Changeset 12377 for NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_SBC.tex

Timestamp:

2020-02-12T15:39:06+01:00 (4 years ago)

Author:

acc

Message:

The big one. Merging all 2019 developments from the option 1 branch back onto the trunk.

This changeset reproduces 2019/dev_r11943_MERGE_2019 on the trunk using a 2-URL merge
onto a working copy of the trunk. I.e.:

svn merge --ignore-ancestry \

​svn+ssh://acc@forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/ipsl/forge/projets/nemo/svn/NEMO/trunk \
​svn+ssh://acc@forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/ipsl/forge/projets/nemo/svn/NEMO/branches/2019/dev_r11943_MERGE_2019 ./

The --ignore-ancestry flag avoids problems that may otherwise arise from the fact that
the merge history been trunk and branch may have been applied in a different order but
care has been taken before this step to ensure that all applicable fixes and updates
are present in the merge branch.

The trunk state just before this step has been branched to releases/release-4.0-HEAD
and that branch has been immediately tagged as releases/release-4.0.2. Any fixes
or additions in response to tickets on 4.0, 4.0.1 or 4.0.2 should be done on
releases/release-4.0-HEAD. From now on future 'point' releases (e.g. 4.0.2) will
remain unchanged with periodic releases as needs demand. Note release-4.0-HEAD is a
transitional naming convention. Future full releases, say 4.2, will have a release-4.2
branch which fulfills this role and the first point release (e.g. 4.2.0) will be made
immediately following the release branch creation.

2020 developments can be started from any trunk revision later than this one.

Location:

NEMO/trunk

Files:

• . (modified) (1 prop)
• doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_SBC.tex (modified) (8 diffs)

NEMO/trunk

@@ -3 +3 @@
 ^/utils/build/mk@HEAD         mk
 ^/utils/tools@HEAD            tools
-^/vendors/AGRIF/dev@HEAD      ext/AGRIF
+^/vendors/AGRIF/dev_r11615_ENHANCE-04_namelists_as_internalfiles_agrif@HEAD      ext/AGRIF
 ^/vendors/FCM@HEAD            ext/FCM
 ^/vendors/IOIPSL@HEAD         ext/IOIPSL

@@ -3 +3 @@
 ^/utils/build/mk@HEAD         mk
 ^/utils/tools@HEAD            tools
-^/vendors/AGRIF/dev@HEAD      ext/AGRIF
+^/vendors/AGRIF/dev_r11615_ENHANCE-04_namelists_as_internalfiles_agrif@HEAD      ext/AGRIF
 ^/vendors/FCM@HEAD            ext/FCM
 ^/vendors/IOIPSL@HEAD         ext/IOIPSL

NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_SBC.tex

@@ -1 +1 @@
 \documentclass[../main/NEMO_manual]{subfiles}
+\usepackage{fontspec}
+\usepackage{fontawesome}
 
 \begin{document}
@@ -45 +47 @@
 
 \begin{itemize}
-\item a bulk formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_blk}{ln\_blk} with four possible bulk algorithms),
+\item a bulk formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_blk}{ln\_blk}), featuring a selection of four bulk parameterization algorithms,
 \item a flux formulation (\np[=.true.]{ln_flx}{ln\_flx}),
 \item a coupled or mixed forced/coupled formulation (exchanges with a atmospheric model via the OASIS coupler),
@@ -504 +506 @@
 \label{sec:SBC_flx}
 
+% Laurent: DO NOT mix up ``bulk formulae'' (the classic equation) and the ``bulk
+% parameterization'' (i.e NCAR, COARE, ECMWF...)
+
 \begin{listing}
   \nlst{namsbc_flx}
@@ -520 +525 @@
 See \autoref{subsec:SBC_ssr} for its specification.
 
-%% =================================================================================================
+
+
+
+
+
+
+%% =================================================================================================
+\pagebreak
+\newpage
 \section[Bulk formulation (\textit{sbcblk.F90})]{Bulk formulation (\protect\mdl{sbcblk})}
 \label{sec:SBC_blk}
+
+% L. Brodeau, December 2019... %
 
