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Changeset 11799 for NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11470_HPC_12_mpi3/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_DYN.tex – NEMO

Ignore:
Timestamp:
2019-10-25T16:27:34+02:00 (5 years ago)
Author:
mocavero
Message:

Update the branch to v4.0.1 of the trunk

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NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11470_HPC_12_mpi3/doc
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  • NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11470_HPC_12_mpi3/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_DYN.tex

    r11435 r11799  
    22 
    33\begin{document} 
    4 % ================================================================ 
    5 % Chapter ——— Ocean Dynamics (DYN) 
    6 % ================================================================ 
     4 
    75\chapter{Ocean Dynamics (DYN)} 
    86\label{chap:DYN} 
    97 
     8\thispagestyle{plain} 
     9 
    1010\chaptertoc 
     11 
     12\paragraph{Changes record} ~\\ 
     13 
     14{\footnotesize 
     15  \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l||X|X} 
     16    Release & Author(s) & Modifications \\ 
     17    \hline 
     18    {\em   4.0} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} \\ 
     19    {\em   3.6} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} \\ 
     20    {\em   3.4} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} \\ 
     21    {\em <=3.4} & {\em ...} & {\em ...} 
     22  \end{tabularx} 
     23} 
     24 
     25\clearpage 
    1126 
    1227Using the representation described in \autoref{chap:DOM}, 
     
    5267Furthermore, the tendency terms associated with the 2D barotropic vorticity balance (when \texttt{trdvor?} is defined) 
    5368can be derived from the 3D terms. 
    54 %%% 
    5569\gmcomment{STEVEN: not quite sure I've got the sense of the last sentence. does 
    5670MISC correspond to "extracting tendency terms" or "vorticity balance"?} 
    5771 
    58 % ================================================================ 
    59 % Sea Surface Height evolution & Diagnostics variables 
    60 % ================================================================ 
     72%% ================================================================================================= 
    6173\section{Sea surface height and diagnostic variables ($\eta$, $\zeta$, $\chi$, $w$)} 
    6274\label{sec:DYN_divcur_wzv} 
    6375 
    64 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    65 %           Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity 
    66 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    67 \subsection[Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\textit{divcur.F90})] 
    68 {Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{divcur})} 
     76%% ================================================================================================= 
     77\subsection[Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\textit{divcur.F90})]{Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{divcur})} 
    6978\label{subsec:DYN_divcur} 
    7079 
    7180The vorticity is defined at an $f$-point (\ie\ corner point) as follows: 
    7281\begin{equation} 
    73   \label{eq:divcur_cur} 
     82  \label{eq:DYN_divcur_cur} 
    7483  \zeta =\frac{1}{e_{1f}\,e_{2f} }\left( {\;\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {e_{2v}\;v} \right] 
    7584      -\delta_{j+1/2} \left[ {e_{1u}\;u} \right]\;} \right) 
     
    7988It is given by: 
    8089\[ 
    81   % \label{eq:divcur_div} 
     90  % \label{eq:DYN_divcur_div} 
    8291  \chi =\frac{1}{e_{1t}\,e_{2t}\,e_{3t} } 
    8392  \left( {\delta_i \left[ {e_{2u}\,e_{3u}\,u} \right] 
     
    99108the nonlinear advection and of the vertical velocity respectively. 
    100109 
    101 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    102 %           Sea Surface Height evolution 
    103 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    104 \subsection[Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\textit{sshwzv.F90})] 
    105 {Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{sshwzv})} 
     110%% ================================================================================================= 
     111\subsection[Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\textit{sshwzv.F90})]{Horizontal divergence and relative vorticity (\protect\mdl{sshwzv})} 
    106112\label{subsec:DYN_sshwzv} 
    107113 
    108114The sea surface height is given by: 
    109115\begin{equation} 
    110   \label{eq:dynspg_ssh} 
     116  \label{eq:DYN_spg_ssh} 
    111117  \begin{aligned} 
    112118    \frac{\partial \eta }{\partial t} 
     
    123129\textit{emp} can be written as the evaporation minus precipitation, minus the river runoff. 
    124130The sea-surface height is evaluated using exactly the same time stepping scheme as 
    125 the tracer equation \autoref{eq:tra_nxt}: 
     131the tracer equation \autoref{eq:TRA_nxt}: 
    126132a leapfrog scheme in combination with an Asselin time filter, 
    127 \ie\ the velocity appearing in \autoref{eq:dynspg_ssh} is centred in time (\textit{now} velocity). 
     133\ie\ the velocity appearing in \autoref{eq:DYN_spg_ssh} is centred in time (\textit{now} velocity). 
    128134This is of paramount importance. 
    129135Replacing $T$ by the number $1$ in the tracer equation and summing over the water column must lead to 
     
    134140taking into account the change of the thickness of the levels: 
    135141\begin{equation} 
    136   \label{eq:wzv} 
     142  \label{eq:DYN_wzv} 
    137143  \left\{ 
    138144    \begin{aligned} 
     
    148154re-orientated downward. 
    149155\gmcomment{not sure of this...  to be modified with the change in emp setting} 
    150 In the case of a linear free surface, the time derivative in \autoref{eq:wzv} disappears. 
     156In the case of a linear free surface, the time derivative in \autoref{eq:DYN_wzv} disappears. 
    151157The upper boundary condition applies at a fixed level $z=0$. 
    152158The top vertical velocity is thus equal to the divergence of the barotropic transport 
    153 (\ie\ the first term in the right-hand-side of \autoref{eq:dynspg_ssh}). 
     159(\ie\ the first term in the right-hand-side of \autoref{eq:DYN_spg_ssh}). 
    154160 
    155161Note also that whereas the vertical velocity has the same discrete expression in $z$- and $s$-coordinates, 
    156162its physical meaning is not the same: 
    157163in the second case, $w$ is the velocity normal to the $s$-surfaces. 
    158 Note also that the $k$-axis is re-orientated downwards in the \fortran code compared to 
    159 the indexing used in the semi-discrete equations such as \autoref{eq:wzv} 
     164Note also that the $k$-axis is re-orientated downwards in the \fortran\ code compared to 
     165the indexing used in the semi-discrete equations such as \autoref{eq:DYN_wzv} 
    160166(see \autoref{subsec:DOM_Num_Index_vertical}). 
    161167 
    162  
    163 % ================================================================ 
    164 % Coriolis and Advection terms: vector invariant form 
    165 % ================================================================ 
     168%% ================================================================================================= 
    166169\section{Coriolis and advection: vector invariant form} 
    167170\label{sec:DYN_adv_cor_vect} 
    168 %-----------------------------------------nam_dynadv---------------------------------------------------- 
    169  
    170 \nlst{namdyn_adv} 
    171 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
     171 
     172\begin{listing} 
     173  \nlst{namdyn_adv} 
     174  \caption{\forcode{&namdyn_adv}} 
     175  \label{lst:namdyn_adv} 
     176\end{listing} 
    172177 
    173178The vector invariant form of the momentum equations is the one most often used in 
    174179applications of the \NEMO\ ocean model. 
    175180The flux form option (see next section) has been present since version $2$. 
    176 Options are defined through the \nam{dyn\_adv} namelist variables Coriolis and 
     181Options are defined through the \nam{dyn_adv}{dyn\_adv} namelist variables Coriolis and 
    177182momentum advection terms are evaluated using a leapfrog scheme, 
    178183\ie\ the velocity appearing in these expressions is centred in time (\textit{now} velocity). 
     
    180185\autoref{chap:LBC}. 
    181186 
    182 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    183 %        Vorticity term 
    184 % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    185 \subsection[Vorticity term (\textit{dynvor.F90})] 
    186 {Vorticity term (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
     187%% ================================================================================================= 
     188\subsection[Vorticity term (\textit{dynvor.F90})]{Vorticity term (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
    187189\label{subsec:DYN_vor} 
    188 %------------------------------------------nam_dynvor---------------------------------------------------- 
    189  
    190 \nlst{namdyn_vor} 
    191 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    192  
    193 Options are defined through the \nam{dyn\_vor} namelist variables. 
    194 Four discretisations of the vorticity term (\texttt{ln\_dynvor\_xxx}\forcode{ = .true.}) are available: 
     190 
     191\begin{listing} 
     192  \nlst{namdyn_vor} 
     193  \caption{\forcode{&namdyn_vor}} 
     194  \label{lst:namdyn_vor} 
     195\end{listing} 
     196 
     197Options are defined through the \nam{dyn_vor}{dyn\_vor} namelist variables. 
     198Four discretisations of the vorticity term (\texttt{ln\_dynvor\_xxx}\forcode{=.true.}) are available: 
    195199conserving potential enstrophy of horizontally non-divergent flow (ENS scheme); 
    196200conserving horizontal kinetic energy (ENE scheme); 
     
    198202horizontal kinetic energy for the planetary vorticity term (MIX scheme); 
    199203or conserving both the potential enstrophy of horizontally non-divergent flow and horizontal kinetic energy 
    200 (EEN scheme) (see \autoref{subsec:C_vorEEN}). 
     204(EEN scheme) (see \autoref{subsec:INVARIANTS_vorEEN}). 
    201205In the case of ENS, ENE or MIX schemes the land sea mask may be slightly modified to ensure the consistency of 
    202 vorticity term with analytical equations (\np{ln\_dynvor\_con}\forcode{ = .true.}). 
     206vorticity term with analytical equations (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynvor_con}{ln\_dynvor\_con}). 
    203207The vorticity terms are all computed in dedicated routines that can be found in the \mdl{dynvor} module. 
    204208 
    205 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    206209%                 enstrophy conserving scheme 
    207 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    208 \subsubsection[Enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_ens = .true.})] 
    209 {Enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ens}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     210%% ================================================================================================= 
     211\subsubsection[Enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_ens})]{Enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynvor_ens}{ln\_dynvor\_ens})} 
    210212\label{subsec:DYN_vor_ens} 
    211213 
     
    216218It is given by: 
    217219\begin{equation} 
    218   \label{eq:dynvor_ens} 
     220  \label{eq:DYN_vor_ens} 
    219221  \left\{ 
    220222    \begin{aligned} 
     
    227229\end{equation} 
    228230 
    229 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    230231%                 energy conserving scheme 
    231 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    232 \subsubsection[Energy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_ene = .true.})] 
    233 {Energy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_ene}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     232%% ================================================================================================= 
     233\subsubsection[Energy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_ene})]{Energy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynvor_ene}{ln\_dynvor\_ene})} 
    234234\label{subsec:DYN_vor_ene} 
    235235 
     
    237237It is given by: 
    238238\begin{equation} 
    239   \label{eq:dynvor_ene} 
     239  \label{eq:DYN_vor_ene} 
    240240  \left\{ 
    241241    \begin{aligned} 
     
