1) - Stef * ptsu(ji,jj,jl) * zst3 ) * tmask(ji,jj,1)
[888]	579	! lw sensitivity
	580	z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqlw * zst3
	581
	582	! ----------------------------!
	583	! II Turbulent FLUXES !
	584	! ----------------------------!
	585
	586	! ... turbulent heat fluxes
	587	! Sensible Heat
[5407]	588	z_qsb(ji,jj,jl) = rhoa * cpa * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) * ( ptsu(ji,jj,jl) - sf(jp_tair)%fnow(ji,jj,1) )
[888]	589	! Latent Heat
[5407]	590	qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * MAX( 0.e0, rhoa * Ls * Cice * wndm_ice(ji,jj) &
	591	& * ( 11637800. * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) ) / rhoa - sf(jp_humi)%fnow(ji,jj,1) ) )
	592	! Latent heat sensitivity for ice (Dqla/Dt)
	593	IF( qla_ice(ji,jj,jl) > 0._wp ) THEN
	594	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = rn_efac * zcoef_dqla * wndm_ice(ji,jj) / ( zst2 ) * EXP( -5897.8 / ptsu(ji,jj,jl) )
[4689]	595	ELSE
[5407]	596	dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) = 0._wp
[4689]	597	ENDIF
[4990]	598
[888]	599	! Sensible heat sensitivity (Dqsb_ice/Dtn_ice)
[5407]	600	z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) = zcoef_dqsb * wndm_ice(ji,jj)
[888]	601
	602	! ----------------------------!
	603	! III Total FLUXES !
	604	! ----------------------------!
	605	! Downward Non Solar flux
[5407]	606	qns_ice (ji,jj,jl) = z_qlw (ji,jj,jl) - z_qsb (ji,jj,jl) - qla_ice (ji,jj,jl)
[888]	607	! Total non solar heat flux sensitivity for ice
[5407]	608	dqns_ice(ji,jj,jl) = - ( z_dqlw(ji,jj,jl) + z_dqsb(ji,jj,jl) + dqla_ice(ji,jj,jl) )
[888]	609	END DO
	610	!
	611	END DO
	612	!
	613	END DO
	614	!
[5407]	615	tprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_prec)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! total precipitation [kg/m2/s]
	616	sprecip(:,:) = sf(jp_snow)%fnow(:,:,1) * rn_pfac ! solid precipitation [kg/m2/s]
	617	CALL iom_put( 'snowpre', sprecip * 86400. ) ! Snow precipitation
	618	CALL iom_put( 'precip' , tprecip * 86400. ) ! Total precipitation
	619
	620	#if defined key_lim3
	621	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
	622
	623	! --- evaporation --- !
	624	z1_lsub = 1._wp / Lsub
[6498]	625	evap_ice (:,:,:) = rn_efac * qla_ice (:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! sublimation
	626	devap_ice(:,:,:) = rn_efac * dqla_ice(:,:,:) * z1_lsub ! d(sublimation)/dT
	627	zevap (:,:) = rn_efac * ( emp(:,:) + tprecip(:,:) ) ! evaporation over ocean
[5407]	628
	629	! --- evaporation minus precipitation --- !
[5487]	630	zsnw(:,:) = 0._wp
[5407]	631	CALL lim_thd_snwblow( pfrld, zsnw ) ! snow distribution over ice after wind blowing
	632	emp_oce(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) - ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) - sprecip(:,:) * (1._wp - zsnw )
	633	emp_ice(:,:) = SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * evap_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) - sprecip(:,:) * zsnw
	634	emp_tot(:,:) = emp_oce(:,:) + emp_ice(:,:)
	635
	636	! --- heat flux associated with emp --- !
