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Changeset 11123 for NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles/chap_DYN.tex – NEMO

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Timestamp:
2019-06-17T14:22:27+02:00 (5 years ago)
Author:
nicolasmartin
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Modification of LaTeX subfiles accordingly to new citations keys

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NEMO/trunk/doc/latex/NEMO/subfiles
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    r10499 r11123  
    127127Replacing $T$ by the number $1$ in the tracer equation and summing over the water column must lead to 
    128128the sea surface height equation otherwise tracer content will not be conserved 
    129 \citep{Griffies_al_MWR01, Leclair_Madec_OM09}. 
     129\citep{griffies.pacanowski.ea_MWR01, leclair.madec_OM09}. 
    130130 
    131131The vertical velocity is computed by an upward integration of the horizontal divergence starting at the bottom, 
     
    287287Nevertheless, this technique strongly distort the phase and group velocity of Rossby waves....} 
    288288 
    289 A very nice solution to the problem of double averaging was proposed by \citet{Arakawa_Hsu_MWR90}. 
     289A very nice solution to the problem of double averaging was proposed by \citet{arakawa.hsu_MWR90}. 
    290290The idea is to get rid of the double averaging by considering triad combinations of vorticity. 
    291291It is noteworthy that this solution is conceptually quite similar to the one proposed by 
    292 \citep{Griffies_al_JPO98} for the discretization of the iso-neutral diffusion operator (see \autoref{apdx:C}). 
    293  
    294 The \citet{Arakawa_Hsu_MWR90} vorticity advection scheme for a single layer is modified  
    295 for spherical coordinates as described by \citet{Arakawa_Lamb_MWR81} to obtain the EEN scheme.  
     292\citep{griffies.gnanadesikan.ea_JPO98} for the discretization of the iso-neutral diffusion operator (see \autoref{apdx:C}). 
     293 
     294The \citet{arakawa.hsu_MWR90} vorticity advection scheme for a single layer is modified  
     295for spherical coordinates as described by \citet{arakawa.lamb_MWR81} to obtain the EEN scheme.  
    296296First consider the discrete expression of the potential vorticity, $q$, defined at an $f$-point:  
    297297\[ 
     
    327327(with a systematic reduction of $e_{3f}$ when a model level intercept the bathymetry) 
    328328that tends to reinforce the topostrophy of the flow 
    329 (\ie the tendency of the flow to follow the isobaths) \citep{Penduff_al_OS07}.  
     329(\ie the tendency of the flow to follow the isobaths) \citep{penduff.le-sommer.ea_OS07}.  
    330330 
    331331Next, the vorticity triads, $ {^i_j}\mathbb{Q}^{i_p}_{j_p}$ can be defined at a $T$-point as 
     
    356356(\ie $\chi$=$0$) (see \autoref{subsec:C_vorEEN}).  
    357357Applied to a realistic ocean configuration, it has been shown that it leads to a significant reduction of 
    358 the noise in the vertical velocity field \citep{Le_Sommer_al_OM09}. 
     358the noise in the vertical velocity field \citep{le-sommer.penduff.ea_OM09}. 
    359359Furthermore, used in combination with a partial steps representation of bottom topography, 
    360360it improves the interaction between current and topography, 
    361 leading to a larger topostrophy of the flow \citep{Barnier_al_OD06, Penduff_al_OS07}.  
     361leading to a larger topostrophy of the flow \citep{barnier.madec.ea_OD06, penduff.le-sommer.ea_OS07}.  
    362362 
    363363%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
     
    403403When \np{ln\_dynzad\_zts}\forcode{ = .true.}, 
    404404a split-explicit time stepping with 5 sub-timesteps is used on the vertical advection term. 
    405 This option can be useful when the value of the timestep is limited by vertical advection \citep{Lemarie_OM2015}.  
     405This option can be useful when the value of the timestep is limited by vertical advection \citep{lemarie.debreu.ea_OM15}.  
    406406Note that in this case, 
    407407a similar split-explicit time stepping should be used on vertical advection of tracer to ensure a better stability, 
     
    475475a $2^{nd}$ order centered finite difference scheme, CEN2, 
    476476or a $3^{rd}$ order upstream biased scheme, UBS. 
    477 The latter is described in \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
     477The latter is described in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    478478The schemes are selected using the namelist logicals \np{ln\_dynadv\_cen2} and \np{ln\_dynadv\_ubs}.  
    479479In flux form, the schemes differ by the choice of a space and time interpolation to define the value of 
     
    523523where $u"_{i+1/2} =\delta_{i+1/2} \left[ {\delta_i \left[ u \right]} \right]$. 
    524524This results in a dissipatively dominant (\ie hyper-diffusive) truncation error 
    525 \citep{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
    526 The overall performance of the advection scheme is similar to that reported in \citet{Farrow1995}. 
     525\citep{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
     526The overall performance of the advection scheme is similar to that reported in \citet{farrow.stevens_JPO95}. 
    527527It is a relatively good compromise between accuracy and smoothness. 
    528528It is not a \emph{positive} scheme, meaning that false extrema are permitted. 
     