    248248\end{equation} 
    249249 
    250 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    251250%                 mix energy/enstrophy conserving scheme 
    252 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    253 \subsubsection[Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_mix = .true.})] 
    254 {Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_mix}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     251%% ================================================================================================= 
     252\subsubsection[Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_mix})]{Mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynvor_mix}{ln\_dynvor\_mix})} 
    255253\label{subsec:DYN_vor_mix} 
    256254 
    257255For the mixed energy/enstrophy conserving scheme (MIX scheme), a mixture of the two previous schemes is used. 
    258 It consists of the ENS scheme (\autoref{eq:dynvor_ens}) for the relative vorticity term, 
    259 and of the ENE scheme (\autoref{eq:dynvor_ene}) applied to the planetary vorticity term. 
    260 \[ 
    261   % \label{eq:dynvor_mix} 
     256It consists of the ENS scheme (\autoref{eq:DYN_vor_ens}) for the relative vorticity term, 
     257and of the ENE scheme (\autoref{eq:DYN_vor_ene}) applied to the planetary vorticity term. 
     258\[ 
     259  % \label{eq:DYN_vor_mix} 
    262260  \left\{ { 
    263261      \begin{aligned} 
     
    274272\] 
    275273 
    276 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    277274%                 energy and enstrophy conserving scheme 
    278 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    279 \subsubsection[Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_een = .true.})] 
    280 {Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynvor\_een}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     275%% ================================================================================================= 
     276\subsubsection[Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\forcode{ln_dynvor_een})]{Energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynvor_een}{ln\_dynvor\_een})} 
    281277\label{subsec:DYN_vor_een} 
    282278 
     
    297293The idea is to get rid of the double averaging by considering triad combinations of vorticity. 
    298294It is noteworthy that this solution is conceptually quite similar to the one proposed by 
    299 \citep{griffies.gnanadesikan.ea_JPO98} for the discretization of the iso-neutral diffusion operator (see \autoref{apdx:C}). 
     295\citep{griffies.gnanadesikan.ea_JPO98} for the discretization of the iso-neutral diffusion operator (see \autoref{apdx:INVARIANTS}). 
    300296 
    301297The \citet{arakawa.hsu_MWR90} vorticity advection scheme for a single layer is modified 
     
    303299First consider the discrete expression of the potential vorticity, $q$, defined at an $f$-point: 
    304300\[ 
    305   % \label{eq:pot_vor} 
     301  % \label{eq:DYN_pot_vor} 
    306302  q  = \frac{\zeta +f} {e_{3f} } 
    307303\] 
    308 where the relative vorticity is defined by (\autoref{eq:divcur_cur}), 
     304where the relative vorticity is defined by (\autoref{eq:DYN_divcur_cur}), 
    309305the Coriolis parameter is given by $f=2 \,\Omega \;\sin \varphi _f $ and the layer thickness at $f$-points is: 
    310306\begin{equation} 
    311   \label{eq:een_e3f} 
     307  \label{eq:DYN_een_e3f} 
    312308  e_{3f} = \overline{\overline {e_{3t} }} ^{\,i+1/2,j+1/2} 
    313309\end{equation} 
    314310 
    315 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
    316311\begin{figure}[!ht] 
    317   \begin{center} 
    318     \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_een_triad} 
    319     \caption{ 
    320       \protect\label{fig:DYN_een_triad} 
    321       Triads used in the energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (een) for 
    322       $u$-component (upper panel) and $v$-component (lower panel). 
    323     } 
    324   \end{center} 
     312  \centering 
     313  \includegraphics[width=0.66\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_een_triad} 
     314  \caption[Triads used in the energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (EEN)]{ 
     315    Triads used in the energy and enstrophy conserving scheme (EEN) for 
     316    $u$-component (upper panel) and $v$-component (lower panel).} 
     317  \label{fig:DYN_een_triad} 
    325318\end{figure} 
    326 % >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
    327  
    328 A key point in \autoref{eq:een_e3f} is how the averaging in the \textbf{i}- and \textbf{j}- directions is made. 
     319 
     320A key point in \autoref{eq:DYN_een_e3f} is how the averaging in the \textbf{i}- and \textbf{j}- directions is made. 
    329321It uses the sum of masked t-point vertical scale factor divided either by the sum of the four t-point masks 
    330 (\np{nn\_een\_e3f}\forcode{ = 1}), or just by $4$ (\np{nn\_een\_e3f}\forcode{ = .true.}). 
     322(\np[=1]{nn_een_e3f}{nn\_een\_e3f}), or just by $4$ (\np[=.true.]{nn_een_e3f}{nn\_een\_e3f}). 
    331323The latter case preserves the continuity of $e_{3f}$ when one or more of the neighbouring $e_{3t}$ tends to zero and 
    332324extends by continuity the value of $e_{3f}$ into the land areas. 
     
    340332(\autoref{fig:DYN_een_triad}): 
    341333\begin{equation} 
    342   \label{eq:Q_triads} 
     334  \label{eq:DYN_Q_triads} 
    343335  _i^j \mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p} 
    344336  = \frac{1}{12} \ \left(   q^{i-i_p}_{j+j_p} + q^{i+j_p}_{j+i_p} + q^{i+i_p}_{j-j_p}  \right) 
     
    348340Finally, the vorticity terms are represented as: 
    349341\begin{equation} 
    350   \label{eq:dynvor_een} 
     342  \label{eq:DYN_vor_een} 
    351343  \left\{ { 
    352344      \begin{aligned} 
     
    361353This EEN scheme in fact combines the conservation properties of the ENS and ENE schemes. 
    362354It conserves both total energy and potential enstrophy in the limit of horizontally nondivergent flow 
    363 (\ie\ $\chi$=$0$) (see \autoref{subsec:C_vorEEN}). 
     355(\ie\ $\chi$=$0$) (see \autoref{subsec:INVARIANTS_vorEEN}). 
    364356Applied to a realistic ocean configuration, it has been shown that it leads to a significant reduction of 
    365357the noise in the vertical velocity field \citep{le-sommer.penduff.ea_OM09}. 
     
    368360leading to a larger topostrophy of the flow \citep{barnier.madec.ea_OD06, penduff.le-sommer.ea_OS07}. 
    369361 
    370 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    371 %           Kinetic Energy Gradient term 
    372 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    373 \subsection[Kinetic energy gradient term (\textit{dynkeg.F90})] 
    374 {Kinetic energy gradient term (\protect\mdl{dynkeg})} 
     362%% ================================================================================================= 
     363\subsection[Kinetic energy gradient term (\textit{dynkeg.F90})]{Kinetic energy gradient term (\protect\mdl{dynkeg})} 
    375364\label{subsec:DYN_keg} 
    376365 
    377 As demonstrated in \autoref{apdx:C}, 
     366As demonstrated in \autoref{apdx:INVARIANTS}, 
    378367there is a single discrete formulation of the kinetic energy gradient term that, 
    379368together with the formulation chosen for the vertical advection (see below), 
    380369conserves the total kinetic energy: 
    381370\[ 
    382   % \label{eq:dynkeg} 
     371  % \label{eq:DYN_keg} 
    383372  \left\{ 
    384373    \begin{aligned} 
     
    389378\] 
    390379 
    391 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    392 %           Vertical advection term 
    393 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    394 \subsection[Vertical advection term (\textit{dynzad.F90})] 
    395 {Vertical advection term (\protect\mdl{dynzad})} 
     380%% ================================================================================================= 
     381\subsection[Vertical advection term (\textit{dynzad.F90})]{Vertical advection term (\protect\mdl{dynzad})} 
    396382\label{subsec:DYN_zad} 
    397383 
     
    400386conserves the total kinetic energy. 
    401387Indeed, the change of KE due to the vertical advection is exactly balanced by 
    402 the change of KE due to the gradient of KE (see \autoref{apdx:C}). 
    403 \[ 
    404   % \label{eq:dynzad} 
     388the change of KE due to the gradient of KE (see \autoref{apdx:INVARIANTS}). 
     389\[ 
     390  % \label{eq:DYN_zad} 
    405391  \left\{ 
    406392    \begin{aligned} 
     
    410396  \right. 
    411397\] 
    412 When \np{ln\_dynzad\_zts}\forcode{ = .true.}, 
     398When \np[=.true.]{ln_dynzad_zts}{ln\_dynzad\_zts}, 
    413399a split-explicit time stepping with 5 sub-timesteps is used on the vertical advection term. 
    414400This option can be useful when the value of the timestep is limited by vertical advection \citep{lemarie.debreu.ea_OM15}. 
    415401Note that in this case, 
    416402a similar split-explicit time stepping should be used on vertical advection of tracer to ensure a better stability, 
    417 an option which is only available with a TVD scheme (see \np{ln\_traadv\_tvd\_zts} in \autoref{subsec:TRA_adv_tvd}). 
    418  
    419  
    420 % ================================================================ 
    421 % Coriolis and Advection : flux form 
    422 % ================================================================ 
     403an option which is only available with a TVD scheme (see \np{ln_traadv_tvd_zts}{ln\_traadv\_tvd\_zts} in \autoref{subsec:TRA_adv_tvd}). 
     404 
     405%% ================================================================================================= 
    423406\section{Coriolis and advection: flux form} 
    424407\label{sec:DYN_adv_cor_flux} 
    425 %------------------------------------------nam_dynadv---------------------------------------------------- 
    426  
    427 \nlst{namdyn_adv} 
    428 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    429  
    430 Options are defined through the \nam{dyn\_adv} namelist variables. 
     408 
     409Options are defined through the \nam{dyn_adv}{dyn\_adv} namelist variables. 
    431410In the flux form (as in the vector invariant form), 
    432411the Coriolis and momentum advection terms are evaluated using a leapfrog scheme, 
     
    435414no slip or partial slip boundary conditions are applied following \autoref{chap:LBC}. 
    436415 
    437  
    438 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    439 %           Coriolis plus curvature metric terms 
    440 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    441 \subsection[Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\textit{dynvor.F90})] 
    442 {Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
     416%% ================================================================================================= 
     417\subsection[Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\textit{dynvor.F90})]{Coriolis plus curvature metric terms (\protect\mdl{dynvor})} 
    443418\label{subsec:DYN_cor_flux} 
    444419 
     
    447422It is given by: 
    448423\begin{multline*} 
    449   % \label{eq:dyncor_metric} 
     424  % \label{eq:DYN_cor_metric} 
    450425  f+\frac{1}{e_1 e_2 }\left( {v\frac{\partial e_2 }{\partial i}  -  u\frac{\partial e_1 }{\partial j}} \right)  \\ 
    451426  \equiv   f + \frac{1}{e_{1f} e_{2f} } \left( { \ \overline v ^{i+1/2}\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {e_{2u} } \right] 
     
    453428\end{multline*} 
    454429 
    455 Any of the (\autoref{eq:dynvor_ens}), (\autoref{eq:dynvor_ene}) and (\autoref{eq:dynvor_een}) schemes can be used to 
     430Any of the (\autoref{eq:DYN_vor_ens}), (\autoref{eq:DYN_vor_ene}) and (\autoref{eq:DYN_vor_een}) schemes can be used to 
    456431compute the product of the Coriolis parameter and the vorticity. 
    457 However, the energy-conserving scheme (\autoref{eq:dynvor_een}) has exclusively been used to date. 
     432However, the energy-conserving scheme (\autoref{eq:DYN_vor_een}) has exclusively been used to date. 
    458433This term is evaluated using a leapfrog scheme, \ie\ the velocity is centred in time (\textit{now} velocity). 
    459434 
    460 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    461 %           Flux form Advection term 
    462 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    463 \subsection[Flux form advection term (\textit{dynadv.F90})] 
    464 {Flux form advection term (\protect\mdl{dynadv})} 
     435%% ================================================================================================= 
     436\subsection[Flux form advection term (\textit{dynadv.F90})]{Flux form advection term (\protect\mdl{dynadv})} 
    465437\label{subsec:DYN_adv_flux} 
    466438 
    467439The discrete expression of the advection term is given by: 
    468440\[ 
    469   % \label{eq:dynadv} 
     441  % \label{eq:DYN_adv} 
    470442  \left\{ 
    471443    \begin{aligned} 
     