 \begin{listing}
@@ -530 +545 @@
 \end{listing}
 
-In the bulk formulation, the surface boundary condition fields are computed with bulk formulae using atmospheric fields
-and ocean (and sea-ice) variables averaged over \np{nn_fsbc}{nn\_fsbc} time-step.
-
-The atmospheric fields used depend on the bulk formulae used.
-In forced mode, when a sea-ice model is used, a specific bulk formulation is used.
-Therefore, different bulk formulae are used for the turbulent fluxes computation
-over the ocean and over sea-ice surface.
-For the ocean, four bulk formulations are available thanks to the \href{https://brodeau.github.io/aerobulk/}{Aerobulk} package (\citet{brodeau.barnier.ea_JPO16}):
-the NCAR (formerly named CORE), COARE 3.0, COARE 3.5 and ECMWF bulk formulae.
-The choice is made by setting to true one of the following namelist variable:
- \np{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}, \np{ln_COARE_3p0}{ln\_COARE\_3p0},  \np{ln_COARE_3p5}{ln\_COARE\_3p5} and  \np{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF}.
-For sea-ice, three possibilities can be selected:
-a constant transfer coefficient (1.4e-3; default value), \citet{lupkes.gryanik.ea_JGR12} (\np{ln_Cd_L12}{ln\_Cd\_L12}), and \citet{lupkes.gryanik_JGR15} (\np{ln_Cd_L15}{ln\_Cd\_L15}) parameterizations
+If the bulk formulation is selected (\np[=.true.]{ln_blk}{ln\_blk}), the air-sea
+fluxes associated with surface boundary conditions are estimated by means of the
+traditional \emph{bulk formulae}. As input, bulk formulae rely on a prescribed
+near-surface atmosphere state (typically extracted from a weather reanalysis)
+and the prognostic sea (-ice) surface state averaged over \np{nn_fsbc}{nn\_fsbc}
+time-step(s).
+
+% Turbulent air-sea fluxes are computed using the sea surface properties and
+% atmospheric SSVs at height $z$ above the sea surface, with the traditional
+% aerodynamic bulk formulae:
+
+Note: all the NEMO Fortran routines involved in the present section have been
+ initially developed (and are still developed in parallel) in
+ the \href{https://brodeau.github.io/aerobulk/}{\texttt{AeroBulk}} open-source project
+\citep{brodeau.barnier.ea_JPO17}.
+
+%%% Bulk formulae are this:
+\subsection{Bulk formulae}\label{subsec:SBC_blkform}
+%
+In NEMO, the set of equations that relate each component of the surface fluxes
+to the near-surface atmosphere and sea surface states writes
+%
+\begin{subequations}\label{eq_bulk}
+  \label{eq:SBC_bulk_form}
+  \begin{eqnarray}
+    \mathbf{\tau} &=& \rho~ C_D ~ \mathbf{U}_z  ~ U_B \\
+    Q_H           &=& \rho~C_H~C_P~\big[ \theta_z - T_s \big] ~ U_B \\
+    E             &=& \rho~C_E    ~\big[    q_s   - q_z \big] ~ U_B \\
+    Q_L           &=& -L_v \, E \\
+    %
+    Q_{sr}        &=& (1 - a) Q_{sw\downarrow} \\
+    Q_{ir}        &=& \delta (Q_{lw\downarrow} -\sigma T_s^4)
+  \end{eqnarray}
+\end{subequations}
+%
+with
+   \[ \theta_z \simeq T_z+\gamma z \]
+   \[  q_s \simeq 0.98\,q_{sat}(T_s,p_a ) \]
+%
+from which, the the non-solar heat flux is \[ Q_{ns} = Q_L + Q_H + Q_{ir} \]
+%
+where $\mathbf{\tau}$ is the wind stress vector, $Q_H$ the sensible heat flux,
+$E$ the evaporation, $Q_L$ the latent heat flux, and $Q_{ir}$ the net longwave
+flux.
+%
+$Q_{sw\downarrow}$ and $Q_{lw\downarrow}$ are the surface downwelling shortwave
+and longwave radiative fluxes, respectively.
+%
+Note: a positive sign for $\mathbf{\tau}$, $Q_H$, $Q_L$, $Q_{sr}$ or $Q_{ir}$
+implies a gain of the relevant quantity for the ocean, while a positive $E$
+implies a freshwater loss for the ocean.
+%
+$\rho$ is the density of air. $C_D$, $C_H$ and $C_E$ are the bulk transfer
+coefficients for momentum, sensible heat, and moisture, respectively.
+%
+$C_P$ is the heat capacity of moist air, and $L_v$ is the latent heat of
+vaporization of water.
+%
+$\theta_z$, $T_z$ and $q_z$ are the potential temperature, absolute temperature,
+and specific humidity of air at height $z$ above the sea surface,
+respectively. $\gamma z$ is a temperature correction term which accounts for the
+adiabatic lapse rate and approximates the potential temperature at height
+$z$ \citep{josey.gulev.ea_2013}.
+%
+$\mathbf{U}_z$ is the wind speed vector at height $z$ above the sea surface
+(possibly referenced to the surface current $\mathbf{u_0}$,