    542542while the second term, which is the diffusion part of the scheme, 
    543543is evaluated using the \textit{before} velocity (forward in time). 
    544 This is discussed by \citet{Webb_al_JAOT98} in the context of the Quick advection scheme. 
     544This is discussed by \citet{webb.de-cuevas.ea_JAOT98} in the context of the Quick advection scheme. 
    545545 
    546546Note that the UBS and QUICK (Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) schemes only differ by 
    547547one coefficient. 
    548 Replacing $1/6$ by $1/8$ in (\autoref{eq:dynadv_ubs}) leads to the QUICK advection scheme \citep{Webb_al_JAOT98}. 
     548Replacing $1/6$ by $1/8$ in (\autoref{eq:dynadv_ubs}) leads to the QUICK advection scheme \citep{webb.de-cuevas.ea_JAOT98}. 
    549549This option is not available through a namelist parameter, since the $1/6$ coefficient is hard coded. 
    550550Nevertheless it is quite easy to make the substitution in the \mdl{dynadv\_ubs} module and obtain a QUICK scheme. 
     
    652652 
    653653Pressure gradient formulations in an $s$-coordinate have been the subject of a vast number of papers 
    654 (\eg, \citet{Song1998, Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}).  
     654(\eg, \citet{song_MWR98, shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}).  
    655655A number of different pressure gradient options are coded but the ROMS-like, 
    656656density Jacobian with cubic polynomial method is currently disabled whilst known bugs are under investigation. 
    657657 
    658 $\bullet$ Traditional coding (see for example \citet{Madec_al_JPO96}: (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
     658$\bullet$ Traditional coding (see for example \citet{madec.delecluse.ea_JPO96}: (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
    659659\begin{equation} 
    660660  \label{eq:dynhpg_sco} 
     
    679679$\bullet$ Pressure Jacobian scheme (prj) (a research paper in preparation) (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}\forcode{ = .true.}) 
    680680 
    681 $\bullet$ Density Jacobian with cubic polynomial scheme (DJC) \citep{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}  
     681$\bullet$ Density Jacobian with cubic polynomial scheme (DJC) \citep{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}  
    682682(\np{ln\_dynhpg\_djc}\forcode{ = .true.}) (currently disabled; under development) 
    683683 
    684684Note that expression \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco} is commonly used when the variable volume formulation is activated 
    685685(\key{vvl}) because in that case, even with a flat bottom, 
    686 the coordinate surfaces are not horizontal but follow the free surface \citep{Levier2007}. 
     686the coordinate surfaces are not horizontal but follow the free surface \citep{levier.treguier.ea_rpt07}. 
    687687The pressure jacobian scheme (\np{ln\_dynhpg\_prj}\forcode{ = .true.}) is available as 
    688688an improved option to \np{ln\_dynhpg\_sco}\forcode{ = .true.} when \key{vvl} is active. 
     
    704704corresponds to the water replaced by the ice shelf. 
    705705This top pressure is constant over time. 
    706 A detailed description of this method is described in \citet{Losch2008}.\\ 
     706A detailed description of this method is described in \citet{losch_JGR08}.\\ 
    707707 
    708708The pressure gradient due to ocean load is computed using the expression \autoref{eq:dynhpg_sco} described in 
     
    722722the physical phenomenon that controls the time-step is internal gravity waves (IGWs). 
    723723A semi-implicit scheme for doubling the stability limit associated with IGWs can be used 
    724 \citep{Brown_Campana_MWR78, Maltrud1998}. 
     724\citep{brown.campana_MWR78, maltrud.smith.ea_JGR98}. 
    725725It involves the evaluation of the hydrostatic pressure gradient as 
    726726an average over the three time levels $t-\rdt$, $t$, and $t+\rdt$ 
     