    487459or a $3^{rd}$ order upstream biased scheme, UBS. 
    488460The latter is described in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    489 The schemes are selected using the namelist logicals \np{ln\_dynadv\_cen2} and \np{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}. 
     461The schemes are selected using the namelist logicals \np{ln_dynadv_cen2}{ln\_dynadv\_cen2} and \np{ln_dynadv_ubs}{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}. 
    490462In flux form, the schemes differ by the choice of a space and time interpolation to define the value of 
    491463$u$ and $v$ at the centre of each face of $u$- and $v$-cells, \ie\ at the $T$-, $f$-, 
    492464and $uw$-points for $u$ and at the $f$-, $T$- and $vw$-points for $v$. 
    493465 
    494 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    495466%                 2nd order centred scheme 
    496 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    497 \subsubsection[CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\forcode{ln_dynadv_cen2 = .true.})] 
    498 {CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynadv\_cen2}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     467%% ================================================================================================= 
     468\subsubsection[CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\forcode{ln_dynadv_cen2})]{CEN2: $2^{nd}$ order centred scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynadv_cen2}{ln\_dynadv\_cen2})} 
    499469\label{subsec:DYN_adv_cen2} 
    500470 
    501471In the centered $2^{nd}$ order formulation, the velocity is evaluated as the mean of the two neighbouring points: 
    502472\begin{equation} 
    503   \label{eq:dynadv_cen2} 
     473  \label{eq:DYN_adv_cen2} 
    504474  \left\{ 
    505475    \begin{aligned} 
     
    516486so $u$ and $v$ are the \emph{now} velocities. 
    517487 
    518 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    519488%                 UBS scheme 
    520 %------------------------------------------------------------- 
    521 \subsubsection[UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\forcode{ln_dynadv_ubs = .true.})] 
    522 {UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     489%% ================================================================================================= 
     490\subsubsection[UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\forcode{ln_dynadv_ubs})]{UBS: Upstream Biased Scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynadv_ubs}{ln\_dynadv\_ubs})} 
    523491\label{subsec:DYN_adv_ubs} 
    524492 
     
    527495For example, the evaluation of $u_T^{ubs} $ is done as follows: 
    528496\begin{equation} 
    529   \label{eq:dynadv_ubs} 
     497  \label{eq:DYN_adv_ubs} 
    530498  u_T^{ubs} =\overline u ^i-\;\frac{1}{6} 
    531499  \begin{cases} 
     
    542510But the amplitudes of the false extrema are significantly reduced over those in the centred second order method. 
    543511As the scheme already includes a diffusion component, it can be used without explicit lateral diffusion on momentum 
    544 (\ie\ \np{ln\_dynldf\_lap}\forcode{ = }\np{ln\_dynldf\_bilap}\forcode{ = .false.}), 
     512(\ie\ \np[=]{ln_dynldf_lap}{ln\_dynldf\_lap}\np[=.false.]{ln_dynldf_bilap}{ln\_dynldf\_bilap}), 
    545513and it is recommended to do so. 
    546514 
    547515The UBS scheme is not used in all directions. 
    548516In the vertical, the centred $2^{nd}$ order evaluation of the advection is preferred, \ie\ $u_{uw}^{ubs}$ and 
    549 $u_{vw}^{ubs}$ in \autoref{eq:dynadv_cen2} are used. 
     517$u_{vw}^{ubs}$ in \autoref{eq:DYN_adv_cen2} are used. 
    550518UBS is diffusive and is associated with vertical mixing of momentum. \gmcomment{ gm  pursue the 
    551519sentence:Since vertical mixing of momentum is a source term of the TKE equation...  } 
    552520 
    553 For stability reasons, the first term in (\autoref{eq:dynadv_ubs}), 
     521For stability reasons, the first term in (\autoref{eq:DYN_adv_ubs}), 
    554522which corresponds to a second order centred scheme, is evaluated using the \textit{now} velocity (centred in time), 
    555523while the second term, which is the diffusion part of the scheme, 
     
    559527Note that the UBS and QUICK (Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) schemes only differ by 
    560528one coefficient. 
    561 Replacing $1/6$ by $1/8$ in (\autoref{eq:dynadv_ubs}) leads to the QUICK advection scheme \citep{webb.de-cuevas.ea_JAOT98}. 
     529Replacing $1/6$ by $1/8$ in (\autoref{eq:DYN_adv_ubs}) leads to the QUICK advection scheme \citep{webb.de-cuevas.ea_JAOT98}. 
    562530This option is not available through a namelist parameter, since the $1/6$ coefficient is hard coded. 
    563531Nevertheless it is quite easy to make the substitution in the \mdl{dynadv\_ubs} module and obtain a QUICK scheme. 
     
    566534there is also the possibility of using a $4^{th}$ order evaluation of the advective velocity as in ROMS. 
    567535This is an error and should be suppressed soon. 
    568 %%% 
    569536\gmcomment{action :  this have to be done} 
    570 %%% 
    571  
    572 % ================================================================ 
    573 %           Hydrostatic pressure gradient term 
    574 % ================================================================ 
    575 \section[Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\textit{dynhpg.F90})] 
    576 {Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynhpg})} 
     537 
     538%% ================================================================================================= 
     539\section[Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\textit{dynhpg.F90})]{Hydrostatic pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynhpg})} 
    577540\label{sec:DYN_hpg} 
    578 %------------------------------------------nam_dynhpg--------------------------------------------------- 
    579  
    580 \nlst{namdyn_hpg} 
    581 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    582  
    583 Options are defined through the \nam{dyn\_hpg} namelist variables. 
     541 
     542\begin{listing} 
     543  \nlst{namdyn_hpg} 
     544  \caption{\forcode{&namdyn_hpg}} 
     545  \label{lst:namdyn_hpg} 
     546\end{listing} 
     547 
     548Options are defined through the \nam{dyn_hpg}{dyn\_hpg} namelist variables. 
    584549The key distinction between the different algorithms used for 
    585550the hydrostatic pressure gradient is the vertical coordinate used, 
     
    593558At the lateral boundaries either free slip, no slip or partial slip boundary conditions are applied. 
    594559 
    595 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    596 %           z-coordinate with full step 
    597 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    598 \subsection[Full step $Z$-coordinate (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_zco = .true.})] 
    599 {Full step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_zco}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     560%% ================================================================================================= 
     561\subsection[Full step $Z$-coordinate (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_zco})]{Full step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln_dynhpg_zco}{ln\_dynhpg\_zco})} 
    600562\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_zco} 
    601563 
     
    607569for $k=km$ (surface layer, $jk=1$ in the code) 
    608570\begin{equation} 
    609   \label{eq:dynhpg_zco_surf} 
     571  \label{eq:DYN_hpg_zco_surf} 
    610572  \left\{ 
    611573    \begin{aligned} 
     
    620582for $1<k<km$ (interior layer) 
    621583\begin{equation} 
    622   \label{eq:dynhpg_zco} 
     584  \label{eq:DYN_hpg_zco} 
    623585  \left\{ 
    624586    \begin{aligned} 
     
    633595\end{equation} 
    634596 
    635 Note that the $1/2$ factor in (\autoref{eq:dynhpg_zco_surf}) is adequate because of the definition of $e_{3w}$ as 
     597Note that the $1/2$ factor in (\autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_zco_surf}) is adequate because of the definition of $e_{3w}$ as 
    636598the vertical derivative of the scale factor at the surface level ($z=0$). 
    637599Note also that in case of variable volume level (\texttt{vvl?} defined), 
    638 the surface pressure gradient is included in \autoref{eq:dynhpg_zco_surf} and 
    639 \autoref{eq:dynhpg_zco} through the space and time variations of the vertical scale factor $e_{3w}$. 
    640  
    641 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    642 %           z-coordinate with partial step 
    643 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    644 \subsection[Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_zps = .true.})] 
    645 {Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_zps}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     600the surface pressure gradient is included in \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_zco_surf} and 
     601\autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_zco} through the space and time variations of the vertical scale factor $e_{3w}$. 
     602 
     603%% ================================================================================================= 
     604\subsection[Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_zps})]{Partial step $Z$-coordinate (\protect\np{ln_dynhpg_zps}{ln\_dynhpg\_zps})} 
    646605\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_zps} 
    647606 
     
    661620module \mdl{zpsdhe} located in the TRA directory and described in \autoref{sec:TRA_zpshde}. 
    662621 
    663 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    664 %           s- and s-z-coordinates 
    665 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
     622%% ================================================================================================= 
    666623\subsection{$S$- and $Z$-$S$-coordinates} 
    667624\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_sco} 
     
    672629density Jacobian with cubic polynomial method is currently disabled whilst known bugs are under investigation. 
    673630 
    674 $\bullet$ Traditional coding (see for example \citet{madec.delecluse.ea_JPO96}: (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
    675 \begin{equation} 
    676   \label{eq:dynhpg_sco} 
     631$\bullet$ Traditional coding (see for example \citet{madec.delecluse.ea_JPO96}: (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_sco}{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}) 
     632\begin{equation} 
     633  \label{eq:DYN_hpg_sco} 
    677634  \left\{ 
    678635    \begin{aligned} 
     
    686643 
    687644Where the first term is the pressure gradient along coordinates, 
    688 computed as in \autoref{eq:dynhpg_zco_surf} - \autoref{eq:dynhpg_zco}, 
     645computed as in \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_zco_surf} - \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_zco}, 
    689646and $z_T$ is the depth of the $T$-point evaluated from the sum of the vertical scale factors at the $w$-point 
    690647($e_{3w}$). 
    691648 
    692 $\bullet$ Traditional coding with adaptation for ice shelf cavities (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_isf}\forcode{ = .true.}). 
    693 This scheme need the activation of ice shelf cavities (\np{ln\_isfcav}\forcode{ = .true.}). 
    694  
    695 $\bullet$ Pressure Jacobian scheme (prj) (a research paper in preparation) (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
     649$\bullet$ Traditional coding with adaptation for ice shelf cavities (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_isf}{ln\_dynhpg\_isf}). 
     650This scheme need the activation of ice shelf cavities (\np[=.true.]{ln_isfcav}{ln\_isfcav}). 
     651 
     652$\bullet$ Pressure Jacobian scheme (prj) (a research paper in preparation) (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_prj}{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}) 
    696653 
    697654$\bullet$ Density Jacobian with cubic polynomial scheme (DJC) \citep{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05} 
    698 (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_djc}\forcode{ = .true.}) (currently disabled; under development) 
    699  
    700 Note that expression \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco} is commonly used when the variable volume formulation is activated 
     655(\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_djc}{ln\_dynhpg\_djc}) (currently disabled; under development) 
     656 
     657Note that expression \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_sco} is commonly used when the variable volume formulation is activated 
    701658(\texttt{vvl?}) because in that case, even with a flat bottom, 
    702659the coordinate surfaces are not horizontal but follow the free surface \citep{levier.treguier.ea_rpt07}. 
    703 The pressure jacobian scheme (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}\forcode{ = .true.}) is available as 
    704 an improved option to \np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.} when \texttt{vvl?} is active. 
     660The pressure jacobian scheme (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_prj}{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}) is available as 
     661an improved option to \np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_sco}{ln\_dynhpg\_sco} when \texttt{vvl?} is active. 
    705662The pressure Jacobian scheme uses a constrained cubic spline to 
    706663reconstruct the density profile across the water column. 
     
