Changeset 10419 for NEMO/branches/2018/dev_r10164_HPC09_ESIWACE_PREP_MERGE/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_time_domain.tex
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r10368 r10419 1 \documentclass[../tex_main/NEMO_manual]{subfiles} 1 \documentclass[../main/NEMO_manual]{subfiles} 2 2 3 \begin{document} 3 4 4 5 % ================================================================ 5 % Chapter 2 ———Time Domain (step.F90)6 % Chapter 2 Time Domain (step.F90) 6 7 % ================================================================ 7 8 \chapter{Time Domain (STP) } 8 9 \label{chap:STP} 10 9 11 \minitoc 10 12 11 13 % Missing things: 12 14 % - daymod: definition of the time domain (nit000, nitend andd the calendar) 13 14 15 15 16 \gmcomment{STEVEN :maybe a picture of the directory structure in the introduction which could be referred to here, … … 17 18 %%%% 18 19 19 20 20 \newpage 21 $\ $\newline % force a new ligne22 23 21 24 22 Having defined the continuous equations in \autoref{chap:PE}, we need now to choose a time discretization, … … 28 26 the consequences for the order in which the equations are solved. 29 27 30 $\ $\newline % force a new ligne31 28 % ================================================================ 32 29 % Time Discretisation … … 36 33 37 34 The time stepping used in \NEMO is a three level scheme that can be represented as follows: 38 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP} 39 x^{t+\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} + 2 \, \rdt \ \text{RHS}_x^{t-\rdt,\,t,\,t+\rdt} 35 \begin{equation} 36 \label{eq:STP} 37 x^{t+\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} + 2 \, \rdt \ \text{RHS}_x^{t-\rdt,\,t,\,t+\rdt} 40 38 \end{equation} 41 39 where $x$ stands for $u$, $v$, $T$ or $S$; … … 85 83 This filter, first designed by \citet{Robert_JMSJ66} and more comprehensively studied by \citet{Asselin_MWR72}, 86 84 is a kind of laplacian diffusion in time that mixes odd and even time steps: 87 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_asselin} 88 x_F^t = x^t + \gamma \, \left[ x_F^{t-\rdt} - 2 x^t + x^{t+\rdt} \right] 85 \begin{equation} 86 \label{eq:STP_asselin} 87 x_F^t = x^t + \gamma \, \left[ x_F^{t-\rdt} - 2 x^t + x^{t+\rdt} \right] 89 88 \end{equation} 90 89 where the subscript $F$ denotes filtered values and $\gamma$ is the Asselin coefficient. … … 111 110 For a tendancy $D_x$, representing a diffusion term or a restoring term to a tracer climatology 112 111 (when present, see \autoref{sec:TRA_dmp}), a forward time differencing scheme is used : 113 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_euler} 112 \[ 113 % \label{eq:STP_euler} 114 114 x^{t+\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} + 2 \, \rdt \ {D_x}^{t-\rdt} 115 \ end{equation}115 \] 116 116 117 117 This is diffusive in time and conditionally stable. 118 118 The conditions for stability of second and fourth order horizontal diffusion schemes are \citep{Griffies_Bk04}: 119 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_euler_stability} 120 A^h < \left\{ 121 \begin{aligned} 122 &\frac{e^2}{ 8 \; \rdt } &&\quad \text{laplacian diffusion} \\ 123 &\frac{e^4}{64 \; \rdt } &&\quad \text{bilaplacian diffusion} 124 \end{aligned} 125 \right. 119 \begin{equation} 120 \label{eq:STP_euler_stability} 121 A^h < \left\{ 122 \begin{aligned} 123 &\frac{e^2}{ 8 \; \rdt } &&\quad \text{laplacian diffusion} \\ 124 &\frac{e^4}{64 \; \rdt } &&\quad \text{bilaplacian diffusion} 125 \end{aligned} 126 \right. 126 127 \end{equation} 127 128 where $e$ is the smallest grid size in the two horizontal directions and $A^h$ is the mixing coefficient. … … 138 139 the stability criterion is reduced by a factor of $N$. 