    790790which imposes a very small time step when an explicit time stepping is used. 
    791791Two methods are proposed to allow a longer time step for the three-dimensional equations:  
    792 the filtered free surface, which is a modification of the continuous equations (see \autoref{eq:PE_flt}),  
     792the filtered free surface, which is a modification of the continuous equations (see \autoref{eq:PE_flt?}),  
    793793and the split-explicit free surface described below. 
    794794The extra term introduced in the filtered method is calculated implicitly,  
     
    845845 
    846846The split-explicit free surface formulation used in \NEMO (\key{dynspg\_ts} defined), 
    847 also called the time-splitting formulation, follows the one proposed by \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
     847also called the time-splitting formulation, follows the one proposed by \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    848848The general idea is to solve the free surface equation and the associated barotropic velocity equations with 
    849849a smaller time step than $\rdt$, the time step used for the three dimensional prognostic variables 
     
    876876(see section \autoref{sec:ZDF_bfr}), explicitly accounted for at each barotropic iteration. 
    877877Temporal discretization of the system above follows a three-time step Generalized Forward Backward algorithm 
    878 detailed in \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}. 
     878detailed in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}. 
    879879AB3-AM4 coefficients used in \NEMO follow the second-order accurate, 
    880 "multi-purpose" stability compromise as defined in \citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_Bk08} 
     880"multi-purpose" stability compromise as defined in \citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_ibk09} 
    881881(see their figure 12, lower left).  
    882882 
     
    936936and time splitting not compatible. 
    937937Advective barotropic velocities are obtained by using a secondary set of filtering weights, 
    938 uniquely defined from the filter coefficients used for the time averaging (\citet{Shchepetkin_McWilliams_OM05}). 
     938uniquely defined from the filter coefficients used for the time averaging (\citet{shchepetkin.mcwilliams_OM05}). 
    939939Consistency between the time averaged continuity equation and the time stepping of tracers is here the key to 
    940940obtain exact conservation. 
     
    953953external gravity waves in idealized or weakly non-linear cases. 
    954954Although the damping is lower than for the filtered free surface, 
    955 it is still significant as shown by \citet{Levier2007} in the case of an analytical barotropic Kelvin wave. 
     955it is still significant as shown by \citet{levier.treguier.ea_rpt07} in the case of an analytical barotropic Kelvin wave. 
    956956 
    957957%>>>>>=============== 
     
    10511051the leap-frog splitting mode in equation \autoref{eq:DYN_spg_ts_ssh}. 
    10521052We have tried various forms of such filtering, 
    1053 with the following method discussed in \cite{Griffies_al_MWR01} chosen due to 
     1053with the following method discussed in \cite{griffies.pacanowski.ea_MWR01} chosen due to 
    10541054its stability and reasonably good maintenance of tracer conservation properties (see ??). 
    10551055 
     
    10841084\label{subsec:DYN_spg_fltp} 
    10851085 
    1086 The filtered formulation follows the \citet{Roullet_Madec_JGR00} implementation.  
     1086The filtered formulation follows the \citet{roullet.madec_JGR00} implementation.  
    10871087The extra term introduced in the equations (see \autoref{subsec:PE_free_surface}) is solved implicitly.  
    10881088The elliptic solvers available in the code are documented in \autoref{chap:MISC}. 
     
    13261326There are two main options for wetting and drying code (wd): 
    13271327(a) an iterative limiter (il) and (b) a directional limiter (dl). 
    1328 The directional limiter is based on the scheme developed by \cite{WarnerEtal13} for RO 
     1328The directional limiter is based on the scheme developed by \cite{warner.defne.ea_CG13} for RO 
    13291329MS 
    1330 which was in turn based on ideas developed for POM by \cite{Oey06}. The iterative 
     1330which was in turn based on ideas developed for POM by \cite{oey_OM06}. The iterative 
    13311331limiter is a new scheme.  The iterative limiter is activated by setting $\mathrm{ln\_wd\_il} = \mathrm{.true.}$ 
    13321332and $\mathrm{ln\_wd\_dl} = \mathrm{.false.}$. The directional limiter is activated 
     
    14001400 
    14011401 
    1402 \cite{WarnerEtal13} state that in their scheme the velocity masks at the cell faces for the baroclinic 
     1402\cite{warner.defne.ea_CG13} state that in their scheme the velocity masks at the cell faces for the baroclinic 
    14031403timesteps are set to 0 or 1 depending on whether the average of the masks over the barotropic sub-steps is respectively less than 
    14041404or greater than 0.5. That scheme does not conserve tracers in integrations started from constant tracer 
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