	637	qemp_oce(:,:) = - pfrld(:,:) * zevap(:,:) * sst_m(:,:) * rcp & ! evap at sst
	638	& + ( tprecip(:,:) - sprecip(:,:) ) * ( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1) - rt0 ) * rcp & ! liquid precip at Tair
	639	& + sprecip(:,:) * ( 1._wp - zsnw ) * & ! solid precip at min(Tair,Tsnow)
	640	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
	641	qemp_ice(:,:) = sprecip(:,:) * zsnw * & ! solid precip (only)
	642	& ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
	643
	644	! --- total solar and non solar fluxes --- !
	645	qns_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qns_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qns_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 ) + qemp_ice(:,:) + qemp_oce(:,:)
	646	qsr_tot(:,:) = pfrld(:,:) * qsr_oce(:,:) + SUM( a_i_b(:,:,:) * qsr_ice(:,:,:), dim=3 )
	647
	648	! --- heat content of precip over ice in J/m3 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
	649	qprec_ice(:,:) = rhosn * ( ( MIN( sf(jp_tair)%fnow(:,:,1), rt0_snow ) - rt0 ) * cpic * tmask(:,:,1) - lfus )
	650
[6498]	651	! --- heat content of evap over ice in W/m2 (to be used in 1D-thermo) --- !
	652	DO jl = 1, jpl
	653	qevap_ice(:,:,jl) = 0._wp ! should be -evap_ice(:,:,jl)( ( Tice - rt0 ) cpic * tmask(:,:,1) )
	654	! But we do not have Tice => consider it at 0°C => evap=0
	655	END DO
	656
[5407]	657	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zevap, zsnw )
	658	#endif
	659
[888]	660	!--------------------------------------------------------------------
	661	! FRACTIONs of net shortwave radiation which is not absorbed in the
	662	! thin surface layer and penetrates inside the ice cover
	663	! ( Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971 ; Ebert and Curry, 1993 )
[4990]	664	!
[5407]	665	fr1_i0(:,:) = ( 0.18 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.35 * cldf_ice )
	666	fr2_i0(:,:) = ( 0.82 * ( 1.0 - cldf_ice ) + 0.65 * cldf_ice )
[4990]	667	!
[888]	668	!
	669	IF(ln_ctl) THEN
[5407]	670	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=qla_ice , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: qla_ice : ', tab3d_2=z_qsb , clinfo2=' z_qsb : ', kdim=jpl)
	671	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_qlw , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_qlw : ', tab3d_2=dqla_ice, clinfo2=' dqla_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
	672	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=z_dqsb , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: z_dqsb : ', tab3d_2=z_dqlw , clinfo2=' z_dqlw : ', kdim=jpl)
	673	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=dqns_ice, clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: dqns_ice : ', tab3d_2=qsr_ice , clinfo2=' qsr_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
	674	CALL prt_ctl(tab3d_1=ptsu , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: ptsu : ', tab3d_2=qns_ice , clinfo2=' qns_ice : ', kdim=jpl)
	675	CALL prt_ctl(tab2d_1=tprecip , clinfo1=' blk_ice_core: tprecip : ', tab2d_2=sprecip , clinfo2=' sprecip : ')
[888]	676	ENDIF
	677
[5407]	678	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj,jpl, z_qlw, z_qsb, z_dqlw, z_dqsb )
[2715]	679	!
[5407]	680	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('blk_ice_core_flx')
	681
	682	END SUBROUTINE blk_ice_core_flx
	683	#endif
[888]	684
[4990]	685	SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z( zt, zu, sst, T_zt, q_sat, q_zt, dU, &
	686	& Cd, Ch, Ce , T_zu, q_zu )
[888]	687	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
	688	!! * ROUTINE turb_core *
	689	!!
[4990]	690	!! ** Purpose : Computes turbulent transfert coefficients of surface
	691	!! fluxes according to Large & Yeager (2004) and Large & Yeager (2008)
	692	!! If relevant (zt /= zu), adjust temperature and humidity from height zt to zu
[888]	693	!!
[4990]	694	!! ** Method : Monin Obukhov Similarity Theory
	695	!! + Large & Yeager (2004,2008) closure: CD_n10 = f(U_n10)
[888]	696	!!