+section \ref{s_res1}.\ref{ss_current}).
+%
+The bulk scalar wind speed, namely $U_B$, is the scalar wind speed,
+$|\mathbf{U}_z|$, with the potential inclusion of a gustiness contribution.
+%
+$a$ and $\delta$ are the albedo and emissivity of the sea surface, respectively.\\
+%
+%$p_a$ is the mean sea-level pressure (SLP).
+%
+$T_s$ is the sea surface temperature. $q_s$ is the saturation specific humidity
+of air at temperature $T_s$; it includes a 2\% reduction to account for the
+presence of salt in seawater \citep{sverdrup.johnson.ea_1942,kraus.businger_QJRMS96}.
+Depending on the bulk parametrization used, $T_s$ can either be the temperature
+at the air-sea interface (skin temperature, hereafter SSST) or at typically a
+few tens of centimeters below the surface (bulk sea surface temperature,
+hereafter SST).
+%
+The SSST differs from the SST due to the contributions of two effects of
+opposite sign, the \emph{cool skin} and \emph{warm layer} (hereafter CS and WL,
+respectively, see section\,\ref{subsec:SBC_skin}).
+%
+Technically, when the ECMWF or COARE* bulk parametrizations are selected
+(\np[=.true.]{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF} or \np[=.true.]{ln_COARE*}{ln\_COARE\*}),
+$T_s$ is the SSST, as opposed to the NCAR bulk parametrization
+(\np[=.true.]{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}) for which $T_s$ is the bulk SST (\ie~temperature
+at first T-point level).
+
+For more details on all these aspects the reader is invited to refer
+to \citet{brodeau.barnier.ea_JPO17}.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Bulk parametrizations}\label{subsec:SBC_blk_ocean}
+%%%\label{subsec:SBC_param}
+
+Accuracy of the estimate of surface turbulent fluxes by means of bulk formulae
+strongly relies on that of the bulk transfer coefficients: $C_D$, $C_H$ and
+$C_E$. They are estimated with what we refer to as a \emph{bulk
+parametrization} algorithm. When relevant, these algorithms also perform the
+height adjustment of humidity and temperature to the wind reference measurement
+height (from \np{rn_zqt}{rn\_zqt} to \np{rn_zu}{rn\_zu}).
+
+
+
+For the open ocean, four bulk parametrization algorithms are available in NEMO:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item NCAR, formerly known as CORE, \citep{large.yeager_rpt04,large.yeager_CD09}
+\item COARE 3.0 \citep{fairall.bradley.ea_JC03}
+\item COARE 3.6 \citep{edson.jampana.ea_JPO13}
+\item ECMWF (IFS documentation, cy45)
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+With respect to version 3, the principal advances in version 3.6 of the COARE
+bulk parametrization are built around improvements in the representation of the
+effects of waves on
+fluxes \citep{edson.jampana.ea_JPO13,brodeau.barnier.ea_JPO17}. This includes
+improved relationships of surface roughness, and whitecap fraction on wave
+parameters. It is therefore recommended to chose version 3.6 over 3.
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Cool-skin and warm-layer parametrizations}\label{subsec:SBC_skin}
+%\subsection[Cool-skin and warm-layer parameterizations
+%(\forcode{ln_skin_cs} \& \forcode{ln_skin_wl})]{Cool-skin and warm-layer parameterizations (\protect\np{ln_skin_cs}{ln\_skin\_cs} \& \np{ln_skin_wl}{ln\_skin\_wl})}
+%\label{subsec:SBC_skin}
+%
+As opposed to the NCAR bulk parametrization, more advanced bulk
+parametrizations such as COARE3.x and ECMWF are meant to be used with the skin
+temperature $T_s$ rather than the bulk SST (which, in NEMO is the temperature at
+the first T-point level, see section\,\ref{subsec:SBC_blkform}).
+%
+As such, the relevant cool-skin and warm-layer parametrization must be
+activated through \np[=T]{ln_skin_cs}{ln\_skin\_cs}
+and \np[=T]{ln_skin_wl}{ln\_skin\_wl} to use COARE3.x or ECMWF in a consistent
+way.
+
+\texttt{\#LB: ADD BLBLA ABOUT THE TWO CS/WL PARAMETRIZATIONS (ECMWF and COARE) !!!}
+
+For the cool-skin scheme parametrization COARE and ECMWF algorithms share the same
+basis: \citet{fairall.bradley.ea_JGR96}. With some minor updates based
+on \citet{zeng.beljaars_GRL05} for ECMWF, and \citet{fairall.ea_19} for COARE
+3.6.
+
+For the warm-layer scheme, ECMWF is based on \citet{zeng.beljaars_GRL05} with a
+recent update from \citet{takaya.bidlot.ea_JGR10} (consideration of the