    710667This method can provide a more accurate calculation of the horizontal pressure gradient than the standard scheme. 
    711668 
     669%% ================================================================================================= 
    712670\subsection{Ice shelf cavity} 
    713671\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_isf} 
     672 
    714673Beneath an ice shelf, the total pressure gradient is the sum of the pressure gradient due to the ice shelf load and 
    715 the pressure gradient due to the ocean load (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_isf}\forcode{ = .true.}).\\ 
     674the pressure gradient due to the ocean load (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_isf}{ln\_dynhpg\_isf}).\\ 
    716675 
    717676The main hypothesis to compute the ice shelf load is that the ice shelf is in an isostatic equilibrium. 
     
    722681A detailed description of this method is described in \citet{losch_JGR08}.\\ 
    723682 
    724 The pressure gradient due to ocean load is computed using the expression \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco} described in 
     683The pressure gradient due to ocean load is computed using the expression \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_sco} described in 
    725684\autoref{subsec:DYN_hpg_sco}. 
    726685 
    727 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    728 %           Time-scheme 
    729 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    730 \subsection[Time-scheme (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_imp = .{true,false}.})] 
    731 {Time-scheme (\protect\np{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}\forcode{ = .\{true,false\}}.)} 
     686%% ================================================================================================= 
     687\subsection[Time-scheme (\forcode{ln_dynhpg_imp})]{Time-scheme (\protect\np{ln_dynhpg_imp}{ln\_dynhpg\_imp})} 
    732688\label{subsec:DYN_hpg_imp} 
    733689 
     
    745701rather than at the central time level $t$ only, as in the standard leapfrog scheme. 
    746702 
    747 $\bullet$ leapfrog scheme (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}\forcode{ = .true.}): 
    748  
    749 \begin{equation} 
    750   \label{eq:dynhpg_lf} 
     703$\bullet$ leapfrog scheme (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_imp}{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}): 
     704 
     705\begin{equation} 
     706  \label{eq:DYN_hpg_lf} 
    751707  \frac{u^{t+\rdt}-u^{t-\rdt}}{2\rdt} = \;\cdots \; 
    752708  -\frac{1}{\rho_o \,e_{1u} }\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {p_h^t } \right] 
    753709\end{equation} 
    754710 
    755 $\bullet$ semi-implicit scheme (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}\forcode{ = .true.}): 
    756 \begin{equation} 
    757   \label{eq:dynhpg_imp} 
     711$\bullet$ semi-implicit scheme (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_imp}{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}): 
     712\begin{equation} 
     713  \label{eq:DYN_hpg_imp} 
    758714  \frac{u^{t+\rdt}-u^{t-\rdt}}{2\rdt} = \;\cdots \; 
    759715  -\frac{1}{4\,\rho_o \,e_{1u} } \delta_{i+1/2} \left[ p_h^{t+\rdt} +2\,p_h^t +p_h^{t-\rdt}  \right] 
    760716\end{equation} 
    761717 
    762 The semi-implicit time scheme \autoref{eq:dynhpg_imp} is made possible without 
     718The semi-implicit time scheme \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_imp} is made possible without 
    763719significant additional computation since the density can be updated to time level $t+\rdt$ before 
    764720computing the horizontal hydrostatic pressure gradient. 
    765721It can be easily shown that the stability limit associated with the hydrostatic pressure gradient doubles using 
    766 \autoref{eq:dynhpg_imp} compared to that using the standard leapfrog scheme \autoref{eq:dynhpg_lf}. 
    767 Note that \autoref{eq:dynhpg_imp} is equivalent to applying a time filter to the pressure gradient to 
     722\autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_imp} compared to that using the standard leapfrog scheme \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_lf}. 
     723Note that \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_imp} is equivalent to applying a time filter to the pressure gradient to 
    768724eliminate high frequency IGWs. 
    769 Obviously, when using \autoref{eq:dynhpg_imp}, 
     725Obviously, when using \autoref{eq:DYN_hpg_imp}, 
    770726the doubling of the time-step is achievable only if no other factors control the time-step, 
    771727such as the stability limits associated with advection or diffusion. 
    772728 
    773 In practice, the semi-implicit scheme is used when \np{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}\forcode{ = .true.}. 
     729In practice, the semi-implicit scheme is used when \np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_imp}{ln\_dynhpg\_imp}. 
    774730In this case, we choose to apply the time filter to temperature and salinity used in the equation of state, 
    775731instead of applying it to the hydrostatic pressure or to the density, 
     
    777733The density used to compute the hydrostatic pressure gradient (whatever the formulation) is evaluated as follows: 
    778734\[ 
    779   % \label{eq:rho_flt} 
     735  % \label{eq:DYN_rho_flt} 
    780736  \rho^t = \rho( \widetilde{T},\widetilde {S},z_t) 
    781737  \quad    \text{with}  \quad 
     
    785741Note that in the semi-implicit case, it is necessary to save the filtered density, 
    786742an extra three-dimensional field, in the restart file to restart the model with exact reproducibility. 
    787 This option is controlled by  \np{nn\_dynhpg\_rst}, a namelist parameter. 
    788  
    789 % ================================================================ 
    790 % Surface Pressure Gradient 
    791 % ================================================================ 
    792 \section[Surface pressure gradient (\textit{dynspg.F90})] 
    793 {Surface pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynspg})} 
     743This option is controlled by  \np{nn_dynhpg_rst}{nn\_dynhpg\_rst}, a namelist parameter. 
     744 
     745%% ================================================================================================= 
     746\section[Surface pressure gradient (\textit{dynspg.F90})]{Surface pressure gradient (\protect\mdl{dynspg})} 
    794747\label{sec:DYN_spg} 
    795 %-----------------------------------------nam_dynspg---------------------------------------------------- 
    796  
    797 \nlst{namdyn_spg} 
    798 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    799  
    800 Options are defined through the \nam{dyn\_spg} namelist variables. 
    801 The surface pressure gradient term is related to the representation of the free surface (\autoref{sec:PE_hor_pg}). 
     748 
     749\begin{listing} 
     750  \nlst{namdyn_spg} 
     751  \caption{\forcode{&namdyn_spg}} 
     752  \label{lst:namdyn_spg} 
     753\end{listing} 
     754 
     755Options are defined through the \nam{dyn_spg}{dyn\_spg} namelist variables. 
     756The surface pressure gradient term is related to the representation of the free surface (\autoref{sec:MB_hor_pg}). 
    802757The main distinction is between the fixed volume case (linear free surface) and 
    803758the variable volume case (nonlinear free surface, \texttt{vvl?} is defined). 
    804 In the linear free surface case (\autoref{subsec:PE_free_surface}) 
     759In the linear free surface case (\autoref{subsec:MB_free_surface}) 
    805760the vertical scale factors $e_{3}$ are fixed in time, 
    806 while they are time-dependent in the nonlinear case (\autoref{subsec:PE_free_surface}). 
     761while they are time-dependent in the nonlinear case (\autoref{subsec:MB_free_surface}). 
    807762With both linear and nonlinear free surface, external gravity waves are allowed in the equations, 
    808763which imposes a very small time step when an explicit time stepping is used. 
    809764Two methods are proposed to allow a longer time step for the three-dimensional equations: 
    810 the filtered free surface, which is a modification of the continuous equations (see \autoref{eq:PE_flt?}), 
     765the filtered free surface, which is a modification of the continuous equations (see \autoref{eq:MB_flt?}), 
    811766and the split-explicit free surface described below. 
    812767The extra term introduced in the filtered method is calculated implicitly, 
    813768so that the update of the next velocities is done in module \mdl{dynspg\_flt} and not in \mdl{dynnxt}. 
    814769 
    815  
    816770The form of the surface pressure gradient term depends on how the user wants to 
    817 handle the fast external gravity waves that are a solution of the analytical equation (\autoref{sec:PE_hor_pg}). 
     771handle the fast external gravity waves that are a solution of the analytical equation (\autoref{sec:MB_hor_pg}). 
    818772Three formulations are available, all controlled by a CPP key (ln\_dynspg\_xxx): 
    819773an explicit formulation which requires a small time step; 
     
    825779As a consequence the update of the $next$ velocities is done in module \mdl{dynspg\_flt} and not in \mdl{dynnxt}. 
    826780 
    827  
    828 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    829 % Explicit free surface formulation 
    830 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    831 \subsection[Explicit free surface (\texttt{ln\_dynspg\_exp}\forcode{ = .true.})] 
    832 {Explicit free surface (\protect\np{ln\_dynspg\_exp}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     781%% ================================================================================================= 
     782\subsection[Explicit free surface (\forcode{ln_dynspg_exp})]{Explicit free surface (\protect\np{ln_dynspg_exp}{ln\_dynspg\_exp})} 
    833783\label{subsec:DYN_spg_exp} 
    834784 
    835 In the explicit free surface formulation (\np{ln\_dynspg\_exp} set to true), 
     785In the explicit free surface formulation (\np{ln_dynspg_exp}{ln\_dynspg\_exp} set to true), 
    836786the model time step is chosen to be small enough to resolve the external gravity waves 
    837787(typically a few tens of seconds). 
     