[4990]	697	!! ** References : Large & Yeager, 2004 / Large & Yeager, 2008
	698	!!
	699	!! ** Last update: Laurent Brodeau, June 2014:
	700	!! - handles both cases zt=zu and zt/=zu
	701	!! - optimized: less 2D arrays allocated and less operations
	702	!! - better first guess of stability by checking air-sea difference of virtual temperature
	703	!! rather than temperature difference only...
	704	!! - added function "cd_neutral_10m" that uses the improved parametrization of
	705	!! Large & Yeager 2008. Drag-coefficient reduction for Cyclone conditions!
	706	!! - using code-wide physical constants defined into "phycst.mod" rather than redifining them
	707	!! => 'vkarmn' and 'grav'
[888]	708	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
[3294]	709	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zt ! height for T_zt and q_zt [m]
	710	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ) :: zu ! height for dU [m]
	711	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: sst ! sea surface temperature [Kelvin]
	712	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zt ! potential air temperature [Kelvin]
	713	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_sat ! sea surface specific humidity [kg/kg]
	714	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zt ! specific air humidity [kg/kg]
[4990]	715	REAL(wp), INTENT(in ), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: dU ! relative wind module at zu [m/s]
[3294]	716	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Cd ! transfer coefficient for momentum (tau)
	717	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ch ! transfer coefficient for sensible heat (Q_sens)
	718	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: Ce ! transfert coefficient for evaporation (Q_lat)
	719	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: T_zu ! air temp. shifted at zu [K]
	720	REAL(wp), INTENT( out), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: q_zu ! spec. hum. shifted at zu [kg/kg]
[4990]	721	!
	722	INTEGER :: j_itt
	723	INTEGER , PARAMETER :: nb_itt = 5 ! number of itterations
	724	LOGICAL :: l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE. ! if q and t are given at different height than U
	725	!
	726	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: U_zu ! relative wind at zu [m/s]
[3294]	727	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ce_n10 ! 10m neutral latent coefficient
	728	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: Ch_n10 ! 10m neutral sensible coefficient
	729	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd_n10 ! root square of Cd_n10
	730	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: sqrt_Cd ! root square of Cd
	731	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_u ! stability parameter at height zu
	732	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zeta_t ! stability parameter at height zt
[4990]	733	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u
	734	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2
	735	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: stab ! 1st stability test integer
[2528]	736	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
[888]	737
[4990]	738	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_start('turb_core_2z')
	739
	740	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
	741	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
	742	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
[888]	743
[4990]	744	l_zt_equal_zu = .FALSE.
	745	IF( ABS(zu - zt) < 0.01 ) l_zt_equal_zu = .TRUE. ! testing "zu == zt" is risky with double precision
	746
	747	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
	748
	749	U_zu = MAX( 0.5 , dU ) ! relative wind speed at zu (normally 10m), we don't want to fall under 0.5 m/s
	750
	751	!! First guess of stability:
	752	ztmp0 = T_zt(1. + 0.608q_zt) - sst(1. + 0.608q_sat) ! air-sea difference of virtual pot. temp. at zt
	753	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,ztmp0) ! stab = 1 if dTv > 0 => STABLE, 0 if unstable
	754
	755	!! Neutral coefficients at 10m:
	756	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! wave drag case
	757	cdn_wave(:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:) + rsmall * ( 1._wp - tmask(:,:,1) )
	758	ztmp0 (:,:) = cdn_wave(:,:)
[3294]	759	ELSE
[4990]	760	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m( U_zu )
[3294]	761	ENDIF
[4990]	762	sqrt_Cd_n10 = SQRT( ztmp0 )
[4333]	763	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3( 34.6 sqrt_Cd_n10 )
	764	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab))
[4990]	765
[888]	766	!! Initializing transf. coeff. with their first guess neutral equivalents :
[4990]	767	Cd = ztmp0 ; Ce = Ce_n10 ; Ch = Ch_n10 ; sqrt_Cd = sqrt_Cd_n10
[888]	768
[4990]	769	!! Initializing values at z_u with z_t values:
	770	T_zu = T_zt ; q_zu = q_zt
[888]	771
	772	!! * Now starting iteration loop
	773	DO j_itt=1, nb_itt
[4990]	774	!