+turbulence input from Langmuir circulation).
+
+Importantly, COARE warm-layer scheme \citep{fairall.ea_19} includes a prognostic
+equation for the thickness of the warm-layer, while it is considered as constant
+in the ECWMF algorithm.
+
+
+\subsection{Appropriate use of each bulk parametrization}
+
+\subsubsection{NCAR}
+
+NCAR bulk parametrizations (formerly known as CORE) is meant to be used with the
+CORE II atmospheric forcing \citep{large.yeager_CD09}. The expected sea surface
+temperature is the bulk SST. Hence the following namelist parameters must be
+set:
+%
+\begin{verbatim}
+  ...
+  ln_NCAR    = .true.
+  ...
+  rn_zqt     = 10.     ! Air temperature & humidity reference height (m)
+  rn_zu      = 10.     ! Wind vector reference height (m)
+  ...
+  ln_skin_cs = .false. ! use the cool-skin parameterization
+  ln_skin_wl = .false. ! use the warm-layer parameterization
+  ...
+  ln_humi_sph = .true. ! humidity "sn_humi" is specific humidity  [kg/kg]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\subsubsection{ECMWF}
+%
+With an atmospheric forcing based on a reanalysis of the ECMWF, such as the
+Drakkar Forcing Set \citep{brodeau.barnier.ea_OM10}, we strongly recommend to
+use the ECMWF bulk parametrizations with the cool-skin and warm-layer
+parametrizations activated. In ECMWF reanalyzes, since air temperature and
+humidity are provided at the 2\,m height, and given that the humidity is
+distributed as the dew-point temperature, the namelist must be tuned as follows:
+%
+\begin{verbatim}
+  ...
+  ln_ECMWF   = .true.
+  ...     
+  rn_zqt     =  2.     ! Air temperature & humidity reference height (m)
+  rn_zu      = 10.     ! Wind vector reference height (m)
+  ...
+  ln_skin_cs = .true. ! use the cool-skin parameterization
+  ln_skin_wl = .true. ! use the warm-layer parameterization
+  ...
+  ln_humi_dpt = .true. !  humidity "sn_humi" is dew-point temperature [K]
+  ...
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+Note: when \np{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF} is selected, the selection
+of \np{ln_skin_cs}{ln\_skin\_cs} and \np{ln_skin_wl}{ln\_skin\_wl} implicitly
+triggers the use of the ECMWF cool-skin and warm-layer parametrizations,
+respectively (found in \textit{sbcblk\_skin\_ecmwf.F90}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{COARE 3.x}
+%
+Since the ECMWF parametrization is largely based on the COARE* parametrization,
+the two algorithms are very similar in terms of structure and closure
+approach. As such, the namelist tuning for COARE 3.x is identical to that of
+ECMWF:
+%
+\begin{verbatim}
+  ...
+  ln_COARE3p6 = .true.
+  ...     
+  ln_skin_cs = .true. ! use the cool-skin parameterization
+  ln_skin_wl = .true. ! use the warm-layer parameterization
+  ...
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Note: when \np[=T]{ln_COARE3p0}{ln\_COARE3p0} is selected, the selection
+of \np{ln_skin_cs}{ln\_skin\_cs} and \np{ln_skin_wl}{ln\_skin\_wl} implicitly
+triggers the use of the COARE cool-skin and warm-layer parametrizations,
+respectively (found in \textit{sbcblk\_skin\_coare.F90}).
+
+
+%lulu
+
+
+
+% In a typical bulk algorithm, the BTCs under neutral stability conditions are
+% defined using \emph{in-situ} flux measurements while their dependence on the
+% stability is accounted through the \emph{Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory} and
+% the \emph{flux-profile} relationships \citep[\eg{}][]{Paulson_1970}. BTCs are
+% functions of the wind speed and the near-surface stability of the atmospheric
+% surface layer (hereafter ASL), and hence, depend on $U_B$, $T_s$, $T_z$, $q_s$
+% and $q_z$.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Prescribed near-surface atmospheric state}
+
+The atmospheric fields used depend on the bulk formulae used.  In forced mode,
+when a sea-ice model is used, a specific bulk formulation is used.  Therefore,
+different bulk formulae are used for the turbulent fluxes computation over the
+ocean and over sea-ice surface.
+%
+
+%The choice is made by setting to true one of the following namelist
+%variable: \np{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}, \np{ln_COARE_3p0}{ln\_COARE\_3p0}, \np{ln_COARE_3p6}{ln\_COARE\_3p6}
+%and \np{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF}. 
 