139 140 The computation is performed as follows: 140 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_ts} 141 \begin{split} 142 & x_\ast ^{t-\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} \\ 143 & x_\ast ^{t-\rdt+L\frac{2\rdt}{N}}=x_\ast ^{t-\rdt+\left( {L-1} 144 \right)\frac{2\rdt}{N}}+\frac{2\rdt}{N}\;\text{DF}^{t-\rdt+\left( {L-1} \right)\frac{2\rdt}{N}} 145 \quad \text{for $L=1$ to $N$} \\ 146 & x^{t+\rdt} = x_\ast^{t+\rdt} 147 \end{split} 148 \end{equation} 141 \[ 142 % \label{eq:STP_ts} 143 \begin{split} 144 & x_\ast ^{t-\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} \\ 145 & x_\ast ^{t-\rdt+L\frac{2\rdt}{N}}=x_\ast ^{t-\rdt+\left( {L-1} 146 \right)\frac{2\rdt}{N}}+\frac{2\rdt}{N}\;\text{DF}^{t-\rdt+\left( {L-1} \right)\frac{2\rdt}{N}} 147 \quad \text{for $L=1$ to $N$} \\ 148 & x^{t+\rdt} = x_\ast^{t+\rdt} 149 \end{split} 150 \] 149 151 with DF a vertical diffusion term. 150 152 The number of fractional time steps, $N$, is given by setting \np{nn\_zdfexp}, (namelist parameter). 151 153 The scheme $(b)$ is unconditionally stable but diffusive. It can be written as follows: 152 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_imp} 153 x^{t+\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} + 2 \, \rdt \ \text{RHS}_x^{t+\rdt} 154 \begin{equation} 155 \label{eq:STP_imp} 156 x^{t+\rdt} = x^{t-\rdt} + 2 \, \rdt \ \text{RHS}_x^{t+\rdt} 154 157 \end{equation} 155 158 … … 161 164 but it becomes attractive since a value of 3 or more is needed for N in the forward time differencing scheme. 162 165 For example, the finite difference approximation of the temperature equation is: 163 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_imp_zdf} 164 \frac{T(k)^{t+1}-T(k)^{t-1}}{2\;\rdt}\equiv \text{RHS}+\frac{1}{e_{3t} }\delta 165 _k \left[ {\frac{A_w^{vT} }{e_{3w} }\delta _{k+1/2} \left[ {T^{t+1}} \right]} 166 \right] 167 \end{equation} 166 \[ 167 % \label{eq:STP_imp_zdf} 168 \frac{T(k)^{t+1}-T(k)^{t-1}}{2\;\rdt}\equiv \text{RHS}+\frac{1}{e_{3t} }\delta 169 _k \left[ {\frac{A_w^{vT} }{e_{3w} }\delta_{k+1/2} \left[ {T^{t+1}} \right]} 170 \right] 171 \] 168 172 where RHS is the right hand side of the equation except for the vertical diffusion term. 169 173 We rewrite \autoref{eq:STP_imp} as: 170 \begin{equation} \label{eq:STP_imp_mat} 171 -c(k+1)\;T^{t+1}(k+1) + d(k)\;T^{t+1}(k) - \;c(k)\;T^{t+1}(k-1) \equiv b(k) 174 \begin{equation} 175 \label{eq:STP_imp_mat} 176 -c(k+1)\;T^{t+1}(k+1) + d(k)\;T^{t+1}(k) - \;c(k)\;T^{t+1}(k-1) \equiv b(k) 172 177 \end{equation} 173 178 where 174 \begin{align*} 175 c(k) &= A_w^{vT} (k) \, / \, e_{3w} (k) \\176 d(k) &= e_{3t} (k) \, / \, (2\rdt) + c_k + c_{k+1} \\177 b(k) &= e_{3t} (k) \; \left( T^{t-1}(k) \, / \, (2\rdt) + \text{RHS} \right)179 \begin{align*} 180 c(k) &= A_w^{vT} (k) \, / \, e_{3w} (k) \\ 181 d(k) &= e_{3t} (k) \, / \, (2\rdt) + c_k + c_{k+1} \\ 182 b(k) &= e_{3t} (k) \; \left( T^{t-1}(k) \, / \, (2\rdt) + \text{RHS} \right) 178 183 \end{align*} 179 184 … … 199 204 \begin{center} 200 205 \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Fig_TimeStepping_flowchart} 201 \caption{ \protect\label{fig:TimeStep_flowchart} 206 \caption{ 207 \protect\label{fig:TimeStep_flowchart} 202 208 Sketch of the leapfrog time stepping sequence in \NEMO from \citet{Leclair_Madec_OM09}. 203 209 The use of a semi-implicit computation of the hydrostatic pressure gradient requires the tracer equation to … … 208 214 (see \autoref{sec:DYN_spg}). 209 215 } 210 \end{center} \end{figure} 216 \end{center} 217 \end{figure} 211 218 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 212 219 %} … … 226 233 and the time filter is given by \autoref{eq:STP_asselin} so that $Q$ is redistributed over several time step. 227 234 In the modified LF-RA environment, these two formulations have been replaced by: 228 \begin{align} 229 x^{t+\rdt} &= x^{t-\rdt} + \rdt \left( Q^{t-\rdt/2} + Q^{t+\rdt/2} \right) \label{eq:STP_forcing} \\230 %231 x_F^t &= x^t + \gamma \, \left[ x_F^{t-\rdt} - 2 x^t + x^{t+\rdt} \right] 235 \begin{align} 236 x^{t+\rdt} &= x^{t-\rdt} + \rdt \left( Q^{t-\rdt/2} + Q^{t+\rdt/2} \right) \label{eq:STP_forcing} \\ 237 % 238 x_F^t &= x^t + \gamma \, \left[ x_F^{t-\rdt} - 2 x^t + x^{t+\rdt} \right] 232 239 - \gamma\,\rdt \, \left[ Q^{t+\rdt/2} - Q^{t-\rdt/2} \right] \label{eq:STP_RA} 233 240 \end{align} … … 259 266 \begin{center} 260 267 \includegraphics[width=0.90\textwidth]{Fig_MLF_forcing} 261 \caption{ \protect\label{fig:MLF_forcing} 268 \caption{ 269 \protect\label{fig:MLF_forcing} 262 270 Illustration of forcing integration methods. 