    839789is thus simply given by : 
    840790\begin{equation} 
    841   \label{eq:dynspg_exp} 
     791  \label{eq:DYN_spg_exp} 
    842792  \left\{ 
    843793    \begin{aligned} 
     
    853803Thus, nothing is done in the \mdl{dynspg\_exp} module. 
    854804 
    855 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    856 % Split-explict free surface formulation 
    857 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    858 \subsection[Split-explicit free surface (\texttt{ln\_dynspg\_ts}\forcode{ = .true.})] 
    859 {Split-explicit free surface (\protect\np{ln\_dynspg\_ts}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     805%% ================================================================================================= 
     806\subsection[Split-explicit free surface (\forcode{ln_dynspg_ts})]{Split-explicit free surface (\protect\np{ln_dynspg_ts}{ln\_dynspg\_ts})} 
    860807\label{subsec:DYN_spg_ts} 
    861 %------------------------------------------namsplit----------------------------------------------------------- 
    862 % 
    863808%\nlst{namsplit} 
    864 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    865  
    866 The split-explicit free surface formulation used in \NEMO\ (\np{ln\_dynspg\_ts} set to true), 
     809 
     810The split-explicit free surface formulation used in \NEMO\ (\np{ln_dynspg_ts}{ln\_dynspg\_ts} set to true), 
    867811also called the time-splitting formulation, follows the one proposed by \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    868812The general idea is to solve the free surface equation and the associated barotropic velocity equations with 
    869813a smaller time step than $\rdt$, the time step used for the three dimensional prognostic variables 
    870 (\autoref{fig:DYN_dynspg_ts}). 
     814(\autoref{fig:DYN_spg_ts}). 
    871815The size of the small time step, $\rdt_e$ (the external mode or barotropic time step) is provided through 
    872 the \np{nn\_baro} namelist parameter as: $\rdt_e = \rdt / nn\_baro$. 
    873 This parameter can be optionally defined automatically (\np{ln\_bt\_nn\_auto}\forcode{ = .true.}) considering that 
     816the \np{nn_baro}{nn\_baro} namelist parameter as: $\rdt_e = \rdt / nn\_baro$. 
     817This parameter can be optionally defined automatically (\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_nn_auto}{ln\_bt\_nn\_auto}) considering that 
    874818the stability of the barotropic system is essentially controled by external waves propagation. 
    875819Maximum Courant number is in that case time independent, and easily computed online from the input bathymetry. 
    876 Therefore, $\rdt_e$ is adjusted so that the Maximum allowed Courant number is smaller than \np{rn\_bt\_cmax}. 
    877  
    878 %%% 
     820Therefore, $\rdt_e$ is adjusted so that the Maximum allowed Courant number is smaller than \np{rn_bt_cmax}{rn\_bt\_cmax}. 
     821 
    879822The barotropic mode solves the following equations: 
    880823% \begin{subequations} 
    881 %  \label{eq:BT} 
    882 \begin{equation} 
    883   \label{eq:BT_dyn} 
     824%  \label{eq:DYN_BT} 
     825\begin{equation} 
     826  \label{eq:DYN_BT_dyn} 
    884827  \frac{\partial {\mathrm \overline{{\mathbf U}}_h} }{\partial t}= 
    885828  -f\;{\mathrm {\mathbf k}}\times {\mathrm \overline{{\mathbf U}}_h} 
     
    887830\end{equation} 
    888831\[ 
    889   % \label{eq:BT_ssh} 
     832  % \label{eq:DYN_BT_ssh} 
    890833  \frac{\partial \eta }{\partial t}=-\nabla \cdot \left[ {\left( {H+\eta } \right) \; {\mathrm{\mathbf \overline{U}}}_h \,} \right]+P-E 
    891834\] 
     
    893836where $\mathrm {\overline{\mathbf G}}$ is a forcing term held constant, containing coupling term between modes, 
    894837surface atmospheric forcing as well as slowly varying barotropic terms not explicitly computed to gain efficiency. 
    895 The third term on the right hand side of \autoref{eq:BT_dyn} represents the bottom stress 
    896 (see section \autoref{sec:ZDF_bfr}), explicitly accounted for at each barotropic iteration. 
     838The third term on the right hand side of \autoref{eq:DYN_BT_dyn} represents the bottom stress 
     839(see section \autoref{sec:ZDF_drg}), explicitly accounted for at each barotropic iteration. 
    897840Temporal discretization of the system above follows a three-time step Generalized Forward Backward algorithm 
    898841detailed in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
     
    901844(see their figure 12, lower left). 
    902845 
    903 %>   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   > 
    904846\begin{figure}[!t] 
    905   \begin{center} 
    906     \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_dynspg_ts} 
    907     \caption{ 
    908       \protect\label{fig:DYN_dynspg_ts} 
    909       Schematic of the split-explicit time stepping scheme for the external and internal modes. 
    910       Time increases to the right. In this particular exemple, 
    911       a boxcar averaging window over $nn\_baro$ barotropic time steps is used ($nn\_bt\_flt=1$) and $nn\_baro=5$. 
    912       Internal mode time steps (which are also the model time steps) are denoted by $t-\rdt$, $t$ and $t+\rdt$. 
    913       Variables with $k$ superscript refer to instantaneous barotropic variables, 
    914       $< >$ and $<< >>$ operator refer to time filtered variables using respectively primary (red vertical bars) and 
    915       secondary weights (blue vertical bars). 
    916       The former are used to obtain time filtered quantities at $t+\rdt$ while 
    917       the latter are used to obtain time averaged transports to advect tracers. 
    918       a) Forward time integration: \protect\np{ln\_bt\_fw}\forcode{ = .true.}, 
    919       \protect\np{ln\_bt\_av}\forcode{ = .true.}. 
    920       b) Centred time integration: \protect\np{ln\_bt\_fw}\forcode{ = .false.}, 
    921       \protect\np{ln\_bt\_av}\forcode{ = .true.}. 
    922       c) Forward time integration with no time filtering (POM-like scheme): 
    923       \protect\np{ln\_bt\_fw}\forcode{ = .true.}, \protect\np{ln\_bt\_av}\forcode{ = .false.}. 
    924     } 
    925   \end{center} 
     847  \centering 
     848  \includegraphics[width=0.66\textwidth]{Fig_DYN_dynspg_ts} 
     849  \caption[Split-explicit time stepping scheme for the external and internal modes]{ 
     850    Schematic of the split-explicit time stepping scheme for the external and internal modes. 
     851    Time increases to the right. 
     852    In this particular exemple, 
     853    a boxcar averaging window over \np{nn_baro}{nn\_baro} barotropic time steps is used 
     854    (\np[=1]{nn_bt_flt}{nn\_bt\_flt}) and \np[=5]{nn_baro}{nn\_baro}. 
     855    Internal mode time steps (which are also the model time steps) are denoted by 
     856    $t-\rdt$, $t$ and $t+\rdt$. 
     857    Variables with $k$ superscript refer to instantaneous barotropic variables, 
     858    $< >$ and $<< >>$ operator refer to time filtered variables using respectively primary 
     859    (red vertical bars) and secondary weights (blue vertical bars). 
     860    The former are used to obtain time filtered quantities at $t+\rdt$ while 
     861    the latter are used to obtain time averaged transports to advect tracers. 
     862    a) Forward time integration: 
     863    \protect\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_fw}{ln\_bt\_fw},  \protect\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_av}{ln\_bt\_av}. 
     864    b) Centred time integration: 
     865    \protect\np[=.false.]{ln_bt_fw}{ln\_bt\_fw}, \protect\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_av}{ln\_bt\_av}. 
     866    c) Forward time integration with no time filtering (POM-like scheme): 
     867    \protect\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_fw}{ln\_bt\_fw},  \protect\np[=.false.]{ln_bt_av}{ln\_bt\_av}.} 
     868  \label{fig:DYN_spg_ts} 
    926869\end{figure} 
    927 %>   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   >   > 
    928  
    929 In the default case (\np{ln\_bt\_fw}\forcode{ = .true.}), 
     870 
     871In the default case (\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_fw}{ln\_bt\_fw}), 
    930872the external mode is integrated between \textit{now} and \textit{after} baroclinic time-steps 
    931 (\autoref{fig:DYN_dynspg_ts}a). 
     873(\autoref{fig:DYN_spg_ts}a). 
    932874To avoid aliasing of fast barotropic motions into three dimensional equations, 
    933 time filtering is eventually applied on barotropic quantities (\np{ln\_bt\_av}\forcode{ = .true.}). 
     875time filtering is eventually applied on barotropic quantities (\np[=.true.]{ln_bt_av}{ln\_bt\_av}). 
    934876In that case, the integration is extended slightly beyond \textit{after} time step to 
    935877provide time filtered quantities. 
     
    938880asselin filtering is not applied to barotropic quantities.\\ 
    939881Alternatively, one can choose to integrate barotropic equations starting from \textit{before} time step 
    940 (\np{ln\_bt\_fw}\forcode{ = .false.}). 
    941 Although more computationaly expensive ( \np{nn\_baro} additional iterations are indeed necessary), 
     882(\np[=.false.]{ln_bt_fw}{ln\_bt\_fw}). 
     883Although more computationaly expensive ( \np{nn_baro}{nn\_baro} additional iterations are indeed necessary), 
    942884the baroclinic to barotropic forcing term given at \textit{now} time step become centred in 
    943885the middle of the integration window. 
     
    946888%references to Patrick Marsaleix' work here. Also work done by SHOM group. 
    947889 
    948 %%% 
    949890 
    950891As far as tracer conservation is concerned, 
     
    960901obtain exact conservation. 
    961902 
    962 %%% 
    963903 
    964904One can eventually choose to feedback instantaneous values by not using any time filter 
    965 (\np{ln\_bt\_av}\forcode{ = .false.}). 
     905(\np[=.false.]{ln_bt_av}{ln\_bt\_av}). 
    966906In that case, external mode equations are continuous in time, 
    967907\ie\ they are not re-initialized when starting a new sub-stepping sequence. 
     
    975915it is still significant as shown by \citet{levier.treguier.ea_rpt07} in the case of an analytical barotropic Kelvin wave. 
    976916 
    977 %>>>>>=============== 
    978917\gmcomment{               %%% copy from griffies Book 
    979918 
     
    10951034}            %%end gm comment (copy of griffies book) 
    10961035 
    1097 %>>>>>=============== 
    1098  
    1099  
    1100 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1101 % Filtered free surface formulation 
    1102 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1103 \subsection[Filtered free surface (\texttt{dynspg\_flt?})] 
    1104 {Filtered free surface (\protect\texttt{dynspg\_flt?})} 
     1036%% ================================================================================================= 
     1037\subsection{Filtered free surface (\forcode{dynspg_flt?})} 
    11051038\label{subsec:DYN_spg_fltp} 
    11061039 
    11071040The filtered formulation follows the \citet{roullet.madec_JGR00} implementation. 
    1108 The extra term introduced in the equations (see \autoref{subsec:PE_free_surface}) is solved implicitly. 
     1041The extra term introduced in the equations (see \autoref{subsec:MB_free_surface}) is solved implicitly. 
    11091042The elliptic solvers available in the code are documented in \autoref{chap:MISC}. 
    11101043 
     
    11121045\gmcomment{               %%% copy from chap-model basics 
    11131046  \[ 
    1114     % \label{eq:spg_flt} 
     1047    % \label{eq:DYN_spg_flt} 
    11151048    \frac{\partial {\mathrm {\mathbf U}}_h }{\partial t}= {\mathrm {\mathbf M}} 
    11161049    - g \nabla \left( \tilde{\rho} \ \eta \right) 
     
    11201053  $\widetilde{\rho} = \rho / \rho_o$ is the dimensionless density, 
    11211054  and $\mathrm {\mathbf M}$ represents the collected contributions of the Coriolis, hydrostatic pressure gradient, 
    1122   non-linear and viscous terms in \autoref{eq:PE_dyn}. 
     1055  non-linear and viscous terms in \autoref{eq:MB_dyn}. 
    11231056}   %end gmcomment 
    11241057 
     