 Common options are defined through the \nam{sbc_blk}{sbc\_blk} namelist variables.
@@ -553 +814 @@
     Variable description                 & Model variable & Units              & point \\
     \hline
-    i-component of the 10m air velocity  & utau           & $m.s^{-1}$         & T     \\
+    i-component of the 10m air velocity  & wndi           & $m.s^{-1}$         & T     \\
     \hline
-    j-component of the 10m air velocity  & vtau           & $m.s^{-1}$         & T     \\
+    j-component of the 10m air velocity  & wndj           & $m.s^{-1}$         & T     \\
     \hline
-    10m air temperature                  & tair           & \r{}$K$            & T     \\
+    10m air temperature                  & tair           & $K$               & T     \\
     \hline
-    Specific humidity                    & humi           & \%                 & T     \\
+    Specific humidity                    & humi           & $-$               & T     \\
+    Relative humidity                    & ~              & $\%$              & T     \\
+    Dew-point temperature                & ~              & $K$               & T     \\    
     \hline
-    Incoming long wave radiation         & qlw            & $W.m^{-2}$         & T     \\
+    Downwelling longwave radiation       & qlw            & $W.m^{-2}$         & T     \\
     \hline
-    Incoming short wave radiation        & qsr            & $W.m^{-2}$         & T     \\
+    Downwelling shortwave radiation      & qsr            & $W.m^{-2}$         & T     \\
     \hline
     Total precipitation (liquid + solid) & precip         & $Kg.m^{-2}.s^{-1}$ & T     \\
@@ -584 +847 @@
 