	775	ztmp1 = T_zu - sst ! Updating air/sea differences
	776	ztmp2 = q_zu - q_sat
	777
	778	! Updating turbulent scales : (L&Y 2004 eq. (7))
	779	ztmp1 = Ch/sqrt_Cdztmp1 ! theta
	780	ztmp2 = Ce/sqrt_Cdztmp2 ! q
	781
	782	ztmp0 = T_zu(1. + 0.608q_zu) ! virtual potential temperature at zu
	783
	784	! Estimate the inverse of Monin-Obukov length (1/L) at height zu:
	785	ztmp0 = (vkarmngrav/ztmp0(ztmp1(1.+0.608q_zu) + 0.608T_zuztmp2)) / (CdU_zuU_zu)
	786	! ( CdU_zuU_zu is U*^2 at zu)
	787
[888]	788	!! Stability parameters :
[4990]	789	zeta_u = zu*ztmp0 ; zeta_u = sign( min(abs(zeta_u),10.0), zeta_u )
	790	zpsi_h_u = psi_h( zeta_u )
	791	zpsi_m_u = psi_m( zeta_u )
	792
	793	!! Shifting temperature and humidity at zu (L&Y 2004 eq. (9b-9c))
	794	IF ( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) THEN
	795	zeta_t = zt*ztmp0 ; zeta_t = sign( min(abs(zeta_t),10.0), zeta_t )
	796	stab = LOG(zu/zt) - zpsi_h_u + psi_h(zeta_t) ! stab just used as temp array!!!
	797	T_zu = T_zt + ztmp1/vkarmnstab ! ztmp1 is still theta
	798	q_zu = q_zt + ztmp2/vkarmnstab ! ztmp2 is still q
	799	q_zu = max(0., q_zu)
	800	END IF
	801
	802	IF( ln_cdgw ) THEN ! surface wave case
	803	sqrt_Cd = vkarmn / ( vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10 - zpsi_m_u )
	804	Cd = sqrt_Cd * sqrt_Cd
[3294]	805	ELSE
[4990]	806	! Update neutral wind speed at 10m and neutral Cd at 10m (L&Y 2004 eq. 9a)...
	807	! In very rare low-wind conditions, the old way of estimating the
	808	! neutral wind speed at 10m leads to a negative value that causes the code
	809	! to crash. To prevent this a threshold of 0.25m/s is imposed.
	810	ztmp0 = MAX( 0.25 , U_zu/(1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u)) ) ! U_n10
	811	ztmp0 = cd_neutral_10m(ztmp0) ! Cd_n10
	812	sqrt_Cd_n10 = sqrt(ztmp0)
	813
	814	Ce_n10 = 1.e-3 * (34.6 * sqrt_Cd_n10) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6b)
	815	stab = 0.5 + sign(0.5,zeta_u) ! update stability
	816	Ch_n10 = 1.e-3sqrt_Cd_n10(18.stab + 32.7(1. - stab)) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (6c-6d)
	817
	818	!! Update of transfer coefficients:
	819	ztmp1 = 1. + sqrt_Cd_n10/vkarmn*(LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_m_u) ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10a)
	820	Cd = ztmp0 / ( ztmp1*ztmp1 )
	821	sqrt_Cd = SQRT( Cd )
[3294]	822	ENDIF
[4990]	823	!
	824	ztmp0 = (LOG(zu/10.) - zpsi_h_u) / vkarmn / sqrt_Cd_n10
	825	ztmp2 = sqrt_Cd / sqrt_Cd_n10
	826	ztmp1 = 1. + Ch_n10*ztmp0
	827	Ch = Ch_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10b)
	828	!
