Internship of Louis-Axel Edouard-Rambaut

This internship has been conducted during my Master 1 of Ecology. This work comports N parts, the first correspond to the work done for the intership report on the comparaison of the N2O emissions ine ORCHIDEE with the same emission in the EDGAR inventories. The second part correspond to the additional work i did with the same compariason of emission this time done on the NH3 emissions.

​Internship_report.pdf

I - EDGAR and ORCHIDEE

Differents simulations used in the comparaisons : S1B and S4

• S1B is obtnaied withe the following forcing : CLIM+CO2+LCLU+NDEP+NFER+MANN;
• S4 is obtained with the following forcing : CLIM+ CO2+LCLU

with CLIM:climate, CO2: atmospheric CO2, LCLU: land cover and land use change, NDEP: N deposition,NFER: N fertilizer use, and MANN: manure N use ​https://vesg.ipsl.upmc.fr/thredds/catalog/store/p529vui/OL2/PROD/NMIP-halfdeg/catalog.html :

Sources of emissions selected in EDGAR (​http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432_GHG&SECURE=123) :

• Agricultural soils (4C + 4D) [AS]
• Indirect N2O emissions from agriculture (4D3) [I]

The total emissions of N2O we took in consideration is T = [AS] - [I] since the leaching flux are put out of the system in ORCHIDEE.

Grid resolution :

• ORCHIDEE : 0.5°*0.5°
• EDGAR : 0.1°*0.1°

Period studied :

• ORCHIDEE : from 01/01/1861 to 31/12/2016, monthly emissions
• EDGAR : from 1970 to 2012, annual emissions

II - N2O emissions

A - Emissions of N2O in ORCHIDEE

1 - Maps of emissions for the 2010-2015 period

Figure 1 : Emissions of N2O (in gN2O-N.m-2.an-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE for the 2010-2015 period for all the PFTs

2 - Evolution of the emissions for the 1861-2016 period

Figure 2 : Emissions of N2O (in gN2O-N.m-2.an-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE for the 1860-2015 period for the whole world

In black is represented the emissions for all the PFTs.

In blue is represented the emissions for the PFTs 12 and 13.

In green is represented the emissions for the PFTs 10, 11, 12 and 13.

In orange is represented the emissions for the PFTs 1 to 9

3 - Effects of the fertilizers on the emissions

Figure 3 : Global annual emissions of N2O (in TgN.an-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE in fonction of the fertilizers (in TgN.an-1). In blue i represented the linear regresssion and the grey zone correspond to the confidence interval of the regression.

Figure 4 : Share of the emissions of N2O in ORCHIDEE due to the modification of the N cycle

This figure represent : (S1B-S4) / S1B

• with S1B the annual N2O emissions in the S1B simulations
  
• with S4 the annual N2O emissions in the S4 simulations

B - Comparaison of N2O emissions between EDGAR and ORCHIDEE

The PFT selected in ORCHIDEE to do the comparaison are the following : 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 (only wherethe N_Fertilizants there was striclty positive)

a) b)

Figure 5: Means emissions estimated of N2O for each region for differents regions by EDGAR and ORCHIDEE for the period 1970-1975 (in Tg N2O-N.an-1). The Standard-Deviation are represented by the variation bar. The regions of temperate Asia, tropical Asia, north America and south America are nammed withe following terms «ATemp», «ATrop», «AN», «AS».

• a) For the period 1970-1975
  
• b) For the period 2007-2012

Figure 6 : Emissions of N2O (en gN.m-2.an-1) to the global scale by EDGAR (a) and by ORCHIDEE (b)

III - NH3 emissions

A = Evolution of the emissions for the 1861-2016 period In ORCHIDEE

1 - Map of the emission

a) b)

Figure 7 : Emissions of NH3(in gNH3-N.m-2.an-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE period for all the PFTs

• a) For the period 1970-1975
• b) For the period 2007-2012

2 - Evolution of the emissions for the 1861-2016 period

Figure 8 : Emissions of NH3 (in Tg.yr-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE for the 1860-2015 period for the whole world

In red is represented the emissions for all the PFTs.

In orange is represented the emissions for the PFTs 12 and 13.

In black is represented the emissions for the PFTs 10 and 11.

In blue is represented the emissions for the PFTs 10, 11, 12 and 13.

In greenis represented the emissions for the PFTs 1 to 9

3 - Effects of the fertilizers on the emissions

Figure 9 : Share of the emissions of NH3 in ORCHIDEE due to the modification of the N cycle

This figure represent : (S1B-S4) / S1B

• with S1B the annual N2O emissions in the S1B simulations
  
• with S4 the annual N2O emissions in the S4 simulations

B - Comparaison of NH3 emissions between ORCHIDEE and EDGAR

a) b)

Figure 10 : Means emissions estimated of N2O for each region for differents regions by EDGAR and ORCHIDEE for the period 1970-1975 (in Tg N2O-N.an-1). The Standard-Deviation are represented by the variation bar. The regions of temperate Asia, tropical Asia, north America and south America are nammed withe following terms «ATemp», «ATrop», «AN», «AS».

• For the period 1970-1975
• For the period 2007-2012

Figure 11 : Emissions of NH3 (in Tg.yr-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE and EDGAR for the 1970-2012 period for the whole world

In cyan is represented the emission of NH3 estimated by EDGAR

The other color represent the same emissions as in the II-A-Figure

a) b)

Figure 12 : Emissions of NH3(in gNH3-N.m-2.an-1) estimated by EDGAR for the 1970-1975 period
a) For the 1970-1975 period
b) For the 2007-2012 period

a) b)

Figure 13 : Emissions of NH3(in gNH3-N.m-2.an-1) estimated by ORCHIDEE period for all the PFTs

• a) For the period 1970-1975
• b) For the period 2007-2012