263 271 (top) ''Traditional'' formulation: … … 284 292 The first time step of this three level scheme when starting from initial conditions is a forward step 285 293 (Euler time integration): 286 \begin{equation} \label{eq:DOM_euler} 287 x^1 = x^0 + \rdt \ \text{RHS}^0 288 \end{equation} 294 \[ 295 % \label{eq:DOM_euler} 296 x^1 = x^0 + \rdt \ \text{RHS}^0 297 \] 289 298 This is done simply by keeping the leapfrog environment ($i.e.$ the \autoref{eq:STP} three level time stepping) but 290 299 setting all $x^0$ (\textit{before}) and $x^{1}$ (\textit{now}) fields equal at the first time step and … … 301 310 (see \autoref{subsec:DYN_hpg_imp}), an extra three-dimensional field has to 302 311 be added to the restart file to ensure an exact restartability. 303 This is done optionally via the 312 This is done optionally via the \np{nn\_dynhpg\_rst} namelist parameter, 304 313 so that the size of the restart file can be reduced when restartability is not a key issue 305 314 (operational oceanography or in ensemble simulations for seasonal forecasting). … … 307 316 Note the size of the time step used, $\rdt$, is also saved in the restart file. 308 317 When restarting, if the the time step has been changed, a restart using an Euler time stepping scheme is imposed. 309 Options are defined through the 318 Options are defined through the \ngn{namrun} namelist variables. 310 319 %%% 311 320 \gmcomment{ … … 351 360 352 361 \begin{flalign*} 353 &\frac{\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}-\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1}}{2\rdt}354 \equiv \text{RHS}+ \delta _k \left[ {\frac{A_w^{vt} }{e_{3w}^{t+1} }\delta _{k+1/2} \left[ {T^{t+1}} \right]} 355 \right] \\356 &\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}-\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1}357 \equiv {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS}+ {2\rdt} \ \delta _k \left[ {\frac{A_w^{vt} }{e_{3w}^{t+1} }\delta _{k+1/2} \left[ {T^{t+1}} \right]} 358 \right] \\359 &\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}-\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1}360 \equiv 2\rdt \ \text{RHS}361 + 2\rdt \ \left\{ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} [ T_{k+1}^{t+1} - T_k ^{t+1} ]362 363 &\\364 &\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}365 - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} T_{k+1}^{t+1} 366 + {2\rdt} \ \left\{ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} 367 368 - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} T_{k-1}^{t+1} \\369 &\equiv \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} + {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS} \\370 % 362 &\frac{\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}-\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1}}{2\rdt} 363 \equiv \text{RHS}+ \delta_k \left[ {\frac{A_w^{vt} }{e_{3w}^{t+1} }\delta_{k+1/2} \left[ {T^{t+1}} \right]} 364 \right] \\ 365 &\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}-\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} 366 \equiv {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS}+ {2\rdt} \ \delta_k \left[ {\frac{A_w^{vt} }{e_{3w}^{t+1} }\delta_{k+1/2} \left[ {T^{t+1}} \right]} 367 \right] \\ 368 &\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1}-\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} 369 \equiv 2\rdt \ \text{RHS} 370 + 2\rdt \ \left\{ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} [ T_{k+1}^{t+1} - T_k ^{t+1} ] 371 - \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} [ T_k ^{t+1} - T_{k-1}^{t+1} ] \right\} \\ 372 &\\ 373 &\left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t+1} 