	829	ztmp1 = 1. + Ce_n10*ztmp0
	830	Ce = Ce_n10*ztmp2 / ztmp1 ! L&Y 2004 eq. (10c)
	831	!
[888]	832	END DO
[4990]	833
	834	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, U_zu, Ce_n10, Ch_n10, sqrt_Cd_n10, sqrt_Cd )
	835	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_u, stab )
	836	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zpsi_h_u, zpsi_m_u, ztmp0, ztmp1, ztmp2 )
	837
	838	IF( .NOT. l_zt_equal_zu ) CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, zeta_t )
	839
	840	IF( nn_timing == 1 ) CALL timing_stop('turb_core_2z')
	841	!
	842	END SUBROUTINE turb_core_2z
	843
	844
	845	FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m( zw10 )
	846	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
	847	!! Estimate of the neutral drag coefficient at 10m as a function
	848	!! of neutral wind speed at 10m
[888]	849	!!
[4990]	850	!! Origin: Large & Yeager 2008 eq.(11a) and eq.(11b)
	851	!!
	852	!! Author: L. Brodeau, june 2014
	853	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
	854	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: zw10 ! scalar wind speed at 10m (m/s)
	855	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: cd_neutral_10m
[2715]	856	!
[4990]	857	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: rgt33
	858	!!----------------------------------------------------------------------
[3294]	859	!
[4990]	860	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33 )
	861	!
	862	!! When wind speed > 33 m/s => Cyclone conditions => special treatment
	863	rgt33 = 0.5_wp + SIGN( 0.5_wp, (zw10 - 33._wp) ) ! If zw10 < 33. => 0, else => 1
	864	cd_neutral_10m = 1.e-3 * ( &
[5065]	865	& (1._wp - rgt33)( 2.7_wp/zw10 + 0.142_wp + zw10/13.09_wp - 3.14807E-10zw10**6) & ! zw10< 33.
[4990]	866	& + rgt33 * 2.34 ) ! zw10 >= 33.
	867	!
	868	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, rgt33)
	869	!
	870	END FUNCTION cd_neutral_10m
[888]	871
	872
[4990]	873	FUNCTION psi_m(pta) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
[2715]	874	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	875	! universal profile stability function for momentum
	876	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	877	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
	878	!
[888]	879	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_m
[3294]	880	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
[2715]	881	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	882	!
[3294]	883	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
[4990]	884	!
	885	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
	886	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
	887	psi_m = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
	888	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG((1. + X)0.5) + LOG((1. + X2)0.5) - 2.ATAN(X) + rpi0.5) ! Unstable
	889	!
[3294]	890	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
[2715]	891	!
[4990]	892	END FUNCTION psi_m
[888]	893
	894
[4990]	895	FUNCTION psi_h( pta ) !! Psis, L&Y 2004 eq. (8c), (8d), (8e)
[2715]	896	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	897	! universal profile stability function for temperature and humidity
	898	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	899	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj), INTENT(in) :: pta
[2715]	900	!
	901	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(jpi,jpj) :: psi_h
[4990]	902	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: X2, X, stabit
[2715]	903	!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[4990]	904	!
[3294]	905	CALL wrk_alloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
[4990]	906	!
	907	X2 = SQRT( ABS( 1. - 16.*pta ) ) ; X2 = MAX( X2 , 1. ) ; X = SQRT( X2 )
	908	stabit = 0.5 + SIGN( 0.5 , pta )
	909	psi_h = -5.ptastabit & ! Stable
	910	& + (1. - stabit)(2.LOG( (1. + X2)*0.5 )) ! Unstable
	911	!
[3294]	912	CALL wrk_dealloc( jpi,jpj, X2, X, stabit )
[2715]	913	!
[4990]	914	END FUNCTION psi_h
	915
[888]	916	!!======================================================================
	917	END MODULE sbcblk_core

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