 \np{cn_dir}{cn\_dir} is the directory of location of bulk files
-\np{ln_taudif}{ln\_taudif} is the flag to specify if we use Hight Frequency (HF) tau information (.true.) or not (.false.)
+%\np{ln_taudif}{ln\_taudif} is the flag to specify if we use High Frequency (HF) tau information (.true.) or not (.false.)
 \np{rn_zqt}{rn\_zqt}: is the height of humidity and temperature measurements (m)
 \np{rn_zu}{rn\_zu}: is the height of wind measurements (m)
@@ -595 +858 @@
 Its range must be between zero and one, and it is recommended to set it to 0 at low-resolution (ORCA2 configuration).
 
-As for the flux formulation, information about the input data required by the model is provided in
+As for the flux parametrization, information about the input data required by the model is provided in
 the namsbc\_blk namelist (see \autoref{subsec:SBC_fldread}).
 
-%% =================================================================================================
-\subsection[Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae (\textit{sbcblk\_algo\_coare.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p5.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_ecmwf.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_ncar.F90})]{Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae (\mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_coare}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p5}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_ecmwf}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_ncar})}
-\label{subsec:SBC_blk_ocean}
-
-Four different bulk algorithms are available to compute surface turbulent momentum and heat fluxes over the ocean.
-COARE 3.0, COARE 3.5 and ECMWF schemes mainly differ by their roughness lenghts computation and consequently
-their neutral transfer coefficients relationships with neutral wind.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item NCAR (\np[=.true.]{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}): The NCAR bulk formulae have been developed by \citet{large.yeager_rpt04}.
-  They have been designed to handle the NCAR forcing, a mixture of NCEP reanalysis and satellite data.
-  They use an inertial dissipative method to compute the turbulent transfer coefficients
-  (momentum, sensible heat and evaporation) from the 10m wind speed, air temperature and specific humidity.
-  This \citet{large.yeager_rpt04} dataset is available through
-  the \href{http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/mom4/NCAR.html}{GFDL web site}.
-  Note that substituting ERA40 to NCEP reanalysis fields does not require changes in the bulk formulea themself.
-  This is the so-called DRAKKAR Forcing Set (DFS) \citep{brodeau.barnier.ea_OM10}.
-\item COARE 3.0 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p0}{ln\_COARE\_3p0}): See \citet{fairall.bradley.ea_JC03} for more details
-\item COARE 3.5 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p5}{ln\_COARE\_3p5}): See \citet{edson.jampana.ea_JPO13} for more details
-\item ECMWF (\np[=.true.]{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF}): Based on \href{https://www.ecmwf.int/node/9221}{IFS (Cy31)} implementation and documentation.
-  Surface roughness lengths needed for the Obukhov length are computed following \citet{beljaars_QJRMS95}.
-\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{Air humidity}
+
+Air humidity can be provided as three different parameters: specific humidity
+[kg/kg], relative humidity [\%], or dew-point temperature [K] (LINK to namelist
+parameters)...
+
+
+~\\
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+%% =================================================================================================
+%\subsection[Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae (\textit{sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p0.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p6.F90, %sbcblk\_algo\_ecmwf.F90, sbcblk\_algo\_ncar.F90})]{Ocean-Atmosphere Bulk formulae (\mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p0}, %\mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_coare3p6}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_ecmwf}, \mdl{sbcblk\_algo\_ncar})}
+%\label{subsec:SBC_blk_ocean}
+
+%Four different bulk algorithms are available to compute surface turbulent momentum and heat fluxes over the ocean.
+%COARE 3.0, COARE 3.6 and ECMWF schemes mainly differ by their roughness lenghts computation and consequently
+%their neutral transfer coefficients relationships with neutral wind.
+%\begin{itemize}
+%\item NCAR (\np[=.true.]{ln_NCAR}{ln\_NCAR}): The NCAR bulk formulae have been developed by \citet{large.yeager_rpt04}.
+%  They have been designed to handle the NCAR forcing, a mixture of NCEP reanalysis and satellite data.
+%  They use an inertial dissipative method to compute the turbulent transfer coefficients
+%  (momentum, sensible heat and evaporation) from the 10m wind speed, air temperature and specific humidity.
+%  This \citet{large.yeager_rpt04} dataset is available through
+%  the \href{http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/mom4/NCAR.html}{GFDL web site}.
+%  Note that substituting ERA40 to NCEP reanalysis fields does not require changes in the bulk formulea themself.
+%  This is the so-called DRAKKAR Forcing Set (DFS) \citep{brodeau.barnier.ea_OM10}.
+%\item COARE 3.0 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p0}{ln\_COARE\_3p0}): See \citet{fairall.bradley.ea_JC03} for more details
+%\item COARE 3.6 (\np[=.true.]{ln_COARE_3p6}{ln\_COARE\_3p6}): See \citet{edson.jampana.ea_JPO13} for more details
+%\item ECMWF (\np[=.true.]{ln_ECMWF}{ln\_ECMWF}): Based on \href{https://www.ecmwf.int/node/9204}{IFS (Cy40r1)} %implementation and documentation.
+%  Surface roughness lengths needed for the Obukhov length are computed
+%  following \citet{beljaars_QJRMS95}.
+%\end{itemize}
 
 %% =================================================================================================
 \subsection{Ice-Atmosphere Bulk formulae}
 \label{subsec:SBC_blk_ice}
+
+
+\texttt{\#out\_of\_place:}
+ For sea-ice, three possibilities can be selected:
+a constant transfer coefficient (1.4e-3; default
+value), \citet{lupkes.gryanik.ea_JGR12} (\np{ln_Cd_L12}{ln\_Cd\_L12}),
+and \citet{lupkes.gryanik_JGR15} (\np{ln_Cd_L15}{ln\_Cd\_L15}) parameterizations
+\texttt{\#out\_of\_place.}
+
+
+
 
 Surface turbulent fluxes between sea-ice and the atmosphere can be computed in three different ways:

@@ -3 +3 @@
 ^/utils/build/mk@HEAD         mk
 ^/utils/tools@HEAD            tools
-^/vendors/AGRIF/dev@HEAD      ext/AGRIF
+^/vendors/AGRIF/dev_r11615_ENHANCE-04_namelists_as_internalfiles_agrif@HEAD      ext/AGRIF
 ^/vendors/FCM@HEAD            ext/FCM
 ^/vendors/IOIPSL@HEAD         ext/IOIPSL