374 - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} T_{k+1}^{t+1} 375 + {2\rdt} \ \left\{ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} 376 + \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} \right\} T_{k }^{t+1} 377 - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} T_{k-1}^{t+1} \\ 378 &\equiv \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} + {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS} \\ 379 % 371 380 \end{flalign*} 372 381 373 382 \begin{flalign*} 374 \allowdisplaybreaks375 \intertext{ Tracer case }376 %377 & \qquad \qquad \quad - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} 378 379 &+ {2\rdt} \ \biggl\{ (e_{3t})_{k }^{t+1} \bigg. + \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} 380 381 & \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \ \ - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} \quad \ \ T_{k-1}^{t+1} 382 \ \equiv \ \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} + {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS} \\383 %383 \allowdisplaybreaks 384 \intertext{ Tracer case } 385 % 386 & \qquad \qquad \quad - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} 387 \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad T_{k+1}^{t+1} \\ 388 &+ {2\rdt} \ \biggl\{ (e_{3t})_{k }^{t+1} \bigg. + \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k+1/2} 389 + \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} \bigg. \biggr\} \ \ \ T_{k }^{t+1} &&\\ 390 & \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \ \ - {2\rdt} \ \left[ \frac{A_w^{vt}}{e_{3w}^{t+1}} \right]_{k-1/2} \quad \ \ T_{k-1}^{t+1} 391 \ \equiv \ \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} + {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS} \\ 392 % 384 393 \end{flalign*} 385 394 \begin{flalign*} 386 \allowdisplaybreaks387 \intertext{ Tracer content case }388 %389 & - {2\rdt} \ & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k+1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k+1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_{k+1}^{t+1}} && \ \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_{k+1}^{t+1} &\\390 & + {2\rdt} \ \left[ 1 \right.+ & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k+1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k+1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_k^{t+1}} 391 392 & - {2\rdt} \ & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k -1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k -1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_{k-1}^{t+1}} &\ \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_{k-1}^{t+1} 393 \equiv \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} + {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS} &395 \allowdisplaybreaks 396 \intertext{ Tracer content case } 397 % 398 & - {2\rdt} \ & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k+1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k+1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_{k+1}^{t+1}} && \ \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_{k+1}^{t+1} &\\ 399 & + {2\rdt} \ \left[ 1 \right.+ & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k+1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k+1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_k^{t+1}} 400 + & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k -1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k -1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_k^{t+1}} \left. \right] & \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_{k }^{t+1} &\\ 401 & - {2\rdt} \ & \frac{(A_w^{vt})_{k -1/2}} {(e_{3w})_{k -1/2}^{t+1}\;(e_{3t})_{k-1}^{t+1}} &\ \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_{k-1}^{t+1} 402 \equiv \left( e_{3t}\,T \right)_k^{t-1} + {2\rdt} \ \text{RHS} & 394 403 \end{flalign*} 395 404 … … 397 406 } 398 407 %% 408 \biblio 409 399 410 \end{document}
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