    11271060It is computed once and for all and applies to all ocean time steps. 
    11281061 
    1129 % ================================================================ 
    1130 % Lateral diffusion term 
    1131 % ================================================================ 
    1132 \section[Lateral diffusion term and operators (\textit{dynldf.F90})] 
    1133 {Lateral diffusion term and operators (\protect\mdl{dynldf})} 
     1062%% ================================================================================================= 
     1063\section[Lateral diffusion term and operators (\textit{dynldf.F90})]{Lateral diffusion term and operators (\protect\mdl{dynldf})} 
    11341064\label{sec:DYN_ldf} 
    1135 %------------------------------------------nam_dynldf---------------------------------------------------- 
    1136  
    1137 \nlst{namdyn_ldf} 
    1138 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1139  
    1140 Options are defined through the \nam{dyn\_ldf} namelist variables. 
     1065 
     1066\begin{listing} 
     1067  \nlst{namdyn_ldf} 
     1068  \caption{\forcode{&namdyn_ldf}} 
     1069  \label{lst:namdyn_ldf} 
     1070\end{listing} 
     1071 
     1072Options are defined through the \nam{dyn_ldf}{dyn\_ldf} namelist variables. 
    11411073The options available for lateral diffusion are to use either laplacian (rotated or not) or biharmonic operators. 
    11421074The coefficients may be constant or spatially variable; 
     
    11451077\ie\ the velocity appearing in its expression is the \textit{before} velocity in time, 
    11461078except for the pure vertical component that appears when a tensor of rotation is used. 
    1147 This latter term is solved implicitly together with the vertical diffusion term (see \autoref{chap:STP}). 
     1079This latter term is solved implicitly together with the vertical diffusion term (see \autoref{chap:TD}). 
    11481080 
    11491081At the lateral boundaries either free slip, 
     
    11641096} 
    11651097 
    1166 % ================================================================ 
    1167 \subsection[Iso-level laplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_lap = .true.})] 
    1168 {Iso-level laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_lap}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     1098%% ================================================================================================= 
     1099\subsection[Iso-level laplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_lap})]{Iso-level laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln_dynldf_lap}{ln\_dynldf\_lap})} 
    11691100\label{subsec:DYN_ldf_lap} 
    11701101 
    11711102For lateral iso-level diffusion, the discrete operator is: 
    11721103\begin{equation} 
    1173   \label{eq:dynldf_lap} 
     1104  \label{eq:DYN_ldf_lap} 
    11741105  \left\{ 
    11751106    \begin{aligned} 
     
    11841115\end{equation} 
    11851116 
    1186 As explained in \autoref{subsec:PE_ldf}, 
     1117As explained in \autoref{subsec:MB_ldf}, 
    11871118this formulation (as the gradient of a divergence and curl of the vorticity) preserves symmetry and 
    11881119ensures a complete separation between the vorticity and divergence parts of the momentum diffusion. 
    11891120 
    1190 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1191 %           Rotated laplacian operator 
    1192 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1193 \subsection[Rotated laplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_iso = .true.})] 
    1194 {Rotated laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_iso}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     1121%% ================================================================================================= 
     1122\subsection[Rotated laplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_iso})]{Rotated laplacian operator (\protect\np{ln_dynldf_iso}{ln\_dynldf\_iso})} 
    11951123\label{subsec:DYN_ldf_iso} 
    11961124 
    11971125A rotation of the lateral momentum diffusion operator is needed in several cases: 
    1198 for iso-neutral diffusion in the $z$-coordinate (\np{ln\_dynldf\_iso}\forcode{ = .true.}) and 
    1199 for either iso-neutral (\np{ln\_dynldf\_iso}\forcode{ = .true.}) or 
    1200 geopotential (\np{ln\_dynldf\_hor}\forcode{ = .true.}) diffusion in the $s$-coordinate. 
     1126for iso-neutral diffusion in the $z$-coordinate (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynldf_iso}{ln\_dynldf\_iso}) and 
     1127for either iso-neutral (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynldf_iso}{ln\_dynldf\_iso}) or 
     1128geopotential (\np[=.true.]{ln_dynldf_hor}{ln\_dynldf\_hor}) diffusion in the $s$-coordinate. 
    12011129In the partial step case, coordinates are horizontal except at the deepest level and 
    1202 no rotation is performed when \np{ln\_dynldf\_hor}\forcode{ = .true.}. 
     1130no rotation is performed when \np[=.true.]{ln_dynldf_hor}{ln\_dynldf\_hor}. 
    12031131The diffusion operator is defined simply as the divergence of down gradient momentum fluxes on 
    12041132each momentum component. 
     
    12061134The resulting discrete representation is: 
    12071135\begin{equation} 
    1208   \label{eq:dyn_ldf_iso} 
     1136  \label{eq:DYN_ldf_iso} 
    12091137  \begin{split} 
    12101138    D_u^{l\textbf{U}} &= \frac{1}{e_{1u} \, e_{2u} \, e_{3u} } \\ 
     
    12471175The way these slopes are evaluated is given in the lateral physics chapter (\autoref{chap:LDF}). 
    12481176 
    1249 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1250 %           Iso-level bilaplacian operator 
    1251 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1252 \subsection[Iso-level bilaplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_bilap = .true.})] 
    1253 {Iso-level bilaplacian operator (\protect\np{ln\_dynldf\_bilap}\forcode{ = .true.})} 
     1177%% ================================================================================================= 
     1178\subsection[Iso-level bilaplacian (\forcode{ln_dynldf_bilap})]{Iso-level bilaplacian operator (\protect\np{ln_dynldf_bilap}{ln\_dynldf\_bilap})} 
    12541179\label{subsec:DYN_ldf_bilap} 
    12551180 
    1256 The lateral fourth order operator formulation on momentum is obtained by applying \autoref{eq:dynldf_lap} twice. 
     1181The lateral fourth order operator formulation on momentum is obtained by applying \autoref{eq:DYN_ldf_lap} twice. 
    12571182It requires an additional assumption on boundary conditions: 
    12581183the first derivative term normal to the coast depends on the free or no-slip lateral boundary conditions chosen, 
    12591184while the third derivative terms normal to the coast are set to zero (see \autoref{chap:LBC}). 
    1260 %%% 
    12611185\gmcomment{add a remark on the the change in the position of the coefficient} 
    1262 %%% 
    1263  
    1264 % ================================================================ 
    1265 %           Vertical diffusion term 
    1266 % ================================================================ 
    1267 \section[Vertical diffusion term (\textit{dynzdf.F90})] 
    1268 {Vertical diffusion term (\protect\mdl{dynzdf})} 
     1186 
     1187%% ================================================================================================= 
     1188\section[Vertical diffusion term (\textit{dynzdf.F90})]{Vertical diffusion term (\protect\mdl{dynzdf})} 
    12691189\label{sec:DYN_zdf} 
    1270 %----------------------------------------------namzdf------------------------------------------------------ 
    1271  
    1272 \nlst{namzdf} 
    1273 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1274  
    1275 Options are defined through the \nam{zdf} namelist variables. 
     1190 
     1191Options are defined through the \nam{zdf}{zdf} namelist variables. 
    12761192The large vertical diffusion coefficient found in the surface mixed layer together with high vertical resolution implies that in the case of explicit time stepping there would be too restrictive a constraint on the time step. 
    12771193Two time stepping schemes can be used for the vertical diffusion term: 
    12781194$(a)$ a forward time differencing scheme 
    1279 (\np{ln\_zdfexp}\forcode{ = .true.}) using a time splitting technique (\np{nn\_zdfexp} $>$ 1) or 
    1280 $(b)$ a backward (or implicit) time differencing scheme (\np{ln\_zdfexp}\forcode{ = .false.}) 
    1281 (see \autoref{chap:STP}). 
    1282 Note that namelist variables \np{ln\_zdfexp} and \np{nn\_zdfexp} apply to both tracers and dynamics. 
     1195(\np[=.true.]{ln_zdfexp}{ln\_zdfexp}) using a time splitting technique (\np{nn_zdfexp}{nn\_zdfexp} $>$ 1) or 
     1196$(b)$ a backward (or implicit) time differencing scheme (\np[=.false.]{ln_zdfexp}{ln\_zdfexp}) 
     1197(see \autoref{chap:TD}). 
     1198Note that namelist variables \np{ln_zdfexp}{ln\_zdfexp} and \np{nn_zdfexp}{nn\_zdfexp} apply to both tracers and dynamics. 
    12831199 
    12841200The formulation of the vertical subgrid scale physics is the same whatever the vertical coordinate is. 
    1285 The vertical diffusion operators given by \autoref{eq:PE_zdf} take the following semi-discrete space form: 
    1286 \[ 
    1287   % \label{eq:dynzdf} 
     1201The vertical diffusion operators given by \autoref{eq:MB_zdf} take the following semi-discrete space form: 
     1202\[ 
     1203  % \label{eq:DYN_zdf} 
    12881204  \left\{ 
    12891205    \begin{aligned} 
     
    13031219the vertical turbulent momentum fluxes, 
    13041220\begin{equation} 
    1305   \label{eq:dynzdf_sbc} 
     1221  \label{eq:DYN_zdf_sbc} 
    13061222  \left.{\left( {\frac{A^{vm} }{e_3 }\ \frac{\partial \textbf{U}_h}{\partial k}} \right)} \right|_{z=1} 
    13071223  = \frac{1}{\rho_o} \binom{\tau_u}{\tau_v } 
     
    13161232 
    13171233The turbulent flux of momentum at the bottom of the ocean is specified through a bottom friction parameterisation 
    1318 (see \autoref{sec:ZDF_bfr}) 
    1319  
    1320 % ================================================================ 
    1321 % External Forcing 
    1322 % ================================================================ 
     1234(see \autoref{sec:ZDF_drg}) 
     1235 
     1236%% ================================================================================================= 
    13231237\section{External forcings} 
    13241238\label{sec:DYN_forcing} 
     
    13281242three other forcings may enter the dynamical equations by affecting the surface pressure gradient. 
    13291243 
    1330 (1) When \np{ln\_apr\_dyn}\forcode{ = .true.} (see \autoref{sec:SBC_apr}), 
     1244(1) When \np[=.true.]{ln_apr_dyn}{ln\_apr\_dyn} (see \autoref{sec:SBC_apr}), 
    13311245the atmospheric pressure is taken into account when computing the surface pressure gradient. 
    13321246 
    1333 (2) When \np{ln\_tide\_pot}\forcode{ = .true.} and \np{ln\_tide}\forcode{ = .true.} (see \autoref{sec:SBC_tide}), 
     1247(2) When \np[=.true.]{ln_tide_pot}{ln\_tide\_pot} and \np[=.true.]{ln_tide}{ln\_tide} (see \autoref{sec:SBC_tide}), 
    13341248the tidal potential is taken into account when computing the surface pressure gradient. 
    13351249 
    1336 (3) When \np{nn\_ice\_embd}\forcode{ = 2} and LIM or CICE is used 
     1250(3) When \np[=2]{nn_ice_embd}{nn\_ice\_embd} and LIM or CICE is used 
    13371251(\ie\ when the sea-ice is embedded in the ocean), 
    13381252the snow-ice mass is taken into account when computing the surface pressure gradient. 
    13391253 
    1340  
    13411254\gmcomment{ missing : the lateral boundary condition !!!   another external forcing 
    13421255 } 
    13431256 
    1344 % ================================================================ 
    1345 % Wetting and drying 
    1346 % ================================================================ 
     1257%% ================================================================================================= 
    13471258\section{Wetting and drying } 
    13481259\label{sec:DYN_wetdry} 
     1260 
    13491261There are two main options for wetting and drying code (wd): 
    13501262(a) an iterative limiter (il) and (b) a directional limiter (dl). 
     
    13561268by setting $\mathrm{ln\_wd\_dl} = \mathrm{.true.}$ and $\mathrm{ln\_wd\_il} = \mathrm{.false.}$. 
    13571269 
    1358 \nlst{namwad} 
     1270\begin{listing} 
     1271  \nlst{namwad} 
     1272  \caption{\forcode{&namwad}} 
     1273  \label{lst:namwad} 
     1274\end{listing} 
    13591275 
    13601276The following terminology is used. The depth of the topography (positive downwards) 
     
    13911307The final sub-section covers some additional considerations that are relevant to both schemes. 
    13921308 
    1393  
    1394 %----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    13951309%   Iterative limiters 
    1396 %----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1397 \subsection[Directional limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})] 
    1398 {Directional limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
     1310%% ================================================================================================= 
     1311\subsection[Directional limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})]{Directional limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
    13991312\label{subsec:DYN_wd_directional_limiter} 
     1313 
    14001314The principal idea of the directional limiter is that 
    1401 water should not be allowed to flow out of a dry tracer cell (i.e. one whose water depth is less than \np{rn\_wdmin1}). 
     1315water should not be allowed to flow out of a dry tracer cell (i.e. one whose water depth is less than \np{rn_wdmin1}{rn\_wdmin1}). 
    14021316 
    14031317All the changes associated with this option are made to the barotropic solver for the non-linear 
     
    14091323 
    14101324The flux across each $u$-face of a tracer cell is multiplied by a factor zuwdmask (an array which depends on ji and jj). 
    1411 If the user sets \np{ln\_wd\_dl\_ramp}\forcode{ = .false.} then zuwdmask is 1 when the 
    1412 flux is from a cell with water depth greater than \np{rn\_wdmin1} and 0 otherwise. If the user sets 
    1413 \np{ln\_wd\_dl\_ramp}\forcode{ = .true.} the flux across the face is ramped down as the water depth decreases 
    1414 from 2 * \np{rn\_wdmin1} to \np{rn\_wdmin1}. The use of this ramp reduced grid-scale noise in idealised test cases. 
     1325If the user sets \np[=.false.]{ln_wd_dl_ramp}{ln\_wd\_dl\_ramp} then zuwdmask is 1 when the 
     1326flux is from a cell with water depth greater than \np{rn_wdmin1}{rn\_wdmin1} and 0 otherwise. If the user sets 
     1327\np[=.true.]{ln_wd_dl_ramp}{ln\_wd\_dl\_ramp} the flux across the face is ramped down as the water depth decreases 
     1328from 2 * \np{rn_wdmin1}{rn\_wdmin1} to \np{rn_wdmin1}{rn\_wdmin1}. The use of this ramp reduced grid-scale noise in idealised test cases. 
    14151329 
    14161330At the point where the flux across a $u$-face is multiplied by zuwdmask , we have chosen 
     
    14221336treatment in the calculation of the flux of mass across the cell face. 
    14231337 
    1424  
    14251338\cite{warner.defne.ea_CG13} state that in their scheme the velocity masks at the cell faces for the baroclinic 
    14261339timesteps are set to 0 or 1 depending on whether the average of the masks over the barotropic sub-steps is respectively less than 
     
    14281341fields (tracers independent of $x$, $y$ and $z$). Our scheme conserves constant tracers because 
    14291342the velocities used at the tracer cell faces on the baroclinic timesteps are carefully calculated by dynspg\_ts 
    1430 to equal their mean value during the barotropic steps. If the user sets \np{ln\_wd\_dl\_bc}\forcode{ = .true.}, the 
     1343to equal their mean value during the barotropic steps. If the user sets \np[=.true.]{ln_wd_dl_bc}{ln\_wd\_dl\_bc}, the 
    14311344baroclinic velocities are also multiplied by a suitably weighted average of zuwdmask. 
    14321345 
    1433 %----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    14341346%   Iterative limiters 
    1435 %----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1436  
    1437 \subsection[Iterative limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})] 
    1438 {Iterative limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
     1347 
     1348%% ================================================================================================= 
     1349\subsection[Iterative limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})]{Iterative limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
    14391350\label{subsec:DYN_wd_iterative_limiter} 
    14401351 
    1441 \subsubsection[Iterative flux limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})] 
    1442 {Iterative flux limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
    1443 \label{subsubsec:DYN_wd_il_spg_limiter} 
     1352%% ================================================================================================= 
     1353\subsubsection[Iterative flux limiter (\textit{wet\_dry.F90})]{Iterative flux limiter (\mdl{wet\_dry})} 
     1354\label{subsec:DYN_wd_il_spg_limiter} 
    14441355 
    14451356The iterative limiter modifies the fluxes across the faces of cells that are either already ``dry'' 
     
    14491360 
    14501361The continuity equation for the total water depth in a column 
    1451 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_continuity} 
    1452  \frac{\partial h}{\partial t} + \mathbf{\nabla.}(h\mathbf{u}) = 0 . 
     1362\begin{equation} 
     1363  \label{eq:DYN_wd_continuity} 
     1364  \frac{\partial h}{\partial t} + \mathbf{\nabla.}(h\mathbf{u}) = 0 . 
    14531365\end{equation} 
    14541366can be written in discrete form  as 
    14551367 
    1456 \begin{align} \label{dyn_wd_continuity_2} 
    1457 \frac{e_1 e_2}{\Delta t} ( h_{i,j}(t_{n+1}) - h_{i,j}(t_e) ) 
    1458 &= - ( \mathrm{flxu}_{i+1,j} - \mathrm{flxu}_{i,j}  + \mathrm{flxv}_{i,j+1} - \mathrm{flxv}_{i,j} ) \\ 
    1459 &= \mathrm{zzflx}_{i,j} . 
     1368\begin{align} 
     1369  \label{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_2} 
     1370  \frac{e_1 e_2}{\Delta t} ( h_{i,j}(t_{n+1}) - h_{i,j}(t_e) ) 
     1371  &= - ( \mathrm{flxu}_{i+1,j} - \mathrm{flxu}_{i,j}  + \mathrm{flxv}_{i,j+1} - \mathrm{flxv}_{i,j} ) \\ 
     1372  &= \mathrm{zzflx}_{i,j} . 
    14601373\end{align} 
    14611374 
     
    14701383(zzflxp) and fluxes that are into the cell (zzflxn).  Clearly 
    14711384 
    1472 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_zzflx_p_n_1} 
    1473 \mathrm{zzflx}_{i,j} = \mathrm{zzflxp}_{i,j} + \mathrm{zzflxn}_{i,j} . 
     1385\begin{equation} 
     1386  \label{eq:DYN_wd_zzflx_p_n_1} 
     1387  \mathrm{zzflx}_{i,j} = \mathrm{zzflxp}_{i,j} + \mathrm{zzflxn}_{i,j} . 
    14741388\end{equation} 
    14751389 
     
    14821396$\mathrm{zcoef}_{i,j}^{(m)}$ such that: 
    14831397 
    1484 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_continuity_coef} 
    1485 \begin{split} 
    1486 \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(m)}_{i,j} =& \mathrm{zcoef}_{i,j}^{(m)} \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(0)}_{i,j} \\ 
    1487 \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} =& \mathrm{zcoef}_{i,j}^{(m)} \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(0)}_{i,j} 
    1488 \end{split} 
     1398\begin{equation} 
     1399  \label{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_coef} 
     1400  \begin{split} 
     1401    \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(m)}_{i,j} =& \mathrm{zcoef}_{i,j}^{(m)} \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(0)}_{i,j} \\ 
     1402    \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} =& \mathrm{zcoef}_{i,j}^{(m)} \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(0)}_{i,j} 
     1403  \end{split} 
    14891404\end{equation} 
    14901405 
     
    14941409The iteration is initialised by setting 
    14951410 
    1496 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_zzflx_initial} 
    1497 \mathrm{zzflxp^{(0)}}_{i,j} = \mathrm{zzflxp}_{i,j} , \quad  \mathrm{zzflxn^{(0)}}_{i,j} = \mathrm{zzflxn}_{i,j} . 
     1411\begin{equation} 
     1412  \label{eq:DYN_wd_zzflx_initial} 
     1413  \mathrm{zzflxp^{(0)}}_{i,j} = \mathrm{zzflxp}_{i,j} , \quad  \mathrm{zzflxn^{(0)}}_{i,j} = \mathrm{zzflxn}_{i,j} . 
    14981414\end{equation} 
    14991415 
    15001416The fluxes out of cell $(i,j)$ are updated at the $m+1$th iteration if the depth of the 
    15011417cell on timestep $t_e$, namely $h_{i,j}(t_e)$, is less than the total flux out of the cell 
    1502 times the timestep divided by the cell area. Using (\ref{dyn_wd_continuity_2}) this 
     1418times the timestep divided by the cell area. Using (\autoref{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_2}) this 
    15031419condition is 
    15041420 
    1505 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_continuity_if} 
    1506 h_{i,j}(t_e)  - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} <  \frac{\Delta t}{e_1 e_2} ( \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(m)}_{i,j} + \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} ) . 
    1507 \end{equation} 
    1508  
    1509 Rearranging (\ref{dyn_wd_continuity_if}) we can obtain an expression for the maximum 
     1421\begin{equation} 
     1422  \label{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_if} 
     1423  h_{i,j}(t_e)  - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} <  \frac{\Delta t}{e_1 e_2} ( \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(m)}_{i,j} + \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} ) . 
     1424\end{equation} 
     1425 
     1426Rearranging (\autoref{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_if}) we can obtain an expression for the maximum 
    15101427outward flux that can be allowed and still maintain the minimum wet depth: 
    15111428 
    1512 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_max_flux} 
    1513 \begin{split} 
    1514 \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(m+1)}_{i,j} = \Big[ (h_{i,j}(t_e) & - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin2})  \frac{e_1 e_2}{\Delta t} \phantom{]} \\ 
    1515 \phantom{[} & -  \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} \Big] 
    1516 \end{split} 
     1429\begin{equation} 
     1430  \label{eq:DYN_wd_max_flux} 
     1431  \begin{split} 
     1432    \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(m+1)}_{i,j} = \Big[ (h_{i,j}(t_e) & - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin2})  \frac{e_1 e_2}{\Delta t} \phantom{]} \\ 
     1433    \phantom{[} & -  \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} \Big] 
     1434  \end{split} 
    15171435\end{equation} 
    15181436 
    15191437Note a small tolerance ($\mathrm{rn\_wdmin2}$) has been introduced here {\itshape [Q: Why is 
    1520 this necessary/desirable?]}. Substituting from (\ref{dyn_wd_continuity_coef}) gives an 
     1438this necessary/desirable?]}. Substituting from (\autoref{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_coef}) gives an 
    15211439expression for the coefficient needed to multiply the outward flux at this cell in order 
    15221440to avoid drying. 
    15231441 
    1524 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_wd_continuity_nxtcoef} 
    1525 \begin{split} 
    1526 \mathrm{zcoef}^{(m+1)}_{i,j} = \Big[ (h_{i,j}(t_e) & - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin2})  \frac{e_1 e_2}{\Delta t} \phantom{]} \\ 
    1527 \phantom{[} & -  \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} \Big] \frac{1}{ \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(0)}_{i,j} } 
    1528 \end{split} 
     1442\begin{equation} 
     1443  \label{eq:DYN_wd_continuity_nxtcoef} 
     1444  \begin{split} 
     1445    \mathrm{zcoef}^{(m+1)}_{i,j} = \Big[ (h_{i,j}(t_e) & - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} - \mathrm{rn\_wdmin2})  \frac{e_1 e_2}{\Delta t} \phantom{]} \\ 
     1446    \phantom{[} & -  \mathrm{zzflxn}^{(m)}_{i,j} \Big] \frac{1}{ \mathrm{zzflxp}^{(0)}_{i,j} } 
     1447  \end{split} 
    15291448\end{equation} 
    15301449 
     
    15411460directional limiter does. 
    15421461 
    1543  
    1544 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    15451462%      Surface pressure gradients 
    1546 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1547 \subsubsection[Modification of surface pressure gradients (\textit{dynhpg.F90})] 
    1548 {Modification of surface pressure gradients (\mdl{dynhpg})} 
    1549 \label{subsubsec:DYN_wd_il_spg} 
     1463%% ================================================================================================= 
     1464\subsubsection[Modification of surface pressure gradients (\textit{dynhpg.F90})]{Modification of surface pressure gradients (\mdl{dynhpg})} 
     1465\label{subsec:DYN_wd_il_spg} 
    15501466 
    15511467At ``dry'' points the water depth is usually close to $\mathrm{rn\_wdmin1}$. If the 
     
    15601476neighbouring $(i+1,j)$ and $(i,j)$ tracer points.  zcpx is calculated using two logicals 
    15611477variables, $\mathrm{ll\_tmp1}$ and $\mathrm{ll\_tmp2}$ which are evaluated for each grid 
    1562 column.  The three possible combinations are illustrated in figure \ref{Fig_WAD_dynhpg}. 
    1563  
    1564 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
    1565 \begin{figure}[!ht] \begin{center} 
    1566 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig_WAD_dynhpg} 
    1567 \caption{ \label{Fig_WAD_dynhpg} 
    1568 Illustrations of the three possible combinations of the logical variables controlling the 
    1569 limiting of the horizontal pressure gradient in wetting and drying regimes} 
    1570 \end{center}\end{figure} 
    1571 %>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
     1478column.  The three possible combinations are illustrated in \autoref{fig:DYN_WAD_dynhpg}. 
     1479 
     1480\begin{figure}[!ht] 
     1481  \centering 
     1482  \includegraphics[width=0.66\textwidth]{Fig_WAD_dynhpg} 
     1483  \caption[Combinations controlling the limiting of the horizontal pressure gradient in 
     1484  wetting and drying regimes]{ 
     1485    Three possible combinations of the logical variables controlling the 
     1486    limiting of the horizontal pressure gradient in wetting and drying regimes} 
     1487  \label{fig:DYN_WAD_dynhpg} 
     1488\end{figure} 
    15721489 
    15731490The first logical, $\mathrm{ll\_tmp1}$, is set to true if and only if the water depth at 
     
    15761493of the topography at the two points: 
    15771494 
    1578 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_ll_tmp1} 
    1579 \begin{split} 
    1580 \mathrm{ll\_tmp1}  = & \mathrm{MIN(sshn(ji,jj), sshn(ji+1,jj))} > \\ 
     1495\begin{equation} 
     1496  \label{eq:DYN_ll_tmp1} 
     1497  \begin{split} 
     1498    \mathrm{ll\_tmp1}  = & \mathrm{MIN(sshn(ji,jj), sshn(ji+1,jj))} > \\ 
    15811499                     & \quad \mathrm{MAX(-ht\_wd(ji,jj), -ht\_wd(ji+1,jj))\  .and.} \\ 
    1582 & \mathrm{MAX(sshn(ji,jj) + ht\_wd(ji,jj),} \\ 
    1583 & \mathrm{\phantom{MAX(}sshn(ji+1,jj) + ht\_wd(ji+1,jj))} >\\ 
    1584 & \quad\quad\mathrm{rn\_wdmin1 + rn\_wdmin2 } 
    1585 \end{split} 
     1500                     & \mathrm{MAX(sshn(ji,jj) + ht\_wd(ji,jj),} \\ 
     1501                     & \mathrm{\phantom{MAX(}sshn(ji+1,jj) + ht\_wd(ji+1,jj))} >\\ 
     1502                     & \quad\quad\mathrm{rn\_wdmin1 + rn\_wdmin2 } 
     1503  \end{split} 
    15861504\end{equation} 
    15871505 
     
    15901508at the two points plus $\mathrm{rn\_wdmin1} + \mathrm{rn\_wdmin2}$ 
    15911509 
    1592 \begin{equation} \label{dyn_ll_tmp2} 
    1593 \begin{split} 
    1594 \mathrm{ ll\_tmp2 } = & \mathrm{( ABS( sshn(ji,jj) - sshn(ji+1,jj) ) > 1.E-12 )\ .AND.}\\ 
    1595 & \mathrm{( MAX(sshn(ji,jj), sshn(ji+1,jj)) > } \\ 
    1596 & \mathrm{\phantom{(} MAX(-ht\_wd(ji,jj), -ht\_wd(ji+1,jj)) + rn\_wdmin1 + rn\_wdmin2}) . 
    1597 \end{split} 
     1510\begin{equation} 
     1511  \label{eq:DYN_ll_tmp2} 
     1512  \begin{split} 
     1513    \mathrm{ ll\_tmp2 } = & \mathrm{( ABS( sshn(ji,jj) - sshn(ji+1,jj) ) > 1.E-12 )\ .AND.}\\ 
     1514    & \mathrm{( MAX(sshn(ji,jj), sshn(ji+1,jj)) > } \\ 
     1515    & \mathrm{\phantom{(} MAX(-ht\_wd(ji,jj), -ht\_wd(ji+1,jj)) + rn\_wdmin1 + rn\_wdmin2}) . 
     1516  \end{split} 
    15981517\end{equation} 
    15991518 
     
    16111530conditions. 
    16121531 
    1613 \subsubsection[Additional considerations (\textit{usrdef\_zgr.F90})] 
    1614 {Additional considerations (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
    1615 \label{subsubsec:WAD_additional} 
     1532%% ================================================================================================= 
     1533\subsubsection[Additional considerations (\textit{usrdef\_zgr.F90})]{Additional considerations (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
     1534\label{subsec:DYN_WAD_additional} 
    16161535 
    16171536In the very shallow water where wetting and drying occurs the parametrisation of 
     
    16231542in uncoupled integrations the net surface heat fluxes need to be appropriately limited. 
    16241543 
    1625 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    16261544%      The WAD test cases 
    1627 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1628 \subsection[The WAD test cases (\textit{usrdef\_zgr.F90})] 
    1629 {The WAD test cases (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
    1630 \label{WAD_test_cases} 
     1545%% ================================================================================================= 
     1546\subsection[The WAD test cases (\textit{usrdef\_zgr.F90})]{The WAD test cases (\mdl{usrdef\_zgr})} 
     1547\label{subsec:DYN_WAD_test_cases} 
    16311548 
    16321549See the WAD tests MY\_DOC documention for details of the WAD test cases. 
    16331550 
    1634  
    1635  
    1636 % ================================================================ 
    1637 % Time evolution term 
    1638 % ================================================================ 
    1639 \section[Time evolution term (\textit{dynnxt.F90})] 
    1640 {Time evolution term (\protect\mdl{dynnxt})} 
     1551%% ================================================================================================= 
     1552\section[Time evolution term (\textit{dynnxt.F90})]{Time evolution term (\protect\mdl{dynnxt})} 
    16411553\label{sec:DYN_nxt} 
    16421554 
    1643 %----------------------------------------------namdom---------------------------------------------------- 
    1644  
    1645 \nlst{namdom} 
    1646 %------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1647  
    1648 Options are defined through the \nam{dom} namelist variables. 
     1555Options are defined through the \nam{dom}{dom} namelist variables. 
    16491556The general framework for dynamics time stepping is a leap-frog scheme, 
    1650 \ie\ a three level centred time scheme associated with an Asselin time filter (cf. \autoref{chap:STP}). 
     1557\ie\ a three level centred time scheme associated with an Asselin time filter (cf. \autoref{chap:TD}). 
    16511558The scheme is applied to the velocity, except when 
    16521559using the flux form of momentum advection (cf. \autoref{sec:DYN_adv_cor_flux}) 
    16531560in the variable volume case (\texttt{vvl?} defined), 
    1654 where it has to be applied to the thickness weighted velocity (see \autoref{sec:A_momentum}) 
     1561where it has to be applied to the thickness weighted velocity (see \autoref{sec:SCOORD_momentum}) 
    16551562 
    16561563$\bullet$ vector invariant form or linear free surface 
    1657 (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_vec}\forcode{ = .true.} ; \texttt{vvl?} not defined): 
    1658 \[ 
    1659   % \label{eq:dynnxt_vec} 
     1564(\np[=.true.]{ln_dynhpg_vec}{ln\_dynhpg\_vec} ; \texttt{vvl?} not defined): 
     1565\[ 
     1566  % \label{eq:DYN_nxt_vec} 
    16601567  \left\{ 
    16611568    \begin{aligned} 
     
    16671574 
    16681575$\bullet$ flux form and nonlinear free surface 
    1669 (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_vec}\forcode{ = .false.} ; \texttt{vvl?} defined): 
    1670 \[ 
    1671   % \label{eq:dynnxt_flux} 
     1576(\np[=.false.]{ln_dynhpg_vec}{ln\_dynhpg\_vec} ; \texttt{vvl?} defined): 
     1577\[ 
     1578  % \label{eq:DYN_nxt_flux} 
    16721579  \left\{ 
    16731580    \begin{aligned} 
     
    16801587where RHS is the right hand side of the momentum equation, 
    16811588the subscript $f$ denotes filtered values and $\gamma$ is the Asselin coefficient. 
    1682 $\gamma$ is initialized as \np{nn\_atfp} (namelist parameter). 
    1683 Its default value is \np{nn\_atfp}\forcode{ = 10.e-3}. 
     1589$\gamma$ is initialized as \np{nn_atfp}{nn\_atfp} (namelist parameter). 
     1590Its default value is \np[=10.e-3]{nn_atfp}{nn\_atfp}. 
    16841591In both cases, the modified Asselin filter is not applied since perfect conservation is not an issue for 
    16851592the momentum equations. 
     
    16891596and only array swapping and Asselin filtering is done in \mdl{dynnxt}. 
    16901597 
    1691 % ================================================================ 
    1692 \biblio 
    1693  
    1694 \pindex 
     1598\onlyinsubfile{\input{../../global/epilogue}} 
    16951599 
    16961600\end{document} 
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